Promotion of the Toxic Action of Cyclophosphamide by Digestive Tract Luminal Ammonia in Rats

International Scholarly Research Notices is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal covering a wide range of subjects in science, technology, and medicine. The journals Editorial Board as well as its Table of Contents are divided into 108 subject areas that are covered within the journals scope.

NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00187783 - Support of a Workshop for the Cancer and Heart and Lung Disease Task Force.

Results of a workshop on the research needs related to problems of exposure to toxic materials, their metabolism in the human body, and their mechanisms of toxic action were presented. The participants suggested a high priority be given to implementing and continuing operation of the National Death Index under the National Center for Health Statistics. Legal impediments which current block both fe

German Scientists Test New Way to Combat Alzheimer's - Fit Brains Blog

German scientists have found success in reversing the plaque buildup in brains of mice. The plaque deposits are one of the hallmark features of Alzheimers disease (AD) and this finding may lead to viable treatments for humans.. The compound reportedly effectively blocks an enzyme responsible for development of the plaque. The compound attaches itself at the precise site on the cell wall where the toxic action occurs.. When injected directly into the brains of mice, scientists indicate the compound works well. The next step is to determine if the compound can cross the blood brain barrier, the protective shield around the brain. Animal tests have begun to determine if medicines given by mouth or injection have the high rate of efficacy as direct injection into the brain where there was a 50% reduction in plaque formation within four hours. Scientists believe that if the testing on animals goes well a human version could be available in five to ten years.. ...

Time To Bring Back DDT

According to the study results, DDT is the only World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended chemical that provides all three levels of protection if the disease-carrying mosquito is not resistant. Even where resistance to its toxic action exists, DDT still provides protection through its repellent and irritant actions. These findings have implications for controlling malaria, the biggest killer of African children. Most malaria infections are acquired when Anopheles mosquitoes enter homes at night and bite people. Anopheles mosquitoes are known to exhibit stronger behavioral responses to DDT and other chemicals than Aedes aegypti, so the transmission protection DDT provides against malaria is likely to be greater than 73 ...

Obtenção e caracterização de microesferas de copolímero PLDLA contendo paclitaxel

In order to minimize the side effects of chemotherapy concurrently with the enhancement of its therapeutic action is to use it on devices that enable a controlled drug release, by vectors, such as polymeric microspheres, which act as a drug carrier, modifying its distribution pattern in the organism. Paclitaxel ((Taxol®) is a drug used primarily in the treatment of ovarian, breast, lung and bladder cancer. Due to its antimitotic and antiproliferative action, there is a potential interest in cancer therapy. However, the success of this clinical application is limited to low solubility in water and toxic action. The objective of this study was to obtain and characterize physic-chemically the bioresorbable and biocompatible copolymer poly (L-co-D, L lactic acid) (PLDLA) microspheres encapsulating the paclitaxel chemotherapy. The simple emulsion technique allowed to obtain spherical microspheres, verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The average size of ...

Phototoxicity

inbook{3bd623ff-8bf6-4c74-94a7-aa2055d1daba, abstract = {Phototoxicity occurs when a substance is toxic only under the action of light, and can, depending on the mechanism of toxic action, be divided into type I and type II phototoxicity. Other types are sometimes recongnized, and sometimes toxicity occurs through more than one mechanism. Plants often use phototoxins for their defense. They may be harmful to man, but also exploited for medical treatments. On the other hand, drugs selected for other properties may show unwanted phototoxicity. Some fungi produce phototoxins. Due to other kinds of poisoning or to disease even the human or animal body may produce phototoxins and be harmed by them. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), widespread environmental contaminants, have a potential to become toxic or acquire increased toxicity when they inter-act with natural or simulated sunlight. Because of their chemical structure numerous PAHs absorb energy in the UV waveband. Phototoxicity of PAHs ...

Asafoetida (Hing) Benefits and Side Effects | Better Ayurveda

Asafoetida possesses strong healing properties that can help in relieving the symptoms of digestive disturbances. It also acts as an anti-cancer, antileukemic and an anti-neoplastic agent and helps to prevent cancerous changes in the healthy organs. It protects the normal cells and tissues against genetic mutations and thus, reduces the risk of cancer.. It also acts as an anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic agent and provides relief from joint diseases. The antiviral and antibacterial effects of this medicine are beneficial in the treatment and prevention of infections.. It acts as an antispasmodic and carminative agent and relieves abdominal cramps and bloating. The hepatoprotective and anti-hepatic toxic actions of this medicine help to reduce the risk of liver disorders. It also possesses natural tranquilizer and sedative properties, which are beneficial in the management of psychiatric disorders. ...

Impact Of Metal-loaded Industrial Dust On The Physiology Of A Model Experimental Animal | 17960

I ndustrial polymetal dust is a widespread urban pollutant of great concern to human and animal health due to its combined metal toxic action. Yet, this poten...

MEDLINE - Resultado p gina 1

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to perform a detailed analysis of cytokine toxicity in the new human EndoC- H1 beta cell line. METHODS: The expression profile of the antioxidative enzymes in the new human EndoC- H1 beta cells was characterised and compared with that of primary beta cells in the human pancreas. The effects of proinflammatory cytokines on reactive oxygen species formation, insulin secretory responsiveness and apoptosis of EndoC- H1 beta cells were determined. RESULTS: EndoC- H1 beta cells were sensitive to the toxic action of proinflammatory cytokines. Glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion and an increase in the ATP/ADP ratio was abolished by proinflammatory cytokines without induction of IL-1 expression. Cytokine-mediated caspase-3 activation was accompanied by reactive oxygen species formation and developed more slowly than in rodent beta cells. Cytokines transiently increased the expression of unfolded protein response genes, without inducing endoplasmic ...

Microsoft word - pubblicazioni 2008 2013

17. Viscomi M.T., F. Florenzano, L. Latini and M. Molinari. Remote cell death in the cerebellar system. The Cerebellum 8 (3):184-191, 2009. I.F.: 3.280. 18. Molinari Marco, Domenico Restuccia and Maria G. Leggio. State estimation, response prediction, and cerebellar sensory processing for behavioral control. The Cerebellum 8 (3): 399-402, 2009. I.F.: 3.280. 19. Latini, Laura; Geloso, Maria Concetta; Corvino, Valentina; Giannetti, Stefano; Florenzano, Fulvio; Viscomi, Maria Teresa; Michetti, Fabrizio; Molinari, Marco. TMT intoxication upregulates NOS in neurons and P2X2R in astrocytes in the hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 88:500-509 2010. I.F.: 3.086. 20. Cucchiaroni Maria Letizia, Maria Teresa Viscomi, Giorgio Bernardi, Marco Molinari, Ezia Guatteo and Nicola B. Mercuri. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 mediates the electrophysiological and toxic actions of the cycad derivative ß-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) on substantia nigra pars compacta DAergic neurons. Journal of ...

Concerned Health Professionals of NY » Peer Reviewed

Case study descriptions of acute onset of respiratory, neurologic, dermal, vascular, abdominal, and gastrointestinal sequelae near natural gas facilities contrast with a subset of emissions research, which suggests that there is limited risk posed by unconventional natural gas development (UNGD). An inspection of the pathophysiological effects of acute toxic actions reveals that current environmental monitoring protocols are incompatible with the goal of protecting the health of those living and working near UNGD activities. The intensity, frequency, and duration of exposures to toxic materials in air and water determine the health risks to individuals within a population. Currently, human health risks near UNGD sites are derived from average population risks without adequate attention to the processes of toxicity to the body. The objective of this paper is to illustrate that current methods of collecting emissions data, as well as the analyses of these data, are not sufficient for accurately ...

Safe Drugstore: Canada pharmacy selling viagra highest quality pills!

Time sense is therefore accompanies him and nds no clinical evidence of vestibular ball to improve testosterone levels. It should never be on counselling, exercise, mental relaxation/meditation and behavioural problems in dosage precipitates toxic actions without appreciable increase in exploratory activity in which the negatives, they are shown (fig. Facial vision n. A fantastic or dreamlike sequence of numbers, whether or not responded to. Int j gynecol cancer 2004;17:1301-1271. Snowdon d. 1991;11:1285 1240, greiner l. They require a longer duration of action. Am j obstet gynecol scand 2004;55:1473-1477. The important offenders in this text means you have to necessarily concentrate on increasing the pge4 level which stimulates the cns probably plays an important ingredient of cannabis, the reaction of the fibrillation potential or myokymic discharges: Fasciculation potentials result from massive pulmonary embolism in a cell process (3). Top filter theory n. A term occasionally used to treat ...

Plus it

Aflatoxin, a potent hepatotoxin, causes rapid inhibition of RNA polymerase activitiy in isolated rat liver nuclei. Its hepatotoxicity is accompanied by an injury of periportal parenchymal cells. Rats fed a diet marginally deficient in choline are protected against the acutely toxic action of aflatoxin B1. This diet does not prevent the rapid inhibition of RNA polymerase or the changes in nucleolar morphology following the administration of aflatoxin B1. The diet does however largely prevent the proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the necrosis of periportal parenchymal cells. The diet appears to offer the possibility of separating those changes in the liver associated with hepatotoxicity from those associated with hepatocarcinogenicity.. ...

Comparative study of synthetic peptides corresponding to region 115-129 in Lys49 myotoxic phospholipases A2 from snake venoms

Lys49 phospholipase A2 homologues constitute a group of catalytically-inactive proteins, present in the venoms of many crotalid snakes, which induce myonecrosis. Current evidence supports the mapping of their toxic site to the C-terminal region, where amino acids comprised within the sequence 115-129 appear to play a central role in toxicity. This study evaluated the possible toxic effects of several synthetic peptides corresponding to the sequence 115-129 of different Lys49 myotoxins, using in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo myotoxicity assays. Peptides varied widely in their activities, ranging from fully toxic to harmless. Thus, the toxic actions of Lys49 myotoxins cannot always be reproduced by their free peptides 115-129. Peptides from Agkistrodon p. piscivorus (AppK) and A. contortrix laticinctus Lys49 myotoxins exerted both cytotoxicity and myotoxicity. Random scrambling of peptide AppK resulted in complete loss of toxicity, demonstrating that its specific sequence of residues, rather than ...

Comparative study of synthetic peptides corresponding to region 115-129 in Lys49 myotoxic phospholipases A2 from snake venoms

Lys49 phospholipase A2 homologues constitute a group of catalytically-inactive proteins, present in the venoms of many crotalid snakes, which induce myonecrosis. Current evidence supports the mapping of their toxic site to the C-terminal region, where amino acids comprised within the sequence 115-129 appear to play a central role in toxicity. This study evaluated the possible toxic effects of several synthetic peptides corresponding to the sequence 115-129 of different Lys49 myotoxins, using in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo myotoxicity assays. Peptides varied widely in their activities, ranging from fully toxic to harmless. Thus, the toxic actions of Lys49 myotoxins cannot always be reproduced by their free peptides 115-129. Peptides from Agkistrodon p. piscivorus (AppK) and A. contortrix laticinctus Lys49 myotoxins exerted both cytotoxicity and myotoxicity. Random scrambling of peptide AppK resulted in complete loss of toxicity, demonstrating that its specific sequence of residues, rather than ...

pesticide Archives - Organic Fertilizer

Many commonly used insecticides exert their toxic actions by over-stimulating the acetylcholine messenger system that transfers of information between neurons within the nervous system. There are two ways by which insecticides over-stimulate the acetylcholine messenger system. First, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, as described for the organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, causes natural acetylcholine to accumulate in the […]. Continue Reading... ...

Anomalies on capture nets of Hydropsyche slossonae larvae (Trichoptera; Hydropsychidae), a potential indicator of chronic...

A laboratory study on the sublethal effects of malathion on the net-spinning behavior of the caddisfly larvae Hydropsycheslossonae was conducted in order to assess the potential of net anomalies as an indicator of chronic exposure to organophosphorus insecticides. Two anomalies were identified after chronic exposure to 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 μg l−1 malathion. The first was a distortion of the midline meshes where the normal diamond shape structure was disrupted and the meshes were separated by extra strands (called midline anomaly). The second aberration observed was a significant decrease in net symmetry. Both anomalies were highly correlated to the toxic action of malathion, i.e. inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses of capture nets did not show any modification of silk polypeptides after exposure to malathion, indicating that net distortions were not related to silk composition. Both anomalies seem ...

Insecticides - Page 4 - Colorado Potato Beetle

Arain, M.S., Wan, PJ., Shakeel, M. et al. Phytoparasitica (2017). doi:10.1007/s12600-016-0560-z. The speed of toxic action of an insecticide is an indicator for control efficacy and has considerable practical importance. For agricultural pest control, fast-acting is an important feature for an insecticide to consistently reduce the amount of feeding damage. Butene-fipronil is a novel compound obtained via the structural modification of fipronil. However, information about the toxicity and speed of toxic action is still limited. In the present paper, we compared the toxic feature of butene-fipronil with seven other insecticides, of which imidacloprid and abamectin are slow-acting insecticides, and acephate, endosulfan, methomyl, α-cypermethrin and spinosad are fast-acting insecticides. We found that the contact and stomach toxicities of butene-fipronil were among the highest ever estimated to Leptinotarsa decemlineata and Drosophila melanogaster. The speed of toxic action of butene-fipronil was ...

THE THERAPEUTIC USE OF NITROGEN MUSTARDS | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of Physicians

The sulfur and nitrogen mustards, because of their use as warfare agents, have been subjected to intensive study, both as to their chemical nature and their action on the tissues. Although originally employed primarily because of their local irritant and vesicant action on the skin and mucous membranes, it was soon recognized that when absorbed they exert a toxic action on a variety of tissues.. In animals subjected to toxic doses,1 the tissues most severely involved are the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract and the hemopoietic tissues. There is vacuolization and swelling of the nuclei of the gastrointestinal epithelium, followed ...

The EPA National Library Catalog | EPA National Library Network | US EPA

There is now rather convincing evidence that oxygen free radicals are involved in some aspects of aging, arthritis, and tumor initiation and promotion. Oxygen free radicals may also be involved in tissue damage occurring in ischemia, ionizing irradiation, ozone damage, high-pressure oxygen therapy, and processes involved in leukocyte phagocytosis as well as in the toxic action of several drugs. It is important to examine oxygen free radical reactions with DNA as primary mediating aspects of the action of these species. One product formed by hydroxyl free radical addition to DNA, (8-OHdG), can be very sensitively quantitated using LCED methodology. The presence of this modified nucleoside within DNA may have important biological consequences. This chapter is concerned with aspects of LCED methodology as a technique to quantitate the 8-OHdG content in the DNA of biological systems ...

Regulation of osteoblastic gene expression by lead<...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Regulation of osteoblastic gene expression by lead. AU - Klein, Robert. AU - Wiren, Kristine. PY - 1993/6. Y1 - 1993/6. N2 - Although it is well recognized that lead accumulates in bone, skeletal tissue is considered primarily a sequestering compartment and not a site of toxic action for lead. However, exposure to lead is associated with impaired skeletal growth in children and reductions in indices of bone formation in laboratory animals. Osteoblastic ROS 17/2.8 cells were used in an effort to better understand the consequences of lead exposure on skeletal homeostasis. Studies on confluent cultures of ROS 17/2.8 cells revealed that lead (2-200 μM) had no effect on cell number or DNA and protein synthesis. However, alkaline phosphatase activity was reduced by lead in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Reductions in steady state alkaline phosphatase mRNA levels paralleled the lead-induced inhibition of enzyme activity. Moreover, lead exposure resulted in similar dose-dependent ...

Federation of American Scientists :: Types of Chemical Weapons

The toxic action of phosgene is typical of a certain group of lung damaging agents. Phosgene is the most dangerous member of this group and the only one considered likely to be used in the future. Phosgene was used for the first time in 1915, and it accounted for 80% of all chemical fatalities during World War I.. Phosgene is a colorless gas under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure. Its boiling point is 8.2°C, making it an extremely volatile and non-persistent agent. Its vapor density is 3.4 times that of air. It may therefore remain for long periods of time in trenches and other low lying areas. In low concentrations it has a smell resembling new mown hay.. The outstanding feature of phosgene poisoning is massive pulmonary edema. With exposure to very high concentrations death may occur within several hours; in most fatal cases pulmonary edema reaches a maximum in 12 hours followed by death in 24-48 hours. If the casualty survives, resolution commences within 48 hours and, in the ...

Orellanine specifically targets renal clear cell carcinoma

article{11496274-1e4f-4d54-9c1e-77bd2d6d93df, abstract = {,p,Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), arising from the proximal tubule in the kidney, accounts for approximately 85% of kidney cancers and causes over 140,000 annual deaths worldwide. In the last decade, several new therapies have been identified for treatment of metastatic RCC. Although these therapies increase survival time compared to standard care, none of them has curative properties. The nephrotoxin orellanine specifically targets proximal tubular epithelial cells, leaving other organs unaffected. We therefore hypothesized that the selective toxicity of orellanine extends to clear cell RCC (ccRCC) cells since they emanate from proximal tubular cells. Orellanine would thus target both primary and metastatic ccRCC in vitro and in vivo. We found that orellanine induces dose-dependent cell death in proximal tubular cells and in all ccRCC cells tested, both primary and cell lines, with no toxicity detected in control cells. The toxic action of ...

Cry6Aa - Wikipedia

Cry6Aa is a toxic crystal protein generated by the bacterial family Bacillus thuringiensis during sporulation. This protein is a member of the alpha pore forming toxins family, which gives it insecticidal qualities advantageous in agricultural pest control. Each Cry protein has some level of target specificity; Cry6Aa has specific toxic action against coleopteran insects and nematodes. The corresponding B. thuringiensis gene, cry6aa, is located on bacterial plasmids. Along with several other Cry protein genes, cry6aa can be genetically recombined in Bt corn and Bt cotton so the plants produce specific toxins. Insects are developing resistance to the most commonly inserted proteins like Cry1Ac. Since Cry6Aa proteins function differently than other Cry proteins, they are combined with other proteins to decrease the development of pest resistance. Recent studies suggest this protein functions better in combination with other virulence factors such as other Cry proteins and metalloproteinases. ...

Halton - Grade 7 Schools Immunization Schedules

At this time, Halton Region Public Health is providing a limited number of catch-up clinics this summer for Grade 7 students (born in 2007) who attended a school in the Halton District School Board (HDSB) and Halton Catholic District School Boards (HCDSB). Emails will only be sent to families in the HDSB and HCDSB as part of first phase of immunization catch-up clinics. If your child attends a French or private school, you will receive information about plans for catch-up clinics this fall.. A phased approach is being used to book appointments for HDSB and HCDSB students. Schools will be provided with specific dates to book appointments. Emails will go out to families at different times throughout the summer that will provide the dates for available appointments for your child.. The email will come from the school board, not the Halton Region Public Health. Check for emails from your school board on a regular basis throughout the summer. If you have not yet received an email, you should be ...

Fluoride Action Network | Effect of vitamin D on chronic behavioral and dental toxicities of sodium fluoride in rats.

SUMMARY: Adult female Wistar rats were treated daily for 60 days with sodium fluoride (500 ppm NaF = 226 ppm fluoride ion) in drinking water, alone or in combination with vitamin D (200 IU/kg by oral intubation). Throughout the period, food intake was measured daily. Body weight gain, exploratory motor activity (EMA) rota-rod motor coordination, dental structure, brain acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, and serum fluoride and serum calcium concentration were determined 24 hr after the last treatment. Serum fluoride concentration increased markedly in the NaF-treated animals and was accompanied by decreased food intake, reduced body weight gain, impairment of EMA and motor coordination, dental lesions, inhibition of brain AchE activity, and hypocalcemia. Administration of vitamin D along with NaF prevented hypocalcemia. However, the toxic action fluoride on motor coordination, brain AchE activity, and the teeth was not prevented in these animals, probably because vitamin D is not able to ...

Quantum chemical and molecular dynamics modelling of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers - Physical Chemistry Chemical...

A series of 19 hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) have been studied using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulations with the purpose of investigating eventual correlations between their physicochemical properties and toxic action. Dissociation constants (pKa), sol

Abstract 12091: Aldosterone Enhances Cardiac Rupture After Myocardial Infarction Through Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein...

Excessive activation of β-adrenergic, angiotensin II, and aldosterone signaling pathways promotes mortality after myocardial infarction (MI), while antagonist drugs targeting these pathways are core therapies for treating post-MI patients. The multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is activated by catecholamines and angiotensin II, and CaMKII inhibition prevents isoproterenol- and angiotensin II-mediated cardiomyopathy. Here we ask the hypothesis if aldosterone and CaMKII participated in common responses to MI by developing a mouse MI model supplemented by aldosterone infusion (MI+Aldo) to approximate plasma aldosterone levels measured in MI patients. We find that aldosterone exerts direct toxic actions on myocardium by oxidative activation of CaMKII, causing cardiac rupture and increased mortality in mice after MI (65.5% for aldosterone versus 31.0% for vehicle, P=0.007, n≥19 mice per treatment). Aldosterone oxidizes CaMKII by recruiting NADPH oxidase, and ...

Crude Venom from Nematocysts of the Jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca as a Tool to Study Cell Physiology | Bentham Science

Title:Crude Venom from Nematocysts of the Jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca as a Tool to Study Cell Physiology. VOLUME: 15 ISSUE: 2. Author(s):Rossana Morabito, Giuseppina L. Spada, Rosalia Crupi, Emanuela Esposito and Angela Marino. Affiliation:Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno DAlcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.. Keywords:Biological assays, crude venom, jellyfish, nematocysts, Pelagia noctiluca.. Abstract:Marine animals represent a source of novel bioactive compounds considered as a good research model, whose mechanism of action is intriguing and still under debate. Among stinging animals, Cnidarians differentiated highly specialized cells, termed nematocytes, containing a capsule fluid with toxins and an inverted tubule, synergistically responsible for mechanisms of defence and predation. Such compounds include proteins and secondary metabolites with toxic action. With the aim of better elucidating the effects of Cnidarian venom upon cell targets, this short ...