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Repeated dose toxicity: oral The repeated dose toxicity LOEL (Lowest observed effect level) of 5-nitrosalicylic acid to rat by the oral (Feed) route was estimated at a dose concentration of 452.16 mg/kg bw/day.On the basis of this LOEL value it is concluded that the test substance is not toxic to rat by the oral route below the above mentioned dose. Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation The repeated dose toxicity LOEL (Low observed effect level) of 5-nitrosalicylic acid to mouse by the inhalation route was estimated at a dose concentration of 19.56 mg/kg bw/day.On the basis of this LOEL value it is concluded that the test substance is not toxic to mouse by the inhalative route below the above mentioned dose. Repeated dose toxicity: dermal The repeated dose toxicity NOAEL (No observed adverse effect level) of 5-nitrosalicylic acid to rabbit by the dermal route was estimated at a dose concentration of 766.666 mg/kg bw/day.On the basis of this NOAEL value it is concluded that the test substance is not ...

All about Principles for the Toxicological Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Food: Environmental Health Criteria Series 104 by ILO. LibraryThing is a cataloging and social networking site for booklovers

This paper aimed to evaluate the test results of acute toxicity on effluent samples which were exempted from applying of ecotoxicity criteria. Total 316 effluent samples which were free from controlling of ecotoxicity regulation, were tested. Ratio of effluent samples which were exceeded the ecotoxicity criteria (TU > 1) indicated 23.7%. This ratio was a little bit higher than previous study (22.7%) on effluent samples which were controlled under ecotoxicity criteria. These results mean that our ecotoxicity management system is not appropriate and applying of ecotoxicity criteria to all effluent samples (82 industry categories) were needed in order to improve our ecotoxicity system. In addition, the same numeric criteria (TU 1 or 2) for all industry categories were proposed in consideration of these results. Ratio of effluent samples which exceeded the ecotoxicity criteria (TU > 1) with D. magna indicated 23.7%. However V. fischeri showed 14.6%. As a acute toxicity test organism, D. magna seemed ...

Article Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK) Market - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2012 - 2018. Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) is a colorless organic compound naturally occurring in grapes, orange, and vinegar. MIBK can...

The regulatory evaluation of ecotoxicity studies for environmental risk and/or hazard assessment of chemicals is often performed using the method established by Klimisch and colleagues in 1997. The method was, at that time, an important step toward improved evaluation of study reliability, but lately it has been criticized for lack of detail and guidance, and for not ensuring sufficient consistency among risk assessors. A new evaluation method was thus developed: Criteria for Reporting and Evaluating ecotoxicity Data (CRED). The CRED evaluation method aims at strengthening consistency and transparency of hazard and risk assessment of chemicals by providing criteria and guidance for reliability and relevance evaluation of aquatic ecotoxicity studies. A two-phased ring test was conducted to compare and characterize the differences between the CRED and Klimisch evaluation methods. A total of 75 risk assessors from 12 countries participated. Results show that the CRED evaluation method provides a more

A 4-week Repeated dose Oral Toxicity Study of Mecasin in Sprague-Dawley Rats to Determine the Appropriate Doses for a 13-week, Repeated Toxicity Test - four week repeated toxicity test;gami jakyak gamcho buja decoction (mecasin);herbal medicine;sprague-dawley rat;

A 4-week Repeated dose Oral Toxicity Study of Mecasin in Sprague-Dawley Rats to Determine the Appropriate Doses for a 13-week, Repeated Toxicity Test;kpubs;kpubs.org

While direct toxicity assessment (DTA) is now widely recognised as a useful tool for environmental risk assessment, many existing tests fail to meet end-user needs. This article describes the significant progress made to the MICREDOX® DTA assay, developed at Lincoln Ventures Ltd, brought about by miniaturising this assay to a multi-well plate format combined with limiting current microelectrode transduction. The benefits have been reduced: preparation time, reduced assay time, lower material costs and a higher level of replication achieved. To validate the precision of the miniaturised format, the concentrations required to cause a 50% decrease in signal (EC50) by an archetypal group of toxicants, the chlorophenols, were determined using two terrestrial bacterial strains, Escherichia coli K12 and Klebsiella oxytoca 13183. The assay time was then reduced by stepwise adjustment of the incubation time, from 60 down to 5 min, and the EC50s reported by E. coli to each of the toxicants after 45, 30, ...

The need for alternative approaches to the use of vertebrate animals for hazard assessment of chemicals and pollutants has become of increasing importance. It is now the first consideration when initiating a vertebrate ecotoxicity test, to ensure that unnecessary use of vertebrate organisms is minimized wherever possible. For some regulatory purposes, the use of vertebrate organisms for environmental risk assessments has been banned; in other situations, the number of organisms tested has been dramatically reduced or the severity of the procedure refined. However, there is still a long way to go to achieve a complete replacement of vertebrate organisms to generate environmental hazard data. The development of animal alternatives is based not just on ethical considerations but also on reducing the cost of performing vertebrate ecotoxicity tests and in some cases on providing better information aimed at improving environmental risk assessments. The present Focus article provides an overview of the ...

Neurodegenerative properties of acrylamide were studied in vitro by exposure of differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells for 72 h. The number of neurites per cell and the total cellular protein content were determined every 24 h throughout the exposure and the subsequent 96-h recovery period. Using kinetic data on the metabolism of acrylamide in rat, a biokinetic model was constructed in which the in vitro toxicity data were integrated. Using this model, we estimated the acute and subchronic toxicity of acrylamide for the rat in vivo. These estimations were compared to experimentally derived lowest observed effect doses (LOEDs) for daily intraperitoneal exposure (1, 10, 30, and 90 days) to acrylamide. The estimated LOEDs differed maximally twofold from the experimental LOEDs, and the nonlinear response to acrylamide exposure over time was simulated correctly. It is concluded that the integration of the present in vitro toxicity data with kinetic data gives adequate estimates of acute and ...

According to „Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Part B: Hazard assessment derivation of DNELs is not necessary if no adverse effects have been observed in studies at the highest recommended concentrations/doses tested. In all available acute toxicity tests Acetoguanamine is reported to cause no adverse effects at the highest recommended dose. Therefore no acute DNELs could be derived. No data from repeated dose toxicity studies, reproductive studies (including developmental toxicity) and carcinogenity studies are available for Acetoguanamine. These studies are necessary to evaluate possible long term effects and derive long term DNELs on the basis of a reliable dose descriptor N(L)OAEL, benchmark dose etc. Because of this reason the registrant will derive long term DNELs for Acetoguanamine in case that adverse effects should appear in the proposed repeated dose studies. ...

According to „Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment Part B: Hazard assessment derivation of DNELs is not necessary if no adverse effects have been observed in studies at the highest recommended concentrations/doses tested. In all available acute toxicity tests Acetoguanamine is reported to cause no adverse effects at the highest recommended dose. Therefore no acute DNELs could be derived. No data from repeated dose toxicity studies, reproductive studies (including developmental toxicity) and carcinogenity studies are available for Acetoguanamine. These studies are necessary to evaluate possible long term effects and derive long term DNELs on the basis of a reliable dose descriptor N(L)OAEL, benchmark dose etc. Because of this reason the registrant will derive long term DNELs for Acetoguanamine in case that adverse effects should appear in the proposed repeated dose studies. ...

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Cell Culture Methods for in vitro Toxicology introduces the reader to a range of techniques involved in the use of in vitro cell culture in toxicological studies. It deals with major cell types studie

rdf:RDF xmlns:dcterms=http://purl.org/dc/terms/ xmlns:dc=http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ xmlns:rdf=http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# xmlns:bibo=http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/ xmlns:dspace=http://digital-repositories.org/ontologies/dspace/0.1.0# xmlns:foaf=http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ xmlns:void=http://rdfs.org/ns/void# xmlns:xsd=http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# , ,rdf:Description rdf:about=https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/rdf/resource/123456789/33264, ,dc:contributor,Grinberg, Marianna,/dc:contributor, ,dc:creator,Hengstler, Jan G.,/dc:creator, ,void:sparqlEndpoint rdf:resource=http://localhost/fuseki/dspace/sparql/, ,dc:contributor,Sachinidis, Agapios,/dc:contributor, ,dc:creator,Liebing, Julia,/dc:creator, ,foaf:homepage rdf:resource=http://localhost:8080/jspui/, ,dcterms:abstract xml:lang=eng,Test systems to identify developmental toxicants are urgently needed. A combination of human stem cell technology and transcriptome analysis was to provide a proof of ...

Article The fish embryo toxicity test as a replacement for the larval growth and survival test: A comparison of test sensitivity and identification of alternative endpoints in zebrafish and fathead minnows. The fish embryo toxicity (FET) test has bee...

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ASTM E724 : Standard Guide for Conducting Static Acute Toxicity Tests Starting with Embryos of Four Species of Saltwater Bivalve Molluscs

The Rio Grande River is the natural boundary between U.S. and Mexico from El Paso, TX to Brownsville, TX. and is one of the major water resources of the area. Agriculture, farming, maquiladora industry, domestic activities, as well as differences in disposal regulations and enforcement increase the contamination potential of water supplies along the border region. Therefore, continuous and accurate assessment of the quality of water supplies is of paramount importance. The objectives of this study were to monitor water quality of the Rio Grande and to determine if any correlations exist between fecal coliforms, E. coli, chemical toxicity as determined by Botsfords assay, H. pylori presence, and environmental parameters. Seven sites along a 112-Km segment of the Rio Grande from Sunland Park, NM to Fort Hancock, TX were sampled on a monthly basis between January 2000 and December 2002. The results showed great variability in the number of fecal coliforms, and E. coli on a month-to-month basis. Fecal

1. Relevant Toxicology Data, exposure pattern and route The calculation of the DNEL is based on the results of a 28 day repeated dose toxicity study in rats (OECD 407). The oral administration of the test material resulted in microscopic changes in the mid- and high-dose groups in the adrenals, kidneys, and stomach/forestomach. The effects on the adrenals were accompanied by an increased organ weight. The FOB (functional observational battery) identified decreased landing foot splay in the mid- and high-dose females, and also decreased rectal temperature in the high-dose females. A NOAEL for systemic toxicity was established at 150 mg/kg bw. 2. Mode of action No non-threshold mode of action is associated with this substance, in particular, the test substance has no genotoxic potential. 3. Correction of dose descriptor NOAEL (oral) is converted into a NOAEL(corrected) in accordance to Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.8: Characterization of dose ...

Companies develop a budget based on their expectations for their most likely level of sales and expenses. Often, a company can expect that their production and sales volume will vary from budget period to budget period. They can use their various expected levels of production to create a flexible budget that includes these different levels of production. Then, they can modify the flexible budget when they have their actual production volume and compare it to the flexible budget for the same production volume. A flexible budget is more complicated, requires a solid understanding of a companys fixed and variable expenses, and allows for greater control over changes that occur throughout the year. For example, suppose a proposed sale of items does not occur because the expected client opted to go with another supplier. In a static budget situation, this would result in large variances in many accounts due to the static budget being set based on sales that included the potential large client. A ...

Daqo New Energy provides non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP gross margin, EBITDA and EBITDA margin on a non-GAAP basis to provide supplemental information regarding its operating performance. For more information on these non-GAAP financial measures, please see the section captioned Non-GAAP Financial Measures and the tables captioned Reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to comparable US GAAP measures set forth at the end of this press release.. ** Production cost and cash cost only refer to production in our Xinjiang polysilicon facilities. Production cost is calculated by the inventoriable costs relating to production of polysilicon in Xinjiang divided by the production volume in the quarter. Cash cost is calculated by the inventoriable costs relating to production of polysilicon excluding depreciation expense of Xinjiang divided by the production volume in the quarter.. We are proud that the Company continues to deliver excellent performances in the second quarter of 2014 and ...

The Brazilian sugar and alcohol sector will grind a record-breaking volume of sugarcane this year according to results of a second national crop survey, released last week by Conab. The results show that the total harvest is expected to reach 629.02 million tons, a 10% increase over 2008. The growth is a result of better distribution of rainfall and expanded planted area, which reached 7.74 million hectares.

Video created by University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for the course Managerial Accounting: Tools for Facilitating and Guiding Business Decisions. After establishing goals, setting targets, and the budget, upper management uses variance ...

A reliable oral Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test withN-(2-(4-amino-N-ethyl-m-toluidino)ethyl)methanesulphonamide sesquisulphate (CAS 25646-71-3) is available and was performed according to OECD 422 (van Otterdijk, 2018) and in compliance with GLP. Groups of 10 male and 10 female Wistar rats were exposed to the test substance at dose levels of 5, 15 and 50 mg/kg bw/day by oral gavage once daily for 7 days/week. Males were treated for 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating, and up to termination (for 29 days). Females that delivered offspring were treated for 2 weeks prior to mating, during mating, during gestation, and at least 13-15 days of lactation (for 50-56 days). One female, which failed to deliver, was treated for 41 days. Control animals (10 per sex and dose) received the concurrent vehicle, water, only. Dose levels in this study were based on the results of a dose range finding study. In this range finding study, rats ...

Aquatic toxicity tests were originally designed for individual compounds that are soluble and stable in water. For sparingly soluble substances that are not toxic at the solubility limit, the issue is whether tests should be performed with insoluble test substance present. Based on a literature evaluation of the physiology of uptake, it was concluded that only the dissolved fraction is available for uptake and that the insoluble test substance may introduce artifacts that aggravate data interpretation. Therefore, toxicity tests should be conducted only up to the solubility limit. Testing of volatile, unstable, or adsorptive substances is complicated by the ability to keep exposure concentrations relatively constant. For these, appropriate test protocols including adequate design of the dosing systems must be employed. For test medium preparation, physical methods and, where necessary, use of low concentrations of certain solvents are recommended to support handling and speed of dissolution. ...

Eve Mourier, Christophe Richard, Pascale Chavatte-Palmer. The use of in vivo imaging to study pregnancy in non-rodent animals. 6. International Scientific Meeting - Days of Veterinary Medicine 2015, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO). BEL., Sep 2015, Struga, Macedonia. 67 p., ⟨10.14432/j.macvetrev.2015.09.056⟩. ⟨hal-02741591⟩ ...

Plasma samples (5animals/sex/group) were collected from 100, 200 and 2000 ppm diphenyl sulphone dosed treatment groups, including control groups, after 1 and 12 weeks of treatment (this study was part of the 90 -day toxicity study in rats; ICI, 1981). These samples were then stored at -20° C whilst a reverse phase HPLC method was developed and validated . Pooled samples were then analysed for test article using this analytical procedure. The plasma diphenyl sulphone levels of treated animals showed a positive but non-linear correlation with dose. Circulating levels of diphenyl sulphone were comparable at the week 1 and 12 investigations for the 100 and 200 ppm dosed group. However, during week 12 group 2000 ppm dosed males showed a fall in plasma level when compared to week 1, whilst the plasma diphenyl sulphone level of 2000 ppm dosed females rose against the week 1 value. Consequently, on this occasion the plasma concentration shown by females was some four times higher than that of the ...

Preclinical toxicity studies have demonstrated that exposure of laboratory animals to liver enzyme inducers during preclinical safety assessment results in a signature of toxicological changes characterized by an increase in liver weight, hepatocellular hypertrophy, cell proliferation, and, frequently in long-term (life-time) studies, hepatocarcinogenesis.

An anterolateral view (left side) of the blood supply of the male reproductive organs and lower limbs relative to the skeleton. The surface anatomy of the body is semi-transparent and tinted red. - Stock Image F002/2443

An anterior view of the blood supply of the male reproductive organs and lower limbs relative to the skeleton. The surface anatomy of the body is semi-transparent and tinted turquoise. - Stock Image F002/2809

The Tox21 partner agencies work together to develop, validate, and translate innovative in vitro HTS methods to characterize the impact of chemicals on key steps in toxicity pathways.. Data collected in the Tox21 initiative has been used to prioritize uncharacterized compounds for regulatory testing using both traditional and novel test methods. To more broadly address challenges in the field of toxicology, in 2018 Tox21 released a new strategic and operational plan (Thomas et al. 2018) that expands the focus of its research activities. New focus areas include expanding its portfolio of alternative test systems, addressing technical limitations of in vitro test systems, curating legacy in vivo toxicity testing data, establishing scientific confidence in in vitro test systems, and refining alternative methods for characterizing pharmacokinetics and in vitro assay disposition. The eventual goal of Tox21 is to use HTS methods to generate data that will allow risk assessors to more accurately ...

The resource Dermal Absorption and Toxicity evaluation provides a state of the art evaluation of the dermal absorption method, and is split into six good equipped sections. Written by way of across the world famous specialists within the box, this moment variation is an entire revised and up-to-date textual content, overlaying the big variety of equipment used to evaluate pores and skin absorption and some of the governmental and business courses fascinated by pores and skin permeation and toxicity. those contain replacement in silico, in vitro, and in vivo ideas to behavior reports for regulatory standards. To make room for this new elevated content material, the editors are publishing a concurrent textual content entitled: Dermatological and beauty improvement with a focus on matters serious about dermatological and beauty ...

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Citation: NIEHS Technical Report on the Reproductive, Developmental, and General Toxicity Study of 3-Azido-3-deoxythymidine (AZT) and Rifabutin Combinations (CASRNs 30516-87-1 and 72559-06-9) Administered by Gavage to Swiss (CD-1®) ...

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2014;68:275-296. Thousands of man-made chemicals in use today may enter the food chain. Some of these may result in human exposure, while no toxicological data may be available. The present manuscript illustrates a decision tree for risk assessors and managers to establish fast and reliable safety levels of concern associated with dietary exposures.. Thousands of man-made chemicals are in use today. Many of these compounds may enter the food chain and result in human exposure. Since toxicological information is limited or lacking for the vast majority of these chemicals, the assessment of their health significance is therefore difficult, but envisaged.. A decision tree has been developed taking into account practical application of in silico methods. Basic concepts of classical risk assessment have been integrated: 1) exposure assessment 2) hazard identification 3) hazard characterization and 4) risk characterization.. The present work indicates that if ...

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Rubber Antioxidant, Paint Solvent, Extraction Solvent. Manufacturing cost of products and the pricing structure adopted by the market is also evaluated in the report. Other parameters crucial in determining trends in the market such as consumption demand and supply figures, cost of production, gross profit margins, and selling price of product and services is also included within the ambit of the report. The report is all around made with a combination of the basic information relying upon the important data of the worldwide market, for instance, key point responsible for fluctuation in demand with services and products.. In conclusion, it is a deep research report on Global Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK) industry. Here, we express our thanks for the support and assistance from Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK) industry chain related technical experts and marketing engineers during Research Teams survey and interviews.. Read More Reports: ...

Accuracy, discriminative properties and reliability of a human ESC-based in vitro toxicity assay to distinguish teratogens responsible for neural tube defects ...

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the pre-clinical efficacy and toxicity of polyherbal cough syrup Linkus. Method: Animals (healthy Wistar albino rats; (150 - 250 g) of either sex) were housed under standard environmental conditions; i.e. 25°C ± 1°C and 12 h dark/light cycle. Food and water were available at libitum. The rats were treated orally with the recommended doses of the test drug (Linkus). After 15 minutes, they were individually placed in a closed Plexiglas chamber (20 × 10 × 10 cm) and exposed to citric acid (0.1 g/ml) inhalation for 7 minutes. The cough reflexes were produced and counted for the last 5 minutes and compared with those of the control animals. The following studies were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of the test drug in healthy Wistar albino rats: lethal dose50 (LD50); rats of either sex (n = 10/sex) were treated orally with doses (1 or 5 g/kg) of the test drug. Mortality and behavioral changes were observed for 1 week. Repeated dose toxicity on the

We will utilize standard toxicologic assessment and high through-put toxicogenomic approaches, to gauge the relative toxicity of PM collected in regions where particles have greater and lesser effects on health outcomes. Project 3 will address potential limitations by integrating state-of-the-art genomic technologies with traditional and complementary toxicologic assessment. To exploit comparisons of pathobiologic cardiopulmonary responses to respirable airborne PM, in Phase I, we will optimize a battery of well-developed in vitro (human) and in vivo (murine) bioassays including multiple cytokines, indicators of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species burden (ROS/RNS), and biomarkers of vascular and cardiac dysfunction for assessing particle toxicity. For this purpose, we will use a set of particles having differing characteristics: standard NIOSH urban PM, Baltimore tunnel PM, ambient Baltimore air PM, New York City air PM. We will use oligonucleotide-based microarrays to address the hypothesis that ...

ISOBUTYL ACETATE reacts exothermically with acids to give alcohols and other acids. Tags: Methyl Acetate Methyl isobutyl ketone Filter Results. We are offering Isobutyl Acetate to our clients. This water soluble, high volatile chemical with mild odor is appreciated by the clients based in various parts of the country. METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE: ICSC: 0511: MIBK 4-Methyl-2-pentanone Isopropylacetone Hexone: July 1997: CAS #: 108-10-1: UN #: 1245 EC Number: 203-550-1 ACUTE HAZARDS PREVENTION FIRE FIGHTING; FIRE & EXPLOSION: Highly flammable. Incompatible products. CAS 42558-54-3, EC Number 418-900-0, chemical formula CH₃CH(CH₃)COCH₂COOCH₃. Identification Product Name Isobutyl isobutyrate Cat No. Isopropyl acetate: CH 3 COOCH(CH 3) 2: 108-21-4 : 89: Butyl acetate. ... acetic acid 2-methyl propyl ester . The chemical compound isobutyl acetate, also known as 2-methylpropyl ethanoate ( IUPAC name) or β-methylpropyl acetate, is a common solvent. Methyl isobutyrylacetate is used for the synthesis ...

The smoking of tobacco continues to be the leading cause of premature death worldwide and is linked to the development of a number of serious illnesses including heart disease, respiratory diseases, stroke and cancer. Currently, cell line based toxicity assays are typically used to gain information on the general toxicity of cigarettes and other tobacco products. However, they provide little information regarding the complex disease-related changes that have been linked to smoking. The ethical concerns and high cost associated with mammalian studies have limited their widespread use for in vivo toxicological studies of tobacco. The zebrafish has emerged as a low-cost, high-throughput, in vivo model in the study of toxicology. In this study, smoke condensates from 2 reference cigarettes and 6 Canadian brands of cigarettes with different design features were assessed for acute, developmental, cardiac, and behavioural toxicity (neurotoxicity) in zebrafish larvae. By making use of this multifaceted ...

Current problems in the safety evaluation of chemicals, including species differences in chemical toxicity, the difficulty in predicting whether metabolism will result in detoxication or activation, the different metabolic roles of tissue cytochromes P-450, and the significance of oxygen radical formation, are reviewed. A number of specific chemical problems are discussed, including the safety evaluation of benzene, methylene dichloride, DDT, dieldrin, TCDD, the PCBs, and the hepatotoxic drugs: benoxaprofen and tienilic acid. Two novel methods for the prospective evaluation of chemical toxicity are described, namely (i) computer optimized parametric analysis for chemical toxicity (COMPACT) based on the computer graphic determination of chemical structure and its relationship to specific cytochromes P-450 and hence toxicity, and (ii) enzyme activation in chemical toxicity (ENACT) based on the induction of specific cytochromes P-450 by the chemical, from which toxicity can be predicted.. ...

Chrysalis Pharma Consulting, LLC. James S. MacDonald is founder and president of Chrysalis Pharma Consulting, a firm focused on bringing new molecular entities from the lead optimization stage to proof-of-concept in patients. He is also a founding partner of Synergy Partners R&D Solutions, LLC, which partners with small and medium sized pharmaceutical companies to enable rapid movement of new concepts for breakthrough therapies into human clinical testing, proof-of-concept and partnering to support further development. Over a period of 31 years before founding these companies, he held several leadership positions at Merck and Schering-Plough, retiring as executive vice president of preclinical development. In the latter role, he oversaw the company?s Department of Drug Safety and Department of Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics and led efforts to move new molecular entities from discovery into clinical trials. Dr. MacDonald?s research interests lie in assessing strategies for identifying potential ...

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

According to Stratistics MRC, the Global In Vitro Toxicology Testing Market is accounted for $12.30 billion in 2015 and is expected to reach $32.45 billion...

BioAssay record AID 116912 submitted by ChEMBL: Compound was tested for acute toxicity test with a single oral administration in mice and the median lethal dose as calculated..

To evaluate the in vivo and in vitro toxicity of a new formulation of liposome-encapsulated sirolimus (LES). In vitro experiments were done using ARPE-19 and HRP cells. An MTT assay was used to determine cell metabolic activity and a TUNEL assay for detecting DNA fragmentation. In vivo experiments were conducted on New Zealand albino rabbits that received intravitreal injections of empty liposomes (EL) or different concentrations of LES. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on the rabbits eyes following injection. Eighteen eyes of nine rabbits were used. MTT assay cell viability was 95.04% in group 1 (12.5 µL/mL LES). 92.95% in group 2 (25 µL/mL LES), 91.59% in group 3 (50 µL/mL LES), 98.09% in group 4 (12.5 µL/mL EL), 95.20% on group 5 (50 µL/mL EL), 98.53% in group 6 (50 µL/mL EL), and 2.84% on group 8 (50 µL/mL DMSO). There was no statistically significant difference among groups 1 to 7 in cell viability (p = 1.0), but the comparison of all groups with group 8 was

The effect of the nanoparticles on the marine organisms, depends on their size, chemical composition, surface structure, solubility and shape. In order to take advantage from their activity, preserving the surrounding environment from a possible pollution, we are trying to trap the nanoparticles into new nanomaterials. The nanomaterials tested were synthesized proposing a ground-breaking approach by an upside-down vision of the Au/TiO2nano-system to avoid the release of nanoparticles. The system was synthesized by wrapping Au nanoparticles with a thin layer of TiO2. The non-toxicity of the nano-system was established by testing the effect of the material on zebrafish larvae. Danio rerio o zebrafish was considered a excellent model for the environmental biomonitoring of aquatic environments and the Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity Test is considered an alternative method of animal test. For this reason zebrafish larvae were exposed to different concentrations of nanoparticles of TiO2 and Au and new ...

The ECEAE (European Coalition to End Animal Experiments), is celebrating after learning that, as a direct result of our efforts, a proposal to carry out animal tests has been withdrawn. The proposal, a 90-day repeated dose toxicity test for Pentasodium Triphosphate which is an inorganic phosphate used in household detergents, cosmetics, foods, construction materials, and a range of other industries. The test would have used up to 120 rats in a 90-day inhalation toxicity test. The rats would have been restrained in tubes and forced to breathe the substance for several hours each day for 90 days before killed and their tissues examined. ECEAE scientists carried out research and were able to reveal that such testing data already existed having been conducted by the very company proposing the animal tests in 1974! The study was in Russian and so had to be translated. We also found a previous exposure assessment demonstrated that use in household products would not entail any risks for consumers. We ...

Best Top 10 IT Companies in India 2021 - Indian IT Blog- list of banned insecticides in india 2020 results ,Jun 08, 2020·Wipro is one of Indias excellent Indian IT companies mentored by Azim Premji and on the list of the top-five IT companies in India. On 6 July 2020, Thierry Delaporte became the new CEO of Wipro. Wipro harnesses the power of cognitive computing, automation, robotics, cloud, analytics, and emerging technologies and helping the clients to a ...India - pesticides production volume 2020 , StatistaNov 16, 2020·In fiscal year 2020, the pesticide production volume amounted to 93 thousand metric tons across India. The chemical industry in the country is highly diversified ...

Aquatic Ecotoxicity Effects of Gold Nanoparticles with Irregular Shapes A simple chemical route, based on a modified polyol process, is used to synthesize mono-disperse ..

List of Figures. Figure 4 1: Global: Gelatin Market: Sales Volume (in 000 Tons), 2007-2014. Figure 4 2: Global: Gelatin Market: Breakup by Raw Material (in %), 2014. Figure 4 3: Global: Gelatin Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2007-2014. Figure 4 4: Global: Gelatin Market: Breakup by Region (in %), 2014. Figure 4 5: Global: Gelatin Market: Breakup by End Use (in %), 2014. Figure 4 6: Global: Gelatin Market: Sales Volume Forecast (in 000 Tons), 2015-2020. Figure 4 7: Global: Gelatin Market: Sales Value Forecast (in Million US$), 2015-2020. Figure 4 8: Gelatin: Historical and Future Price Trends (in US$/Kg), 2007-2020. Figure 5 1: Ossein/ Gelatin Manufacturing Process: Detailed Process Flow. Figure 6 1: Global: Cow and Pig Bones Market: Production Volume (in Million Tons), 2007-2014. Figure 6 2: Global: Cow and Pig Bones Market: Production Breakup by Region (in %), 2014. Figure 6 3: Global: Sodium Carbonate Market: Production Volume (in Million Tons), 2007-2014. Figure 6 4: Global: Sodium ...

The U.S. Energy Information Administration has released the August issue of its Short-Term Energy Outlook, reporting that ethanol production has averaged approximately 940,000 barrels per day over the past three months. That level is amongst the highest monthly levels ever recorded. The highest weekly level ever recorded was 972,000 barrels per day during the week ending June 13. Ethanol production averaged approximately 907,000 barrels per day in March.. The EIAs August STEO predicts ethanol production will average 930,000 barrels per day this year, increasing to 935,000 barrels per day in 2015. In the July STEO, the EIA predicted production would average 932,000 barrels per day this year and 940,000 barrels per day next year.. Biodiesel production averaged 87,000 barrels per day last year, and is forecast to average 80,000 barrels per day this year, and 84,000 barrels per day next year.. According to the August STEO, regular gasoline retail prices fell to $3.61 per gallon in July, 8 cents ...

MARTINEZ-MAYORGA, Karina et al. Toxicity Assessment of Structurally Relevant Natural Products from Mexican Plants with Antinociceptive Activity. J. Mex. Chem. Soc [online]. 2017, vol.61, n.3, pp.186-196. ISSN 1870-249X.. UNIIQUIM database contains molecules from Mexican plants, one of the richest sources of bioactive molecules in the world. Here, we describe the chemical and toxicological profile of molecules with analgesic activity from UNIIQUIM. Most of the compounds are likely to interact with opioid receptors. The predicted acute toxicity is low and none is predicted mutagenic. Given the structural diversity, and biological and toxicity profiles, these molecules represent a new avenue in the search of molecules with antinociceptive activity.. Keywords : UNIIQUIM; traditional Mexican medicine; analgesics; nociception; toxicity profile. ...

In most acute (short-term) toxicity tests, a single dose of a test substance is given to an animal. One measure of acute toxicity is the lethal dose 50 (LD50), or the dose of a substance that kills 50 percent of the animals tested. Other acute studies are set up to assess the toxicity of products placed in contact with animal tissue to evaluate local tissue irritation. The Draize skin and eye assays are examples of such tests. Acute toxicity tests using animals have been criticized, especially if they are used to evaluate non-pharmaceuticals such as cosmetics and household products. A large amount of research is currently underway seeking alternatives to ...

THERE IS AN IMPORTANT NEED IN THE STUDY OF TOXICOLOGY OF TOPICALLY-APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL AGENTS FOR AN IN VITRO SYSTEM TO STUDY THEIR TOXIC EFFECTS ON SKIN. THE IN VITRO SYSTEMS HAVE THE BENEFIT OF ALLOWING STUDY OF A LARGE VARIETY OF SUBSTANCES ON AN INDIVIDUAL SPECIMEN. AN IN VITRO SYSTEM CONTAINING ALL THE COMPONENTS OF SKIN ALLOWS STUDIES TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF AGENTS ON THE VARIOUS COMPONENT CELL TYPES AND CELL INTERACTIONS. THIS IS PARTICULARLY THE CASE IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL HISTOCULTURE SYSTEMS. WE DEVELOPED A GEL-SUPPORTED, THREE-DIMENSIONAL HISTOCULTURE SYSTEM THAT ALLOWS THE INTACT GROWTH AND TOXICITY TESTING OF ALL COMPONENTS OF MOUSE SKIN, INCLUDING KERATINOCYTES, DERMAL FIBROBLASTS AND HAIR FOLLICLE CELLS AS WELL AS HAIR, FOR PERIODS OF 10 DAYS OR MORE (LI, L., MARGOLIS, L.B. AND HOFFMAN, R.M. PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI., VOL.88, PP.1908-1912, MARCH 1991). USING THE HISTOCULTURE SYSTEM AND FLUORESCENT DYES THAT MEASURE CELL VIABILITY OR CELL DEATH, WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTS ...

The present study aimed to submit the transglutaminase (TGase) from a |I|Bacillus circulans|/I| strain isolated from the Amazon environment to |I|in vivo|/I| and |I|in vitro|/I| toxicological evaluations in order to assess its safety in food. The |I| in vivo|/I| assay was assessed using male Wistar rats in a subacute 14 day oral feeding test using a liquid enzyme preparation administered to 150 U kg b.wt. day|SUP|-1|/SUP|. The evaluation of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenic effects of this microbial TGase was carried out using Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts cultured cells. No evidence of short term |I|in vivo|/I| toxicity was found for the enzymatic preparation in the subacute 14 day oral toxicity study using white Wistar rats models, daily treated with 150 U kg b.wt. day|SUP|-1 |/SUP|of TGase preparation. Furthermore, there were no statistical differences between the groups for relative weight gain and for hematological and clinical chemistry values. Histopathological examination of liver,

Therefore, a drug given by the intravenous route will have an absolute bioavailability of 100% (f = 1), whereas drugs given by other routes usually have an absolute bioavailability of less than one. If we compare the two different dosage forms having same active ingredients and compare the two drug bioavailability is called comparative bioavailability.. Although knowing the true extent of systemic absorption (referred to as absolute bioavailability) is clearly useful, in practice it is not determined as frequently as one may think. The reason for this is that its assessment requires an intravenous reference, that is, a route of administration that guarantees that all of the administered drug reaches the systemic circulation. Such studies come at considerable cost, not least of which is the necessity to conduct preclinical toxicity tests to ensure adequate safety, as well as there being potential problems due to solubility limitations. These limitations may be overcome, however, by administering ...

Safety assessment of Apoaequorin, a protein preparation: subchronic toxicity study in rats. - Daniel L Moran, Palma Ann Marone, Mark R Bauter, Madhu G Soni

Extensive investigations have been carried out for evaluating the toxicology of various nanomaterials (e.g., carbon- and metal-based nanomaterials), which offer invaluable information for assessing the feasibility of nanomaterial-based wide-ranging applications. In recent years, sufficient efforts have been

Our client is dynamic, growing, mid-sized pharmaceutical company, located in the Northeast United States. Due to unprecedented growth, they are looking for a Director, Nonclinical Drug Safety Evaluation and a team of professionals to support their effort. Individuals recruited to these positions will have the opportunity to impact the companys drug development efforts by establishing the requirements of toxicology studies and development plans to support the development of new chemical entities. Individuals recruited will ensure that scientific data of the submission support the safety and efficacy of products and that activities are conducted utilizing the most appropriate ante efficient paradigms. Appropriate candidates for these positions must have a PhD. in Toxicology, Biology or Pharmacology and a minimum of ten years experience in the management of toxicology studies.in the pharmaceutical industry. Individuals must understand the requirements of the FDA and the requirements for IND and ...

Antheridium or Male Reproductive Organ of Moss: (i) Antheridia remaining at the tip of the Moss plants are surrounded by perigonial leaves. (ii) Each

Plymouth Universitys Genetic Toxicology & Ecotoxicology Research Group: We work across a wide range of themes including cancer biology, radioecology, molecular and in vitro toxicology, ecotoxicology and aquatic biology

A free platform for explaining your research in plain language, and managing how you communicate around it - so you can understand how best to increase its impact.

Other names: 4-Methyl-2-pentanone, Isopropylacetone, Hexone, Isobutyl methyl ketone, 2-Methylpropyl methyl ketone, 4-Methyl-2-oxopentane, MIK, Isobutylmethyl ketone, MIBK, Isohexanone

Other names: 4-Methyl-2-pentanone, Isopropylacetone, Hexone, Isobutyl methyl ketone, 2-Methylpropyl methyl ketone, 4-Methyl-2-oxopentane, MIK, Isobutylmethyl ketone, MIBK, Isohexanone

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Qingdao Sunrun Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd supply Sell Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol MIBC frothers 99%, FOB Price:2200 USD/Metric Ton ,Port:Qingdao port ,Minimum Order Quantity: ,Supply Ability:600 Month/Metric Ton,Payment Terms:L/C,T/T,, Updatetime:Sep 06 2017, Description: Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol (Efficient Fro..

Results. Both pemetrexed and lucanthone inhibited tumor growth relative to the vehicles during the 28 days of treatment. For each treatment, fold of increases of the tumor volume were 42, 28, 34 and 19 for vehicles, pemetrexed, lucanthone, and the combination of pemetrexed and lucanthone, respectively. Comparing to the vehicle-treated group, these represented 19%, 33%, and 55% of growth inhibition for groups treated with pemetrexed, lucanthone, and the combination of pemetrexed and lucanthone, respectively. During the 28-day period, the body weight changes excluding the tumor weights were -2.9%, -0.9%, -6.1% and -1.7% for vehicles, pemetrexed, lucanthone, and the combination of pemetrexed and lucanthone, respectively. These body weight data indicated that the treatments were well tolerated with minimum or no general toxicity ...