Primary tuberculosis is a term to describe few residual bacilli who survive the action of macrophages and T cells and lay dormant in the Ghon complex. Ghon complex may present as lesion in the upper part of the lower lobe. There will be a calcified lesion with enlarged caseous hilar lymph nodes. Chest x ray may reveal calcified Ghon complex ...

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Transfer factor was administered to a patient with progressive primary tuberculosis who failed to respond to antituberculous therapy and in whom a defect in cellular immunity to tuberculous infection was shown by in-vivo and in-vitro studies of cell-mediated immunity. The administration of transfer factor to this patient resulted in the development of immunologic reactivity, which was accompanied by dramatic improvement of her clinical condition. This observation strongly suggests that transfer factor in conjunction with antituberculous therapy was instrumental in the resolution of the patients infection. ...

In Immunocompromised, malnourished children or in the elderly; the primary infection cannot be controlled resulting in continued proliferation of bacilli and destruction of the ...

Introduction: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) arising in extra-oral region in head and neck are rare, and when swellings arise from other sites such as infraorbital region, cheek, etc, tuberculosis is not usually considered for the differential diagnosis (DD) and often the diagnosis is missed and appropriate treatment is delayed. Case Report: We report a rare entity of primary tuberculosis, which presented as infraorbital swelling and our technique of performing sublabial approach to the swelling with endoscopic guided excision of the swelling and also we have review of literature of similar cases of primary tuberculosis presenting as swelling over the face over the past 5 year. Conclusion: Primary EPTB should be considered as DD in cases of chronic facial swelling.

The distribution and expression of CD40, its ligand CD40L (154) and related cytokines interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were studied in the lungs of B6D2F1 hybrid mice during slowly progressive primary tuberculosis (TB) by immunohistochemistry. CD40 and CD40L are implicated in cell-mediated immunity (CMI) causing activation or apoptosis of infected cells. The phenomenon of apoptosis is associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival. In this study, using frozen lung sections (n = 33), our results showed increased CD40, IL-12 and TGF-β1 expression in macrophages with progression of disease. High percentages of mycobacterial antigens (M.Ags), CD40L and IFN-γ expression were maintained throughout infection, and TNF-α-expressing cells were decreased. In lymphocytes, the percentage of IFN-γ-positive cells was increased, but CD40L and IL-12 were maintained with the progression of disease. M.Ags, CD40 ...

The lungs are the most common site of primary infection by tuberculosis and are a major source of spread of the disease and of individual morbidity and mortality. This case assumed to be a post primary tuberculosis. The features of primary and...

Drug-induced gingival enlargement is an iatrogenic condition which is usually not preventable. Certain factors like thorough tooth brushing, proper or..

ACUTE MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS |PathogenesisHilar lymphadenopathy occurs in cases of primary tuberculosis. In course of time these lymph nodes becomecascous

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Gingival Enlargement is a term used to describe Gingival Hypertrophy or Gingival Hyperplasia which is a proliferative fibrous lesion of the Gingiva which causes esthetic and functional concerns to the patient. Drug induced Gingival enlargement is a chronic condition where prolonged use of certain Drugs or medicines leads to Gingival enlargement as aside effect. Due [&hellip

This chapter focuses on the fundamental nature of exposure and infection of pediatric tuberculosis, emphasizing how and why children should be approached differently from adults. The effects of these differences on the public health approach to tuberculosis control in children are also explained in the chapter. Disease occurs when signs or symptoms or radiographic manifestations caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis become apparent. Infants are more likely to experience signs and symptoms, probably because of their small airway diameters relative to the parenchymal and lymph node changes in primary tuberculosis. The hallmark of primary pulmonary tuberculosis is the relatively large size and importance of the lymphadenitis compared with the less significant size of the initial parenchymal focus. The most common manifestations are at the anatomic site of the existing tuberculosis, but new onset of tuberculomas, lymphadenopathy, and abdominal manifestations can occur. As with tuberculin skin test (TSTs),

Gingival enlargement, (also termed gingival overgrowth, hypertrophic gingivitis, gingival hyperplasia, or gingival hypertrophy, and sometimes abbreviated to GO), is an increase in the size of the gingiva (gums). It is a common feature of gingival disease. Gingival enlargement can be caused by a number of factors, including inflammatory conditions and the side effects of certain medications. The treatment is based on the cause. A closely related term is epulis, denoting a localized tumor (i.e. lump) on the gingiva. The terms gingival hyperplasia and gingival hypertrophy have been used to describe this topic in the past. These are not precise descriptions of gingival enlargement because these terms are strictly histologic diagnoses, and such diagnoses require microscopic analysis of a tissue sample. Hyperplasia refers to an increased number of cells, and hypertrophy refers to an increase in the size of individual cells. As these identifications obviously cannot be performed with a clinical ...

مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی بیرجند . داراي رتبه علمي- پژوهشي از كميسيون نشريات علوم پزشكي كشور Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciencesfrom iran

Gingival enlargement is one of the most common soft tissue problems associated with fixed orthodontic treatment. The presence of orthodontic appliances impedes oral hygiene measures and alters the oral microbial ecosystem to a more pathogenic oral biofilm. Subsequent accumulation of plaque can contribute to development of chronic periodontal inflammation and can progress to gingival enlargement. Gingival enlargement inhibits hygiene measures, slows down orthodontic tooth movement and cause aesthetic and functional problems. Management of gingival enlargement by non-surgical periodontal treatment is considered to be most important and effective. Optimal plaque control can be maintained by meticulous brushing, flossing and professional scaling. However, motivation of maintaining oral hygiene can be disappointing in some patients. In cases that the enlarged gingivae became fibrous, surgical treatment can be considered.. Traditionally, gingivectomy was performed using scalpel under local ...

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