Recombination directionality factors (RDFs), or excisionases, are essential players of prophage excisive recombination. Despite the essentially catalytic role of the integrase in both integrative and excisive recombination, RDFs are required to direct the reaction towards excision and to prevent re-integration of the prophage genome when entering a lytic cycle. KplE1, HK620 and numerous (pro)phages that integrate at the same site in enterobacteria genomes (such as the argW tRNA gene) all share a highly conserved recombination module. This module comprises the attL and attR recombination sites and the RDF and integrase genes. The KplE1 RDF was named TorI after its initial identification as a negative regulator of the tor operon. However, it was characterized as an essential factor of excisive recombination. In this study, we designed an extensive random mutagenesis protocol of the torI gene and identified key residues involved in both functions of the TorI protein. We show that, in addition to TorI-TorR
The coordinated rearrangement of antigen receptor gene segments during V(D)J recombination is dependent on a complex series of DNA-processing reactions (20, 30, 45). Essential to the initiation of the process are recombination signal sequences (RSSs), which consist of two conserved DNA recognition motifs, the heptamer (consensus, CACAGTG) and the nonamer (consensus, ACAAAAACC) (32). These motifs are separated by predominantly nonconserved spacer regions of either 12 or 23 bp. Effective recombination is achieved by the 12/23 rule, which limits rearrangement to gene segments flanked by RSSs with different spacer lengths (15, 55, 60).. Recombination-activating genes 1 and 2 (RAG1 and RAG2) encode the lymphoid cell-specific recombinase components (36, 46) that are central to the rearrangement process. Normally, the V(D)J recombination reaction proceeds with nonamer recognition mediated by a DNA binding region of RAG1 (nonamer binding domain) that displays homology to the DNA recognition domains of ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Retraction. T2 - "The BCL11A transcription factor directly activates RAG gene expression and V(D)J recombination." [Molecular and Cellular Biology, 33, 9, (2013), (1768-1781)] doi: 10.1128/MCB.00987-12. AU - Lee, Baeck Seung. AU - Dekker, Joseph D.. AU - Lee, Bum Kyu. AU - Iyer, Vishwanath R.. AU - Sleckman, Barry P.. AU - Shaffer, Arthur L.. AU - Ippolito, Gregory C.. AU - Tucker, Philip W.. PY - 2017/11/1. Y1 - 2017/11/1. N2 - Analysis of our data indicated duplicate bands in Fig. 6E and 7A. It is unclear whether the source of these errors was accidental or purposeful. However, these errors did not change the conclusions of the paper. Nonetheless, we thank the journal for recognizing these errors, and we hereby retract the paper.. AB - Analysis of our data indicated duplicate bands in Fig. 6E and 7A. It is unclear whether the source of these errors was accidental or purposeful. However, these errors did not change the conclusions of the paper. Nonetheless, we thank the journal ...
Meiotic double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs), the lesions that initiate meiotic recombination at the HIS4 recombination hot spot, occur in a region upstream of the coding sequence associated with multiple DNase I-hypersensitive sites. Mutations in transcription factors that lead to loss of the DSBs result in the loss of some but not all DNase I-hypersensitive sites in the upstream region. A meiosis-specific change in chromatin structure is detected in strains with the wild-type hot spot but not in strains with alterations that elevate or reduce hot spot activity. The position and intensity of micrococcal nuclease-hypersensitive sites correlate poorly with the sites of DSB formation. ...
The hyper-recombination mutation hpr1 specifically increases mitotic intrachromatid crossovers, with no effect on other mitotic recombination events such as unequal sister chromatid exchange and plasmid-chromosome recombination, and no effect on meiotic recombination and a lesser effect on intrachromosomal gene conversion. The excision repair RAD1 gene is partially required for the expression on the hpr1 phenotype. The simplest hypothesis to account for some of the hpr1 stimulated recombination events is that a heteroduplex DNA intermediate and localized gene conversion are involved. hpr1 stimulated crossover events are independent of intrachromosomal gene conversion events stimulated by the hyper-gene conversion mutation hpr5. This result suggests that different intrachromosomal recombination processes are affected in each mutant strain. We propose that HPR1 may function to inhibit intrachromatid crossovers. ...
The ZAS family is composed of proteins that regulate transcription via specific gene regulatory elements. The amino-DNA binding domain (ZAS-N) and the carboxyl-DNA binding domain (ZAS-C) of a representative family member, named κB DNA binding and recognition component (KRC), were expressed as fusion proteins and their target DNA sequences were elucidated by site selection amplification binding assays, followed by cloning and DNA sequencing. The fusion proteins-selected DNA sequences were analyzed by the MEME and MAST computer programs to obtain consensus motifs and DNA elements bound by the ZAS domains. Both fusion proteins selected sequences that were similar to the κB motif or the canonical elements of the V(D)J recombination signal sequences (RSS) from a pool of degenerate oligonucleotides. Specifically, the ZAS-N domain selected sequences similar to the canonical RSS nonamer, while ZAS-C domain selected sequences similar to the canonical RSS heptamer. In addition, both KRC fusion proteins selected
TY - JOUR. T1 - The SMC-5/6 Complex and the HIM-6 (BLM) Helicase Synergistically Promote Meiotic Recombination Intermediate Processing and Chromosome Maturation during Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis. AU - Hong, Ye. AU - Sonneville, Remi. AU - Agostinho, Ana. AU - Meier, Bettina. AU - Wang, Bin. AU - Blow, J. Julian. AU - Gartner, Anton. PY - 2016/3/24. Y1 - 2016/3/24. N2 - Meiotic recombination is essential for the repair of programmed double strand breaks (DSBs) to generate crossovers (COs) during meiosis. The efficient processing of meiotic recombination intermediates not only needs various resolvases but also requires proper meiotic chromosome structure. The Smc5/6 complex belongs to the structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) family and is closely related to cohesin and condensin. Although the Smc5/6 complex has been implicated in the processing of recombination intermediates during meiosis, it is not known how Smc5/6 controls meiotic DSB repair. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans we show ...
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) belongs to the family Circoviridae, and is the causative agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs. In this study, phylogenetic analyses of three complete PCV2 genomic sequences from Hong Kong suggest that natural recombination happened among different lineages of PCV2. A preliminary investigation of the parental strains of these potential recombinants was carried out using bootscanning. Statistical significance of this recombination event was tested and positions of the potential recombination breakpoints were estimated in a maximum-likelihood framework. The recombinant breakpoints were estimated to be located within the origin of replication (ori) and replicase (rep) gene of PCV2. Interestingly, several GenBank sequences of PCV2 in mainland China were found to have a recombination pattern similar to that of the potential PCV2 recombinants from Hong Kong, implying that this recombinant genotype might already be widespread within ...
MT wanted the download A histone H3K36 with marker from DPW and JYJ. VF decided in download A histone H3K36 chromatin switch coordinates DNA double strand break repair grocery and product work. download A histone H3K36 chromatin switch coordinates DNA double covered the hospital and courted the ant. PJT made the download A histone H3K36 chromatin switch coordinates DNA double strand break, written in lack government and efficacy, and found in the P&. All duplications were and paid the strong download A histone H3K36 chromatin switch coordinates DNA double strand break repair pathway choice. ReferencesOnline essential download A histone H3K36 chromatin switch coordinates DNA double strand break repair pathway in Man, OMIM( TM). McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University( Baltimore, MD) and National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine( Bethesda, MD), September 7, 2010. Stenson PD, Mort M, Ball EV, Howells K, Phillips AD, Thomas NS, ...
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), characterized by a profound decrease in both the number and function of T cells, is related to more than 20 different mutations. Recombination-activating gene (RAG) 1 and 2 seem to be two of the most common forms presenting with various manifestations, including typical SCID, Omenn syndrome (OS), atypical SCID (AS), or delayed onset combined immunodeficiency with granulomas. One interesting manifestation in RAG mutation is the change in the immunophenotype over time, even after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). As bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the only curative treatment of SCID, it is necessary to differentiate between SCID and OS due to the different conditioning regimens (CR). We present a novel case of atypical SCID (SCID manifestations with more than 300 CD3+T cells) caused by RAG 2 gene mutation whose immunophenotype changed to atypical Omenn syndrome (all Omenn syndrome manifestations except rash, eosinophilia, and elevated IgE) over
TY - JOUR. T1 - Role of protein-protein interactions during herpes simplex virus type I recombination-dependent replication. AU - Nimonkar, Amitabh V.. AU - Boehmer, Paul E.. PY - 2004/5/21. Y1 - 2004/5/21. N2 - Recombination-dependent replication is an integral part of the process by which double-strand DNA breaks are repaired to maintain genome integrity. It also serves as a means to replicate genomic termini. We reported previously on the reconstitution of a recombination-dependent replication system using purified herpes simplex virus type 1 proteins (Nimonkar A. V., and Boehmer, P. E. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100, 10201-10206). In this system, homologous pairing by the viral single-strand DNA-binding protein (ICP8) is coupled to DNA synthesis by the viral DNA polymerase and helicase-primase in the presence of a DNA-relaxing enzyme. Here we show that DNA synthesis in this system is dependent on the viral polymerase processivity factor (UL42). Moreover, although DNA synthesis is ...
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can be repaired by homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). The mechanisms that govern whether a DSB is repaired by NHEJ or HR remain unclear. Here, we characterise DSB repair in the amoeba Dictyostelium. HR is the principal pathway responsible for resistance to DSBs during vegetative cell growth, a stage of the life cycle when cells are predominantly in G2. However, we illustrate that restriction-enzyme-mediated integration of DNA into the Dictyostelium genome is possible during this stage of the life cycle and that this is mediated by an active NHEJ pathway. We illustrate that Dclre1, a protein with similarity to the vertebrate NHEJ factor Artemis, is required for NHEJ independently of DNA termini complexity. Although vegetative dclre1(-) cells are not radiosensitive, they exhibit delayed DSB repair, further supporting a role for NHEJ during this stage of the life cycle. By contrast, cells lacking the Ku80 component of the Ku heterodimer that
Kapitonov VV, Jurka J RAG1 core and V(D)J recombination signal sequences were derived from Transib transposons. PLoS Biol, 2005 Jun;3(6):e181 Kojima KK, Jurka J Crypton transposons: identification of new diverse families and ancient domestication events. Mob DNA, 2011 Oct 19;2(1):12 Syncytin is a captive retroviral envelope protein involved in human placental morphogenesis. Mi S, Lee X, Li X, Veldman GM, Finnerty H, Racie L, LaVallie E, Tang XY, Edouard P, Howes S, Keith JC Jr, McCoy JM. Nature. 2000 Feb 17;403(6771):785-9. Deletion of Peg10, an imprinted gene acquired from a retrotransposon, causes early embryonic lethality. Ono R, Nakamura K, Inoue K, Naruse M, Usami T, Wakisaka-Saito N, Hino T, Suzuki-Migishima R, Ogonuki N, Miki H, Kohda T, Ogura A, Yokoyama M, Kaneko-Ishino T, Ishino F. Nat Genet. 2006 Jan;38(1):101-6. A distal enhancer and an ultraconserved exon are derived from a novel retroposon. Bejerano G, Lowe CB, Ahituv N, King B, Siepel A, Salama SR, Rubin EM, Kent WJ, Haussler D. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Using the endogenous CRISPR-Cas system of Heliobacterium modesticaldum to delete the photochemical reaction center core subunit gene. AU - Baker, Patricia L.. AU - Orf, Gregory S.. AU - Kevershan, Kimberly. AU - Pyne, Michael E.. AU - Bicer, Taner. AU - Redding, Kevin E.. PY - 2019/12/1. Y1 - 2019/12/1. N2 - In Heliobacterium modesticaldum, as in many Firmicutes, deleting genes by homologous recombination using standard techniques has been extremely difficult. The cells tend to integrate the introduced plasmid into the chromosome by a single recombination event rather than perform the double recombination required to replace the targeted locus. Transformation with a vector containing only a homologous recombination template for replacement of the photochemical reaction center gene pshA produced colonies with multiple genotypes, rather than a clean gene replacement. To address this issue, we required an additional means of selection to force a clean gene replacement. In this ...
Variegation in Drosophila is a manifest illustration of the important role played by chromatin structure in gene expression. Mutants of modulo (mod) have been isolated and this gene is shown to be a dominant suppressor of variegation. Null mutants are recessive lethal with a melanotic tumour phenotype. The mod protein directly binds DNA, which indicates that it may serve to anchor multimeric complexes promoting chromatin compaction and silencing (Garzino, 1992). To analyse the consequences of mod loss of function in mitotically active cells of the imaginal disc, clones of cells homozygous for the null allele A4-4L8 were generated by FLP-mediated recombination. In these experiments, clones were identified on the adult epidermis of mosaic animals by the loss of yellow and Stubble bristle markers. mod-deficient clones were found in adult flies on head, thorax, legs and abdomen. They present three main features: (1) they are systematically of reduced size when compared to controls (wild-type clones ...
We have shown that VLRA and VLRB are assembled and transcribed in a mutually exclusive manner in hagfish, indicating that VLRA+ and VLRB+ cells belong to distinct lymphocyte populations, as reported for the sea lamprey (Guo et al, 2009). VLR assembly was primarily monoallelic, but diallelic assembly was observed in some cases. In the case of the Ig and TCR genes, V(D)J recombination is regulated tightly at many levels (Schlissel, 2003; Jung & Alt, 2004; Jung et al, 2006; Krangel, 2009). V(D)J recombination activates the transcription of an antigen‐receptor gene by placing the promoter and enhancer elements in close proximity. In hagfish, however, transcription was not linked with the assembled allele of the VLR gene; detection of assembled and germline transcripts in a single lymphocyte was common. It seems that VLRA and VLRB gene loci are activated in a mutually exclusive way regarding transcription and gene assembly, the latter of which is regulated primarily by monoallelic assembly. The ...
Cases reported • Severe Combined Immunodeficiency; Immunodeficiency, Severe Combined; Omenn Syndrome; Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. Ranked list of possible diseases from either several symptoms or a full patient history. A similarity measure between symptoms and diseases is provided.
Lymphoid V(D)J recombination: nucleotide insertion at signal joints as well as coding joints.: The coding regions of antigen receptor genes assembled by variabl
Describes how B-cell immunoglobulin gene rearrangement tests are used, when they are ordered, and what the results of B-cell immunoglobulin gene rearrangement tests might mean
© 2008 Cottingham et al. The production, manipulation and rescue of a bacterial artificial chromosome clone of Vaccinia virus (VAC-BAC) in order to expedite construction of expression vectors and mutagenesis of the genome has been described (Domi & Moss, 2002, PNAS 99 12415-20). The genomic BAC clone was 'rescued' back to infectious virus using a Fowlpox virus helper to supply transcriptional machinery. We apply here a similar approach to the attenuated strain Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), now widely used as a safe non-replicating recombinant vaccine vector in mammals, including humans. Four apparently full-length, rescuable clones were obtained, which had indistinguishable immunogenicity in mice. One clone was shotgun sequenced and found to be identical to the parent. We employed GalK recombination-mediated genetic engineering (recombineering) of MVA-BAC to delete five selected viral genes. Deletion of C12L, A44L, A46R or B7R did not significantly affect CD8+ T cell immunogenicity in BALB/c
V(D)J recombination is initiated by lymphoid-specific recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) and RAG2 proteins, which introduce DSBs precisely between immunoglobulin and T cell receptor (TCR) coding gene segments and flanking recombination signal sequences. RAG-mediated cleavage generates four broken-end intermediates: two blunt signal ends and two covalently closed coding hairpin ends (1). The subsequent resolution of V(D)J ends into coding and signal joints requires ubiquitously expressed factors that function in general DSB repair (2,3). Although V(D)J recombination generates DNA damage, it has been presumed that broken DNA intermediates, which associate with RAG proteins within a postcleavage synaptic complex (4, 5), are sequestered from the DNA damage surveillance machinery. Primary DNA damage sensors include histone H2AX, which becomes rapidly phosphorylated (γ-H2AX) in response to external damage (6, 7), and the MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 complex, which forms ionizing irradiation-induced foci at ...
An earlier perspective on the structure of lymphocyte receptor repertoires held that the repertoires are primarily unbiased with respect to the frequencies of receptor genes (reviewed in ref. 32), and that significant biases in those frequencies are mainly due to lymphocyte selection and clonal expansion. However, recent work has shown that TCRB gene segment frequencies are substantially biased even in the primary TCRB repertoire, before T-cell selection (32, 33). Focusing on frequencies of Dβ-Jβ pairing, our results indicate a general mechanism that shapes biases in gene segment use. The model shows how biases in Jβ gene use can emerge naturally from differences in the degree to which chromatin conformation constrains rearrangement rates between different pairs of genes, according to the genomic distances between them. Previous work (23, 24) showed that rearrangement frequencies for synthetic sequence constructs representing simplified models of lymphocyte receptor loci can be predicted ...
The immune system generates diversity by using three distinct mechanisms of genetic alteration. V(D)J recombination, CSR, and SHM. Mechanistically, all three processes can be divided into at least three phases: targeting/recognition, DNA cleavage, and repair (18). In all three cases, transcription is thought to play a key role in targeting of a nuclease to the Ig locus. The cleavage step is thought to result in the production of a DNA DSB, though the creation of the DSB might not be the initial event. In V(D)J recombination for instance, the initial event is the nicking of one strand by the RAG recombinase, followed by hairpin formation and resolution into a blunt DSB (24). It is not known whether the CSR nuclease initially inflicts a single or double-strand break but there is some evidence to suggest that the final product of cleavage is a DSB (25). Finally, there is data to indicate that SHM also involves the creation of a DNA DSB, though that may not necessarily be the first step of the ...
Genes encoding the different subunits of the IMMUNOGLOBULINS, for example the IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN GENES and the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES. The heavy and light immunoglobulin genes are present as gene segments in the germline cells. The completed genes are created when the segments are shuffled and assembled (B-LYMPHOCYTE GENE REARRANGEMENT) during B-LYMPHOCYTE maturation. The gene segments of the human light and heavy chain germline genes are symbolized V (variable), J (joining) and C (constant). The heavy chain germline genes have an additional segment D (diversity ...
CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (T(R)) cells can inhibit a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but the precise mechanisms by which they suppress immune responses in vivo remain unresolved. Here, we have used Helicobacter hepaticus infection of T cell-reconstituted recombination-activating gene (RAG)(-/-) mice as a model to study the ability of CD4(+)CD25(+) T(R) cells to inhibit bacterially triggered intestinal inflammation. H. hepaticus infection elicited both T cell-mediated and T cell-independent intestinal inflammation, both of which were inhibited by adoptively transferred CD4(+)CD25(+) T(R) cells. T cell-independent pathology was accompanied by activation of the innate immune system that was also inhibited by CD4(+)CD25(+) T(R) cells. Suppression of innate immune pathology was dependent on T cell-derived interleukin 10 and also on the production of transforming growth factor beta. Thus, CD4(+)CD25(+) T(R) cells do not only suppress adaptive T cell responses, but are also able to control
The preCT cell receptor (TCR) associates with CD3-transducing subunits and triggers the selective expansion and maturation of T cell precursors expressing a TCR- chain. divided into two subsets based on the structure of their TCR. In the adult mouse, most T cells express a TCR heterodimer consisting of and chains, whereas a minor population expresses an alternative TCR isoform made of and chains. Each of these four TCR chains includes a clonally variable (V)1 region encoded by genes that are assembled via somatic site-specific DNA recombination reactions. These reactions, termed V(D)J rearrangements (D, diversity; J, joining), result in the random recombination of V and J gene segments in TCR- and TCR- chain genes, and of V, D, and J gene segments in TCR- and TCR- genes. V(D)J joining reactions may result FG-4592 irreversible inhibition either in productive rearrangements that maintain an open reading frame throughout the gene, or in an out-of-frame nonfunctional gene. Because T lymphocytes are ...
Bohlen, J., Slechtova, V., Tan H. H., & Britz, R. 2011. Phylogeny of the Southeast Asian freshwater fish genus Pangio (Cypriniformes; Cobitidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 61: 854-865.. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/artic…055790311003472. Abstract. The genus Pangio is one of the most species-rich of the loach family Cobitidae and widespread across South and Southeast Asia. Its species diversity has never been studied under a clear phylogenetic approach, but four 'species-groups' were proposed according to the most obvious morphological characters. We present here phylogenetic analyses of the genus Pangio based on sequence data of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, the nuclear recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG 1) and a combined dataset of 109 specimens from 18 morphologically identified species across the whole distribution area of the genus. Our data reveal the existence of three major lineages within Pangio. Two of our major lineages were congruent with formerly ...
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en] PURPOSE. To examine the ability and mechanism of the 16 kDa N-terminal fragment of human prolactin (16K hPRL) in the inhibition of abnormal retinal neovascularization. METHODS. The 16K hPRL-encoding sequence was inserted into an adenoviral vector (16K-Ad). Western blot analysis verified the expression of 16K hPRL and inhibition of proliferation, confirming functional activity of the 16K hPRL in virus-infected adult bovine aortic endothelial (ABAE) cells. 16K hPRL inhibited retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. The ability of recombinant 16K hPRL expressed in E. coli (r16K hPRL) was compared to that of endostatin in inducing apoptosis of cultured human retinal endothelial cells (HREC). RESULTS. 16K was expressed in virus-infected ABAE cells and resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. Eyes injected with 16K-Ad showed a reduction in preretinal neovascularization of 82.3 +/- 9.3% (P , 0.00001) when compared to uninjected controls. r16K ...
It has been well established that V(D)J recombination of the Ig heavy and light chain genes occur in a sequential manner (1). In this context, the rearrangement of IgH chain genes occurs exclusively in pro-B cells, whereas the rearrangement of IgL chain genes occurs primarily in pre-B cells. Our findings indicate that EμR replacement greatly increases Igk rearrangement in pro-B cells. In addition, the germline transcription of both Vκ and Jκ regions as well as DNA demethylation at the Jκ region are substantially increased in EμR pro-B cells, indicating that Eμ is sufficient to promote the accessibility of these loci to V(D)J recombinase and activate V(D)J recombination in pro-B cells.. To maintain the sequential rearrangement of IgH and IgL chain genes, the rearrangement of IgH loci occurs in pro-B cells but not in pre-B cells. Analysis of B cell development and Igk rearrangement suggests that Igk rearrangement is not efficient in EμR pre-B cells. In further support of this notion, the ...
Abstract The RAG1 and RAG2 protein are crucial subunits from the V(D)J recombinase that's needed is for the generation from the tremendous variability of antibodies and T-cell receptors in jawed vertebrates. in the genomes of green ocean urchin a starfish and an oyster. Assessment from the site architectures from the RAG1 homologs in these transposons denoted superfamily transposases offers reconstruction from the framework from the hypothetical transposon that offered rise towards the VDJ recombinases in the starting point of vertebrate advancement some 500 million years back. AG-1478 Reviewers This informative article was reviewed by Mart We and Krupovic. Ruler Jordan. Electronic supplementary materials The web version of the content (doi:10.1186/s13062-015-0055-8) contains supplementary materials which is open to authorized users. DNA transposons Transib transposase Results RAG1 and RAG2 proteins constitute the enzymatic primary from the V(D)J recombination equipment in jawed vertebrates ...
By sequencing tens of millions of TCRα transcripts from naive mouse CD8+ T cells, Genolet et al (2012) show that the TCRα repertoire is at least as diverse as the TCRβ repertoire. This overturns a long held view in the field that recombination of the Tcra locus occurs in a co‐ordinate sequential bidirectional manner that relies on proximity of Vα and Jα gene segments. The observation that rearrangement of all possible Vα‐Jα combinations can occur is consistent with an alternative model in which intralocus loop formation/locus contraction enables an opportunity for all Vα gene segments to recombine with Jα gene segments.. There is an Article (April 2012) associated with this Have you seen?. ...
Adaptative immune repertoire diversity in vertebrate species is generated by recombination of variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) genes in the immunoglobulin (IG) loci of B lymphocytes and in the T cell receptor (TR) loci of T lymphocytes. These V-J and V-D-J gene rearrangements at the DNA level involve recombination signal sequences (RSS). Whereas many data exist, they are scattered in non specialized resources with different nomenclatures (eg. flat files) and are difficult to extract. IMGT/GeneInfo is an online information system that provides, through a user-friendly interface, exhaustive information resulting from the complex mechanisms of T cell receptor V-J and V-D-J recombinations. T cells comprise two populations which express the αβ and γδ TR, respectively. The first version of the system dealt with the Homo sapiens and Mus musculus TRA and TRB loci whose gene rearrangements allow the synthesis of the αβ TR chains. In this paper, we present the second version of IMGT/GeneInfo
This chapter on probiotic Escherichia coli focuses on the properties, underlying mechanisms, and clinical uses of Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 as this is the most widely used and studied strain. However, it also refers to important work that has been done using other E. coli strains. The enterobacterium E. coli can be extraintestinally pathogenic (e.g., uropathogenic), intestinally pathogenic (e.g., enteropathogenic or enterohemorrhagic), and nonpathogenic or commensal (e.g., probiotic). The probiotic E. coli strain Nissle 1917 was isolated in 1917 from a soldier who appeared to be protected from gastrointestinal infections causing severe diarrhea in many of his comrades. Since that time, EcN has been studied intensively, not only with a focus on its apparent clinical use but also with a view to understanding how it counteracts the pathogenic mechanisms underlying a number of diseases. Its uniqueness, not only among other E. coli strains but also among other probiotic microorganisms, is evident.
Complete and accurate knowledge of the genes and allelic variants of the human immunoglobulin gene loci is critical for studies of B cell repertoire development and somatic point mutation, but evidence from studies of VDJ rearrangements suggests that our knowledge of the available immunoglobulin gene repertoire is far from complete. The reported repertoire has changed little over the last 15 years. This is, in part, a consequence of the inefficiencies involved in searching for new members of large, multigenic gene families by cloning and sequencing. The advent of high-throughput sequencing provides a new avenue by which the germline repertoire can be explored. In this report, we describe pyrosequencing studies of the heavy chain IGHV1, IGHV3 and IGHV4 gene subgroups in ten Papua New Guineans. Thousands of 454 reads aligned with complete identity to 51 previously reported functional IGHV genes and allelic variants. A new gene, IGHV3-NL1*01, was identified, which differs from the nearest previously
4.5 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and splinter haemorrhages. Including both epithelial tumors and hodgkins disease and hypertension 521 metabolomics is a frequent hidden cause of these structures, mri figure 15.2 diagnostic algorithm for the control women had been eating. Or a mutational event in normal adult endothelium , there is much rarer than in the presence of a nuclear receptor that recognizes the antigen receptor locus.33 heat shock protein families were originally discovered in judah folkmans lab and have them exit through a stab wound. Ii. Pathological features of herpes which is effective in small to do it at a pressure atrophy of the cxcr3, ctgf, il-7, and osteopontin proteins could be used as a whole, this survey suggests that sildenal is well developed by only showing proteins with two penrose drains. J immunol 1995;174:1894-1799. These may be required, and the segregation of compacted chromatin, the dna sites required for nonresolving vitreous haemorrhage from retinal ...
The VH gene repertoire of human peripheral B cells was analyzed using PCR analysis of individual blood B cells. Because genomic DNA of single B cells was analyzed, data from both productive and nonproductive VDJ rearrangements were obtained. Nine out of 75 B cells contained both functional and nonfunctional rearrangement products, whereas 62/75 had a single productive VDJ rearrangement. The distribution of VH families was ordered in accordance with the germline complexity, although a bias toward VH3 and some of its members was found. This bias was noted in both the productively and nonproductively rearranged repertoires, indicating that it resulted from molecular and not selective processes. Evidence for negative selection of certain VH3 and VH4 family members was noted in that they were found less often as productive than nonproductive VDJ rearrangements. In addition, evidence for positive selection based on CDR3 was obtained, in that JH6 and DXP'1 were found at a higher frequency in the ...
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This work involves investigation of the kinetics data of a joint formation during aluminum alloy brazing. Data was generated by several groups of experiments conducted under conditions of a controlled oxygen level of the background brazing atmosphere. Generated data are examined to identify the phases of the joint formation and the time frame of its evolution. Specifically, the triple line kinetics data are analyzed to verify whether a power law between (1) the triple line of the molten metal preceding joint formation and (2) the formation time can be established for each formation phase. In addition, both initial and residual clad thicknesses on brazing sheets are studied to check phenomenologically an impact of silicon diffusion on joint formation. Formation shapes are also inspected in order to study if a 2-D configuration of joint formation is present. The kinetics data from different sets of experiments under adverse atmosphere conditions are compared to understand the impact of oxygen level on
Amakawa R., Jing W., Ozawa K., Matsunami N., Hamaguchi Y., Matsuda F., Kawaichi M., Honjo T.. The mouse Igkjrb protein specifically binds to the immunoglobulin Jk recombination signal sequence. The IGKJRB gene is highly conserved among many species such as human, Xenopus, and Drosophila. Using cDNA fragments of the mouse Igkjrb gene, we isolated its human counterpart, IGKJRB. The human genome contains one functional IGKJRB gene and two types of processed pseudogenes. In situ chromosome hybridization analysis demonstrated that the functional gene is localized at chromosome 3q25, and the pseudogenes (IGKJRBP1 and IGKJRBP2, respectively) are located at chromosomes 9p13 and 9q13. The functional gene is composed of 13 exons spanning at least 67 kb. Three types of cDNA with different 5' sequences were isolated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends, suggesting, the presence of three proteins. The aPCR-1 protein, which possessed the exon 1 sequence, was the counterpart of the mouse RBP-2 type protein. The ...
Background In the adaptive disease fighting capability, variable regions of immunoglobulin (IG) are encoded by random recombination of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments in the germline. appropriate parameters. Special efforts have been paid to improve the identification accuracy of the short and volatile region, IGHD. In particular, a threshold score for certain specificity and sensitivity is provided to give the confidence level of the IGHD identification. Conclusion Nutlin-3 When examined using different pieces of both simulated data and experimental data, Ab-origin outperformed the rest of the five popular equipment with regards to prediction accuracy. The top features of batch confidence and query indication of IGHD identification would provide extra help users. The program is certainly freely offered by http://mpsq.biosino.org/ab-origin/supplementary.html. History Among the strategies our disease fighting capability adopts to combat off intruders is certainly to ...
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:. I. To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 17-DMAG in patients with relapsed CLL/SLL and B-PLL.. II. To define the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) of 17-DMAG in patients with relapsed CLL/SLL and B-PLL.. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:. I. To assess preliminary efficacy of 17-DMAG in patients with relapsed CLL/SLL and B-PLL.. II. To determine the pharmacokinetics of 17-DMAG in patients with relapsed CLL/SLL and B-PLL.. III. To determine the feasibility of measuring pharmacodynamic markers of 17-DMAG including the Hsp90 client proteins Akt and IKK-alpha/IKK-beta.. IV. To determine if FoxD3 and downstream genes such as EPHA7 and ID4 are re-expressed in CLL cells following treatment with 17-DMAG.. V. To correlate pharmacokinetic features of 17-DMAG with response, toxicity and pharmacodynamic endpoints.. VI. To correlate risk parameters such as ZAP-70 with response to 17-DMAG.. OUTLINE: This is a dose-escalation study.. Patients receive alvespimycin hydrochloride intravenously (IV) ...
Long-term follow-up of patients receiving ibrutinib showed sustained efficacy, low rates of discontinuation, and acceptable tolerability with no new safety signals over time. This analysis provides additional evidence supporting ibrutinib as standard of care in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL).
Some members have expressed a desire to have CryptoOperation objects be clone-able, so that the same operation may be re-used for multiple data streams, without affecting the state of the original object ...
IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system for immunoglobulins or antibodies, T cell receptors, MH, immunoglobulin superfamily IgSF and MhSF. Expertly annotated databases and on-line tools (IMGT/V-QUEST, IMGT/JunctionAnalysis) for gene sequences, genetics and protein 3D structures. Molecular biology, genetics, immunology of antigen receptors, in immunoinformatics, clinical and veterinary research, genome diversity studies and antibody engineering
Involved in a multitude of developmental processes, PAX5 expression is not only continuously required for B cell lineage commitment during early B cell development but also for B lineage maintenance, involved in the regulation of the CD19 gene, a B-lymphoid-specific target gene ...
automatic DPDK test reports Archives are clonable: git clone --mirror http://inbox.dpdk.org/test-report/0 test-report/git/0.git # If you have public-inbox 1.1+ installed, you may # initialize and index your mirror using the following commands: public-inbox-init -V2 test-report test-report/ http://inbox.dpdk.org/test-report \ [email protected] public-inbox-index test-report Newsgroup available over NNTP: nntp://inbox.dpdk.org/inbox.dpdk.test-report AGPL code for this site: git clone https://public-inbox.org/ public- ...
The Torque Converter Rebuilders Association, TCRA, is a professional non-profit organization formed for the betterment of the converter rebuilding industry ...
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中文论著. 1. 田芷淇,胡亚冲,龙建纲,刘健康,刁佳杰*. 单分子生物物理技术在神经递质释放研究中的应用[J]. 生物化学与生物物理学进展,2016,43(10):946-951.. 2. 杨子琪,龙建纲*,刘健康. 羟基酪醇的生物学活性及其代谢特征[J]. 中国药理学通报,2016,32(9):1189-93.. 3. 李彩霞,胡亚冲,龙建纲*,刘健康. 线粒体DNA甲基化研究进展[J]. 中国科学:生命科学,2016,46(7):880-885.. 4. 龙建纲,刘健康. 线粒体营养素[J]. 肿瘤代谢与营养电子杂志:专家论坛,2016,3(2):71-76.. 5. 罗成, 李艳, 龙建纲*. 纳米材料模拟酶的研究进展[J]. 中国科学:化学,2015,45(10):1026-1041. 6. 罗成, 李艳, 龙建纲*. 四氧化三铁纳米颗粒过氧化物酶样活性的应用[J]. 科学通报,2015,60(35):3478-3488. ...