BACKGROUND: Little is known about the expression of inhibitory molecules cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed-death-1 (PD-1) on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific CD4 T-cells and how their expression is impacted by TB treatment.. METHODS: Cryopreserved PBMCs from HIV-TB co-infected and TB mono-infected patients with untreated and treated tuberculosis (TB) disease were stimulated for six hours with PPD and stained. Using polychromatic flow cytometry, we characterized the differentiation state, cytokine profile, and inhibitory molecule expression on PPD-specific CD4 T-cells.. RESULTS: In our HIV-TB co-infected cohort, TB treatment increased the proportion of PPD-specific CD4 T-cells co-producing IFN-γ+IL-2+TNF-α+ and IFN-γ+IL-2+ (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0002, respectively) while decreasing the proportion of PPD-specific CD4 T-cells co-producing IFN-γ+MIP1-β+TNF-α+ and IFN-γ+MIP1-β+. The proportion of PPD-specific CD4 T-cells expressing an effector memory phenotype ...

1 Answer - Posted in: tuberculin purified protein derivative - Answer: Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) is used to detect a ...

The accuracy of skin testing to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) infection is dependent upon the hosts ability to mount a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction; however, the DTH response may be impaired or absent in patients with impaired cell-mediated immunity, a classic characteristic of HIV infection. Patients in whom immunity is diminished, but not absent, may test negative the first time a purified protein derivative skin test for MTb is administered, but if the same skin test is repeated, a positive DTH response may then be elicited. This occurrence is known as the booster phenomenon.. Patients who have had a negative purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test for M. tuberculosis within 7-28 days prior to study entry will receive a second PPD test by the Mantoux method (5 TU intradermally to the volar aspect of the forearm). Skin tests will be read 48-72 hours after application. Patients with a positive skin test (defined as an induration, or small hard knot, of 5 mm or ...

Results The proportion of participants with a CD8+ PPD-specific IFN-γ (p=0.001) or TNF-α (p=0.006) response closely mirrored stage of TB disease, whereas the equivalent CD4 response was unaffected. The proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ PPD-specific cells increased with TB stage for IFN-γ and TNF-α, but did not increase in HIV/TB co-infection compared with TB (Abstract S43 figure 1). When individual cytokine subsets were examined, the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α or dual responses was higher in all participants with TB compared with LTBI. CD4+IL-2+ cells were reduced by HIV co-infection, especially IFN-γ+/IL-2+ cells (p=0.008) and this was apparent as a proportion of total cytokine response (p=0.016). ...

Objectives: To investigate the safety and immunogenicity of a booster BCG vaccination delivered intradermally in healthy, BCG vaccinated subjects and to compare with a previous clinical trial where BCG vaccinated subjects were boosted with a new TB vaccine, MVA85A. Design: Phase I open label observational trial, in the UK. Healthy, HIV-negative, BCG vaccinated adults were recruited and vaccinated with BCG. The primary outcome was safety; the secondary outcome was cellular immune responses to antigen 85, overlapping peptides of antigen 85A and tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) detected by ex vivo interferongamma (IFN-c) ELISpot assay and flow cytometry. Results and Conclusions: BCG revaccination (BCG-BCG) was well tolerated, and boosting of pre-existing PPD-specific T cell responses was observed. However, when these results were compared with data from a previous clinical trial, where BCG was boosted with MVA85A (BCG-MVA85A), MVA85A induced significantly higher levels (.2-fold) of ...

PPD-8 was signed on March 30, 2011. Some are suggesting it has it sources in the Preparedness Task Force of last fall! For a text copy go to: http://www.fema.gov/txt/preparednesstaskforce/perspective_on_preparedness.txt For another version write to me. See also:http://www.hlswatch.com/2010/10/27/beyond-72-hours/ Personally I believe both the task force report and the new PPD-8 are pablum. But I did find…

TY - JOUR. T1 - The incidence of tuberculosis in drug users with small tuberculin reaction sizes. AU - Klein, R. S.. AU - Gourevitch, M. N.. AU - Teeter, R.. AU - Schoenbaum, E. E.. PY - 2001. Y1 - 2001. N2 - SETTING: In persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a decreased tuberculin reaction cut-point of ≥5 mm induration is recommended. OBJECTIVE: To determine tuberculosis risk in non-anergic HIV-infected persons with 5-9 mm tuberculin reactions. DESIGN: A prospective study with semi-annual tuberculin and anergy testing, HIV antibody and T cell subset assays, and active surveillance for tuberculosis. RESULTS: Participants were 572 HIV-seronegative and 241 HIV-seropositive non-anergic drug users. No tuberculosis occurred in HIV-seronegative persons. Tuberculosis incidence among HIV-seropositive drug users was 3.3, 7.7, 0, and 0.34 per 100 person-years in those with tuberculin reaction sizes of ≥10 mm, 5-9 mm, 1-4 mm, and 0 mm, respectively, and was significantly ...

Administration of the test. Tuberculin skin test (TST) is an intradermal injection. It is performed by injecting 0.1 ml of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) into the inner surface of the forearm. The injection should be made with a tuberculin syringe, with the needle bevel facing upward. When placed correctly, the injection should produce a pale elevation of the skin (a wheal) 6 to 10 mm in diameter.. Principle:. Tuberculin skin test is the classic clinical demonstration of the function of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response . When a antigen i.e protein purified derivative (PPD) of tubercle bacilli is injected intradermally in an individual , immune response of person who has been exposed to the bacteria is expected to mount within 48-72 hrs leading to the formation of induration (a raised bump in the area of injection) which is due to the influx and activation of macrophages.. Test Procedure :. ...

The trial is designed to investigate the sensitivity of C-Tb using various sizes of cut-off of induration in a double blind randomised, split-body study comparing 0.1 µg/0.1 mL C-Tb with the reference agent 2 T.U. Tuberculin PPD RT23 SSI. (Each volunteer receives the C-Tb agent in one arm and 2 T.U. Tuberculin PPD RT 23 SSI in the other arm). Two groups of adult patients recently diagnosed with active TB will be investigated; patients in the main group will NOT have a co-infection with HIV and patients in the second group will have a co-infection with HIV.. The C-Tb and 2 TU Tuberculin PPD RT 23 SSI agents are given concomitantly to each volunteer in the RIGHT AND LEFT forearms according to a double blind randomisation scheme.. The primary objectives are to assess the sensitivity of the C-Tb test as a function of the cut-off value (i.e., the smallest size of induration measured in mm resulting in a positive outcome of the C-Tb test) when the test is administered intradermally by the Mantoux ...

It is suggested that multiple puncture tuberculin reactions be interpreted in 2 classes : papular, representative of cross-reactions; and confluent, indicating specific infection with M . tuberculosis.

Tuberculin, also known as purified protein derivative is a combination of proteins that are used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. This use is referred to

If youve worked in a health care facility, youve probably been given the tuberculin skin test. You get a little injection under the top layer of your skin, forming a bubble, and an allergic reaction means youve been infected in the past by the tubercle bacillus, or Mycobacterium tuberculosis as we now know it. If…

Table of Contents for Europe Tuberculin Market by Manufacturers, Countries, Type and Application, Forecast to 2022 by Global Info Research Available at market-research-reports.com.

Semantic Scholar extracted view of Tetrabromphenolphthalein-ethylester-kalium reaction and tuberculin activity. III. Influence of physical and chemical treatments. by Koichi Takeya

நோயைக் கண்டு பிடிக்க நெஞ்சில் X-கதிர் படப்பிடிப்பு, தோலில் செய்யப்படும் டியூபர்க்குலின் (Tuberculin) பரிசோதனை, உடல் நீர்மங்களின்நுண்ணுயிர் வளர்ப்பு மெய்த்தேர்வு (பரிசோதனை) என்பன பயன்படுத்தப்படுகின்றன. இந்த நோயைக் குணப்படுத்த கூட்டாக பல்வேறு நுண்ணுயிர்கொல்லிகள் இணைத்து, நீண்ட காலத்துக்கு கொடுக்கிறார்கள். ஆனால் தற்போது பயன்பாட்டிலுள்ள அனைத்து நுண்ணுயிர் கொல்லிகளையும் ...

CDC Split Type: WAES0810USA00220. Write-up: Information has been received from a physician concerning a 42 year old male surgeon with no allergies or medical history who on 22-SEP-2008 was vaccinated subcutaneously in the left arm with a suspected 0.5 ml second dose of MMR II (lot # 656428/0203U). Concomitant therapy included a dose of tuberculin purified protein derivative in the right arm. Five days later, on 27-SEP-2008, the patient developed malaise, tiredness and possibly fever. On 29-SEP-2008 the patient developed soreness and achiness up and down triceps of his left arm. Unspecified medical attention was received in the physicians office. The patient is taking 1600 mg of ibuprofen daily. A complete blood count was drawn and the results are pending. The patient was reported as not recovered from malaise, tiredness, possibly fever and soreness and achiness up and down triceps of left arm. The reporter stated since the patient was a surgeon there was some mild disability. A product ...

Detailed dosage guidelines and administration information for Tubersol (tuberculin purified protein derivative). Includes dose adjustments, warnings and precautions.

Zantac - The injection of a depressing dose of tuberculin into the dogs with the adrenals removed caused a marked drop with a much delayed response in the return to the previous pressure level.

Looking for online definition of PPD tuberculin in the Medical Dictionary? PPD tuberculin explanation free. What is PPD tuberculin? Meaning of PPD tuberculin medical term. What does PPD tuberculin mean?

Furiex Pharmaceuticals has reported top-line results from the phase II trial of the investigational drug PPD-10558 in patients with statin-associated myalgia, or SAM. PPD-10558 did not meet its primary efficacy endpoint in this randomized, double-blind, proof-of-concept study. The study enrolled patients with high cholesterol and a prior history of SAM, and evaluated recurrence rates for SAM over a twelve-week treatment period across the following three different treatment regimens: placebo; PPD-10558; and atorvastatin (Lipitor). Patients did not report any significant differences in muscle symptoms, nor did they drop out due to SAM in significantly different percentages, among the three regimens. As expected, however, PPD-10558, a novel statin, did significantly lower LDL-cholesterol compared with placebo, and the compound also had a favorable safety profile.. Furiex acquired an exclusive license rights in 2007 from Ranbaxy Laboratories to develop, manufacture and market its novel statin ...

Wijsmuller, Gerard. (‎1966)‎. Relation between pre-vaccination and post-vaccination tuberculin sensitivity. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 35 (‎4)‎, 459 - 478. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/262989 ...

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Becton Dickinson & Co. Bd Tuberculin Syringe BND309625. The BD Tuberculin syringe with BD Precisionglide Needle helps improve dosage accuracy and virtually eliminates needle pop-off. Plus bold clear scale markings make easy and accurate dosage measur

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Rybalko, V.V.; Kozlov, L.V.; Shevtsov, V.I., 1979: Importance of the reaction to determine the index of tuberculin neutrophil injury in the diagnosis of urogenital tuberculosis

Semantic Scholar extracted view of The Influence of the Injection of Tuberculin on the Eosinophile Cells in the Peripheral Blood. by Jeffrey M. Swan

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Revision date indicates the date the MSDS or SDS was last revised. MSDS / SDS are dated when they are originally issued AND when any significant change has been made to the chemical compound or research has revealed a health or physical hazard different from what was originally stated. Additional information regarding MSDS / SDS is available at https://www.osha.gov ...

1905.] Document ISTo. 19. 6 O tucked or flounced at the bottom, which are never washed and which accumulate filth month after month, are very objectionable. The danger from tuberculous meat is slight because the germs are killed in cooking, but it is much greater from milk which is taken raw. and which, besides, is more liable to infection. Milk from a cow with a diseased udder should never be used. Cities and towns ought to require of every dairyman selling milk to their people a license granted only upon the observation of the proper sanitary rules, including the tuberculin test, and revocable upon violation of those rules. Every municipality should adopt and enforce an ordinance against siutting on the sidewalks and on the floors of public places. Compulsory notification would be very helpful, especially in the case of the very poor. It is the plain duty of every consumptive, to his loved ones and the public, once in possession of the facts above set forth, to observe all the precautions laid ...

The research report on Tuberculin Industry is a compilation of opinions and observations made by market advisory professionals, investors, leaders in the supply chain, marketing providers, technical and market professionals, technology planners, and business leaders.. The Global Tuberculin Industry 2017 Market Research Report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the Tuberculin industry.. Global Tuberculin Industry 2017 Market Research Report″ is now available with eMarketOrg.com at http://emarketorg.com/pro/global-Tuberculin-industry-2017-market-research-report/. This report provides a basic overview of the industry including definitions, classifications, applications and industry chain structure. The Tuberculin market analysis is provided for the international market including development history, competitive landscape analysis, and major regions development status.. Complete report on Global Tuberculin Industry 2017 Market Research Report is spread across 106 pages ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - CD4+ lymphocytes and tuberculin skin test as survival predictors in pulmonary tuberculosis HIV-infected patients. AU - Serrat, Carles. AU - Gómez, Guadalupe. AU - De Olalla, Patricia García. AU - Caylà, Joan A.. PY - 1998. Y1 - 1998. N2 - Background. We analyse whether the tuberculin skin test is a good survival marker in a cohort of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with HIV infection (PTB/HIV). In all, 494 PTB/HIV patients were enrolled in Barcelona (Spain) between January 1992 and December 1994 in the Tuberculosis Program of Barcelona. The main data problem was the large proportion of missing values in the covariates percentage of T CD4+ lymphocytes and the tuberculin test results: only 157 patients (31.8%) had both covariates recorded. Methods. Patients were dichotomized into two groups according to their level of immunosuppression (≤ 14 and , 14% T CD4+ cells). First, we carried out the semiparametric and parametric complete case analysis. After this, we analysed the data ...

Start Over You searched for: Authors Bloomfield, Arthur L. (Arthur Leonard), 1888- ✖Remove constraint Authors: Bloomfield, Arthur L. (Arthur Leonard), 1888- Copyright Public domain ✖Remove constraint Copyright: Public domain Subjects Tuberculin Test ✖Remove constraint Subjects: Tuberculin Test Publication Year 1919 ✖Remove constraint Publication Year: 1919 Dates by Range 1900-1949 ✖Remove constraint Dates by Range: 1900-1949 ...

Tuberculin skin testing with tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) is used to screen persons for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection. However, it is not a perfect screening test, and anergy testing, performed along with PPD, has been proposed as a method of determining a persons ability to exhibit a delayed-type hypersensitivity response, and thus, to verify a negative tuberculin skin test result.. By the 1970s, anergy testing was routinely performed when a PPD was performed, despite the lack of data supporting this step. In 1991, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued guidelines recommending anergy testing as an adjunct to tuberculin testing when screening persons who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive for latent tuberculosis. The CDC later revised these guidelines and withdrew this recommendation. It is known that some persons with TB exhibit specific anergy to tuberculin but still respond to other antigens, possibly because available T-cell ...

The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is the only preferred method of testing patients for latent tuberculosis infections. An intradermal injection of 0.1 ml of purified protein derivative (PPD), which contains 5 tuberculin units, is applied to the forearm. Trained health care workers should read the reaction 48 to 72 hours after the injection. If the patient fails to return before 72 hours, a positive result can be interpreted up to 1 week after the injection; however, if the result is negative after 72 hours, the test should be repeated.It is the diameter of induration, and not the diameter of erythema, that determines the result of the tuberculin skin test. The diameter of induration perpendicular to the long axis of the forearm should be recorded. Interpretation of the result is dependent upon the size of the induration and the characteristics of the patient.Tuberculin testing in patients with a prior history of bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination is not contraindicated. In these patients, the ...

The purified wax fraction of the tubercle bacillus, which has been previously demonstrated as an essential element in causing delayed tuberculin hypersensitivity in response to the protein of the tubercle bacillus, is now found to have the same activity with regard to a simple chemical antigen, picryl chloride. One injection of this compound with wax intraperitoneally into guinea pigs results in a marked delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity, demonstrable by contact and intracutaneous test, and of long duration. The effect is not related to an adjuvant activity of the wax as defined by ordinary standards.. The relationship of these observations to the occurrence of heteroallergic phenomena in tuberculosis is discussed.. The possibility that the occurrence of spontaneous contact hypersensitivities may depend upon the presence of similarly active lipoidal components of the skin is commented upon.. ...

The in vitro activities and interactions of macrophages and lymphocytes from tuberculin-sensitive and normal guinea pigs, in the presence or absence of antigen (PPD), were examined with the aid of phase-contrast time-lapse cinematography. Macrophages from peritoneal exudate had active amoeboid motion and numerous rapidly extending pseudopodia. Macrophages from normal or sensitized animals, in the presence of antigen and sensitized lymphocytes, and to a lesser extent sensitized thymocytes, formed considerably less active and less numerous pseudopodia, became spherical and were more sluggish in their movements. The motion of lymphocytes and thymocytes, normal or sensitized, was not affected by specific antigen. Non-sensitized macrophages aggregated and tended to become associated with lymphocytes in the presence of antigen and sensitized lymphocytes. These in vitro observations provided direct evidence of immunologically induced cellular interactions in delayed hypersensitivity systems.. ...

Ritz N, Tebruegge M, Camacho-Badilla K, Haeusler GM, Connell TG, Curtis N. To TST or not to TST: Is tuberculin skin testing necessary before BCG immunisation in children?. VACCINE (2011) PubMed ...

When we controlled for the BCG effect, the proportion of TST results above each of the cut-offs increased with age (all with P , 0.05). There was some indication that the increase with age of TST results , 10 mm was different depending on BCG scar status, but the modification effect was not statistically significant (P = 0.22). For children with one BCG scar the TST results , 10 mm were 14.5%, 19.8%, 21.6%, and 28.8% for the groups of 7 8, 9 10, 11 12, and 13 14 years, respectively (P , 0.001). However, for children with no scar, the age trend was less clear, with the TST results being 6.7%, 13.8%, 5.6%, and 23.4% for those same age groups (P = 0.09). There was also no evidence that BCG scar modified the effect of age on TST , 5, 10 and 15 mm, or on TST in any of the induration ranges (all with P , 0.52, data not shown). There was no difference by gender or school in the proportion of children above any of the TST cut-offs (data not shown). There was no evidence that gender modified the effect ...

Background & Objectives: Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis, a common disease among livestock and humans. Tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial disease of both pulmonary and extra pulmonary pretend. Despite the discovery of the disease, vaccines and effective drugs for treatment of tuberculosis is still a serious in all of the worlds.The aim of this study is to identify the protein bands of the bovine tuberculin, to be helpful more in the identification of tuberculin. Methods: Here we have used SDS-PAGE technique to index the antigenic contents of culture filtrate and bacterial extracts of M. bovis AN5 used for preparation of bovine PPD tuberculin. Mycobacterium bovis AN5 were cultured in Lowenstein - Jensen medium for 8 weeks. Then Bacteria killed by 3 hours autoclaving 100 ° C and dissolved by Whatman filter paper 1. Tuberculin of bacteria was separated by filter paper from the suspension. Clear liquid volume measurement. Ammonium sulphate (AS) were used to precipitate ...

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Purpose: We investigate the correlation of purified protein derivative (PPD) results before intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillations with prognosis and complications of BCG. ...

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The doctor visit was also long...he was kind of annoyed with all the paperwork and all the lab tests he needed to order. I got a tetanus booster and my Tuberculin test applied. I have to go back on Friday to have the Tuberculin test results read and to do the blood tests for all the other stuff. He also didnt do/check off the part of the exam regarding the anus and rectum.....did everyones doctor actually examine that or just check it off??? Im going to ask him about it on Friday ...

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Definition of Macrophage migration inhibition test with photos and pictures, translations, sample usage, and additional links for more information.

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The Medical Research Councils trial of BCG and vole bacillus vaccines in the prevention of tuberculosis in Great Britain has ended after 20 years follow-up of the 54 239 participants, who were aged 14 to 15 years when the entered the trial in 1950-2. Participants who were tuberculin positive on entry were left unvaccinated; those who were tuberculin negative were allocated at random to an unvaccinated or to a vaccinated group. The protective efficacy of each of the two vaccines, among those initially tuberculin negative, was 84% during the first five years, and gradually decreased, averaging 77% for each vaccine over the whole period. The incidence of tuberculosis decreased substantially in all groups during the trial, however, and of the total of 610 cases of tuberculosis only 27 developed between 15 and 20 years. Thus we cannot make a reliable assessment of efficacy during this final period. The prevalence and incidence of tuberculosis in Great Britain have decreased radically since this ...

Beneficial effects of Va and/or Zn supplementation of children in NE Thailand are described in a companion abstract. In the same study, blastogenic response (BR) of T-lymphocytes to concanavalin-A (ConA) and PPD were assayed in cultures containing mononuclear cells (MNC) or whole blood (WB). Methods were previously described. Children were previously vaccinated with BCG. BR to ConA of MNC or WB from children supplemented with VA, Zn, VA + Zn or placebo were similar. BR to PPD of MNC was higher in children receiving VA + Zn than placebo, but not in children supplemented with VA or Zn alone. Data indicate that children with suboptimal VA and Zn nutriture supplemented with , 2 times RDA of these nutrients showed enhanced cellular immunity to PPD. This observation is relevant to BCG immunization program and thus may benefit public health. ...

MEDIA RELEASE The state Department of Health has acquired an adequate supply of purified protein derivative (PPD) solution used for tuberculosis (TB) skin testing and resumed providing the tuberculin skin test (TST) in all DOH TB clinics statewide Monday, July 15, 2013. Availability of TB test solution is returning to normal throughout Hawaii and the […]. Read the full story. ...

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CDC Split Type: WAES0703USA03790. Write-up:Information Initial and follow up information has been received from a physician and a health care professional concerning a 13 year old female patient who on 15-MAR-2007 at 04:30 PM was vaccinated IM with a first dose of Gardasil, GARDASIL vaccine, lot #654510/0962F. Concomitant therapy included Adacel, Menactra ADACEL, MENACTRA and tuberculin purified protein derivative. On 19-MAR-2007 the patient developed an off cycle additional menstrual cycle with a heavy flow. Unspecified medical attention was sought. The patients outcome was unknown. Additional information has been requested. This is in follow-up to report (s) previously submitted on 4/13/2007. Additional information has been requested. ...

A mammalian blood protein-containing composition such as whole blood, plasma, serum, plasma concentrate, cryoprecipitate, cryosupernatant, plasma fractionation precipitate or plasma fractionation supernatant substantially free of hepatitis and other lipid coated viruses with the yield of protein activity to total protein being at least 80% is disclosed. The protein-containing composition is contacted with di- or trialkylphosphate, preferably a mixture of trialkylphosphate and detergent, usually followed by removal of the di- or trialkylphosphate.

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a tiny amount of fluid called tuberculin gets injected just below the skin in your forearm. it contains some inactive tb bacteria.

In This Issue... Meta-Analysis: FITs Moderately Sensitive, Highly Specific in Detecting Colorectal Cancer Sepsis Risk Model Promising for Risk-Stratifying Pediatric Patients Fructosamine, Glycated Albumin Viable Alternatives to HbA1c in Certain Settings IGRAs Six to Nine Times More Likely Than Tuberculin Skin Testing to Yield False-Positive Results KDIGO Panel: No Need to Routinely Check LDL-C Levels in CKD Patients