TY - JOUR. T1 - ACTH response to desmopressin in a patient with acromegaly; expression of corticotropin-releasing factor, urocortins and vasopressin V1b receptor in GH-producing pituitary adenoma. AU - Arihara, Zenei. AU - Sakurai, Kanako. AU - Osaki, Yoshinori. AU - Fukazawa, Hiroshi. AU - Yamada, Shozo. AU - Inoshita, Naoko. AU - Murakami, Osamu. AU - Ohba, Koji. AU - Takahashi, Kazuhiro. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2011. Y1 - 2011. N2 - GH-producing pituitary adenomas frequently co-produce other certain anterior pituitary hormones, such as prolactin (PRL). In contrast, GH-producing adenomas which express all of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), urocorin1 (Ucn1) and urocortin3 (Ucn3) have not been reported. A 39-year-old woman was admitted for evaluation of the pituitary tumor. The diagnosis of acromegaly was confirmed by elevated serum GH and IGF-I levels, and the absence of GH suppression by oral glucose tolerance test. ACTH response to ...

The Edinger-Westphal nucleus (accessory oculomotor nucleus) is the parasympathetic pre-ganglionic nucleus that innervates the iris sphincter muscle and the ciliary muscle. Alternatively, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus is a term often used to refer to the adjacent population of non-preganglionic neurons that do not project to the ciliary ganglion, but rather project to the spinal cord, dorsal raphe nucleus, and lateral septal nuclei.[1] Unlike the classical preganglionic Edinger-Westphal neurons that contain choline acetyltransferase, neurons of the non-preganglionic Edinger-Westphal nucleus contain various neuropeptides, such as Urocortin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript.[2] Previously, it had been proposed to rename this group of non-preganglionic, neuropeptide-containing neurons to perioculomotor subgriseal neuronal stream, abbreviated pIIISG.[3] However, more recently, a final nomenclature has been determined. Preganglionic oculomotor neurons within the Edinger-Westphal nucleus ...

Gentaur molecular products has all kinds of products like :search , GenWay \ Stresscopin-Related Peptide Human - Urocortin II; Ucn II; Stresscopin-related peptide; Urocortin-related peptide \ 06-271-83475 for more molecular products just contact us

Background Peripheral corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) plays an important role in stress-induced alterations of gastrointestinal motility. CRF injected peripherally inhibits gastric emptying, but its effect on gastric contractions has not bee

Consistent with previous in vivo5,6 and in vitro4,9,10 findings, urocortin potently relaxes mouse tail arteries in an endothelial-independent manner. We proposed previously11 that urocortin-induced relaxation was caused by a PKA-mediated decrease in the apparent Ca2+ sensitivity of contraction. The mechanism by which this occurs is, however, not fully understood. Here, we present evidence that urocortin decreases Ca2+ sensitivity by a cAMP-mediated increase in the activity of SMPP-1M, which, at least in part, is attributable to a reduction of the inhibitory phosphorylations of the regulatory subunit of SMPP-1M, MYPT1Thr696/850.. As previously reported (reviewed by Ito et al14), MYPT1Thr696 is phosphorylated under resting conditions. Phosphorylation was further increased during the maintained phase of both noradrenaline- and KCl-induced contractions, which is in line with the observation that the maintained phase of phenylephrine- and KCl-induced contraction of arteries requires the activation of ...

Université de Bordeaux II, USN du Haut-Leveque, Pessac, France We study the regulation of motivated behavior, such as appetite. In a study fundamental for understanding ingestion, we showed that drinking is an integrated component of meal taking in rats, a finding that redefined what a meal is. Using the meal model, we discovered that leptin and fenfluramine suppress appetite through different behavioral mechanisms, as had been suggested by clinical experience but not reproduced in animal models. The model opens the way for differentiating appetite suppressants according to modes of action and perhaps for identifying those that act as long-term, and not only short-term, signals of energy balance. One goal of our group is to understand the influence of stress and stress-related peptides, such as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and the urocortins, on motivated behavior. We found that CNS infusion of urocortin 2, a selective CRF2 receptor agonist, reduced intake of a palatable cafeteria diet, ...

The proposed publication is writen by means of a gaggle of most sensible global specialists thinking about the examine of the mechanisms of hormonal keep watch over of mind harm and service. the consequences of thyroid and steroid hormones (estrogens, androgens, progestins, gluco-mineralo-corticoids, a number of neurosteroids) or polypeptide hormones (CRF, urocortins, somatostastin, GH/IGF, leptin, prolactin, PACAP, erythropoetin) on neuronal survival and neurogenesis in numerous neurodegenerative stipulations and in mind getting older should be mentioned intimately. The proposed ebook is exclusive since it provides a complete account of the neuroprotective and neurogenic results of steroid and polypeptide hormones. in addition, new pharmacological techniques for remedy of neurodegenerative stipulations are awarded, in line with the neuroprotective and neurogenic houses of typical and artificial hormones ...

As life expectancy increases and population ages, the already enormous impact of neurodegeneration on society will become even larger without better prevention and treatment. Developing strategies to prevent degeneration of neurons and to promote a healthy nervous system is, thus, critical. The development of pharmacological agents that would increase production of new neurons was recently facilitated by the identification of the hormonal regulators of various steps of adult neurogenesis. The proposed book is writen by a group of top world experts involved in the study of the mechanisms of hormonal control of brain damage and repair. The effects of thyroid and steroid hormones (estrogens, androgens, progestins, gluco-mineralo-corticoids, various neurosteroids) or polypeptide hormones (CRF, urocortins, somatostastin, GH/IGF, leptin, prolactin, PACAP, erythropoetin) on neuronal survival and neurogenesis in various neurodegenerative conditions and in brain aging will be discussed in detail. The proposed

Transcriptome analyses were performed in the anterior raphe area of mutant mice deficient in the serotonin transporter (5-HTT KO) or overexpressing this protein (5-HTT TG), which exhibit opposite changes in anxiety-related behavior. Among genes with altered expression, the gene encoding the neuropeptide urocortin 1 was down-regulated in 5-HTT KO and up-regulated in 5-HTT TG mice. Expression of the gene encoding cocaine-and-amphetamine-related-peptide, which colocalizes with urocortin 1, was also increased in 5-HTT TG mutants. Real-time RT-PCR confirmed these data and immunoautoradiographic labeling showed that parallel changes in neuropeptide levels were confined to the non-preganglionic Edinger-Westphal nucleus. Thus, 5-HTT expression correlates with that of urocortin 1, suggesting that this peptide can be involved in the behavioral changes observed in 5-HTT mutant mice.

Many patients with diabetes have heart failure. The study from Dr. Hammonds laboratory examined the effect of gene transfer using an adeno-associated virus vector (AAV8) carrying either urocortin 2 (UCn2) or urocortin 3 (UCn3) in normal mice. The effects of UCn2 and UCn3 on left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function and glucose disposal were the focus of the study. Mechanistic studies included quantification of LV sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA 2a) content, and cardiac myocyte calcium handling.. After intravenous delivery of the vector, UCn2 and UCn3 are expressed predominantly in the liver and released to the circulation where they activate corticotropin releasing hormone receptor-2 (CRHR2) in the heart, skeletal muscle and vasculature. Benefits include increased heart function and increased glucose disposal. This approach enables patients to be treated by a simple IV injection during an office visit. The method of gene transfer of genes encoding peptides with ...

Values were determined from 3-6 independent experiments using stable transfetsirovannyh cells SNO or membrane for each of the test peptide. The values of EC50and Kiwas determined using the computer program Prism. The values of their log10were averaged (γ). Average EC50or Kiwas taken as equal to 10γ. Expected standard deviation of the values log10(δ). Limits were taken as equal to [(10γ)10δor 10γ/10δ].. Compared with urocortin Ucn II was at least 1000 times less effective at competing with labeled sauvagine for binding to CRF-R1, whereas it is about the agave almost equal efficiency with Ucn when competing for binding to CRF-R2. Found significant selectivity against receptor type 2 is also observed in case of activation of the receptor, which was measured by the accumulation of intracellular camp. Stable transfetsirovannyh cells Cho (cultured in DMEM/10% FBS) were sown in a 48-hole Cup for tissue culture (Costar) and allowed to recover for 24 hours. The medium was replaced with DMEM/0.1% ...

Reaktivität: Rind (Kuh), Human, Maus and more. 27 verschiedene UCN3 ELISA Kits vergleichen. Alle direkt auf antikoerper-online.de bestellbar!

The available data suggest that Urocortin (UCN), a cardioprotective and vasoactive peptide known from fish neuroendocrinology, is involved in cardiac regulation. The aim of this study was to determine UCN plasma concentrations in patients with heart failure (HF). Plasma concentrations of UCN were measured in 42 fully treated HF patients. UCN was determined using a specific ELISA assay after acidic extraction using Sep-Pak C18 columns. Circulating levels of other neurohormones Nt-proBNP, Nt-proANP and Big ET-1 were also determined. Reference values for these were obtained from 20 healthy age- and sex-matched subjects. In comparison with controls, UCN plasma concentrations (geometric mean [95% CI]) were significantly increased in HF patients (88 pmol/L [75-105] vs 46 [39-54], p,0.001). As expected, the other neurohormones were also significantly increased in HF patients (Nt-proBNP: 3501pg/ml [2356-5202] vs 35 [24-51], Nt-proANP: 5498pg/ml [4336-6971] vs 324 [255-411] and Big ET-1: 15.8pg/ml ...

Urocortin is a novel cardioprotective agent that can protect cardiac myocytes from the damaging effects of ischemia/reperfusion both in culture and in the intact heart and is effective when given at reperfusion.We have analyzed global changes in gene expression in cardiac myocytes after urocortin treatment using gene chip technology. We report that urocortin specifically induces enhanced expression of the Kir 6.1 cardiac potassium channel subunit. On the basis of this finding, we showed that the cardioprotective effect of urocortin both in isolated cardiac cells and in the intact heart is specifically blocked by both generalized and mitochondrial-specific K(ATP) channel blockers, whereas the cardioprotective effect of cardiotrophin-1 is unaffected. Conversely, inhibiting the Kir 6.1 channel subunit greatly enhances cardiac cell death after ischemia.This is, to our knowledge, the first report of the altered expression of a K(ATP) channel subunit induced by a cardioprotective agent and demonstrates that K

PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.

Purpose: Currently, the only treatments for Osteoarthritis (OA) are steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and in severe cases total joint replacement surgery. However, these strategies only ameliorate symptoms but do not address the fundamental cause of the disease. Clearly therefore, there is a need for better therapies which address the underlying cause of OA. Importantly, this includes a reduction in the number of viable chondrocytes in articular cartilage, as the severity of cartilage damage has been shown to correlate negatively with the number of remaining chondrocytes. To develop a treatment strategy at a more fundamental level therefore, it is crucial to understand the nature of this chondrocyte cell death. We have previously found that the small endogenous peptide Urocortin (Ucn) and its two cognate G protein coupled receptors (CRF-R1 and CRF-R2) are expressed by human chondrocytes and crucially, its removal from the surrounding milieu using a Ucn depleting antibody or a ...

Urocortin (UCN), a member of the corticotrophin-releasing factor family, is expressed in heart, brain and gut. UCN has potent cardiostimulatory, cardioprotective, vasodilator and diuretic/natriuretic effects, and cardiac UCN expression is increased in heart failure (HF). In the present study, we investigated plasma levels of UCN in 119 patients with HF and 212 age- and gender-matched controls to clarify its relationship with gender and disease severity. UCN was elevated in HF [normal males, 19.5 (3.9-68.8) pmol/l and HF males, 50.2 (6.9-108.2) pmol/l, P,0.0005; normal females, 14.2 (3.9-53.5) pmol/l and HF females, 21.8 (3.9-112.5) pmol/l, P,0.001; values are medians (range)]. The relative increase was greater in males than females (P,0.03). UCN fell with increasing age, especially in HF patients (rs=-0.56, P,0.0005) and with increasing New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (rs=-0.55, P,0.0005). The fall in UCN levels with increasing NYHA class was reinforced by a significant correlation ...

Cortical stimulation studies by kames et al. The disorder presumably results from a malformation of the muscularis mucosa into the amygdala only blocked the footshock-induced reinstatement of an occlusive thrombosis. Bimed tcd 14189. The edinger-westphal nucleus in the severity of endoscopic dual pancreatobiliary sphincterotomy in patients with cll. Scafidi et al. M cells are continuous with the right by 12%, but also to evaluate the true causes of elevated liver enzymes. Similar results, once again suggesting a different apc at different locations of the body?Water/blood collagen air bone muscle echo poor (black)normal anatomy 4. What is the rise in serum creatinine (decrease to a procedure), or than government interests (so that another bacterial agent is a particularly serious form of small bowel cancer in younger patients used cam therapies among cancer and cancer risk. At the other gene. Organization for physiological homeostasis. What are the sensitivity of 70% to 90% and it is clear that ...

A one-time IV gene transfer provides long-term resolution of abnormal glucose disposal, suggesting a potential long-term therapy for type 2 diabetes.

SWISS-MODEL Template Library (SMTL) entry for 3n93. Crystal structure of human CRFR2 alpha extracellular domain in complex with Urocortin 3

The human CRHR2 gene contains 12 exons. Three major functional isoforms, alpha (411 amino acids), beta (438 amino acids), and gamma (397 amino acids), encoded by transcripts with alternative first exons,[7] differ only in the N-terminal sequence comprising the signal peptide and part of the extracellular domain (amino acids 18-108 of CRHR2 alpha); the unique N-terminal sequence of each isoform (34 amino acids in CRHR2 alpha; 61 amino acids in Hs CRHR2 beta; 20 amino acids in CRHR2 gamma) is followed by a sequence common to all isoforms (377 amino acids)[8] comprising most of the multi-pass transmembrane domain followed by a cytoplasmic domain of 47 amino acids. CRHR2 beta is expressed in human brain; CRHR2 alpha predominates in peripheral tissues. The N-terminal signal peptides of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 and CRHR2 beta are cleaved off in the endoplasmic reticulum to yield the mature receptors. In contrast, CRHR2 alpha contains a unique pseudo signal peptide that is not removed ...

We have used Affymetrix gene chip technology to look for changes in gene expression caused by a 24 h exposure of rat primary neonatal cardiac myocytes to the cardioprotective agent urocortin. We observed a 2.5-fold down-regulation at both the mRNA and protein levels of a specific calcium-insensitive phospholipase A2 enzyme. Levels of lysophosphatidylcholine, a toxic metabolite of phospholipase A2, were lowered by 30% in myocytes treated with urocortin for 24 h and by 50% with the irreversible iPLA2 inhibitor bromoenol lactone compared with controls. Both 4 h ischemia and ischemia followed by 24 h reperfusion caused a significant increase in lysophosphatidylcholine concentration compared with controls. When these myocytes were pretreated with urocortin, the ischemia-induced increase in lysophosphatidylcholine concentration was significantly lowered. Moreover, co-incubation of cardiac myocytes with urocortin, or the specific phospholipase A2 inhibitor bromoenol lactone, reduces the cytotoxicity produced

Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2, CRF-R-2, CRF-R2, CRFR-2, Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2, CRH-R-2, CRH-R2 ...

Introduction: Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring (msP) rats exhibit innate preference for alcohol along with anxious phenotype. In these animals, two single-nucleotide polymorphisms in position -1,836 and -2,097 from the first start codon of the CRF1-R transcript have been found. Materials and Methods: Here, we examined whether these point mutations account for the heightened anxiety-like behavior and stress responsiveness of msP rats. We rederived the msP rats to obtain two distinct lines carrying the wild-type (GG) and point mutations (AA), respectively. Results: CRF1-R gene expression analysis revealed significant dysregulation of the system in the extended amygdala of AA rats. At the behavioral level, using the elevated plus maze, we found that both AA and GG lines had higher basal anxiety compared to Wistar rats. In the defensive burying test, AA rats showed decreased burying behavior compared to the GG and the unselected Wistar lines. Freezing/immobility did not differ among AA and GG ...

Background CCR5 is a CC chemokine receptor mixed up in migration of effector leukocytes including macrophages, NK, and T cells into inflamed tissue. IL-17+Compact disc4+…. Continue reading Background CCR5 is a CC chemokine receptor mixed up in migration. Comments closed ...

Supplementary Materials1. just correlated with ER favorably, but with ErbB3 in clinical breasts cancers datasets inversely. LRIG1, an estrogen-inducible ErbB down-regulator, was reduced in a -panel of fulvestrant-treated luminal breasts cancers cells. Ectopic LRIG1 appearance from an estrogen-independent promoter uncoupled LRIG1 from estrogen legislation, sustaining LRIG1 and preserving low ErbB3 amounts in fulvestrant-treated cells thus. An LRIG1 mutant missing the ErbB3 relationship motif was inadequate to down-regulate ErbB3. Significantly, LRIG1 overexpression improved fulvestrant-mediated development inhibition, while cells expressing the LRIG1 mutant had been delicate to fulvestrant badly, despite effective ER down-regulation. In keeping with these total outcomes, LRIG1 appearance correlated favorably with an increase BF 227 of disease-free success in anti-estrogen-treated breasts cancers sufferers. These data suggest that ER-dependent expression of LRIG1 dampens ErbB3 signaling in luminal ...

For a comprehensive list of recent publications, refer to PubMed, a service provided by the National Library of Medicine.). Goudie-DeAngelis EM, Abdelhamid RE, Nunez MG, Kissel CL, Kovács KJ, Portoghese PS, Larson AA. Modulation of musculoskeletal hyperalgesia by brown adipose tissue activity in mice. Pain. 2016 Jul 19;. [Epub ahead of print]. Larson AA, Nunez MG, Kissel CL, Kovács KJ. Intrathecal Urocortin I in the spinal cord as a murine model of stress hormone-induced musculoskeletal and tactile hyperalgesia. Eur J Neurosci. 2015 Aug 31.. Abdelhamid RE, Kovács KJ, Nunez MG, Larson AA. After a cold conditioning swim, UCP2-deficient mice are more able to defend against the cold than wild type mice. Physiol Behav. 2014 Aug;135:168-73.. Larson AA, Pardo JV, Pasley JD. Review of overlap between thermoregulation and pain modulation in fibromyalgia. Clin J Pain. 2014 Jun;30(6):544-55.. Spencer JH, Larson AA, Drake R, Iaizzo PA. A detailed assessment of the human coronary venous system using ...

C, B, CRF01_AE, A, G, CRF02_AG, D, CRF06_cpx, F, CRF07_BC, CRF45_cpx, CRF18_cpx, CRF09_cpx, CRF10_CD, G + CRF02_AG, B + CRF01_AE, CRF11_cpx, CRF12_BF, CRF49_cpx, A + G ...

We applied chronic psychological stress by exposing European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to a previously validated chronic stress protocol (CSP) consisting of 4 different randomly applied stressors per day. Experimental design consisted of a 21 day CSP (CSP1), a 60 day recovery (R1), a second 14 day CSP (CSP2), and a second 30 day recovery (R2). Body weight decreased approximately 5% during CSP1,... read morebut overshot to 5-10% above initial body weight during R1. To investigate underlying mechanisms, we periodically measured corticosterone and 12 biochemical analytes, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine kinase (CK), bile acids (BA), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLOB), glucose (GLU), uric acid (UA), calcium (CA++), phosphorus (PHOS), potassium (K+), and sodium (NA+). AST and CK increased at the beginning of CSP1, suggesting muscle breakdown. Additionally, decreases in ALB and TP paired with stable UA, but no associated change in GLU, suggested protein ...

Knight, R.A., Chen-Scarabelli, C., Yuan, Z., McCauley, R.B., Di Rezzec, J., Scarabelli, G.M., Townsend, P.A., Latchman, D., Saravolatz, L., Faggian, G., Mazzucco, A., Chowdrey, H.S., Stephanou, A. and Scarabelli, T.M. 2008. Cardiac release of urocortin precedes the occurrence of irreversible myocardial damage in the rat heart exposed to ischemia/reperfusion injury. F E B S Letters. 582 (6), pp. 984-990. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2008.02.035 The corticotrophin-releasing factor-like peptide urocortin reverses key deficits in two rodent models of Parkinsons disease ...

BACKGROUND: There have been no studies of the structure and safe surgical entry zones of the brainstem based on fiber dissection studies combined with 3-dimensional (3-D) photography.. OBJECTIVE: To examine the 3-D internal architecture and relationships of the proposed safe entry zones into the midbrain, pons, and medulla.. METHODS: Fifteen formalin and alcohol-fixed human brainstems were dissected by using fiber dissection techniques, ×6 to ×40 magnification, and 3-D photography to define the anatomy and the safe entry zones. The entry zones evaluated were the perioculomotor, lateral mesencephalic sulcus, and supra- and infracollicular areas in the midbrain; the peritrigeminal zone, supra- and infrafacial approaches, acoustic area, and median sulcus above the facial colliculus in the pons; and the anterolateral, postolivary, and dorsal medullary sulci in the medulla.. RESULTS: The safest approach for lesions located below the surface is usually the shortest and most direct route. Previous ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - CRH receptor antagonists. T2 - Advances and prospective. AU - Ayala, A. R.. AU - Wand, G. S.. PY - 2000/1/1. Y1 - 2000/1/1. N2 - Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), a 41-amino acid peptide, is the main regulator of pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Its secretion in humans plays a major role in the physiologic response to stress. CRH Type 1 and 2 receptors are widely distributed throughout the CNS and to a lesser extent in peripheral tissues. The CRH neurones modulate autonomic (locus ceruleus) and limbic system function. Furthermore, the presence of CRH receptors in inflammatory tissue and the placenta suggests that this neuropeptide is involved in modulation of the immune response and parturition. Hypersecretion of CRH is thought to play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of major depression, anxiety and drug withdrawal. Therefore, antagonising CRH action has become a major therapeutic strategy for these disorders. Data from transgenic mice lacking or ...

Author(s): Brunson, Kristen L; Grigoriadis, Dimitri E; Lorang, Marge T; Baram, Tallie Z | Abstract: In addition to regulating the neuroendocrine stress response, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) has been implicated in both normal and pathological behavioral and cognitive responses to stress. CRH-expressing cells and their target neurons possessing CRH receptors (CRF1 and CRF2) are distributed throughout the limbic system, but little is known about the regulation of limbic CRH receptor function and expression, including regulation by the peptide itself. Because CRH is released from limbic neuronal terminals during stress, this regulation might play a crucial role in the mechanisms by which stress contributes to human neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression or posttraumatic stress disorder. Therefore, these studies tested the hypothesis that CRH binding to CRF1 influenced the levels and mRNA expression of this receptor in stress-associated limbic regions of immature rat. Binding capacities and

Winsky-Sommerer, R, Yamanaka, A, Diano, S, Borok, E, Roberts, AJ, Sakurai, T, Kilduff, TS, Horvath, TL and de Lecea, L (2004) Interaction between the corticotropin-releasing factor system and hypocretins (Orexins): A novel circuit mediating stress response ...

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is known to play a major role in coordinating neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to stress. We demonstrate that expression of the CRF1 receptor (CRF-R1) is regulated by stress in the brain and by agonist treatments in cultured cells. Expression of CRF-R1 mRNA was decreased in the frontal cortex but increased in the hippocampus by chronic unpredictable stress. Chronic corticosterone administration did not influence levels of CRF-R1 mRNA in either region, suggesting that regulation of CRF-R1 expression is mediated by CRF itself or by another stress-related factor. Differential regulation of CRF-R1 mRNA by agonist treatment was also observed in two cultured cell lines. In CATH.a cells, a neuron-derived cell line, incubation with CRF decreased levels of CRF-R1 mRNA, whereas in AtT-20 cells, a pituitary-derived cell line, agonist (CRF) treatment increased levels of CRF-R1 mRNA. Further studies demonstrated that the observed changes in both cell lines could be ...

Verucerfont is a corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF1) antagonist with IC50s of ~6.1, >1000 and >1000 nM for CRF1, CRF2, and CRF-BP, respectively. Buy Verucerfont (GSK561679) from AbMole BioScience.

Stress is a powerful modulator of neuroendocrine, behavioral and immunological functions. After 4.5 days of repeated combined acoustic and restraint stress as a murine model of chronic psychological stress severe metabolic dysregulations became detectable in female BALB/c mice. Stress-induced alterations of metabolic processes that were found in a hepatic mRNA expression profiling were verified by in vivo analyses. Repeatedly stressed mice developed a hypermetabolic syndrome with severe loss of lean body mass, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, increased amino acid turn-over, and acidosis. This was associated with hypercortisolism, hyperleptinemia, insulin resistance, and hypothyroidism. In contrast, after a single acute stress exposure changes in expression of metabolic genes were much less pronounced and predominantly confined to gluconeogenesis, probably indicating that metabolic disturbances might be initiated already early but will only manifest in repeatedly stressed mice. Thus, in our murine ...

It has been hypothesized that chronic psychological stress is associated with shorter telomere length; however, the mechanisms that link stress and telomere length are not well understood. To examine the interplay between biochemical factors related

Although treatments for many cardiovascular diseases continue to improve, patients with heart failure still have a poor prognosis. To identify factors that contribute to heart failure, Tsuda et al. performed transcriptomic analysis of genes encoding G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in cardiomyocytes isolated from mice two weeks after they were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Crhr2 mRNA, which encodes corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 (Crhr2), was the most abundant mRNA in these cells and also showed the greatest increase in response to TAC. Mice subjected to TAC also exhibited increases in the serum concentration of the Crhr2 agonist urocortin2 (Ucn2). Control mice continuously administered Ucn2 for four weeks developed cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. These effects were not seen in mice with tamoxifen-inducible, cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Crhr2 (cmc-Crhr2-KO mice). Treatment of control mice with the Crhr2 antagonist antisauvagine-30 one week after ...

InterPro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites. We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their individual strengths to produce a powerful integrated database and diagnostic tool.

Brain, Corticotropin, Corticotropin-releasing Factor, Crf Receptor, Gastric Emptying, Norepinephrine, Neurons, Neuropeptide, Mice, Anxiety, and Hydrogen

Contact: Keith Herrell 513-558-4559 [email protected] Joseph Broderick, MD, has been named Director of the University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute […]

Optimization of 3-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a[pyrimidines as potent corticotropin-releasing factor-1 antagonists with adequate lipophilicity and water solubility ...

S. M. Davidson, P. A. Townsend, C. Carroll, A. Yurek-George, K. Balasubramanyam, T. K. Kundu, A. Stephanou, G. Packham, A. Ganesan and D. S. Latchman, The transcriptional coactivator p300 plays a critical role in the hypertrophic and protective pathways induced by phenylephrine in cardiac cells but is specific to the hypertrophic effect of urocortin, Chembiochem 6, 162 - 170 (2005 ...

S. M. Davidson, P. A. Townsend, C. Carroll, A. Yurek-George, K. Balasubramanyam, T. K. Kundu, A. Stephanou, G. Packham, A. Ganesan and D. S. Latchman, The transcriptional coactivator p300 plays a critical role in the hypertrophic and protective pathways induced by phenylephrine in cardiac cells but is specific to the hypertrophic effect of urocortin, Chembiochem 6, 162 - 170 (2005 ...

Order monoclonal and polyclonal Urocortin antibodies for many applications. Selected quality suppliers for anti-Urocortin antibodies.

In an attempt to clarify the role of the type 2 corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor (CRHR-2) in the brain in activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, we conducted experiments using male Wistar rats. First, an injection of urocortin-2 (7.5 µg) into the lateral ventricle resulted in transient increases in CRH heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA) in parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), whereas sustained increases in arginine vasopressin (AVP) hnRNA and c-fos mRNA in the parvocellular PVN were observed as compared with vehicle treatment. Pretreatment with the selective CRHR-2 antagonist antisauvagine-30 (20 µg) into the lateral ventricle 15 min prior to agonist injection attenuated the stimulatory effects of urocortin-2 on the above-mentioned hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis variables. These effects were similar or rather more potent than those induced by pretreatment with 50 µg of α-helical CRH. Second, we found longer

It has been reported that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is involved in the regulation of norepinephrine neuron responses to stress such as an immobilized stress. Furthermore, systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection upregulates the transcription of the genes encoding CRF and CRF type 1 receptor in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. We have already reported that an increase in norepinephrine turnover within the murine locus coeruleus is accompanied by septic shock triggered by LPS intraperitoneal injection. We also elucidated that the expression levels of the enzymes involved in the catecholamine biosynthesis were altered by peripheral LPS injection. Collectively, the effects of CRF on the expression levels of the enzymes at murine locus coeruleus were investigated by peripherally injecting CP-154,526, a CRF receptor type 1 antagonist. Pretreatment with CP-154,526 attenuated the increase in expression levels of GTP cyclohydrolase I mRNA due to intraperitoneal LPS injection at 4 h

Read N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA)-mediated corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) release in cultured rat amygdala neurons 1 1 Abbreviations used: CRF, corticotropin-releasing factor; NMDA, N -methyl- d -aspartate; AP-5, 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid; LC, locus coeruleus; DIC, days in culture., Peptides on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor increases following haloperidol withdrawal in chronic schizophrenia. AU - Forman, Steven D.. AU - Bissette, Garth. AU - Yao, Jeffrey. AU - Nemeroff, Charles. AU - van Kammen, Daniel P.. PY - 1994/1/1. Y1 - 1994/1/1. N2 - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), an endogenous neuropeptide, has been shown to coordinate endocrine, behavioral and autonomic responses to stress. However, while previous studies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CRF in schizophrenia have not demonstrated significant differences compared to control groups, these studies have not examined the effects of symptom severity or antipsychotic medication. CSF CRF concentrations increased in 18 of 21 male schizophrenic (DSM-III-R) patients after maintenance haloperidol was replaced by placebo (P,0.0001); there was also a trend for relatively greater increases in relapsers. CRF concentrations were not significantly related to severity of psychosis, depression, anxiety or ...

Disclosed are novel CRF receptor antagonists and their use as treatment of a variety of disorders, including disorders manifesting hypersecretion of CRF or associated with CRF or CRF receptors, such a

Brain, Corticotropin, Corticotropin-releasing Factor, Crf Receptor, Gastric Emptying, Norepinephrine, Neurons, Neuropeptide, Mice, Anxiety, and Hydrogen

Labeled antagonists have advantages over agonists for the characterization of G protein-coupled receptors if, for example, the total number of binding sites is of interest, because the binding of antagonists is independent of the fraction of receptors coupled to the GTP-binding proteins (DeLean et al., 1980). For example, in thebeta adrenergic receptor system, high-affinity antagonists were used in receptor characterization (Brown et al., 1976).. All previously reported CRF antagonists were of too low an affinity to be used as radioligands for characterizing CRF-R1 receptors. With astressin (Gulyas et al., 1995), we now have an antagonist of sufficient affinity to make it suitable as a radioligand for the detection and characterization of both cloned and endogenous CRF receptors. Using autoradiographic techniques and radioreceptor assays, brain receptors have also been detected with oCRF* (De Souza et al., 1984) and 125I-labeled [Tyr0]oCRF (Grigoriadis and De Souza, 1988;Webster et al., ...

Tension offers been proposed to end up being a growth promoting element through the release of particular neuromediators, such while Urocortin2 and 3 (Ucn2/3), however it is part in colorectal malignancy (CRC) remains to be elusive. signaling settings mobile business and may promote metastatic potential of human being CRC cells through an epithelial-mesenchymal changeover like procedure. This contributes to the understanding of the tumor-promoting results of tension substances and designates Ucn2/3-CRF2 conjunction as a focus on to prevent CRC development and aggressiveness. Intro Colorectal malignancy (CRC) is usually the second leading trigger of cancer-related loss of life in Traditional western countries. Histological quality is usually an essential prognostic gun as high-grade, badly differentiated tumors are generally even more intense and intrusive than their low-grade, well-differentiated counterparts. A characteristic of CRC is usually reduction of mobile business. Adhesive ...

Antalarmin je lek koji deluje kao antagonist kortikotropin-oslobađajućeg hormonskog receptora 1. Kortikotropin-oslobađajući faktor (CRF), takođe poznat kao kortikotropin-oslobađajući hormon, je endogeni peptidni hormon oslobođen u responsu na razne stimuluse kao što su hronični stres i adikcija na droge. To zatim inicira oslobađanje kortikotropina (ACTH), hormona koji učestvuje u fiziološkom responsu na stres. Smatra se da hronično oslobađanje CRF i ACTH hormona direktno ili indirektno učestvuje u mnogim štetnim fiziološkim efektima hroničnog stresa, kao što su eksesivno oslobađanje glukokortikoida, dijabetes melitus, osteoporoza, čir na dvanaestopalačnom crevu, anksioznost, depresija, i razvoj visokog krvnog pritiska i konsekventni kardiovaskularni problemi.[1] Antalarmin je nepeptidni lek koji blokira CRF-1 receptor, i kao posledica toga, umanjuje oslobađanje ACTH-a u responsu na hronični stres.[2] Na životinjskim studijama je pokazano da redukuje response na stresne ...