TY - JOUR. T1 - Removal of divalent cations induces structural transitions in Red clover necrotic mosaic virus, revealing a potential mechanism for RNA release. AU - Sherman, Michael B.. AU - Guenther, Richard H.. AU - Tama, Florence. AU - Sit, Tim L.. AU - Brooks, Charles L.. AU - Mikhailov, Albert M.. AU - Orlova, Elena V.. AU - Baker, Timothy S.. AU - Lommel, Steven A.. PY - 2006/11/1. Y1 - 2006/11/1. N2 - The structure of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV), an icosahedral plant virus, was resolved to 8.5 Å by cryoelectron microscopy. The virion capsid has prominent surface protrusions and subunits with a clearly defined shell and protruding domains. The structures of both the individual capsid protein (CP) subunits and the entire virion capsid are consistent with other species in the Tombusviridae family. Within the RCNMV capsid, there is a clearly defined inner cage formed by complexes of genomic RNA and the amino termini of CP subunits. An RCNMV virion has approximately 390 ± 30 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Three discontinuous loop nucleotides in the 3′ terminal stem-loop are required for Red clover necrotic mosaic virus RNA-2 replication. AU - Weng, Ziming. AU - Xiong, Zhongguo. N1 - Funding Information: We thank Drs. L.S. Pierson and T.L. Sit for reviewing the manuscript. This work is supported by USDA Hatch Project ARZT-136536-H-25-176. Copyright: Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2009/10/25. Y1 - 2009/10/25. N2 - The genome of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) consists of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA-1 and RNA-2. The 29 nucleotides at the 3′ termini of both RNAs are nearly identical and are predicted to form a stable stem-loop (SL) structure, which is required for RCNMV RNA replication. Here we performed a systematic mutagenesis of the RNA-2 3′ SL to identify the nucleotides critical for replication. Infectivity and RNA replication assays indicated that the secondary structure of the 3′ SL and its loop sequence UAUAA were required for ...

Machlomovirus is a genus of plant viruses, in the family Tombusviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There is currently only one species in this genus: the type species Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV), which causes significant losses in maize production worldwide. MCMV was first identified in the U.S. state of Kansas causing corn lethal necrosis, a severe disease that negatively affects all stages of development for maize plants. Group: ssRNA(+) Order: Unassigned Family: Tombusviridae Genus: Machlomovirus Maize chlorotic mottle virus Viruses in Machlomovirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and spherical geometries, and T=3 symmetry. The diameter is around 28-34 nm. Genomes are linear, around 4-5.4kb in length. Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription, using the premature termination model of subgenomic RNA ...

The genus Panicovirus (from Panicum mosaic virus, the type member) is one of 11 genera in the family Tombusviridae. All the genera are morphologically similar, with icosahedral particles and small, (usually) monopartite ss RNA genomes. The genome and coat protein sizes are similar to those of the genus Machlomovirus, but there are differences in genome organisation and translation strategy ...

Though Varro Tyler discredits this notion in his book. 3 Red Clover can also be used to promote fertility, as it helps to prepare the body for ovulation, assists in follicle and egg production, and thickens the uterine lining, which increases likelihood of implantation. The cited reason for that infertility is an estrogen-like substance called phyto-estrogen. Fertility Benefits of Using Whole Plant Red Clover. Red clover is a legume commonly grown in Australian pastures and is particularly favoured for cattle pastures. The flowers of red clover can be used to restore hormonal balance, promote fertility and support with menopausal symptoms. Its also well-known among many menopausal women as a means to support overall health and well-being.1 Red clover contains plant-based estrogens known as phytoestrogens. In addition, red clover contains healthy minerals and vitamins such as calcium, vitamin C, potassium, magnesium, chromium, phosphorus, niacin, and thiamine. When red clover is ingested ...

Red Clover Extract has a recommended dosage of Red Clover Extract may be consumed at 40mg taken once daily or twice daily totalling at 80mg per day...

Native Americans used Red Clover infusions (medicine prepared by steeping flower or leaves in liquid without boiling) for fever and Brights disease. A cold infusion of the blossoms was taken by women at menopause. A flower decoction (medicine prepared by boiling part of the plant) was taken as blood medicine and a teaspoonful of powdered flowers was mixed in boiling water and taken for cancer. Today we recognize clover has estrogenic activity (isoflavonoids) and consuming large quantities can cause infertility in sheep. The 1998 edition of the Physicians Desk Reference for Herbal Medicine notes that Red Clover us used internally for coughs and respiratory conditions. Externally, it is used to treat chronic skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema.Although the clovers are not among the choicest of wild foods, clovers are rich in protein. The flowerheads and tender young leaves can be eaten if soaked for several hours in salty water or boiled 5-10 minutes. The dried flowerheads make a ...

Side effects of taking red clover liquid for - How Long Does Red Clover Take To Work | Vitamin Supplement for.... The idea behind a colon cleanse process is to eliminate the toxins which have built up in your digestive system..

Superior quality bulk Red Clover Blossoms available from Starwest - offering the finest chinese, craft, culinary, and therapeutic herbs since 1975.

Red clover is one of the most popularly used true clovers in the UK. Once established it s capable of rapid growth and shows reasonably good persistence up to three years, although ongoing breeding work is being carried out to increase plant persistence. The highest yielding strains of red clover are called double cut varieties, normally providing quick regrowth after cutting and several flushes or cuts per season. The single cut strains of red clover, notably the variety altaswede provide one large cut per season, flowering approximately 10 days later than the double cut strains.. Red Clover Species Guide ...

Learn more about Red Clover at Doctors Hospital of Augusta Uses Principal Proposed Uses Menopausal Symptoms Other Proposed...

Learn about the potential benefits of Red Clover including contraindications, adverse reactions, toxicology, pharmacology and historical usage.

A perennial herb, red clover has been used medicinally to treat conditions such as skin inflammation, whooping cough and respiratory problems, states the...

Cucumber leaf spot virus (CLSV) is a member of the Aureusvirus genus, family Tombusviridae. The auxiliary replicase of Tombusvirids has been found to localize to endoplasmic reticulum (ER), peroxisomes or mitochondria; however, localization of the auxiliary replicase of aureusviruses has not been determined. We have found that the auxiliary replicase of CLSV (p25) fused to GFP colocalizes with ER and that three predicted transmembrane domains (TMDs) at the N-terminus of p25 are sufficient for targeting, although the second and third TMDs play the most prominent roles. Confocal analysis of CLSV infected 16C plants shows that the ER becomes modified including the formation of punctae at connections between ER tubules and in association with the nucleus. Ultrastructural analysis shows that the cytoplasm contains numerous vesicles which are also found between the perinuclear ER and nuclear membrane. It is proposed that these vesicles correspond to modified ER used as sites for CLSV replication. ...

Hypovirulent isolates of the fruit tree fungal pathogen Diaporthe ambigua have previously been shown to harbour a double-stranded (ds)RNA genetic element of about 4 kb. In this study, we established the complete cDNA sequence of this dsRNA, which represents a replicative form of a positive-strand RNA virus that we have named D. ambigua RNA virus (DaRV). The nucleotide sequence of the genome is 4113 bp and has a GC content of 53%. Two large ORFs are present in the same reading frame. They are most probably translated by readthrough of a UAG stop codon in the central part of the genome. The longest possible translation product (p125) has a predicted molecular mass of about 125 kDa. A significant homology can be found to the non-structural proteins of carmoviruses of the positive-strand RNA virus family Tombusviridae. These proteins also include the conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) domain. In contrast to the genome organization of these plant viruses, no ORF is present at the 3′ end of the

Summary Antisera prepared in rabbits against strains of tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) or satellite virus (SV) were most specific in precipitation tube tests when animals were bled after single intravenous injections. In Ouchterlony tests, antisera remained equally specific after further injections, including one intramuscular injection. However, all antisera and both test methods agreed in placing the eight strains of TNV tested in two distinctive groups or serotypes. The three strains of SV tested differed as much antigenically from one another as did strains of the two serotypes of TNV, although SV1 and SVc were more closely related to each other than to SV2. Some strains of TNV aid the multiplication of SV1 and SV2 but not of SVc; others aid SVc but not SV1 or SV2. The ability of different strains of TNV to aid the multiplication of the three strains of SV is correlated with their ability to infect tobacco and bean plants, but not their serological relationship.

Whenever the topic of treatment with red clover is raised, some people voice concern about the possible risk of breast cancer, as red clover contains phytoestrogens. Based on data gathered during a recent (2009) European Food Safety Authority working group that investigated isoflavones, the experts concluded that red clover-derived isoflavones do not increase the risk of breast cancer and in fact provide real relief for post-menopausal women.. Red clover has been the subject of much scientific investigation. Some research has suggested that the herb may help protect against heart disease, with red clover isoflavones showing an ability to increase good high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in pre- and post-menopausal women. Other studies have suggested that red clover isoflavones may slow bone loss in pre- and post-menopausal women, but this has not been definitively determined. Red clover is also being investigated for its possible use in preventing cancer. Traditionally, red clover ...

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It is believed that red clover may help to prevent heart disease in several ways. Although results from human studies are not definite, some show that taking red clover may lower the levels of bad low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and raise the levels of good high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the body. In addition, red clover may also promote an increase in the secretion of bile acid. Because cholesterol is a major component of bile acid, increased bile acid production usually means that more cholesterol is used and less cholesterol circulates in the body. Additionally, red clover contains small amounts of chemicals known as coumarins, which may help keep the blood from becoming thick and gummy. Therefore, the possibility of forming blood clots and arterial plaques may be reduced. Plaques are accumulations of blood cells, fats, and other substances that may build up in blood vessels, possibly reducing or blocking blood flow. Red clover may also help the arteries remain ...

Understanding the basic biochemistry underlying postharvest proteolytic inhibition in red clover is critical to developing strategies that would improve ensiling methods to minimize true protein loss. Such improvements would lead to better utilization of silage nitrogen by ruminant animals and consequently decrease nitrogen excretion into the environment. As a first step in advancing our understanding of postharvest proteolytic inhibition, we have isolated PPO genes from red clover.. Screening a leaf cDNA library made from a single red clover genotype with high levels of PPO, we isolated cDNAs corresponding to three unique PPO genes. Given that the clover clone used is diploid, the three genes identified must represent at least two genetic loci. Although there are small insertions and deletions relative to each other, the coding regions of the three genes show a relatively high degree of sequence identity (87%-90%). This level of sequence identity falls within the upper range of sequence ...

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Red Clover is a perennial native to Europe, Asia and Africa. Its most recognizable use is as a fodder crop, however its phytoestrogen content has made it a popular supplement for women ...

Learn more about Red Clover at Medical City Dallas Uses Principal Proposed Uses Menopausal Symptoms Other Proposed.....

Learn more about Red Clover at Memorial Health Uses Principal Proposed Uses Menopausal Symptoms Other Proposed...

Hosted by the USGS Core Science Analytics and Synthesis. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency ITIS Teams. Point of Contact: [email protected].

Hosted by the USGS Core Science Analytics and Synthesis. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency ITIS Teams. Point of Contact: [email protected].

Laiade rihmjate sinakashallide suvehaljaste kaardus lehtede ja rohekaskollaste hõredate pöörisõisikutega püstja hõreda puhmiku moodustav ilukõrreline aeda, peenrale, suurde potti. Sügisvärv ookerkollane. Sobib lõikelilleks, kuivatamiseks. Soovitav siduda talveks kokku, et lumi kõrsi maha ei murraks ...

Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA viral pathogen that infects plant species in the Panicoid tribe of the grass family Poaceae. The pathogen was first identified in Kansas in 1953 and most commonly causes disease on select cultivars of turf grass, switchgrass, and millet. The disease most commonly associated with the panicum mosaic virus pathogen is St. Augustine Decline Syndrome, which infects species of turf grass and causes chlorotic mottling. In addition to St. Augustine Decline, panicum mosaic virus is responsible for chlorotic streaking and mild green mosaicking in select cultivars of switchgrass and millet. PMV was first observed in Kansas in 1953. It was originally noted to infect switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and was observed infecting St. Augustine Grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) in Texas in 1966. The strain specific to St. Augustine Grass has since been observed in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and South Carolina in the United States, as well as in ...

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 21:613-621...Dong Qi and Karen-Beth G. Scholthof...© 2008 The American Phytopathological Society...The 17-kDa capsid protein (CP) of satellite panicum mosaic virus (SPMV) contains a distinct N-terminal arginine-rich motif (N-ARM) which is required for SPMV virion assembly and the activity of SPMV CP to promote systemic accumulation of its cognate RNA. The present study indicates that SPMV CP als...

Satellite tobacco necrosis virus. Computer illustration showing the surface structure of a tobacco necrosis satellivirus particle (virion) rendered with wireframes. Satellite viruses are subviral agents consisting of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein coat (shown here). They cannot infect host cells without a helper virus, which in this case is the tobacco necrosis virus. - Stock Image C035/7834

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The mdm2 oncogene has transforming potential that is activated by overexpression. We previously reported the identification of human choriocarcinoma cell lines that have very high levels of mdm2 proteins as well as elevated levels of a stabilized wild-type p53 protein. Importantly, this mdm2 overexpression resulted from enhanced translation of mdm2 mRNA, a mechanism that had not previously been implicated in mdm2 expression control. The focus of this study was to investigate the breadth of enhanced translation of mdm2 mRNA in human cancers and to elucidate the basis for this translational activation. Here we present evidence that translational enhancement of mdm2 expression occurs in a variety of human tumor cells. Most of these samples also have high levels of wild-type p53 protein. However, there is no evidence for concomitant overexpression of the p53 target genes p21/waf1 and gadd45. Additionally, we demonstrate that the translational enhancement of mdm2 involves a preferential increase in ...

Description: Red Clover is a highly nutritious plant and as such has made an excellent grazing food for animals. Red Clover contains phytoestrogens like genistein and daidzein. Size: 100ct 375mg Directions: As a dietary supplement, take 2 or 3 capsules two times a day with meals or a glass of water. Serving Size: 1 Capsule 100 Servings per container Ingredients: Amount Per Serving - % Daily Value Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)(blossom) 375 mg Other Ingredients: Gelatin (capsule) and magnesium stearate

Dont forget to inoculate red clover with a clover type inoculant. It grows in association with this specific strain of Rhizobium bacteria, which provides it with nitrogen in exchange for the plant-supplied sugars.. It is best to grow red clover in combination with a grass. Agronomically, mixes are always stronger than monocultures, and allow other species to persist and spread (depending on the species) as the clover thins. Red clover pairs well with a variety of cool season grasses, such as orchardgrass, timothy, or tall fescue. Clovers tend to thrive more in the heat of summer than their cool season grass companions, helping to even out the pastures forage supply. Mixing in grass will also greatly reduce the threat of bloat to the animal that comes with pure stands of many legumes.. Seeded in the spring, it can be grazed in early summer of the seeding year, but avoid grazing after about mid-September through the first frost to develop the root reserves needed for winter survival and disease ...

Red Clover Flowers by Hatton Hill. Grown, harvested and dried in Albania. Packed in the UK. PURE, PREMIUM PRODUCT: Red clover once grew only in Europe, Asia and parts of Africa, but it has spread throughout the world and thrives in many climates. Hatton Hills red clover flowers are grown in the lushest parts of Albani

The report generally describes red clover, examines its uses, production methods, patents. Red Clover market situation is overviewed; red clover manufacturers

Red Clover is a perennial plant which is seen throughout Asia and Europe and it has recently been brought to North America. Red Clover is known for providing support for both the respiratory and circulatory systems. The skin may also make use of Red Clove. ...

NOW Red Clover 425mg Details Red Clover is a flowering plant that flourishes in meadows and fields throughout Europe, North America and northern and central Asia. It is mentioned in the traditional medical texts of both Eastern and Western civilizations for a variety of ailments.

Double Cut Red Clover is one of the best cover crops for nitrogen fixation and attracting beneficial insects. Provides excellent habitat for honeybees and syrphid flies. Germination Temperature: 37+°F Days to Maturity: 200+ Days. This plant is a Perennial if not plowed under. Benefits: Excellent Nitrogen Fixation. Very Good Erosion Prevention. Superior Organic Matter Production. Breaks Compaction. Suppresses Weeds. Attracts Beneficials. Not Recommended for Forage or Hay Plant Height: 6 - 20 Coverage Rate: .5 - 1 lb per 1000 sq ft; 15 - 20 lbs per acre

Red Clover is rich in vitamins and nutrients and the flowers and leaves can be added fresh to salads when new. Older leaves can be sauteed or steamed like spinach or kale. It can also be added to soups, stir-frys and pasta sauces, add at the end of cooking so that its just wilted to retain the nutrients. The flowers can also be battered and fried like elderflowers or used to make wine and tea ...

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Clovers and especially the red ones have bioactive components: calcium, lecithin, chromium, magnesium, potassium, silicium, vitamins A, E, C, B2, and B3.

Organic Curcumin Market: by Application (Food), Form (Powder), Product Type (Red Clover Extract), Distribution Channel and Regions - Forecast to 2023

Red clover tops traditionally has been used with other herbs to support the quality of the blood by increasing the level of oxygen circulation of blood to transport nutrients to the cells needs. It also is a liver tonic as well as maintaining healthy bowel function and supports digestion.

Two experiments investigated (1) the effect of stage of maturity at harvest in the first year on yield and persistency of red clover and lucerne when grown as monocultures and bi-crops, and (2) the effect of ensiling ...

Be respectful to your dog and he will be respectful to you. Be patient and let him be dog. Realize that the dogs observes you and sees everything. Learn to understand your dog. And if your dog does something wrong to you, think for yourself and try to figure out which signals you were giving him. A dog is what you make of it ...

Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus (HCRSV) is a member of the genus Carmovirus in the family Tombusviridae. In order to study its coat protein (CP) functions on virus replication and movement in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), two HCRSV mutants, designated as p2590 (A to G) in which the first start codon ATG was replaced with GTG and p2776 (C to G) in which proline 63 was replaced with alanine, were constructed. In vitro transcripts of p2590 (A to G) were able to replicate to a similar level as wild type without CP expression in kenaf protoplasts. However, its cell-to-cell movement was not detected in the inoculated kenaf cotyledons. Structurally the proline 63 in subunit C acts as a kink for β-annulus formation during virion assembly. Progeny of transcripts derived from p2776 (C to G) was able to move from cell-to-cell in inoculated cotyledons but its long-distance movement was not detected. Virions were not observed in partially purified mutant virus samples isolated from 2776 (C to G) ...

Also known as Red Clover blossoms, Trifolium pratense Introduction Red clover is an herb belonging to the bean family, Fabaceae. It has a traditional use in India as a deobstruent, antispasmodic, expectorant, sedative, anti-inflammatory and antidermatosis agent. Red clover is sweet tasting, and can also make an enjoyable smoke. Constituents Isoflavones Harvest Data Origin: Croatia, Bulgaria Certified Organic Fluffy flower buds Red and Violet buds available Use Red clover makes a tasty addition to herbal teas and can also be smoked, helping to alleviate coughs. Both preparations are mild but are easy on the palate and mildly relaxing, calming the fight or flight response and supporting a healthy state of relaxation. Recommended dosage is 1-2 teaspoons per serving. Summary Red clover is in general a calming herb, and has been used as a tonic to support the nerves. It is commonly used today as a flavoring and for its aesthetic purposes in flowering teas. Some find smoking the herb to be quite relaxing, and

The fact that this disease occurs only rarely is little consolation when it has messed up your crop. The culprit is a virus which is transmitted by a soil borne fungus Olpidium brassicae. Something to do, you might think, with Brassica crops but there is little evidence that the disease is worse after a Brassica crop. In fact our knowledge about this disease and what are the predisposing conditions are quite limited. It has been recorded in the Netherlands since 1924, where the name ABC disease was adopted after the way in which the symptoms were first descibed viz. (A) dark, slightly raised, dark brown patches, (B) dark, almost sunken patches often resembling horseshoes and (C) lighter groups of brown patches with often parallel cracks. Apparently the virus is not transmitted from seed to daughter tubers. Eersteling (Duke of York), Doré and Bintje appear to have been most frequently affected. A couple of cases have been brought to my attention in the UK in recent years, one in Markies and ...

Looking for online definition of Panicum in the Medical Dictionary? Panicum explanation free. What is Panicum? Meaning of Panicum medical term. What does Panicum mean?

Red Clover pollen. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of pollen grains of Red Clover, Trifolium pratense. The outer wall (exine) of each grain has a netted ornamentation, and there are grooves called germinal furrows. These pollen grains are wind dispersed. When a pollen grain, containing the male gametes, lands on the stigma of a flower, it germinates. A pollen tube grows out from the furrow, down through the stigma, to the ovary. The male nuclei pass down this tube, fertilize the ovules and seeds are formed. Magnification: x1,425 at 5x7cm size. - Stock Image B786/0601

As I study herbs, I am continually seeing the hand of my Father in placing all of these plants here for our use and our healing. It makes me very thankful for a wise and loving God who cared so much for us that He created plants for every ailment. It is so sad that most of this knowledge has fallen by the wayside. In my family, as we study herbs, we have found it always directs us back to the feet of the Savior in amazement and thanksgiving for His providence.. It is the flower bud that you want to pick and gather during the summer. Lay them on a cookie sheet, cover with a cheese cloth and let them dry…then store in an airtight jar in a cool dark place (as you should store all of your herbal teas and medicines!) But, you can also order them from Mountain Rose Herbs (their banner is on the right). Always use organic so you will receive the medicinal benefit from this herb.. Red clover tea is made by bringing water almost to a boil and then pouring over the buds and allowing to steep (covered!) ...

Problems and ambiguity among alternative estrogen products reported by ConsumerLab.com - Results of soy and red clover isoflavone product testing released online today

SHREE RAGHVENDRA AGRO PROCESSORS is Yellow Panicum Millet manufacturer,Yellow Panicum seeds supplier,Panicum millet exporter based in Gujarat,India.

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Synonyms for alpine clover in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for alpine clover. 1 synonym for alpine clover: Trifolium alpinum. What are synonyms for alpine clover?

Deezwin Greens is a small-scale farm startup relying on traditional rural craft and moving towards a goal of self-sustainability. Slowly we are developing about a half acre of Niagara Escarpment clay earth into our dream homestead and learning along the way. We are also excitedly preparing for the launch of our not-for-profit greening workshops and educational programs. The Deezwins are Nick, Deni, Basil (12), Marie-Celeste (10) and Isaac (infant). We are an unschooling family with a lot to learn and we hope youll join us! ...

Panicum urvilleanum, a monocot, is a perennial grass that is native to California and is also found elsewhere in North America and beyond. ...