TY - JOUR. T1 - Activation of antigen-specific B cells. T2 - role of T cells, cytokines, and antigen in induction of growth and differentiation. AU - Noelle, R. J.. AU - Snow, E. C.. AU - Uhr, J. W.. AU - Vitetta, E. S.. PY - 1983. Y1 - 1983. N2 - T cells and cytokines were used to activate highly enriched populations of 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-binding B cells (TNP-ABC). TNP-ABC did not proliferate or differentiate when they were cultured with thymus-dependent (TD) antigen, even in the presence of supernatants known to contain B-cell growth and differentiation factors. However, purified TNP-ABC did proliferate and differentiate when they were cultured with TD antigen in the presence of carrier-primed T cells and antigen (TNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin) i.e., linked recognition. TNP-ABC blasts generated under conditions of linked recognition proliferated and differentiated in response to cytokines in the absence of T cells and antigen. In contrast, under conditions of nonlinked recognition ...

Lake, J P., Enhanced in vitro tnp-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses by cells from mice rendered tolerant for contact hypersensitivity by tnp-conjugated lymphoid cells. Abstr. (1979). Subject Strain Bibliography 1979. 1530 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The role of lymphokines in immunogenic uveitis. AU - Liu, S. H.. AU - Prendergast, R. A.. AU - Silverstein, A. M.. PY - 1983. Y1 - 1983. N2 - Lymphokines were prepared from rabbit lymph node cells specifically activated in vitro with the insoluble antigen ovalbumin or nonspecifically activated with the insoluble mitogen concanavalin A. Intravitreal injection of either lymphokine caused uveitis in the normal rabbit eye, more severe and more prolonged with the concanavalin A-activated supernatants than with the ovalbumin-activated supernatants. The most striking difference between the two lymphokine preparations was in their ability to induce a secondary intraocular antibody response in the trinitrophenyl bovine gamma globulin-primed recipient. Concanavalin A supernatants stimulated polyclonal B cell activation with appreciable anti-TNP responses in animals primed either systemically or locally. In contrast, ovalbumin supernatants stimulated an intraocular anti-TNP response only in ...

A recent development in immunomanipulation involves the targeting of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to cell-bound antigens using bispecific antibodies. These antibodies have been engineered such that specificity is directed against the T cell receptor (TCR) or TCR-associated T3 molecules, as well as against the chosen antigen. The present study was aimed to force interactions between T and B cells by bridging their receptors. F23.1 antibodies, which are specific for gene products of the TCR V beta 8 gene family, were conjugated with TNP (2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) and this construct was used to bridge the receptors of V beta 8+ T cells with the receptors of TNP-specific B cells. The bridging was demonstrated by direct killing of both a TNP-specific B hybridoma and of blast cells from mice transgenic for mu, kappa of the TNP-specific antibody Sp6. Further, F23.1-TNP constructs in conjunction with V beta 8+ CTL were shown to specifically deplete Ig-secreting B cells from Sp6 transgenic mice. Conjugates ...

Pyrrolidinyl 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl ketone | C11H10N4O7 | CID 4194901 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more.

Formula: C15H26N2MW: 234. 38CAS: 90-39-1, 446-95-7TNP NUMBER: TNP00545MDL NUMBER: MFCD00869353IUPAC: (10S,1R,2R,9R)-7,15-diazatetracyclo[7....

The authors administered KCN, NaF,AS2O3 orally to rabbits and caused acute and chronic poisoning, then studied the teeth, jaw bones, and other oral tissues histopathologically. The results were as follows : 1. There was no significant difference between acute poisoned group by NaF and control group. But, vasodilatation in the connective tissues, esepcially marginal area of jaw bone, atrophy and destrution of glandualr cells was observed. 2. Chronic poisoned group by NaF showed degeneration and thicking of subcutanece fibrosis ective tissues, atrophy and degeneration of subcutaneous connective tissues, atrophy and degeneration of muscle fibers, vasodilation of subcutaneous in bone cavities(lacunae), and degeneration of odotlblasts in pulp tissue. 3. Acute poisoned group by KCN showed almost similar appearances as control group, and chronic poisoned group showed hyperplasia of baal layer in epitheilium, degeneration of subcutaneous connective tissues, vasodilation and huperemia, severe hemorrhage ...

A model system has been developed to study extrathymic T cell differentiation. Mice have been thymectomized, lethally irradiated, and reconstituted with bone marrow cells depleted of Thy-1-positive cells. After 8 wk, the spleen cells of these 5athymic, bone marrow-reconstituted chimeras contain Thy-1-positive pre-cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) that are able to respond to antigen only when exogenous interleukin 2 is added to culture.. The phenotype of these pre-CTL is similar to that of thymocytes, suggesting that they may be an immature T cell. Initial evaluation of the CTL repertoire of these athymic mice demonstrates that the CTL generated to trinitrophenyl-modified syngeneic cells are H-2 restricted and that the CTL generated to alloantigens have many of the cross-reactivities observed in normal but not in nude mice. The discrepancies observed in the CTL repertoire between these thymectomized chimeras and nude mice are discussed. ...

Four different combinations of F1 hybrid mice [(C57BL/10 X B10.A)F1, (C57BL/10 X B10.BR)F1, B6D2F1, and AKD2F1] were injected intravenously with spleen cells from parental strains. The T-cell-mediated cytotoxic potential of spleen cells from the injected F1 mice was assessed from 4 to 21 d later by in vitro sensitization with trinitrophenyl-modified parental or syngeneic F1 spleen cells (TNP-self) or with allogeneic spleen cells. The cytotoxic potential of the F1 mice to TNP-self as well as to alloantigens was abolished or severely depressed throughout this period when the respective H-2k,a,d parental spleen cells were injected. In contrast, the cytotoxic potential was unaffected or only marginally reduced when H-2b parental cells were injected. The induction of depressed cytotoxic activity was shown to be a result of a population of parental radiosensitive T lymphocytes. The results should be discussed with respect to (a) the genetic and mechanistic parameters associated with the differential ...

Mosier, D E.; Johnson, B M.; Paul, W E.; and Master, P R., Cellular requirements for the primary in vitro antibody response to dnp-ficoll. (1974). Subject Strain Bibliography 1974. 1367 ...

Proinflammatory cytokines stimulate adaptive immunity and attenuate T cell regulation and tolerance induction. T1D. Important and well balanced appraisal from the preclinical and scientific evidence of efficiency and protection of anti-immune, anti-inflammatory, and anti-dysmetabolic therapeutics should hence information future studies to go closer to book treatments, concentrating on the underlying factors behind -cell failing and devastation in T1D. (RDS section III and IV), scientific trials that try to induce or maintain -cell function after medical diagnosis have either proven no results or simply transient results or are connected with unacceptable unwanted effects. This generally irritating backlog happening can be thus linked to the unavailability of secure and efficient therapies to focus on the disease systems that determine -cell failing and devastation or in grafted substitutes. One reason behind this backlog can be that the main element pathways of the condition mechanisms arent ...

Using tiny biodegradable particles to disrupt the bodys normal immune response after a heart attack could help save patients from tissue damage and certain long-term health problems that often follow. Researchers have shown that injecting such particles into mice within 24 hours of a heart attack not only significantly reduces tissue damage, but also results…

Ken Miyasaki ,kmiyasak at ucla.edu, wrote: ,I just wanted to thank everyone for their thoughtful comments. I still ,need to do some reading, but at least I have a feel for what ,immunologists think, which is important to me. I have some responses, ,below, and again, would appreciate any corrections or other feedback... Ken - in doing all of that reading dont neglect looking into the bare lymphocyte syndtrome. You might find its effects enlightening. Bob S ...

Advances in our understanding of T cell activation at a molecular level have permitted the manipulation of T cell regulation in cancer patients. A newly discove...

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you click Continue well assume that you are happy to receive all cookies and you wont see this message again. Click Find out more for information on how to change your cookie settings ...

Key Benefits: ● Premium colostrum from U.S. sources ● Features essential colostrum polypeptides (PRPs) ● Powder contains 2,500 mg of IgG per serving ● Natural source of IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM* ● Modulate normal immune responses* ● May positively affect bone and

1. 면역학 I (Immunology I). 항원의 특성과 항체의 생성 및 항원항체의 결합특성, 항체의 종류, 구조, 기능 및 보체의 활성 등 면역 일반에 대해 강의한다.. This coruse offers with an extensive study of the bodys defenses aand will gain a comprehensive understanding of immunology, normal immune responses as well as hypersensitive and immunologicaldiseases. Discussions will be held on the nature of allergies and the role of the immune system in the bodys allergic teactions. Auto-immune diseases, immunization, transplantation and cancer immunology will also be considered in detail.. 2. 미생물학실험 (Microbiology Laboratory). 미생물학 이론에 근거하여 세균과 효모, 곰팡이 등의 미샘울을 안전하고 정교하게 배양하고 분리하는 기본적인ㄴ 실험 바업을 비롯하여 대량배양과 돌연변이, 발효 및 대사과정에 관련된 응용기술까지 습득한다.. Offers basic and advanced techniques of ...

University of Michigan scientists have provided the most detailed picture yet of a key HIV accessory protein that foils the bodys normal immune response. Based on the findings, which appear online in the journal PLoS Pathogens, the team is searching for new drugs that may someday allow infected people to be cured and no longer need todays AIDS drugs for a lifetime. Theres a big hole in current therapies, in that all of them prevent new infection, but none attack the cells that are already infected and hidden from the immune response, says Kathleen L. Collins, M.D., Ph.D., the studys senior author and a U-M associate professor in both internal medicine and microbiology and immunology ...

Migration capacity of monocytes from WB and Ficoll PBMC towards CCL2.WB diluited 1∶5 in medium (100 µl per well) or Ficoll PBMC (2×106 cells/ml per well) we

Anaphylaxis is classically induced by IgE-dependent FceRI crosslinking that triggers mast cell and basophil mediator, enzyme and cytokine secretion. Anaphylaxis can also be induced in mice, however, by IgG- mediated crosslinking of macrophage and basophil FcgRIII. This alternative pathway may be responsible for some cases of human anaphylaxis, particularly those associated with protein-based drugs, including humanized mAbs. We used mouse passive anaphylaxis models to attempt to identify markers that could distinguish between IgE- and IgG-mediated anaphylaxis. Mice sensitized by i.v. injection of TNP-specific IgE or IgG mAbs were challenged i.v. 24h later with TNP-OVA; changes in cells and serum were then evaluated. Changes 2h post-challenge in both IgE- and IgG-mediated anaphylaxis included: 1) up to 90% decreases in percentages of basophils and monocytes in blood; 2) doubling of the percentage of neutrophils in blood; and 3) ~25% increases in the ability of neutrophils to generate reactive ...

OmegaGenics EPA-DHA 300 Algae - Metagenics 60 softgels Supports normal immune response. Get a Free 15 minute Consultation with Purchase

Synonyms for accessory cell in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for accessory cell. 24 synonyms for cell: room, chamber, lock-up, compartment, cavity, cubicle, dungeon, stall, unit, group, section, core, nucleus, caucus, coterie, electric cell. What are synonyms for accessory cell?

Singapore News - Heartlanders, prepare to party where you live. No need for expensive tickets to listen to live music, dance to a DJs music or pay to eat exotic fare at food... Read more at www.tnp.sg

I could have posted an entry yesterday at the TNB office, much to the clamor of my fans (TNB chapter)..hehe. However, due to the fact that other people were behind my back, engrossed in watching San Beda hammer Letran in the NCAA eliminations, I had an inkling that they might see what I might type…and well, I dont like people watching me pour my heart out. Its a private matter to me, at least until I post it here, and then you can stare at it forever if thats what you really want ...

Formula: C14H24N2O7MW: 332. 35Salt: 2HClCAS: 22189-32-8TNP NUMBER: TNP00199MDL NUMBER: MFCD00058104IUPAC: (8S,11S,13S,14S,3R,6R,10R,12R)-12,14-bis(methylamino)-3,11,13-trihydroxy-6-met hyl-2,7,9-trioxatricyclo[8....

Pandemi Covid-19 tidak hanya berdampak pada kesehatan, namun juga berdampak pada berbagai aspek kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi, termasuk sektor pertanian. Stabilitas harga kebutuhan pangan pokok tidak terlepas dari pasokan yang memadai. Ketersediaan bahan pangan pokok dalam kondisi pandemi memegang pe

BioMed Research International is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies covering a wide range of subjects in life sciences and medicine. The journal is divided into 55 subject-specific sections.

The present study has evaluated the identity of the B cell subpopulations participating in T dependent antibody responses that differ in their requirements for major histocompatibility complex-restricted T cell recognition. In vitro responses of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-primed T cells and trinitrophenyl (TNP)-primed B cells were studied to both low and high concentrations of the antigen TNP-KLH. It was first demonstrated that for responses to low concentrations of TNP-KLH, (A × B)F(1) {arrow} parent(A) chimeric helper T cells were restricted in their ability to recognize parent(A) but not parent(B) H-2 determinants expressed by both B cells and antigen-presenting cells (APC). In contrast, at higher antigen concentrations, helper T cells were not restricted in their interaction with B cells. It was then determined whether these observed differences in T cell recognition resulted from the activation of distinct B cell subpopulations with different activation requirements. At low ...

Immunological memory has been shown to occur unequivocally in mammals. However, controversy exists regarding the capability of fish to elicite a memory response. This study demonstrates that memory does occur rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus rnykiss. Trout injected with a T-dependent antigen, trinitrophenylated keyhole-limpet hemocyanin, (TNP-KLH) (100 μg/fish) were able to produce a primary serum antibody response to TNP. This was demonstrated by a quantitative ELISA specifically developed for this purpose. After a second injection of antigen (20 μg/fish), an increase in antibody titer developed to TNP along with a shorter lag period, as is characteristic of a mammalian secondary response. The antibodies produced to TNP were further analyzed by two different ELISAs, avidity and inhibition ELISAs. Avidity measurements, which reflects both the effects of affinity and valency on the strength of antibody binding, demonstrated no change in avidity during the primary or secondary serum antibody ...

Neuro Immune PRP Spray is a bovine colostrum based natural immune balancing spray. It contains Proline-Rich Polypeptides (PRPs) which can help modulate normal immune responses.Buy Neuro PRP spray with free shipping.

Candida albicans is a dimorphic yeast fungus, existing in the gut of many forms of animal life. It can be found existing, with slightly less vigor, in the environment. For humans, its probably the most insidious opportunistic pathogen. It has the capability of causing so much disruption to normal immune response, that its presence can be invisible to the INTERRO.

TNB Naturals Enhancer Combo Pack is made from 100% organic ingredients to create a source of CO2 for your grow space! 1200 ppm for a 12x12x12 grow space!

We have synthesized a new class of photoaffinity analogs, 2,3-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-8-azido-ATP, -ADP and -AMP (TNP- 8N₃ATP, -ADP and -AMP), and their radiolabeled derivatives, and characterized their interaction with the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase. The TNP-8N₃-nucleotides were synthesized from ATP in three steps involving bromination in the 8-position of the adenine ring followed by displacement with an azido group and then trinitrophenylation of the resulting 8N₃-nucleotide with TNBS. Inclusion of the oxidizing agent, DTNB, in the final reaction was found to be necessary to prevent reduction of the azido group by the released sulfite anion and also elevated the yield of trinitrophenylation to about 80%. Purity was determined spectrophotometrically, as well as by anion exchange TLC and reversed phase HPLC. In the dark, the compounds were found to display most of the features of the parent TNP-nucleotides and interacted with the Ca²⁺-ATPase in a similar way. When ...

Biologists at the University of California, San Diego have determined how toxin produced by anthrax bacteria blocks a persons normal immune response, a discovery that could lead to new treatments for anthrax infection.

Definition of accessory cells in the Financial Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is accessory cells? Meaning of accessory cells as a finance term. What does accessory cells mean in finance?

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The Journal of Immunology.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...

Im a couple weeks behind. Did this with a freestanding handstand and did 7 rep splits in the ttb. Catched some nice hs waves today! Did 3 rounds though, not 5, in 14:40. Thought putting a 15min cap today would be enough for me and was pretty accurate. Last round was kind of rusty on both ends. Not having the wall made quite a different feeling. Was kind of hard to get back to that focus needed for a 15-20 sec hold. First 2 were way better. So that 15 min cap.made sense for me. Congrats to all ninjas doin this as rxd. Those doing handstand for the first time or going for 4 or 5 with a wall, outstanding effort! Thats what makes us a little better every day. Thank you CF ...

This Dewalt black oxide drill bit is made for strength and performance in metal, wood and plastic drilling applications. The 135-degree split point g...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity against a virus-infected syngeneic cell line in isogeneic ginbuna crucian carp. AU - Somamoto, Tomonori. AU - Nakanishi, Teruyuki. AU - Okamoto, Nobuaki. N1 - Funding Information: This study was supported in part by Grants-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan (No. 08660266) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan.. PY - 2000/9/1. Y1 - 2000/9/1. N2 - In the present study, we attempted to determine whether virus-specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity occurs in fish. Experiments were conducted with clonal ginbuna crucian carp (Carassius auratus langsdorfii) (S3n strain), and the syngeneic cell line (CFS). Two infectious viruses were used: infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and eel virus from America (EVA). Peripheral blood leukocytes, which consisted almost entirely (95%) of lymphocytes and thrombocytes, from S3n ginbuna immunized with virus-infected CFS ...

T helper cell factors (HF) have been preparated against protein and synthetic antigens by restimulating in vitro induced helper cells with small amounts of antigen. HF when tested in vitro are antigen specific and capable of replacing T cells, initiating a thymus dependent IgM response. In the in vivo adoptive transfer assay HF is capable of replacing T helper cells and is active at very high dilution, inducing both IgM and IgG responses. When tested on unirradiated DNP primed animals the HF was able to initiate a thymus dependent anti-hapten response, comparable to that seen with helper T cells, of both IgM and IgG class. It was also shown that HF acts on anti-Thy 1 treated spleen cells. The results indicate that antigen specific helper factors may be one of the physiologic mediators of T-B interactions in intact animals.

Results: The ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to upregulate MHC II and CD80 in DCs from TRACP(-/-) mice was reduced compared with wildtype mice, although production of IL-10 by DCs from TRACP-deficient animals was increased. T- and B-cell responses not involving antigen presentation (anti-CD3, TNP-ficoll) were normal in TRACP(-/-) mice, but responses to T-dependent antigens were impaired. Specifically, TRACP(-/-) mice had defective delayed hypersensitivity responses to picryl chloride and reduced proliferative responses to ovalbumin compared with wildtype mice. In response to ovalbumin, but not anti-CD3, T cells from TRACP(-/-) mice produced less interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), but there was no difference in IL-4 production: TRACP(-/-) mice also produced less ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgG2a after immunization ...

近年來電腦模擬計算對於實務上開發研究的輔助已日益漸增，然而在化學分析方面，到目前為止並沒有能與實際情形相匹配的模擬研究，本研究主要是以實驗室獨自開發程式為主，商用模擬軟體為輔，進行混合溶液的分離模擬運算。混合溶液中以甲醇及乙腈分子當作溶劑，待分離的溶質主要為炸藥分子：硝化甘油(nitroglycerin, NG)、黑索金 (1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine, RDX)、奧托金(octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, HMX) 及三硝基甲苯(2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, TNT)，溶劑分子與炸藥分子混合形成一移動相，而固定相分別建構兩種不同性質的體系，一種具有正相層析性質的異黃樟油素分子(Poly-1,2-methylenedioxy-4-propenyl benzene, PISAF)，另一種具有類似逆相層析性質的有機矽氧烷分子 [O-(CH3)2-Si-C8]，將移動相與多個重覆結構的固定相接合，並以物理方式進行分離模擬

Tnp2 gene expression in Bgee. Bgee allows to automatically compare gene expression patterns between species, by referencing expression data on anatomical ontologies, and designing homology relationships between them.

Toy Fair New York is just over a month away - plenty of time to book flights, grab a hotel and head to the Big Apple for some big business. Marian Bo...