Abstract Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae), a new human intestinal trematode reported from a Korean woman who complained of epigastric discomfort, has been shown to be highly prevalent among the villagers of a southwestern island of the Republic of Korea. For the detection of human infections, fecal examinations were conducted on the inhabitants of a seashore village, where the first patient with a G. seoi infection had resided. Of 98 inhabitants examined, 70 (71.4%) were infected with various intestinal parasites; among them, G. seoi showed the highest rate of egg positivity 48 of 98 (49.0%). Individual worm burdens of G. seoi, as measured by collection of adult flukes after anthelmintic treatment and purgation, ranged from 106 to 26,373 specimens (average per infected case = 3,326). There was no sex-related difference in the prevalence of G. seoi, and the age distribution of the infected cases showed a relatively even pattern. This study confirms that human infection by G. seoi is not an

Nearly every species on the planet has at least one parasite, which, by definition, incurs a cost in the host. Therefore, organisms must resist parasites - preventing or reducing infections - or tolerate parasites - reducing the costs of infection - in order to maintain their fitness despite the presence of parasites. Here, I investigated: 1) whether parasitic, larval trematodes (cercariae) can detect the least resistant tadpole host species, 2) a hypothetical framework for how host life history impacts the utilization of inflammation and thus, resistance and tolerance, 3) whether a common anesthesia technique used in experimental infections immunocompromises tadpoles, 4) the relationship between tadpole host life history, tolerance, and behavioral resistance to cercarial infection, 5) how tadpole behavior affects trematode infection location, and 6) how host life history impacts trematode infection location and the implications of this for host tolerance. In the first chapter, I investigated whether

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Microphallus piriformes is a parasitic trematode (fluke). It belongs to the Plagiorchiata, a large suborder of the digenean fluke order Plagiorchiida. M. piriformes is unusual among the flukes in having only one intermediate host rather than two, and no free-swimming cercarian stage. It is most notable, however, for modifying the behaviour of its intermediate host in a way that increases its chance of transmission to the primary host. This has been researched by Helen O. McCarthy and her team of University of Ulster scientists both in the laboratory and at Muck Island in Scotland. The life cycle of M. piriformes requires two hosts: the rough periwinkle Littorina saxatilis (a littoral snail) and the herring gull Larus argentatus (and perhaps other members of the herring gull complex). The immature flukes live in the snail, and the adult flukes live in the bird. Normally, rough periwinkles are rarely eaten by herring gulls. This is due to two reasons: First, the birds forage in the snails rocky ...

Toxicity of cadmium and zinc mixtures to Diplostomum spathaceum (Trematoda : Diplostomidae) cercarial survival. / Morley, N. J.; Crane, M.; Lewis, J. W.. In: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Vol. 43, No. 1, 02.07.2002, p. 28-33.. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article ...

Allocreadium handiai (Dhaka). A. mymensinghi (Dhaka). Aphallus sp. (Dhaka). Clinostomum complanatum metacercaria (Dhaka). Clinostomum sp. metacercaria (Dhaka). Euclinostomum multicaecum metacercaria (Dhaka). Euclinostomum sp. metacercaria (Dhaka). Eumasenia sp. (Dhaka?, Sylhet?). Genarchopsis bashiri (Dhaka). Macrolecithus sp. (Dhaka?, Sylhet?). ?Macvicaria crassigula (Dhaka). Neopecoelina saharanpuriensis (Barisal, Dhaka, Sylhet?). Neopecoelina sp. (Barisal, Dhaka, Sylhet?). Opegaster beliyai (Dhaka). Orientocreadium batrachoides (Dhaka). Palaeorchis sp. (Barisal, Dhaka). Philopinna sp. (Dhaka). Digenea gen. sp. (Chittagong) ...

Clinostomum marginatum is a species of parasitic flukes (class Trematoda). It is commonly called the yellow grub. It is found in many freshwater fish in North America, and no fish, so far is immune to this parasite. This type of fluke can be found in the mouth of aquatic birds such as herons and egrets. They are also found commonly in the esophagus of fish-eating birds, and reptiles. Eggs of these trematodes are shed in the feces, hopefully into the water. Many aquatic birds become infected by ingesting freshwater fish that are infected. The metacercariae are found right beneath the skin or in the muscles. Life cycle of this yellow grub consists of two intermediate hosts and one definitive host. The parasites eggs hatch in the water and the miracidium invades the foot of the snails. The cercaria leaves the snail and encysts in the muscle of the connective tissue of fresh-water species. The metacercarial stage is that is formed is then referred to as the yellow grub. The encysted ...

A high prevalence of vertebral deformities has been observed in various fishes, especially cyprinids, from certain regions of the Willamette River for many years. One proposed source of these deformities is exposure to toxicants. Histological evaluation of affected chiselmouth Acrocheilus alutaceus revealed that all lesions associated with vertebrae were associated with metacercariae of digenean trematodes. Approximately half of the northern pikeminnow Ptychocheilus oregonensis had infections in which metacercariae were associated with these lesions. Metacercariae were also associated with vertebral lesions in three of four affected peamouth Mylocheilus caurinus. Many metacercariae that were present within the vertebral bodies were associated with bony dysplasia and bony proliferation in all three species. We also evaluated the association of the metacercariae with the vertebral deformities, using intact fish that had been cleared with trypsin. Fish from the affected regions had a much higher ...

Microphallus, defined as a functionally normal penis, including a penile urethra, with a stretched length less than two standard deviations, can be caused by a variety of diseases and conditions.

Microphallus, or micropenis, is defined as a stretched penile length of less than 2.5 standard deviations (SDs) below the mean for age.

While A. contortum seems to do quite well in its rather unusual (for a trematode) habitat, the basic body plan for trematode is that of an internal parasite. So how does one modify a body plan for living inside the cosy confine of a hosts body to a life clinging on to the more exposed parts of the host? Fortunately for A. contortum there are some functional overlaps between living in a fishs intestine versus living on its gills. While it lacks the hooks and sucker clamps of monogenean flatworms which are specialised for ectoparasitism, A. contortum has co-opted its large and muscular ventral sucker for hanging on to the sunfishs gills. Other trematode species use their ventral sucker to attach to the intestinal wall. In A. contortum it also function as the main attachment organ, but on a different part of the hosts body. Additionally, this flukes hind body appears to be long and prehensile, which it might to able to use to grip like a chameleons tail (to a limited degree ...

We identified 7584 pairs of one-to-one orthologous transcripts between the two transcriptomes (see Table S2) and 7851 and 21,980 nonone-to-one orthologous transcripts for PA-Microphallus and PE-Microphallus, respectively. The two one-to-one ortholog transcriptomes contain higher mean transcript lengths (18.6% longer for PA-Microphallus; 38.7% longer for PE-Microphallus) and larger N50 values (11.7% greater N50 for PA-Microphallus; 33.9% greater N50 for PE-Microphallus) than their corresponding reference transcriptomes (Table 1). The longer transcripts and higher N50 values in the one-to-one ortholog sets relative to the reference transcriptomes indicate that the one-to-one orthologs represent a set of approximately full-length high quality genes that occur once and only once in both transcriptome assemblies. More than half (PA-Microphallus: 51.7%; PE-Microphallus: 51.2%) of the BUSCO genes are retained in this reduced gene set, further indicating that our filtering steps likely removed poor ...

The purpose of this thesis is to obtain an understanding of parasite ecology and the incidence of black spot disease in freshwater fish. Parasite morphology, transmission, and life cycles are important to understand before being able to control a parasite. Uvulifer ambloplitis is a larval trematode worm that infects freshwater fish and causes a black pigment to be produced in response to its metacercariae stage. Other immune responses and effects on the intermediate hosts, fish and snails, are examined. A study was done on the fish of Rutledge Creek, Virginia to take a closer look at the epidemiology of this parasite. A flourishing parasite community at Rutledge Creek can be an indicator of good stream health and quality. Typically, the prevention and control of trematode parasites focuses on molluscicidal chemicals and plants.

Photo 2. Adult Metagonimus yokagawai. This is the most common heterophyid fluke of the Far East but is also found in the Mediterranean basin. The life cycle is similar to that of Heterophyes and the eggs of the two species can only be separated with difficulty. The adult worm shown here is also very small (1.4 x 0.6 mm) and lives in the upper and middle jejunum. Several genera of snails including Semisulcospira (see Table XI) are the first intermediate hosts for the species; the cercariae encyst on fish. (x35). ...

DE CARVALHO, Gílcia A.; UETA, Marlene T. e DE ANDRADE, Carlos F. S.. Search of natural occurrence of xiphidiocercariae (Trematoda) in fresh water snails of nine counties from São Paulo State, Brazil. Bol. chil. parasitol. [online]. 2001, vol.56, n.1-2, pp.3-9. ISSN 0365-9402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0365-94022001000100003.. Xiphidiocercariae, aquatic larval stages of some trematodes are considered a potential instrument for biological control of mosquitoes. In this study we evaluated its natural occurrence in Campinas region and two places in Vale do Ribeira (Registro and Miracatu), São Paulo State. Snails were obtained from fresh water collections from September 1996 to February 1999. The species collected were Lymnaea columella, Physa marmorata, Biomphalaria tenagophila, Biomphalaria sp., Drepanotrema cimex, D. lucidum and Drepanotrema sp. Fasciola hepatica, xiphidiocercariae (Haematoloechidae) and echinostomatid cercariae were detected in the lymnaeids snails from Miracatu, SP. In the ...

Life cycle stages of Glypthelmins pennsylvaniensis. A. Egg with miricidium. B. Hatched eggs. Note operculum. C. Sporocyst. D. Cercaria. E. Cercaria penetrating the tail of a Pseudacris triseriata tadpole. F. Two cercariae migrating in the tissue of the tail of a tadpole of P. triseriata. G. Formed metacercaria in the tail of a tadpole of P. triseriata. H. Twelve day old metacercaria from the tissue of a P. triseriata tadpole. I. Cercaria attached to a tadpole of Rana blairi. J. Close up of J. K. Metacercaria in the tail of a R. blairi tadpole. L. Cercaria penetrating the tail of Bufo woodhousii tadpole. ...

Heres Lepidapedon, a lepocreadiid digenean. Lepocreadiids are very common in marine fishes and are almost a prototypical digenean; they have oral and ventral suckers, two testes (the big medial blue blobs), one ovary (darker blue blob in front), a lot of cortical vitelline follicles for making egg shells (the brown blobs all round the outside) and a lightly spiny tegument, which probably aids them in holding onto the intestinal mucosa of their teleost fish hosts. Like all digeneans, they have complex life cycles involving a mollusk first intermediate host, but in most cases, including this one, that host is not known. After the mollusk comes a crustacean of some sort, again unknown in this case, which is actively penetrated by the cercarial stage that emerges from the mollusk. The definitive fish host becomes infected by eating the crustacean. This Lepidapedon is from the intestine of the butterfish, Peprilus triacanthus, a common midwater schooling fish on the Atlantic coast ...

Read, Clark P., 1921-1973. Part 1: The life history and morphology of Rhopalias Macracanthus Chandler (Trematoda) Part 2: Studies of North American helminths of the capillaria Zeder, 1800 (Nematoda). (1948) Masters, Rice University. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/89589 ...

Body usually bipartite; hindbody shorter or longer than forebody, rarely conical. Anterior extremity trilobate; pseudosuckers present. Oral sucker, ventral sucker and pharynx small; caeca reaching close to posterior extremity. Holdfast organ round or elliptical, with median slit. Testes tandem; anterior asymmetrical; posterior symmetrical, bilobed, ventrally concave, with lobes more or less longitudinally elongate. Ovary ellipsoidal or ovoid, pretesticular, lateral to and contiguous with anterior testis. Vitellarium in fore- and hindbody, extending forward beyond ventral sucker. Copulatory bursa in form of cavity of variable depth with opening of short hermaphroditic duct at its base. Small genital papilla very occasionally present. In intestine of various birds. Cosmopolitan. Metacercariae of diplostomum type, in fishes. Cercariae with four large penetration glands posterior to ventral sucker; flame-cell formula 2[(1+1+1)+(1+1+1+2)]= 16 ...

Development of Halipegus eccentricus cistophorus cercaria in an experimentally infected Physa gyrina snail first intermediate host. Note the emergence of the cercaria body through the delivery tube (E-I).. ...

Bakker, K. E. and Davids, C. (1973). Notes on the life history of Aspidogaster conchicola Baer, 1826 (Trematoda; Aspidogastridae). Journal of Helminthology 47, 269-276.. Ferguson, M. A., Cribb, T.H. and Smales,,L.R. (1999). Life cycle and biology of Sychnocotyle khola n.g., n.sp. (Trematoda, Aspidogastrea) in Emydura macquarii (Pleurodira: Chelidae) from southern Queensland, Australia. Systematic Parasitology 43, 41-48.. Huehner, M. K. and Etges, F. J. (1972a). Experimental transmission of Aspidogaster conchicola von Baer, 1827. Journal of Parasitology 58, 109.. Huehner, M. K. and Etges, F. J. (1977). The life cycle and development of Aspidogaster conchicola in the snails, Viviparus malleatus and Goniobasis livescens. Journal of Parasitology 63, 669-674.. Huehner, M. K. and Etges, F. J. (1981). Encapsulation of Aspidogaster conchicola (Trematoda: Aspidogastrea) by unionid mussels. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 37, 123-128.. Rohde, K. (1972). The Aspidogastrea, especially Multicotyle purvisi ...

Bakker, K. E. and Davids, C. (1973). Notes on the life history of Aspidogaster conchicola Baer, 1826 (Trematoda; Aspidogastridae). Journal of Helminthology 47, 269-276.. Ferguson, M. A., Cribb, T.H. and Smales,,L.R. (1999). Life cycle and biology of Sychnocotyle khola n.g., n.sp. (Trematoda, Aspidogastrea) in Emydura macquarii (Pleurodira: Chelidae) from southern Queensland, Australia. Systematic Parasitology 43, 41-48.. Huehner, M. K. and Etges, F. J. (1972a). Experimental transmission of Aspidogaster conchicola von Baer, 1827. Journal of Parasitology 58, 109.. Huehner, M. K. and Etges, F. J. (1977). The life cycle and development of Aspidogaster conchicola in the snails, Viviparus malleatus and Goniobasis livescens. Journal of Parasitology 63, 669-674.. Huehner, M. K. and Etges, F. J. (1981). Encapsulation of Aspidogaster conchicola (Trematoda: Aspidogastrea) by unionid mussels. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 37, 123-128.. Rohde, K. (1972). The Aspidogastrea, especially Multicotyle purvisi ...

My research interests are in the broad area of parasite ecology. Ecology is the study of interactions of organisms with each other and with their environment. A parasites lives on, or in, a living host during some part of its life. A host, therefore, is both another organism and the parasites environment. Consequently, there are many fascinating ecological questions to be addressed surrounding host-parasite relationships. Both hosts and parasites vary widely in their biological characteristics. Some parasites have complex life cycles involving multiple hosts while others have direct life cycles. In any case, one of the main challenges to success as a parasite is successful transmission of offspring into new hosts. I am interested in how various aspects of host and parasite biology, as well as environmental factors, interact to structure parasite assemblages in host individuals, populations, and communities. This has led me to work with communities of larval trematodes in freshwater snails and ...

Adult worms of Parvatrema spp. (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) were found in the intestines of 2 species of migratory birds, i.e., a… Expand ...

Two species of Coitocaecum Nicoll, 1915, C. gymnophallum Nicoll, 1915 and C. michaeli n. sp., are recorded, described and figured from the intestine of Acanthopagrus australis from Moreton Bay, off south east Queensland. The holotype of C. gymnophallum Nicoll, 1915 is examined, measured and figured for comparison. C. glandulosum Yamaguti, 1934 and C. robustum Wang, 1984 are reduced to synonymy with C. gymnophallum. The host specificity of Coitocaecum spp. is discussed ...

Adults inhabit ponds, streams and rivers, preferring stagnant and muddy water of plains (Ref. 41236). Found mainly in swamps, but also occurs in the lowland rivers. More common in relatively deep (1-2 m), still water. Very common in freshwater plains (Ref. 4515, 57235). Occur in medium to large rivers, brooks, flooded fields and stagnant waters including sluggish flowing canals (Ref. 12975). Survive dry season by burrowing in bottom mud of lakes, canals and swamps as long as skin and air-breathing apparatus remain moist (Ref. 2686) and subsists on the stored fat (Ref. 1479). Feed on fish, frogs, snakes, insects, earthworms, tadpoles (Ref. 1479) and crustaceans (Ref. 2847). Undertake lateral migration from the Mekong mainstream, or other permanent water bodies, to flooded areas during the flood season and return to the permanent water bodies at the onset of the dry season (Ref. 37770). During winter and dry season, its flesh around coelomic cavity is heavily infested by a larval trematode ...

WoRMS (2018). Contracaecum spiculigerum (Rudolphi, 1809). Accessed at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=527915 on 2018-03-23 ...

Ascocotyle minuta Looss, 1899. ETYMOLOGY:Ascos (tube) + cotyle (disk) [referring to the shape of the anterior sucker being elongated within the body] and minuta (small) [referring to the small size].. SYNONYMS:Phagicola minuta (Looss, 1899) Faust, 1920; Parascocotyle minuta (Looss, 1899) Stunkard and Haviland 1924.. HISTORY: This parasite was originally described from dogs and cats in Egypt; it was also found at this time in a heron Ardea cinerea.. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Egypt.. LOCATION IN HOST: Small intestine.. PARASITE IDENTIFICATION: This small fluke is less than 0.5 mm in length. The oral sucker bears approximately 18 to 20 hooklets and leads into the conical prepharynx that is characteristic of this genus. The genital opening is just anterior to the ventral sucker. Most of the reproductive organs are posterior to the ventral sucker. The paired testes are symmetrical and located at the posterior end of the body.. The eggs have a golden brown shell and are 23 to 24 µm long by 14 µm in ...

The Capsalidae are monogeneans parasitizing skin, fins and gills of marine fishes. Some capsalids are pathogenic to cultivated fish and a few have caused epizootic events. It is a cosmopolitan family with broad host associations (elasmobranc...

Appendix A. Literature review for Littorina littorea (LL), L. saxatilis (LS), and L. obtusata (LO) documenting sample sizes and trematode species richness by site.. TABLE A1. For North America, sites are listed north to south. For Europe, sites are listed NW to SE (with the exceptions of Iceland sites, which are placed before Scandinavian sites, and United Kingdom sites, which are binned by country and then listed north to south). Following this are the number of snails sampled for each study, the number of infected snails for each study, the total species richness in the study, and the adjusted species richness (average + standard deviation) per site. Adjusted species richness is based upon Monte Carlo resampling standardized for sampling effort at 75 individuals (sites with less than 75 individuals are represented by an asterisk). The abbreviation n.d. indicates no data. References are presented below.. ...

The research includes the species identification of the developmental forms of trematodes by molecular methods. Most are flattened and leaflike or ribbonlike, although some are stout and circular in cross section.

Gurevitch, J., and L. V. Hedges. 1993. Meta-analysis: combining the results of independent experiments. Pp. 378-398 in S. M.Scheiner and J.Gurevitch, eds. Design and analysis of ecological experiments. Chapman & Hall, New York ...

My research revolves around trying to answer this question: How can fundamental studies of developmental biology & gene regulation guide our search for next generation anthelmintic solutions?. Parasitic worms cause some of the most disfiguring, debilitating & chronic infectious diseases of human & animal populations across the globe. Reliance on limited drug classes to treat affected individuals & the lack of available vaccines to induce protective immunity suggests that current experimental approaches in identifying urgently needed anthelmintics have yet to deliver sustainable solutions.. Utilising both hypothesis-led & discovery driven research approaches my laboratory is developing new strategies for controlling parasitic helminths of biomedical importance. Our area of expertise is Schistosoma mansoni, one of the three main trematode species responsible for the neglected tropical disease Schistosomiasis. More than 200 million people suffer from this chronic & debilitating disease, with 90% of ...

A phenomenon of switching of the parasite in the food chain to an accidental host is commonly observed in nature. However, there is little available data concerning the morphological descriptions of parasites that passively get into the atypical hosts and are capable, at least to some degree, of somatic growth and development of reproductive structures. A morphological survey of Diplodiscus subclavatus (Pallas, 1760) adults isolated from a digestive tract of an accidental host, Viviparus contectus (Millet, 1813), was carried out. Diplodiscus subclavatus individuals identified in prosobranch snails were morphologically similar to adult forms of the parasite described from amphibians, typical final hosts in the life cycle of this paramphistomid. The observed forms of D. subclavatus had a fully developed reproductive system, sperm in the seminal vesicle and oocytes in the ovary. The number of eggs in the uterus ranged from 3 to 17. Our research indicates that D. subclavatus individuals reach the ...

When subjected to molecular examine, species of digeneans believed to be cosmopolitan are often discovered to encompass complexes of species with narrower distributions. We current molecular and morphological proof of transcontinental distributions in two species of Apharyngostrigea Ciurea, 1924, based mostly on samples from Africa and the Americas. Sequences of cytochrome c oxidase I (CO1) and, in some samples, inside transcribed spacer (ITS), revealed Apharyngostrigea pipientis (Faust, 1918) in Tanzania (first recognized African document), Argentina, Brazil, USA and Canada. Sequences from A. pipientis additionally match beforehand revealed sequences recognized as Apharyngostrigea cornu (Zeder, 1800) originating in Mexico.. Hosts of A. pipientis surveyed embody definitive hosts from the Afrotropic, Neotropic and Nearctic, in addition to first and second intermediate hosts from the Americas, together with the kind host and sort area. As well as, metacercariae of A. pipientis had been obtained ...

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Salgado-Maldonado et al. 2005 a).. Specimens in collections: CNHE (4120 - 1); IPCAS (C - 281); USNPC (88229, 90350).. Birds (A): Intestine.. VERACRUZ: Lago El Bayo: Ardea alba ( Ortega-Olivares et al. 2008) ...

original description Martin, S. B.; Cutmore, S. C.; Cribb, T. H. (2017). Revision of Neolebouria Gibson, 1976 (Digenea: Opecoelidae), with Trilobovarium n. g., for species infecting tropical and subtropical shallow-water fishes. ,em,Systematic Parasitology.,/em, , available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-017-9707-7 [details] ...

Ultrastructure of mature spermatozoon of Anisocoelium capitellatumis described with transmission electron microscopy. The description gave evidence of some characteristics of this digenean. The male...

Alaria RX is a natural age defying cream, which claims to provide you a soft and aging free skin along with the assurance of quick results.

Larva alebo larválne štádium je nedospelé vývinové štádium živočíchov, ktoré sa buď postupným zvliekaním (nedokonalá premena) alebo prostredníctvom kukly (dokonalá premena) zmení na dospelého jedinca. Na rozdiel od mláďat sú larvy často anatomicky a morfologicky značne odlišné od dospelých jedincov. U hmyzu s dokonalou premenou nemá vonkajšie znaky imága (napr. u motýľa ide o húsenicu). Posledný instar larvy sa premieňa na kuklu. Larválne štádium je súčasťou postembryonálneho vývinu jedinca. Larvy vznikajú ako výsledok pohlavného rozmnožovania, zriedkavú výnimku tvoria brvoústovce (Cycliophora), z ktorých sa nepohlavným pučaním vytvára larva pandora. Samotné larvy pohlavného rozmnožovania nie sú schopné. Niektoré larvy sa však dokážu rozmnožovať nepohlavne. Túto vlastnosť majú larvy niektorých parazitov napríklad motolíc (Trematoda). Umožňuje im tak vytvoriť obrovské množstvo infekčných štádií, čo je nevyhnutné, ...

Worldwide, >18 million persons were infected with fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in 2002. To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for reducing prevalence and intensity of fish-borne zoonotic trematode infections in juvenile fish, we compared transmission rates at nurseries in the Red River Delta, northern Vietnam. Rates were significantly lower for nurseries that reduced snail populations and trematode egg contamination in ponds than for nurseries that did not. These interventions can be used in the development of programs for sustained control of zoonotic trematodes in farmed fish.

Prevalence and risks for fishborne zoonotic trematode infections in domestic animals in a highly endemic area of North Vietnam ...

Fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FZT), such as Clonorchis sinensis, Opistorchis viverini (Opisthorchiidae) and intestinal trematodes of the family Heterophyidae, constitute a public health hazard in Vietnam and infections with these trematodes has been linked to consumption of raw or undercooked fish from aquaculture. The FZT transmission pathways, however, are more complicated than just the presence of intermediate snail hosts in aquaculture ponds as ponds may exchange water with surrounding habitats such as rice fields and irrigation canals and thereby these surrounding habitats may be a source of snails and cercariae and contribute to FZT infection in cultured fish. This is a longitudinal descriptive study on selected farms (n = 30) in Nam Dinh Province which is endemic for FZT. At each farm, we sampled one pond, a small irrigation canal used to supply the pond with water, and a nearby rice field. At each of these three sites, we estimated the density of the FZT intermediate snail hosts and determined

Intestinal trematode infections are widespread, but most common in Asia as a reflection of cultural culinary factors.Echinostomiasis and fasciolopsiasis-infection of the intestines with flukes (flatworms) of the family Echinostomatidae is acquired by the ingestion of undercooked freshwater fish, molluscs, frogs, or vegetation. Heavy infections with these worms (2-20 mm long) may cause abdominal discomfort and diarrhoea. ...

Looking for online definition of Eurytrema in the Medical Dictionary? Eurytrema explanation free. What is Eurytrema? Meaning of Eurytrema medical term. What does Eurytrema mean?

Hagen, N.T. (1996). Parasitic castration of the green sea echinoid Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis by the nematode endoparasite Echinomermella matsi: reduced reproductive potential and reproductive death. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 24(3), 215-226. Retrieved from http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/dao/v24/n3 ...

This review examines the literature on imported (allochthonous) and local (autochthonous) cases of food-borne trematode (FBT) infections in the United States of America (USA) from 1890 to 2009. Most of the literature is concerned with imported cases of the opisthorchiids Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini. These flukes cause serious pathology in the liver and biliary system of humans. Chronic cases may induce liver (hepatocarcinoma) and bile duct (cholangiocarcinoma) cancers in humans. Clonorchiasis and opithorchiasis are preventable diseases that can be avoided by eating properly cooked freshwater fish products. Several species of lung flukes in the genus Paragonimus are local or imported FBT in the USA. The endemic cycle occurs in the USA with various local snails and crustaceans serving as intermediate hosts. Paragonimids are acquired when humans eat raw or improperly cooked freshwater crustaceans containing metacercarial cysts. Infection can cause severe lung disease and the ...

SRAC Publication No. 410 Calculating Treatments for Ponds and Tanks. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/83/. SRAC Publication No. 475 Proliferative Gill Disease (Hamburger Gill Disease). Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/122/. SRAC Publication No. 4701 Protozoan Parasites. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. https://srac.tamu.edu/index.cfm/event/getFactSheet/whichfactsheet/171/. UF/IFAS Circular 91 Nematode (Roundworm) Infections in Fish. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA091. UF/IFAS Circular 120 Fish Health Management Considerations in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems - Part 1: Introduction and General Principles. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA099. UF/IFAS Circular 121 Fish Health Management Considerations in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems - Part 2: Pathogens. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/FA100. UF/IFAS Circular 122 Fish Health Management Considerations in ...

Foodborne trematodiasis is an emerging public health problem, particularly in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region. We summarize the complex life cycle of foodborne trematodes and discuss its contextual determinants. Currently, 601.0, 293.8, 91.1, and 79.8 million people are at risk for infection with Clonorchis sinensis, Paragonimus spp., Fasciola spp., and Opisthorchis spp., respectively. The relationship between diseases caused by trematodes and proximity of human habitation to suitable freshwater bodies is examined. Residents living near freshwater bodies have a 2.15-fold higher risk (95% confidence interval 1.38-3.36) for infections than persons living farther from the water. Exponential growth of aquaculture may be the most important risk factor for the emergence of foodborne trematodiasis. This is supported by reviewing aquaculture development in countries endemic for foodborne trematodiasis over the past 10-50 years. Future and sustainable control of foodborne trematodiasis is discussed

ABSTRACT: The digenean trematode Proctoeces maculatus is an important parasite of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. The parasite reduces mussel quality and yield, negatively impacting mussel aquaculture efforts. Typically, the trematode is detected by visual observation. To provide a better diagnostic tool able to detect this parasite at any life stage and at low intensities, we designed a species-specific molecular assay to detect P. maculatus in M. edulis tissue. Primers targeting the 18S nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from P. maculatus were used to develop an end-point polymerase chain reaction assay and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Analytical specificity of the assays was demonstrated using DNA from 4 other digenean trematodes. The qPCR assay was linear from 6.79 × 102 to 6.79 × 107 copies of the cloned target DNA and had a conservative detection limit of 68 copies. The qPCR assay detected single cercariae, and the number of isolated cercariae was linearly correlated ...

Looking for online definition of Digenea in the Medical Dictionary? Digenea explanation free. What is Digenea? Meaning of Digenea medical term. What does Digenea mean?

ABSTRACT. This study was carried out to establish whether cattle can develop resistance to re-infection by Calicophoron microbothrium by assessing the response of intestinal mucosal globule leukocytes, eosinophils, mast cells and basophils, and the establishment of the parasite in the host. A total of 24 1-year-old Tuli steers were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each and infected with C. microbothrium metacercariae. On the first day of the study, animals in Groups I and II were immunized with 5 000 metacercariae and then challenged with 15 000 metacercariae on Day 150 post-immunization. Animals in Group III were immunized with 15 000 metacercariae at the same time that Groups I and II animals were challenged to act as a positive control group. Animals in Group IV were left uninfected and acted as a negative control group. Three animals from each group were slaughtered on Day 28 post-challenge and the remainder were slaughtered on Day 42 post-challenge. The established ...

Forster, P. I., 1989: New host records (Family Asclepiadaceae) for Euploea core corinna (W.S. Macleay) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Queensland

The role of antagonistic organismal interactions in the production of long-term macroevolutionary trends has been debated for decades. Some evidence seems to suggest that temporal trends in predation frequency share a common causative mechanism with genus-level diversity, whereas studies on the role of parasites in shaping the evolutionary process are rare indeed. Digenean trematodes (Phylum Platyhelminthes) infest molluscs in at least one stage of their complex life cycle. Trematodes leave characteristic oval-shaped pits with raised rims on the interior of their bivalve hosts, and these pits are preserved in the fossil record. Here we survey 11,785 valves from the Pleistocene-Holocene deposits of the Po Plain and from nearby modern coastal environments on the northeast Adriatic coast of Italy. Of these, 205 valves exhibited trematode-induced pits. Trematodes were selective parasites in terms of host taxonomy and host body size. Infestation was restricted to lower ...

Edwards, Shirley J.; Kirby, Margie D.; Segal, Dorothy B.; Rayburn, Jane D.; Walker, Martha L. (1972). Supplement 18, Part 3, Parasite-Subject Catalogue: Parasites: Trematoda And Cestoda. United States Government Printing Office. Available electronically from http : / /hdl .handle .net /1969 .1 /92101. ...

Dear Sir, I am Dr.Rathinam, an ophthalmologist, I have published two papers on possible trematode infection of eyes of South Indian children. As an expert in the field, can you give me some input on prevalence of trematode infection in India? I have been asked to deliver a talk in World Ophthalmology Conference at Brazil, on Trematode eye disease, Thanking you in advance With warm regards, Yours sincerely, Dr. S.R.Rathinam Prof. of Ophthalmology and Head of uveitis service Aravind Eye Hospital & PG. Institute of Ophthalmology 1. Anna Nagar,Madurai 625 020,Tamil Nadu, India Ph:91- 0452-5356123,Fax : 91-452-2530984 email: rathinam at aravind.org, www.aravind.org ,http://www.aravind.org/, -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/schisto/attachments/20060207/3842c5c4/attachment.html ...

This group comprises drugs mainly used for trematode infections such as e.g. schistosomiasis. Niclosamide, which is also used in trematode infections, is classified in P02DA ...

A cross sectional study was carried out from October 2010 to April 2011 in Gondar Elfora Abattoir to determine the prevalence of paramphistomosis in cattle (local, cross) breeds which were came from highland, mid highland and lowland areas. Three hundred eighty-four (384) cattle were included for routine ante-mortem and postmortem examination for the presence of paramphistomum. The parasite was examined grossly and under microscope to appreciate the morphology of adult paramphistomum. Out of 384 cattle examined, 199 (51.82%) were found to be positive for paramphistomosis. From 199 infected cattle fluke burden at organ level 125(62.81%) was in rumen, 40(20.1%) was in reticulum and 34(17.09%) was found mixed (rumen and reticulum). The existence of paraphistomum in respect to organ and origin, 56(44.80%) was in rumen and 20(50%) was found in reticulum predominantly in high and low land respectively. The highest infection of cattle with paramphistomum species was found during October to November. However

Echinoparyphium aconiatum; Global climate change; Heat wave; Lymnaea; stagnalis; Resistance to infection; Host-parasite interaction; Experimental ...

In this study, specificity of snail feet and hepatopancreases antigens in antibody detection of their trematode parasite was evaluated via Western blot technique. Snails, of two different families, antigens; Lymnaea cailliaudi as intermediate host of Fasciola gigantica and Biomphalaria alexandrina as intermediate host of Paramphistomum microbothrium, were evaluated in detection of IgG antibodies against their trematode parasites after preparation of the required Hyper-Immune Sera (HIS) in rabbits. The results revealed higher specificity of snail feet in antibody detection than hepatopancreases antigens. Where, three of sex polypeptides of L. cailliaudi feet antigen; identified by F. gigantica HIS, showed specific positive reactivity. These polypeptides were at molecular weights of 59, 57 and 52 kDa. While, one of sex polypeptides of L. cailliaudi hepatopancreases antigen; identified by F. gigantica HIS, at molecular weight of 57 kDa was specific. Similarly, two polypeptides of B. alexandrina ...

GONZALEZ-ACUNA, Daniel et al. Parasites of the Green-backed Firecrown (Sephanoides sephaniodes) in Chile. Rev. Mex. Biodiv. [online]. 2011, vol.82, n.4, pp.1333-1336. ISSN 2007-8706.. Gastrointestinal and external parasites from 12 Green-backed Firecrown (Sephanoides sephaniodes) were collected between January 2004 and December 2008 from the Biobío Region south-central Chile and Santiago (central Chile). Helminths collected included 1 trematode species (Mosesia sp.) and 1 cestode species (Hymenolepis trinidadensis). The mite Proctophyllodes huitzilopchtlii was the only ectoparasite species found. All these parasites represent new records for Chile and the first parasites reported for this host species.. Palabras clave : birds; mites; helminths; trematodes; cestodes; Chile. ...

Identificación de Eustongylides tubifex (Nitzch in Rudolphi, 1819) (Nematoda: Dioctophymatidae) en una garza estriada (Butorides striata, Pelecaniforme: Ardeidae) en el humedal el banco, Michoacán, México

The ability of the cercariae of Trichobilharzia sp., the commonest avian schistosome in South Africa, to cause dermatitis in man is confirmed, and their progress through and resultant histopathology in rodent skin are documented. These cercariae reach the subcutaneous tissue within one hour after exposure, and some migrate to the lungs. Between 46 and 97 h later, those stranded in the skin have died, while those in the epidermis are extruded by 97 h. There were haematological changes in the peripheral blood and a rapid rise and fall in the mitotic rate of the basal epithelium of the epidermis ...

Well, we couldnt have any of that nasty adaptive evolution happening could we? Except of course that Schistosomes and Fasciola are but two representatives of trematoda, a large class of parasitic worms that include a two host cycle, with one stage usually occurring in molluscs, the second usually in vertebrates. The cercaria is common to all the trematodes. As well as the liver flukes, there are the lung Flukes (Paragonimidae) and the intestinal Flukes (Fascicoliposis). These are just the ones of disease importance to humans. Then there is Bivesiculidae, the Transversotremidae, the Lepocreadidae and on and on. Indeed there are over 180 families of trematodes which have the life cycle and larval stages (including cercaria) associated with Schistosomes. Indeed, the Schistosomes considered by Wood et al are just one genus in the family Schistosomatidae, venous system specialists that infect reptiles, birds and mammals (including humans). Then there is the family of Spirochidae, blood vessel ...

a survey of freshwater snail, bithynia funiculata, was conducted in four locations, doi saket, mueang, saraphi and mae rim districts of chiang mai province, northern thailand, between june and october, during the rainy season of 2004. a total of 2,240 snails was collected and classified into 7 families and 15 genera; of which 352 b. funiculata were obtained. b. funiculata was found most abundant in july and september. the infection rate of trematode cercariae in b. funiculata was 9.6% (19/352 ...

The Journal of Parasitology publishes on basic or applied aspects of general, veterinary, or medical parasitology, and epidemiology.

In the Bufo spinulosus group of Martin, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 57. Considered a distinct species by Cei, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 82-92; still treated as a subspecies of Bufo spinulosus by Gorham, 1974, Checklist World Amph.: 84. Cei, 1962, Batr. Chile: 42-44, provided an account (as Bufo spinulosus atacemensis). Sallaberry-Ayerza and Méndez-Torres, 2002, Herpetol. Rev., 33: 218-219, commented on the range and provided a range extension. Sallaberry-Ayerza, Soto-M., Correa-Quezada, and Méndez-Torres, 2007, Herpetol. Rev., 38: 214, provided range extensions and discussed the range. Correa-Quezada, Sallaberry-Ayerza, Jara-Arancio, Lobos, Soto-M., and Méndez-Torres, 2008, Check List, 4: 478-484, detailed the range in and discussed all known records as well as providing evidence of allopatry of this species and Rhinella arunco. Veloso, Sallaberry-Ayerza, Correa-Quezada, and Méndez, 2012, J. Herpetol., 46: 568-577, found an area of contact in the Estero Pupío area ...

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Poverty has been established as the driver for many diseases, both infectious and non-infectious. The major focus of research in prevention and management has taken a single disease focus. The increasing occurrence of multiple infections and diseases, however, cannot be ignored. Co-infection is the simultaneous infection of a host by multiple pathogen species, for instance multi-parasite infections. Co-infection also occurs as simultaneous infection of a single cell by two or more virus particles, which can arise incrementally by initial infection followed by superinfection. Co-infection is of particular human health importance because pathogen species can interact within the host. Interactions within the host can have either positive or negative effects on each of the co-infecting parasite species. Under positive parasite interactions, disease transmission and progression are enhanced. Syndemics refers to the aggregation of two or more diseases or afflictions in a population where there is a ...

INTRODUCTION: ZOONOSES There are more helminth parasites of lower animals infecting humans than any other group of animal parasites. Nematodes, cestodes and trematode infections abound in nature and are

1.Community assembly is a fundamental process that has long been a central focus in ecology. Extending community assembly theory to communities of co-infecting parasites, we used a gastrointestinal nematode removal experiment in free-ranging African buffalo to examine community assembly patterns and processes. 2.We first asked whether reassembled communities differ from undisturbed communities by comparing anthelmintic-treated and control hosts. Next, we examined the temporal dynamics of assembly using a cross-section of communities that reassembled for different ...

Risk factors cialis price for substance use in pregnant women in South Africa. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy in children with chronic liver disease: Prevalence, pathogenesis and magnetic resonance-based diagnosis. Development and validation of a physical examination scale to assess vaginal atrophy and inflammation.. However, PLA-NP exposure may induce modification of biological functions of A549 cells, which should be considered when designing drug delivery systems. Inaccurate diagnosis can cialis pills for sale lead to unnecessary treatments including surgical intervention. Trematode Fluke Procerovum varium as Cause of Ocular Inflammation in Children, South cialis reviews by men India. Clinical data on this new renal replacement modality are lacking.. However, as current health care resources are limited, pharmacist DRP services cannot be provided to all patients. Scallops were cialis patent expiration date extended exposed for one week to two different strains of A. With the advent of new ...

International journal that covers all branches of parasitology, including morphology, taxonomy, molecular biology, host-parasite relationships, parasite evolution, biochemistry, physiology and immunology. ...

Caski and HeLa cell surface ultrastructure (X5000) after treatment with 20 µmol/l β-sitosterol for 24 hours: A, C) control group, Caski and HeLa cells; B, D)

Within this broad description we can find a wealth of detail; I reviewed much of that detail in a 2002 book (Moore, 2002), and will describe a fraction of it here. When we think of manipulative parasites, the challenge of getting to the host occupies much of our attention, although enhancing parasite survival and reproduction does not lag far behind. Indeed, what seems to be the earliest suggestion of parasite manipulation of a host was tied to possible trophic consequences. I hesitate to call this suggestion one about transmission, because in 1853, when Siebold [cited in Kagan (Kagan, 1951); see also Ahrens (1810), cited in Lewis (Lewis, 1977)] wondered whether the pulsating tentacles of snails infected with Leucochloridium might attract predators, the first trematode life cycle had yet to be discovered. Of course, Leucochloridium in snails is highly visible - the snails are said to crawl out into lighted areas, and the striped broodsacs pulsate; this visibility is something to keep in mind as ...

Digenea are a type of flatworms. They are parasites. They have two suckers, usually. One of them is ventral (on the belly), and the other is oral (where the mouth is). ...

Compared with the history of research on the range of health effects of DES daughters, there are relatively few published medical research studies conducted with DES sons. And yet, the finding that prenatal DES exposure also led to detrimental effects for a number of exposed males has existed since the 1970s (Andonian and Kessler, 1979; Bibbo et al., 1977; Gill et al., 1979; Gill, et al., 1988; Laitman et al., 1997). These effects include a variety of structural abnormalities of the reproductive system such as epididymal (benign) cysts, hypoplastic testes or undescended testes (chryptorchidism), microphallus or underdeveloped penis which may be associated with an intersex condition, and hypospadias (opening of the penis is on the underside rather than at the end). Although DES exposure has been suspected as a possible source of male infertility and testicular cancer (Giusti, Iwamato, and Hatch, 1995, it is still uncertain whether prenatal DES exposure has led to increased risk of infertility ...

ID A0A183JXR4_9TREM Unreviewed; 990 AA. AC A0A183JXR4; DT 07-SEP-2016, integrated into UniProtKB/TrEMBL. DT 07-SEP-2016, sequence version 1. DT 27-SEP-2017, entry version 9. DE SubName: Full=Uncharacterized protein {ECO:0000313,WBParaSite:SCUD_0000751201-mRNA-1}; OS Schistosoma curassoni. OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Platyhelminthes; Trematoda; Digenea; Strigeidida; OC Schistosomatoidea; Schistosomatidae; Schistosoma. OX NCBI_TaxID=6186 {ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000050789, ECO:0000313,WBParaSite:SCUD_0000751201-mRNA-1}; RN [1] {ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000050789, ECO:0000313,WBParaSite:SCUD_0000751201-mRNA-1} RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE. RG Helminth Genomes Consortium; RL Submitted (MAR-2015) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [2] {ECO:0000313,WBParaSite:SCUD_0000751201-mRNA-1} RP IDENTIFICATION. RG WormBaseParasite; RL Submitted (JUN-2016) to UniProtKB. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the potassium channel family. CC {ECO:0000256,SAAS:SAAS00692852}. CC ...

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First lay the fish in your hand with its head toward your palm and the tail toward your fingers. Hold the dorsal spine between your middle and ring finger so the fish is belly up and you wont get punctured by the sharp fin spines (which hurts - be careful). The genital pore is in a small furrow of tissue (in healthy fish) and will be obstructed by the pelvic fins. Pull down on the tail gently to arch the fishes spine and the pelvic fins will stand and the furrow open to display the genital pore and the anus of the fish. The male has a somewhat ridged genital papillae on which the spermatoduct is on the back side, facing the tail fin. A gravid female will also show an extended papillae but the oviduct is on the ventral side of the papillae. It may also show a little redness if really gravid. A thin or emaciated female will have just two pink pores, the oviduct and the anus ...

Found in free swimming parasitic copepods captured in plankton nets. Transfers from one copepod host to another when these crustacean parasites are mating (a sexual disease of copepods). May feed on parasitic copepods instead of fish host; covers these crustacean parasites with eggs that are probably detrimental. May harm other parasites and may actually benefit fish host (Ref. 359). Members of the class Trematoda are parasitic, thus requires a host to survive. Life cycle: Eggs are passed on to the feces of the hosts. Embryos hatch into miracidia and penetrate the tissues of snails where they further undergo three stages: sporocysts (Ref. 833). ...

Flukes or trematodes are parasites that cause cause a variety of infections in humans. Flukes are classified as blood flukes, liver flukes, lung flukes, and intestinal flukes.

There is no guarantee of specific results. Results can vary. All material provided on the DrFuhrman.com website is provided for informational or educational purposes only. Consult a physician regarding the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your symptoms or medical condition. ...