Bevan, M.W.; Mason, S.E.; Goelet, P., 1985: Expression of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein by a cauliflower mosaic virus promoter in plants transformed by Agrobacterium

Microtubules in crane-fly spermatids appeared altered when the glutaraldehyde-fixed cells were not postfixed with osmium tetroxide. The cytoplasmic microtubules were altered more than the doublet microtubules. Addition of osmium tetroxide after dehydration did not produce appearances identical with those of microtubules postfixed directly after glutaraldehyde, and thus at least some alterations occurred during dehydration, possibly due to extraction of microtubule-associated lipid. The omission of osmium tetroxide postfixation did not cause drastic alterations in the appearances of either tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), or polymerized tobacco mosaic virus protein (without RNA), suggesting that microtubule stability is different from TMV stability (with respect to the embedment procedure). The electron-dense stain associated with embedded-sectioned TMV is predominantly outside the TMV protein, as demonstrated by the known distribution of TMV protein compared with the dimensions of sectioned TMV and ...

Plant positive-strand RNA viruses require association with plant cell endomembranes for viral translation and replication, as well as for intra- and intercellular movement of the viral progeny. The membrane association and RNA binding of the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) movement protein (MP) are vital for orchestrating the macromolecular network required for virus movement. A previously proposed topological model suggests that TMV MP is an integral membrane protein with two putative α-helical transmembrane (TM) segments. Here we tested this model using an experimental system that measured the efficiency with which natural polypeptide segments were inserted into the ER membrane under conditions approximating the in vivo situation, as well as in planta. Our results demonstrated that the two hydrophobic regions (HRs) of TMV MP do not span biological membranes. We further found that mutations to alter the hydrophobicity of the first HR modified membrane association and precluded virus movement. We ...

The p30 movement protein (MP) is essential for cell-to-cell spread of tobacco mosaic virus in planta. We used anion-exchange chromatography and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to obtain highly purified 30-kDa MP, which migrated as a single band in native PAGE. Analytical ultracentrifugation suggested that the protein was monodisperse and dimeric in the nonionic detergent n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed that the detergent-solubilized protein contained significant alpha-helical secondary structure. Proteolysis of the C-tail generated a trypsin-resistant core that was a mixture of primarily monomers and some dimers. We propose that MP dimers are stabilized by electrostatic interactions in the C terminus as well as hydrophobic interactions between putative transmembrane alpha-helical coiled coils ...

Oligonucleotide primers have been used to generate a cDNA library covering the entire tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA sequence. Analysis of these clones has enabled us to complete the viral RNA sequence and to study its variability within a viral population. The positive strand coding sequence starts 69 nucleotides from the 5 end with a reading frame for a protein of Mr 125,941 and terminates with UAG. Readthrough of this terminator would give rise to a protein of Mr 183,253. Overlapping the terminal five codons of this readthrough reading frame is a second reading frame coding for a protein of Mr 29,987. This gene terminates two nucleotides before the initiator codon of the coat protein gene. Potential signal sequences responsible for the capping and synthesis of the coat protein and Mr 29,987 protein mRNAs have been identified. Similar sequences within these reading frames may be used in the expression of sets of proteins that share COOH-terminal sequences.. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - In vitro translation products of mrnas derived from TMV-infected tobacco exhibiting a hypersensitive response. AU - Smart, Thomas E.. AU - Dunigan, David D.. AU - Zaitlin, Milton. PY - 1987/6. Y1 - 1987/6. N2 - Expression of the hypersensitive response (HSR) to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection in Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi-nc (genotype NN) is controlled by the single dominant N gene and is temperature sensitive. TMV-infected Xanthi-nc tobacco plants grown at the HSR-restrictive temperature of 31° for 3 days postinoculation show necrosis approximately 8 hr after the temperature shift to the HSR-permissive temperature of 25°. Both polyribosomal and total cytoplasmic poly(A)-containing RNAs were isolated at various times after the temperature shift from leaves of TMV-infected and mock-infected Xanthi-nc tobacco plants and from TMV-infected Turkish Samsun tobacco plants (genotype nn; systemic for TMV infection). The RNAs were translated in vitro and the products were ...

TMV or Tobacco Mosaic Virus is a rod shape virus. It is an elongated virus with a helical symmetry. It causes tobacco mosaic disease. ...

Tomato mosaic tobamovirus (ToMV) differs from the type strain of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in producing local lesions instead of systemic infection on Nicotiana sylvestris. An isolate collected from Kolar district of Karnataka which produced this differential host reaction was propagated in the greenhouse on N. tabacum cp. Samsun and purified. The virus is a rigid rod shaped particle with a coat protein of molecular weight 18 kDa and genomic RNA of size 6.3 kb. A cDNA library was constructed using a specific primer designed based on the conserved nucleotide sequence at the 3 non coding region of tobamoviruses. The cDNA library was screened for recombinant Clones and, the recombinant clone 82 with an insert of size 1.04 kb was sequenced in both directions. This sequence was compared with the genomic sequence of TMV and ToMV which showed 93.1 and 73.7 per cent identity, respectively. The sequence encompassed the 3 non coding region, the complete coat protein ORF and 467 nucleotides of the, ...

See on Scoop.it - Virology News Plant viruses are generally considered incapable of infecting vertebrates. Accordingly, they are not considered harmful for humans. However, a few studies questioned the certainty of this paradigm. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA has been detected in human samples and TMV RNA translation has been described in animal cells. We sought to…

Viruses are obligatory parasites that depend on host Hula o for their replication as el as for their local and syst movement to establish infection. Although myosin motors are hought to contribute to plant virus infection, their exact role in the specific infection steps have not been addressed. Here we investigated the replication, cell-to-cell and systemic spread of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) using dominant negative inhibition of myosin activity. We found that interference with the functions of three class VIII myosins and two class XI myosins significantly reduced the local and long-distance transport o virus. We further determined that the inactivation of myosins XI-2 and XI-K affected the structure and dynamic behavior of th ER leading to aggregation of he viral movement protein (MP) and to a delay in the MP accumulation in plasmodesmata (PD) The inactivation of myosin XI-2 but not of myosin XI-K affected the localization pattern of the 126k replicase subunit and the level of TMV ...

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) causes significant losses in many economically important crops. Contaminated soils may play roles as reservoirs and sources of transmission for TMV. In this study we report the development of an immunocapture real-time RT-PCR (IC-real-time RT-PCR) assay for direct detection of TMV in soils without RNA isolation. A series of TMV infected leaf sap dilutions of 1:101, 1:102, 1:103, 1:104, 1:105 and 1:106 (w/v, g/mL) were added to one gram of soil. The reactivity of DAS-ELISA and conventional RT-PCR was in the range of 1:102 and 1:103 dilution in TMV-infested soils, respectively. Meanwhile, the detection limit of IC-real-time RT-PCR sensitivity was up to 1:106 dilution. However, in plant sap infected by TMV, both IC-real-time RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR were up to 1:106 dilution, DAS-ELISA could detect at least 1:103 dilution. IC-real-time RT-PCR method can use either plant sample extracts or cultivated soils, and show higher sensitivity than RT-PCR and DAS-ELISA for detection of

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is an intensely studied model of viruses. This paper reports an investigation into the dissociation of TMV by pH and pressure up to 220 MPa. The viral solution (0.25 mg/ml) incubated at 277 K showed a significant decrease in light scattering with increasing pH, suggesting dissociation. This observation was confirmed by HPLC gel filtration and electron microscopy. The calculated volume change of dissociation (AV) decreased (absolute value) from - 49.7 ml/mol of subunit at pH 3.8 to - 21.7 ml/mol of subunit at pH 9.0. The decrease from pH 9.0 to 3.8 caused a stabilization of 14.1 kJ/mol of TMV subunit. The estimated proton release calculated from pressure-induced dissociation curves was 0.584 mol H+/mol of TMV subunit. These results suggest that the degree of virus inactivation by pressure and the immunogenicity of the inactivated structures can be optimized by modulating the surrounding pH, (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved ...

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has been at the center of virus research since its discovery over a hundred years ago. TMV was the first virus to be discovered. Late in the 19th century, researchers found that a tiny infectious agent, too small to be a bacterium, was the cause of a disease of tobacco plants. It then took 30 years of work before the nature of this mysterious agent became apparent. In a Nobel-prize-winning study, Wendell Stanley coaxed the virus to form crystals, and discovered that it was composed primarily of protein. Others quickly discovered that there was also RNA in the virus. Then, many prominent structural researchers (including J. D. Bernal, Rosalind Franklin, Ken Holmes, Aaron Klug, Don Caspar, and Gerald Stubbs) used X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy to probe the structure of the virus ...

Abstract: Transition metal nanoparticles possess valuable specific size dependent properties that arise at the nanoscale, and differ significantly from their bulk properties. However, the fabrication of these nanoparticles is often difficult to predict and control due to harsh reaction conditions and effects of capping agents or surfactants. Therefore, there is a critical need for facile routes to... read moreward controllable nanoparticle fabrication. Biological supramolecules, such as viruses, offer attractive templates for nanoparticle synthesis, due to their precise size and shape. In addition, simple genetic modifications can be employed to confer additional functionality with a high number of precisely spaced functional groups. In this work we exploit the specificity of genetically modified Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV1cys) for readily controllable palladium (Pd) nanoparticle synthesis via simple electroless deposition. TMV1cys, engineered to display one cysteine residue on the surface of ...

The formation of ordered aggregates of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in the presence of divalent metal ions has been studied in concentrated (1-25 mg/ml) solutions of the virus. The divalent metal cations Cd2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ have been found

In this project I explored two different methods for utilizing genetically modified tobacco mosaic viruses (TMVs) to robustly create tunable and functional nano-scale surfaces and structures. As highly stable nano-scale rods, TMVs provide for excellent nanotemplates that are programmable via nucleic acid hybridization and functionalizable with genetically inserted thiol groups in cysteine residues... read more. Utilizing gold-thiol binding and functionalization with fluorescein, fluorescence and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results clearly demonstrate the capacity for TMVs to specifically and tunably self-assemble onto gold surfaces while retaining thiol functionality. Utilizing the hybridization-based assembly of TMVs to DNA miniarrays, AFM results should also clearly demonstrate the capacity for TMVs to be selectively linked to form TMV dimers, trimers, and other arbitrarily complex geometries, although no conclusive results were obtained prior to the submission of this document. Either of ...

Page contains details about doxorubicin-conjugated tobacco mosaic virus capsid protein mutant assemblies . It has composition images, properties, Characterization methods, synthesis, applications and reference articles : nano.nature.com

Protein of the Year: Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Welcome to viralinfections.info, we recommend viral infections related blog articles and classify them by tag.

Tobacco Mosaic virus is a highly contagious disease that can attack marijuana plants. In some cases entire crops can be lost. Prevention is the best cure

Abel, P. P., Nelson, R. S., De, B., Hoffmann, N., Rogers, S. G., Fraley, R. T., and Beachy, R. N. 1986. Delay of disease development in transgenic plants that express the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein gene. Science 232:738-743. Almeida, A. M. R., Piuga, F. F., Marin, S. R. R., Kitajima, E. W., Gaspar, J. O., Oliveira, T. G., and Moraes, T. G. 2005. Detection and partial characterization of a carlavirus causing stem necrosis of soybean in Brazil. Fitopatol. Bras. 30:191-194.. Almeida, A. M. R., Piuga, F. F., Kitajima, E. W., Gaspar, J. O., Valentin, N., Benato, L. C., Marin, S. R. R., Binneck, E., Oliveira, T. G., Belintani, P., Guerzoni, R. A., Nunes, J., Hoffmann, L., Nora, P. S., Nepomuceno, A. L., Meyer, M. C., and Almeida, L. A. 2003. Necrose da haste da soja. Embrapa Soja: Londrina, PR, Brazil. Aragão, F. J. L., and Faria, J. C. 2009. First transgenic geminivirus-resistant plant in the field. Nat. Biotechnol. 27:1086-1088.. Aragão, F. J. L., and Faria, J. C. 2010. Proposta de ...

Abel, P. P., Nelson, R. S., De, B., Hoffmann, N., Rogers, S. G., Fraley, R. T., and Beachy, R. N. 1986. Delay of disease development in transgenic plants that express the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein gene. Science 232:738-743. Almeida, A. M. R., Piuga, F. F., Marin, S. R. R., Kitajima, E. W., Gaspar, J. O., Oliveira, T. G., and Moraes, T. G. 2005. Detection and partial characterization of a carlavirus causing stem necrosis of soybean in Brazil. Fitopatol. Bras. 30:191-194.. Almeida, A. M. R., Piuga, F. F., Kitajima, E. W., Gaspar, J. O., Valentin, N., Benato, L. C., Marin, S. R. R., Binneck, E., Oliveira, T. G., Belintani, P., Guerzoni, R. A., Nunes, J., Hoffmann, L., Nora, P. S., Nepomuceno, A. L., Meyer, M. C., and Almeida, L. A. 2003. Necrose da haste da soja. Embrapa Soja: Londrina, PR, Brazil. Aragão, F. J. L., and Faria, J. C. 2009. First transgenic geminivirus-resistant plant in the field. Nat. Biotechnol. 27:1086-1088.. Aragão, F. J. L., and Faria, J. C. 2010. Proposta de ...

Citation: Lewandowski, D., Hayes, A.J., Adkins, S.T. 2010. Surprising results from a search for effective disinfectants for Tobacco mosaic virus-contaminated tools. Plant Disease. 94:5:542-550. Interpretive Summary: More than 100 years after its discovery, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) remains an economically important pathogen for producers of many vegetatively propaged crops including petunias. We have developed a robust system to determine efficacy of disinfectants for treating TMV-contaminated cutting tools. Technical Abstract: Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and four other tobamoviruses infected multiple petunia cultivars without producing obvious viral symptoms. A single cutting event on a TMV-infected plant was sufficient for transmission to many plants subsequently cut with the same clippers. A number of old standbys and new products were tested for their efficacy in treating TMV-contaminated cutting tools. ...

A comparison of the DNA metabolisms of uninfected and TMV infected excised tobacco leaves, using p(32)-orthophosphate incorporation into the DNA as a measure of its metabolism, indicated that the DNA metabolism is not affected by TMV infection. This result was corroborated by the results of studies on the effect of 5-fluorouracil, a specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis, on the multiplication of TMV in tobacco-leaf discs. Although partial inhibition of TMV multiplication was observed, the absence of inhibition reversal thymidine, indicated that the mechanism of TMV inhibition probably did not involve a specific block of DNA synthesis. Finally unsuccessful attempts were made to see if intact host DNA was necessary for TMV infection by treating tobacco-leaf discs with DNAase ...

Oligochitosan was applied by spraying it on tobacco leaves for inhibition of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The maximum inhibition of TMV by oligochitosan was observed when inoculation occurred at 24 h after spraying 50 mu g ml(-1) oligochitosan. The production of H(2)O(2) and NO in epidermal tobacco cells induced by oligochitosan was investigated by epidermal strip bioassay and LSCM, using cell permeable fluorophore diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2D) and 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (H(2)DCF-DA), respectively. Epidermal tobacco cells treated with oligochitosan resulted in a strong increase of intracellular NO and H(2)O(2). Oligochitosan and NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced the defense reaction against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity. Co-treatment of the tobacco cells with oligochitosan and NO scavenger CPTIO blocked the inducing resistance. The results indicated that the defense response induced by oligochitosan was connected ...

Mumbai, India: Bharat book announces a report on 20 % Discount on Tobacco in Thailand Vaild Upto 11 Aug 2017, this report At the same time, cigars, cigarillos and smoking tobacco continued to see steady demand, further contributing to the strong value performance of tobacco.. In 2016, tobacco registered strong growth in retail value sales. Due to a tax rise for cigarettes in the first half of the year, the price of cigarettes rose by an average of 20%. The increase in unit price more than compensated for the negligible decline in retail volume sales of cigarettes, and boosted retail value sales in 2016. At the same time, cigars, cigarillos and smoking tobacco continued to see steady demand, further contributing to the strong value performance of tobacco.. ...

Species recognized by EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1 and EOL Dynamic Hierarchy 1.1. In addition, vacuolar PPase transcripts are implicated in the response of plants to various abiotic stresses, including low nutrient, drought, cold, heat, heavy metal and salinity stresses. Tobamovirus is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family Virgaviridae. The members of the genus are bipartite soil-borne viruses transmitted by nematodes to dicot plants. The RNAs are capped and possess a t-RNA structure at the 3′ end. Many plants, including tobacco, potato, tomato, and squash, serve as natural hosts. (see Section 2.2.5) (Fig. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree of the codon-aligned nucleotide sequences of the replication proteins of plant-infecting viruses in the family Virgaviridae. For SBCMV and CWMV, the 24 kDa extended CP, but not CP itself, has been shown to interact with the CWMV 19 kDa RNA silencing suppressor. In the case of SBWMV, both CP forms were able to interact with CWMV P19. Questions ...

Q: I know that the letters on tomato labels mean that they are resistant to certain diseases, but I have no idea what these diseases look like and whether I need to pay attention to these labels.. A: I think tomatoes can be more demanding than roses in some cases. It seems that theres always a bug or disease ready to ruin your plans for homemade salsa.. Tomatoes are susceptible to several viruses and soil fungi, and, once infected, cannot be effectively treated. The best way to avoid this issue is to grow resistant varieties.. Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) causes an irregular light green/dark green pattern on leaves and spindly, scraggly growth at the tips. Leaves can become wrinkled and sometimes frilly in appearance. The fruit from an infected plant is edible but will have low quality and poor yield. Dont handle plants after smoking because the virus can be transmitted from tobacco to tomatoes. Look for T on the plant label, which indicates resistance to Tobacco Mosaic Virus.. ...

Large batches of tobacco plants infected with tobacco mosaic virus and ground up while frozen were thawed in buffer solution containing alkaline sodium phosphate, and the solution was filtered. The filtrate at lowered pH was treated with concentrated ammonium sulfate. The precipitate contained virus, which was extracted and reprecipitated (by acidification in the presence of 20 percent saturated ammonium sulfate) as small needles. Stanleys achievement was soon reproduced in England by Frederick Bawden and Norman Pirie, who were also able to show that the tobacco mosaic virus and other plant viruses contained ribonucleic acid (RNA). Stanley initially considered the RNA to be a contaminant, but later investigations by Seymour Cohen showed RNA to be a very large molecule having a molecular mass of up to 2 million daltons. Surprisingly, the thought that the viral RNA might be the genetic element of the virus was not tested until 1956. Wendell Meredith Stanley was born in Ridgeville, Indiana, in ...

The primary images of viruses were being obtained on the invention of electron microscopy in 1931 by the German engineers Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll.[32] In 1935, American biochemist and virologist Wendell Meredith Stanley examined the tobacco mosaic virus and found it absolutely was mainly manufactured from protein.[33] A brief time later, this virus was separated into protein and RNA components.[34] The tobacco mosaic virus was the primary to generally be crystallised and its construction could thus be elucidated intimately ...

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Despite his other successes, Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) was unable to find a causative agent for rabies and speculated about a pathogen too small to be detected using a microscope.[1] In 1884, the French microbiologist Charles Chamberland (1851-1931) invented a filter - known today as the Chamberland filter - that had pores smaller than bacteria. Thus, he could pass a solution containing bacteria through the filter and completely remove them from the solution.[2] In 1876, Adolf Mayer, who directed the Agricultural Experimental Station in Wageningen was the first to show that what he called Tobacco Mosaic Disease was infectious, he thought that it was caused by either a toxin or a very small bacterium. Later, in 1892, the Russian biologist Dmitry Ivanovsky (1864-1920) used a Chamberland filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus. His experiments showed that crushed leaf extracts from infected tobacco plants remain infectious after filtration. Ivanovsky suggested the infection ...

The results presented here represent the highest reported level of plant-based protein production without the use of viral replication. We report the creation of an expression system based on a version of CPMV RNA-2 that is hypertranslatable relative to the wild-type version. By the removal of an upstream AUG that appears to inhibit translation, the system allows a variety of proteins to be produced to levels similar to that from state-of-the-art viral vectors in a matter of days, and without concomitant shortcomings of viral replication of transcripts. A recent study (Lindbo, 2007) showed 100-fold better expression for a single protein, GFP, from a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-based vector than when P19 was coinfiltrated with a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter-driven construct. The HT constructs used in this study produced GFP levels in the same order of magnitude as the highest achieved with the TMV vector used in that study.. A significant disadvantage of vectors based on monopartite ...

Sucking insects such as spider mites, aphids and plant-hoppers transmit plant viruses. Do chewing insects such as Australian cockroaches, which relish orchids, feeding on the succulent young growing shoots and aerial roots?. Thats the problem being studied by Carol D. Allen, the winner of the 2009 Francis R. Gouin Undergraduate Research Grant.. Allen is a senior at the University of Maryland Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture. In controlled atmospheric growth chambers, Allen will grow virus-free Onicidium Sweet Sugar Kalender orchids next to the virus-infested plants of the same cultivar. In the same chamber will be growing Nicotiana tabacum Xanthi, which also caries the tobacco mosaic virus. Once the plants are acclimated, she will release Australian cockroaches. After feeding injury is visible on all orchids, the virus-free orchid will be tested for nine viral agents.. Allen receives $1,000 for conducting her research and an additional $1,000 to cover her expenses if she ...

Penetration follows attachment: Virions enter the host mobile by receptor-mediated endocytosis or membrane fusion. This is frequently identified as viral entry. The infection of plant and fungal cells differs from that of animal cells. Crops have a rigid cell wall made from cellulose, and fungi considered one of chitin, so most viruses could get inside of these cells only following trauma to your mobile wall.[109] Having said that, nearly all plant viruses (which include tobacco mosaic virus) may go straight from cell to mobile, in the shape of one-stranded nucleoprotein complexes, through pores called plasmodesmata ...

At Birkbeck College, Franklin was once more in a professional environment in which she felt respected and supported. Unlike Kings, Birkbeck originated as a workingmens college devoted to adult education, which gave it a much more egalitarian atmosphere. Moreover, the director of Biomolecular Research Laboratory was a scientist she had long admired, John Desmond Bernal. Bernal was a pioneer in x-ray crystallography and one of the first to recognize its application to biology. Along with Dorothy Hodgkin and others, he developed or refined many of the techniques and analytical methods that Franklin learned during her time in Paris. In 1934 he took the first ever x-ray diffraction pictures of a crystalline protein (pepsin), and in the late 1930s he and Isidore Fankuchen applied the technique to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), producing a landmark study. Bernal had moved from Cambridge to Birkbeck in 1937, to chair the physics department, and established a lab devoted to problems in molecular biology ...

In 1884, the French microbiologist Charles Chamberland invented a filter, (known today as the Chamberland filter or Chamberland-Pasteur filter), that has pores smaller than bacteria. Thus, he could pass a solution containing bacteria through the filter and completely remove them from the solution.[8] Russian biologist Dimitri Ivanovski used this filter to study what is now known to be the tobacco mosaic virus. His experiments showed that the crushed leaf extracts of infected tobacco plants are still infectious after filtration.. At the same time several other scientists proved that, although these agents (later called viruses) were different from bacteria, they could still cause disease, and they were about a hundred times smaller than bacteria. In 1899 The Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck observed that the agent multiplied only in dividing cells. Having failed to demonstrate its particulate nature he called it a contagium vivum fluidum to mean soluble living germ.[9] In the early ...

The generation of viral mutants in vitro was demonstrated by treatment of the isolated RNA of Tobacco Mosaic Virus by nitrous acid. This agent causes deaminations converting cytosine into uracil, and adenine into hypoxanthine. Our assay for mutagenesis was the production of local lesions on a tobacco variety on which the untreated strain produces systemic infections only. A variety of different mutants are generated in this way. Quantitative analysis of the kinetics of mutagenesis leads to the conclusion that alteration of a single out of the 6000 nucleotides of the viral RNA is sufficient for causing a mutation ...

Published in Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Volume 52, Issue 26, 2013, pages 6638-6642. © Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2013, Wiley-VCH Verlag. Li, T., Zan, X., Winans, R. E., Wang, Q., & Lee, B. (2013). Biomolecular assembly of thermoresponsive superlattices of the tobacco mosaic virus with large tunable interparticle distances. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 52(26), 6638-6642.. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201209299. ...

The Caspar and Klug quasi-equivalence theory of icosahedral virus construction was based on the recognition that structural proteins are adaptable molecules that can self-assemble by bonding together in different ways within a highly ordered structure. Studies on the DNA containing tumor viruses have demonstrated that the molecular adaptability goes beyond the modest conformational adjustments anticipated in the quasi-equivalence theory; nevertheless essential bonding specificity is conserved in the contacts that tie the coat protein molecules together. As yet, there is no coherent picture of the switching mechanisms involved in the formation of any macromolecular biological assembly. Tobacco mosaic virus, which is the paradigm of a self-assembly structure, is the focus of renewed studies to investigate such structural switching. High resolution data on the coat protein structure in different assemblies is being obtained by diffraction methods with synchrotron radiation and by cryoelectron ...

Scientist have created a transistor by coating a 30-nanometre-long chunks of tobacco mosaic virus with platinum nanoparticles. The team built a

The hundreds of tomatoes available to gardeners base their distinction on several factors, including disease resistance. Common diseases that infect tomatoes include verticillium and fusarium wilts that spread through the soil causing yellow leaves, wilt and death. Other diseases include tobacco mosaic virus, ...

Enchantment (F1 hybrid, Indeterminate, 72 days, resistant to verticilium and fusarium wilts 1 and 2, nematodes, and tobacco mosaic virus) is a 3 (7.5cm), oval salad tomato that grows in fat clusters spiraling around the vine. One of the most versatile tomatoes you can grow, it has great flavor, but is not so juicy that you cant make a quick sauce without having to cook off a lot of water.. Marketing system ...

For example, diseases like powdery mildew and tobacco mosaic virus are often systemic, meaning that pathogens have spread to almost every tissue in the plant. Once infected, it is impossible to completely eliminate pathogens from tissues. Therefore any cuttings made from a diseased mother plant, even if they look perfectly healthy, will also be infected and can eventually present disease symptoms like reduced productivity and/or plant death, according to Dr. Jones.. How does tissue culture get around this problem? Remember that explants (small tissue samples used as starting material) can be extracted from any part of the plant. Meristematic cells in shoot tips and leaves are the source of new plant growth. Dr. Jones explains that these cells, and the first set of primordial leaves are not connected directly to the vascular tissue, the plants transport system by which pathogens spread. Therefore, meristematic cells tend to be disease-free, whatever the condition of the mother. It takes a sharp ...

Speaker: Prof Bert Klumperman - Stellenbosch University. In order to design and synthesize complex materials with advanced functionalities, scientists very often take inspiration from Nature. In this lecture, a few examples will be shown of such developments. One example is the use of self-assembly to create a synthetic mimic of the tobacco mosaic virus. This example just serves to demonstrate how we can make use of simple principles to manipulate the organization of molecules. Other examples will show how we can use hybrids of natural and synthetic systems to make functional assemblies that are responsive to their environment. Such hybrid systems show great promise for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to specific sites in the body. The lecture will end with an outlook on new developments in the field of nanomedicine, i.e. the application of nanotechnology in health care.. ...

From the recognition by Ivanovski in 1892 that tobacco mosaic disease is caused and transmitted by fine pore filtrates [1], viruses have been isolated, characterized, identified and studied from animals, plants, protists, bacteria and even other viruses [2,3]. As human and global public health pathogens that can be highly contagious and have devastating morbidity and mortality consequences, viruses are the focus of much research. The difficult challenge has been to define and study a miniscule

Infectivity of TMV RNA reported by H.Frankel-Conrat (J.Am.Chem.Soc 78:882-883, 1956) and A. Gierer G. Schramm (Nature177:702-703, 1956). Interferon discovered by Isaacs and Lindenmann (Proc Roy Soc B[London] 147:258-267,1957 ...

While it is always difficult, perhaps impossible, to determine or clearly define the starting point in any area of science, the idea that genes make proteins was an important step and this concept was brought into sharp focus by the specific one gene-one enzyme hypothesis of Beadle and Tatum. The field of biochemical genetics was thus born. The next step was taken when it was established that genes are nucleic acids. The transformation experiments of Avery and coworkers followed by the bacteriophage experiments of Hershey and Chase established this for DNA and the work with TMV-RNA a few years later established the same for RNA. By the early 1950s it was, therefore, clear that genes are nucleic acids and that nucleic acids direct protein synthesis, the direct involvement of RNA in this process being suggested by the early work of Caspersson and of Brachet. ...

Blue Dream needs to be much safer to use without the side results. It is one of the most common strains on the market today. It is one of the clone-only strains that does not belong to particular ...

Satellite Tobacco Mosaic Virus : Icosahedral Capsid and RNA Structure By

Satellite Tobacco Mosaic Virus : Icosahedral Capsid and RNA Structure By

Vascular phloem loading has long been recognized as an essential step in the establishment of a systemic virus infection. Yet little is known about this process and the mechanisms that control it. In this study, an interaction between the replication protein of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and phloem specific auxin/indole acetic acid (Aux/IAA) transcriptional regulators was found to modulate virus phloem loading. Promoter expression studies show TMV 126/183 kDa interacting Aux/IAAs predominantly express and accumulate within the nuclei of phloem companion cells (CC). Furthermore, CC Aux/IAA nuclear localization is disrupted upon infection with an interacting virus but not during infection with a non-interacting virus. In situ analysis of virus spread shows the inability of TMV variants to disrupt Aux/IAA CC nuclear localization correlates with a reduced ability to load into the vascular tissue. Subsequent systemic movement assays also demonstrate that a virus capable of disrupting Aux/IAA ...

Read Can Salicylic Acid Affect the Intercellular Transport of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus by Changing Plasmodesmal Permeability?, Russian Journal of Plant Physiology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

Unlike some of the other common viruses of ornamentals, TMV is not vectored by insects. The virus can be spread by sap, through vegetative plant production and through mechanical means. Smoking should not be permitted in production areas because tobacco products can carry TMV. Fungicides are not helpful in controlling plant diseases. Once plants are infected with a virus, they can not be treated to eradicate the virus. Infected plants should be removed and destroyed. Identifying infected plants can sometimes be challenging. MSUs Diagnostic Services lab can test samples for TMV with ELISA testing. Samples should be submitted with next day delivery and should not be mailed on a Friday. Overnight delivery is recommended because several samples mailed recently with slower delivery options were frozen when they arrived at the lab.. Click here (www.pestid.msu.edu) to learn how to submit a sample, or contact me (517-355-3504) if you have any questions about submitting samples or the testing ...

Protein Feature View Expand: Reference Sequence; Experimental Data & Validation. Local infections are produced on mechanically inoculated Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, and N. clevelandii. The members of the genus are all bipartite soil-borne viruses transmitted by the plasmodiophorid Polymyxa graminis to graminaceous plants (monocots). Resistance to SBCMV is controlled by a single locus Sbm on 5DL chromosome. Over-expression experiments using fluorescent protein tagged CWMV replicase showed that it localized to membrane-associated inclusions leading to the hypothesis that virus replication might occur on these host membranes. Method: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; Resolution: 1.92 Å; Aggregation State: HELICAL ARRAY ; Reconstruction Method: HELICAL ; … Additionally, twenty-seven unassigned species in the family Virgaviridae have been recognized and include only two plant-infecting viruses: Cucumis melo virga-like virus and Soil-borne barley mosaic virus. You may not use this work for commercial ...

Many infectious diseases are caused by viruses - very small biological particles. They are far too small to be visible under a microscope and could only be identified with the help of the symptoms they cause. Wendell Stanley studied the tobacco mosaic virus, which attacks the leaves of tobacco plants. From considerable quantities of infected tobacco leaves, he succeeded in extracting the virus in the form of pure crystals in 1935. Through further research, Wendell Stanley was able to show that the tobacco mosaic virus is composed of protein and ribonucleic acid, or RNA.. ...

Las Cruces, NM 88003. Maccabi (HA-1005) - Vendor: Hazera Quality Seed. Characteristics: F1 hybrid Lamuyo bell pepper type, green maturing to red, 160 · 80 mm fruit size, large elongated fruit, medium thick fruit walls, 3 lobed, pendant, tall upright plant habit. Resistance: Tobacco Mosaic Virus pathotype 0. Adaptation: Open field and tunnel production.. Maestro - Vendor: Enza Zaden B.V. Parentage: F1 hybrid. Characteristics: blocky, uniform, green ripening to red bell pepper, thick walls, very early, well formed plants, not too many side shoots. Resistance: tobacco mosaic virus race 0, 1 and 2. 1995.. Magic Red - Vendor: Johnnys Selected Seeds. Parentage: F1 hybrid. Characteristics: mid-size fruit, 127 x 19 mm, smooth, tapered, pointed, medium hot pungency, 60 days green, 85 days red ripe, tall plants, good yield. Adaptation: wide. 1999.. Malan - Vendor: Daehnfeldt Seed Co. Parentage: F1 hybrid. Characteristics: bell pepper, dark green to red fruit, 115 x 100 mm fruit size, 3- to 4-lobes, ...

2013年. 80. N. N. Liu, Y. Chen, B. Peng, Y. Lin, Q. Wang, Z. Su, W. K. Zhang, H. B. Li, J. C. Shen, Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy Study on the Mechanism of RNA Disassembly in Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Biophys. Chem. 2013, 105(12), 2790-2800. ,Full Paper in PDF,. 79. Y. Guo, Y. Han, Z. Su*, Ordering of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) in Solution and on Substrates Induced by Concentrated Sulfuric Acid, J. Phys. Chem. B 2013, 117, 14842-14848. ,Full Paper in PDF,. 78.J. Wei, L. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Ma, H. Wang, Z. Su*, Coarsening of silver nanoparticles in polyelectrolyte multilayers, Langmuir 2013,29(36), 11413-11419. ,Full Paper in PDF,. 77. Y. Guo, L. Jiang, X. J. Ma, W. P. Hu, Z. H. Su*, Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Monolayer Nanowhiskers, Polym. Chem.2013, 4, 4308-4311.. ,Full Paper in PDF, 76. M. Su, H. Y. Huang, X. J. Ma, Q. Wang, Z. H. Su*, Poly(2-vinylpyridine)-block-polycaprolactone) Single Crystals in Micellar Solution. Macromol. Rapid Commun.2013, 34(13), 1067-1071. ,Full Paper in PDF, 75. Y. M. Wang, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Comprehensive analysis of wound-inducible genes from the Nicotiana glutinosa leaves using a full-length cDNA microarray. AU - Kouzuma, Yoshiaki. AU - Tsutsumi, Yusuke. AU - Abe, Masumi. AU - Hayashi, Takeshi. AU - Hada, Kazumasa. AU - Uehashi, Keigo. AU - Shimada, Yukiko. AU - Tashiro, Kosuke. AU - Kuhara, Satoru. AU - Kimura, Makoto. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2005/10. Y1 - 2005/10. N2 - Wound-inducible gene expression in the the Nicotiana glutinosa leaves was studied by using a microarray with 9600 full-length cDNAs. As a result, 86 genes were identified as wound-inducible genes in the N. glutinosa leaves, including those encoding defense related proteins, such as heat shock proteins, glutathione S-transferase, ascorbate peroxidase and non-specific lipid-transfer proteins. Among 86 genes, 15 genes including 11 hypothetical protein genes and 1 unknown protein genes encode unknown functional proteins. Although the translational ...

My research is aimed at understanding macromolecular structure-function relationships in a variety of biological systems. We incorporate experimental data from collaborations and from the literature into the development of structural and dynamic models. Current areas of interest include:. Virus Structure and Assembly: Understanding how small, icosahedral RNA and DNA viruses assemble should lead to new approaches for the design of antiviral drugs.. My group published a detailed model for satellite tobacco mosaic virus (STMV), using a previously proposed secondary structure model for the genomic RNA. This was the first all-atom model for any virus and represented a significant technical advance. We are now applying those methods to hepatitis B virus (HBV), an extremely important human pathogen. My lab is carrying out experiments to determine the secondary structure of the HBV pregenomic RNA, and we are collaborating with Adam Zlotnick (University of Indiana) in the development of both ...

Viruses, the cause of many diseases, are the smallest natural organisms known. They are extremely primitive and parasitic such that biologists refer to them as particles, rather than organisms. Viruses contain in a protein shell, the capsid, their own building plan, the genome, in the form of DNA or RNA. Viruses hijack a biological cell and make it produce from one virus many new ones. Viruses have evolved elaborate mechanisms to infect host cells, to to produce and assemble their own components, and to leave the host cell when it bursts from viral overcrowding. Because of their simplicity and small size, computational biologists selected a virus for their first attempt to reverse-engineer in a computer program, NAMD, an entire life form, choosing one of the tiniest viruses for this purpose, the satellite tobacco mosaic virus. As described in a recent report, the researchers simulated the virus in a small drop of salt water, altogether involving over a million atoms. This provided an ...

우리나라 잎담배에 발생하고 있는 바이러스의 종류와 감염상을 조사하기 위하여 전주지방에서 Burley종 (Burley-21) 20개체, 부천연초시험장 포장에시 황색종(Hicks) 20개체를 병징별로 채집하여 혈청학적인 방법에 의해 실시했다. 검정대상 바이러스는 Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV), Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Potato virus X(PVX) 및 Potato virus Y(PVY)등 5종으로 TMV, AMV, CMV는 한천내확산법으로 PVX, PVY는 미량침강법으로 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 공시이병개체중에서 TMV, CMV, AMV, P X 및 PVY 등 5종의 바이러스가 검출되었다. 2. 조사된 40개체중 각 바이러스의 감염율은 AMV |TEX|$67.5\%$|/TEX|, CMV |TEX|$60.0\%$|/TEX|, TMV|TEX|$47.5\%$|/TEX|PVY|TEX|$17.5\%$|/TEX|, PVX|TEX|$10.0\%$|/TEX|의 순이었다. 3. Burley종에서는 TMV감염율이 |TEX|$15.0\%$|/TEX|로 황색종의 |TEX|$80.0\%$|/TEX|보다 현저히 낮았다. 4.

Viruses consist of a genome and a capsid; and some viruses are enveloped. Most virus capsids measure between 20-500 nm in diameter. Because of their nanometer size dimensions, viruses have been considered as naturally occurring nanoparticles. Virus nanoparticles have been subject to the nanoscience and nanoengineering disciplines. Viruses can be regarded as prefabricated nanoparticles. Many different viruses have been studies for various applications in nanotechnology: for example, mammalian viruses are being developed as vectors for gene delivery, and bacteriophages and plant viruses have been used in drug delivery and imaging applications as well as in vaccines and immunotherapy intervention. Plant viruses come in many shapes and sizes: for example, the plant virus Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) measures 300x18 nm in size; it forms a hollow rod. The plant virus Potato virus X (PVX) forms flexible filaments of 515x13 nm. The following viruses have an icosahedral symmetry and measure between 25-30 ...

A tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-based vector was utilized for expression of a cytosolic form of the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) protein glycoprotein D (gDc). Nicotiana benthamiana plants were harvested 7 days after inoculation with RNA transcripts derived from the TMV-gDc recombinant virus. Recombinant gDc protein of expected electrophoretic mobility accumulated in inoculated leaves to a concentration of about 20 μg/g of fresh leaf tissue. Oil-based vaccines were formulated with crude foliar extracts to immunize mice parentally. After a single injection, animals developed a sustained and specific response to both the isolated gD and native virus particles. Cattle vaccinated with the same gDc containing extracts developed specific humoral and cellular immune responses directed against both the viral gD and BHV-1 particles. Most importantly, animals vaccinated with the plant-produced gDc showed good levels of protection after challenge with the virulent BHV-1. Virus excretion was drastically reduced

FUNCTION: Modulates cell-to-cell trafficking. Has a positive role in innate immunity. Negative regulator of plasmodesmata permeability triggered by salicylic acid during immune responses, through regulation of callose deposition. Delays the trafficking of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) movement protein (MP). SUBUNIT: Interacts with Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) 2B-MP. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in inflorescence nodes and rosette senescent leaves. Mostly expressed in cell wall junctions between leaf epidermal and mesophyl cells, and to a lesser extent at the cross walls between epidermal or cortex cells within the hypocotyl (at protein level). Low vascular expression in seedling and mature leaf, but high expression in senescing leaves (at protein level). INDUCTION: By the Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola effector HopW1-1. By salicylic acid ...

Symptoms on plants infected with cucumoviruses can vary. Generally, plants appear lighter in color and are bushy and stunted. Close up symptoms include a mosaic (alternating light and dark green areas) on at least some leaves, especially on the younger leaves. Leaves may exhibit a shoestringlike appearance. Fruit production is greatly reduced. These symptoms can be confused with those caused by tobacco mosaic virus. ...

One of the worlds most destructive naturally-occuring scourges, the Tobacco mosaic virus (or TMV) could be used in a near future to boost the capacity of Lithium Ion batteries by 10 times and even power Flash memory.

This page contains a phase contrast photomicrograph of a tobacco leaf stained thin section that has been infected with Tobacco Mosaic Virus.

Viral assemblies have attracted substantial attention as templates for materials synthesis due to their precisely controlled dimensions, chemical functionalities and the ability to confer additional modalities through genetic modification. At the nanobiofabrication group of Tufts University, we exploit several unique properties of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) for facile synthesis of catalytically active palladium (Pd) nanoparticles and fabrication of high capacity biosensing platforms. In the nanocatalysis area, we have examined and demonstrated size-controlled synthesis, high thermal stability and the TMV templates fundamental role in the Pd nanoparticle formation via small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). We then employed two Pd-catalyzed model reactions, dichromate reduction for environmental cleanup and Suzuki coupling reaction for efficient chemical synthesis, in order to investigate the catalytic activity, stability, and reaction mechanisms. The results show that TMV-templated Pd nanoparticle ...

Plant viral vectors enable the expression of proteins at high levels in a relatively short time. For many purposes (e.g., cell biological interaction studies) it may be desirable to express more than one protein in a single cell but that is often not feasible when using a single virus vector. Such a co-expression strategy requires the simultaneous delivery by two compatible and non-competitive viruses that can co-exist to each express a separate protein. Here, we report on the use of two agro-launchable coat-protein gene substitution GFP-expressing virus vector systems based on Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) referred to as TG, and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) annotated as TRBO-G ...

Louis Pasteur was unable to find a causative agent for rabies and speculated about a pathogen too small to be detected using a microscope.[21] In 1884, the French microbiologist Charles Chamberland invented a filter (known today as the Chamberland filter or the Pasteur-Chamberland filter) with pores smaller than bacteria. Thus, he could pass a solution containing bacteria through the filter and completely remove them.[22] In 1892, the Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky used this filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus. His experiments showed that crushed leaf extracts from infected tobacco plants remain infectious after filtration. Ivanovsky suggested the infection might be caused by a toxin produced by bacteria, but did not pursue the idea.[23] At the time it was thought that all infectious agents could be retained by filters and grown on a nutrient medium-this was part of the germ theory of disease.[2] In 1898, the Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck repeated the ...

Tomato Country Taste (Lycopersicon esculentum) is a variety that produces very large (approx. 200 g) fruit with an extremely tasty and juicy taste. The shape of tomato is slightly ribbed, and the skin intensely red. Fruits are firm and hard, even when ripe, they cut well and are stable in taste. It is a hybrid hybrid variety F1 producing homogeneous fruit with exceptional taste qualities. The Country Taste tomato variety is resistant to diseases and viruses, including tobacco mosaic virus, vericillosis and fusariosis.. The Country Taste tomato requires a good warm and fertile soil rich in nutrients. The land must be permeable and well aerated. Like any tomato, it requires a sunny, warm and windless place. Cultivated only from seedling.. Sowing: February - April - seedling; plant in permanent place in the second half of May, after the last frosts. Germination: soil temperature: 20-25oC, 18-14 days. Intervals in a row: 60 cm. Row spacing: 80 cm. Harvest: July - October. Application: raw, for ...

Although we have what seems like a long growing season here in the Valley of the Sun, the truth is that tomatoes wont produce well in the summer heat. So, timing is everything in terms of growing them. We suggest planting tomatoes in February for harvest in May or planting in late September for harvest in December. Larger types of tomatoes require more time for ripening, so its best to plant the small and medium-sized varieties in our desert gardens. Look for tomatoes labeled for 60- to 70-day maturity. Successful varieties include: Yellow Pear, Cherry, Sweet 100, Earlypak, Earlygirl, Small Fry, Patio, Champion, Earliana, and Sunripe. When looking for resistant varieties, the letters VNFT indicate a plants resistance to Verticillium Wilt (V), Nematodes (N), Fusarium Wilt (F), and Tobacco Mosaic Virus (F). Im afraid the large beefsteak type tomatoes just arent very successful here in the desert. Wish I had better news for you ...

Decoupling and Elucidation of Surface-driven Processes during Inorganic Mineralization on Virus Templates, O. Adigun, G. Novikova; E. L Retzlaff-Roberts; B.S. Kim; J. T Miller, L.S. Loesch-Fries, and M. T. Harris, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (Accepted for publication July 2016).. The Importance of Gravity in Droplet Evaporation: A comparison of Pendant and Sessile Drop Evaporation with Particles, N. Devlin, K. Loehr, and M. T. Harris, AIChE J., 62(3), 947-955 (2016).. Mechanistic Study of the Hydrothermal Reduction of Palladium on the Tobacco Mosaic Virus, O. Adigun, A. S. Freer, J. T. Miller, B. Kim, L. S Loescsh-Fries, and M. T. Harris, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 450, 1-6 (2015).. A Novel Method to Determine the Resistance of Biotemplated Nanowires, A. Freer, C. Gilpin, L. Mueller and M. T. Harris, Chemical Engineering Communications, 202 (9), DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2014.912637 (2015).. A Novel Microwave Sensor for Real-Time Online Monitoring of Roll Compacts ...

75 DaysA long-time favorite reintroduced after years of being unavailable! One of the best open-pollinated varieties. Large, blocky 4-lobed, sweet-flavored fruits have thick green walls that ripen to red. Great for stuffing and freezing. Widely adapted and Tobacco Mosaic Virus tolerant. Sturdy, 30 plants have a dense leaf canopy that protects high yields.

A method was developed for the purpose of determining the size and shape of anisometric colloidal particles and flexible macromolecules. The experimental technique used for this determination is the measurement of the change in the intensity of the light scattered by anisometric colloidal particles (or macromolecules) when oriented (or deformed) by a velocity gradient. Improvements in the system will extend the present range of measurements to rigid colloidal particles whose longest dimension is less than 300 mu and to high molecular weight polymers. The apparatus has been successfully tested with suspensions of tobacco mosaic virus and the experimental results have been compared with the theory of Okano and Wada (J. Chem. Phys., 34: 405, 1961) for thin rod-like particles. Preliminary observations made with flexible macromolecules indicate that the effect of deformability of high molecular weight polymers, subjected to a velocity gradient, is quite small under the conditions of this study, as predicted

Malaria Minute, 31 January 2020. Use of the tobacco mosaic virus platform to administer malaria antigens induces high and durable efficacy in macaques and individuals with an African-centric genetic variation may have an improved response to malaria.. Listen to this Podcast. ...

Viral Diseases TFC, P.346, Blacks 2nd, p. 266- , Alcamo 323-, Campbell 6th: , Blacks 6th: 264-294, tbl: 270 DISCOVERY: Chamberland 1884 developed porcelain filter to remove bacteria Iwanowski 1892 used filter to try to remove tobacco mosaic disease, filterable virus Beijerinck 1898 showed could be diluted out, destroyed by heat Forsh & Loeffler 1898 foot and mouth disease caused…

Our stone mosaics, glass mosaics, ceramic mosaics, wood mosaics, steel mosaics and custom mosaics have been designed using constant feedback from clients. Our development team is also capable of customizing any image of your choice into the perfect feature wall with the customizable mosaics.

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Art is about the notion of artifice but the nature of mosaics, like life, is to be fructured. Helen Miles Mosaics explores this intimate link.

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A mosaic workshop in Ravenna Luciana Notturnis Officina del Mosaico in Ravenna has operated for many years in the mosaic field, both locally and internationally. The activities carried

Hey there not sure if anyone knows much about Gonadal Mosaic but thats what the geneticist told me I have meaning that some of my eggs have the mutation and s…

Hey there not sure if anyone knows much about Gonadal Mosaic but thats what the geneticist told me I have meaning that some of my eggs have the mutation and s…

As an eight year old I received a mosaic kit for making an art piece of plastic tiles and an additional kit using beads to sew with each other. The... Read more »

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Management to Host Conference Call Today at 4:30 p.m. ET CAMBRIDGE, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc...

Management to Host Conference Call Today at 4:30 p.m. ET CAMBRIDGE, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc...