TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of scaffold architecture on mechanical characteristics and osteoblast response to static and perfusion bioreactor cultures. AU - Bartnikowski, Michal. AU - Klein, Travis J.. AU - Melchels, Ferry P. W.. AU - Woodruff, Maria A.. PY - 2014/7. Y1 - 2014/7. N2 - Tissue engineering focuses on the repair and regeneration of tissues through the use of biodegradable scaffold systems that structurally support regions of injury while recruiting and/or stimulating cell populations to rebuild the target tissue. Within bone tissue engineering, the effects of scaffold architecture on cellular response have not been conclusively characterized in a controlled-density environment. We present a theoretical and practical assessment of the effects of polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold architectural modifications on mechanical and flow characteristics as well as MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cellular response in an in vitro static plate and custom-designed perfusion bioreactor model. Four scaffold ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Simultaneous electrospin-electrosprayed biocomposite nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. AU - Francis, Lijo. AU - Venugopal, J.. AU - Prabhakaran, Molamma P.. AU - Thavasi, V.. AU - Marsano, E.. AU - Ramakrishna, S.. PY - 2010/10. Y1 - 2010/10. N2 - Currently, the application of nanotechnology in bone tissue regeneration is a challenge for the fabrication of novel bioartificial bone grafts. These nanostructures are capable of mimicking natural extracellular matrix with effective mineralization for successful regeneration of damaged tissues. The simultaneous electrospraying of nanohydroxyapatite (HA) on electrospun polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds might be more promising for bone tissue regeneration. In the current study, nanofibrous scaffolds of gelatin (Gel), Gel/HA (4:1 blend), Gel/HA (2:1 blend) and Gel/HA (electrospin-electrospray) were fabricated for this purpose. The morphology, chemical and mechanical stability of nanofibres were evaluated by means of field ...

Surface properties of scaffolds such as hydrophilicity and the presence of functional groups on the surface of scaffolds play a key role in cell adhesion, proliferation and migration. Different modification methods for hydrophilicity improvement and introduction of functional groups on the surface of scaffolds have been carried out on synthetic biodegradable polymers, for tissue engineering applications. In this study, alkaline hydrolysis of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibrous scaffolds was carried out for different time periods (1 h, 4 h and 12 h) to increase the hydrophilicity of the scaffolds. The formation of reactive groups resulting from alkaline hydrolysis provides opportunities for further surface functionalization of PCL nanofibrous scaffolds. Matrigel was attached covalently on the surface of an optimized 4 h hydrolyzed PCL nanofibrous scaffolds and additionally the fabrication of blended PCL/matrigel nanofibrous scaffolds was carried out. Chemical and mechanical characterization ...

3D bioprinting techniques have been attracting attention for tissue scaffold fabrication in nerve tissue engineering applications. However, due to the inherent complexity of nerve tissues, bioprinting scaffolds that can appropriately promote the regeneration of damaged tissues is still challenging. This paper presents our study on bioprinting Schwann cell-laden scaffolds from low-viscosity hydrogel compositions including RGD modified alginate, hyaluronic acid and fibrin, with a focus on investigating the printability of hydrogel compositions and characterizing the functions of printed scaffolds for potential use in nerve tissue regeneration. We assessed the rheological properties of hydrogel precursors via temperature, time and shear rate sweeps, and then designed/determined the bioprinting process parameters including printing pressure and needle type/size. Bioprinting with a submerged crosslinking method was applied for scaffold fabrication, where the key was to rigorously regulate the ...

One of the major applications of tissue-engineered skin substitutes for wound healing is to promote the healing of cutaneous wounds. In this respect, many important clinical milestones have been reached in the past decades. However, currently available skin substitutes for wound healing often suffer from a range of problems including wound contraction, scar formation, and poor integration with host tissue. Engineering skin substitutes by tissue engineering approach has relied upon the creation of three-dimensional scaffolds as extracellular matrix (ECM) analog to guide cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation to form skin-functional and structural tissue. The three-dimensional scaffolds can not only cover wound and give a physical barrier against external infection as wound dressing, but also can provide support both for dermal fibroblasts and the overlying keratinocytes for skin tissue engineering. A successful tissue scaffold should exhibit appropriate physical and mechanical characteristics ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Improvement of osteoblast functions by sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) from heparin-coated chitosan scaffold. AU - Yun, Young Pil. AU - Lee, Su Young. AU - Kim, Hak Jun. AU - Song, Jae-Jun. AU - Kim, Sung Eun. PY - 2013/1/1. Y1 - 2013/1/1. N2 - The aim of this study was to investigate the improvement in osteoblast functions by using bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) immobilized heparin-coated chitosan scaffolds and comparing it with that using chitosan scaffold or BMP-2/chitosan scaffold in vitro. BMP-2 was released from the heparin-coated chitosan scaffold in a sustained manner compared to that released from the chitosan scaffold. The osteoblast functions of MG-63 cells grown on the chitosan scaffold, the BMP-2/chitosan scaffold, the BMP-2/Hep/chitosan scaffold were investigated by assessing cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, and gene expression. The results of the in vitro studies demonstrated that MG-63 ...

Biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications free online course video tutorial by IISc Bangalore.You can download the course for FREE !

Background. The ADSCs, have the capacity for renewal and the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages of mesenchymal tissues. These cells are capable of forming bone when implanted in an appropriate scaffold. Aims. We evaluate the effect of reconstructing bone defect by using degradable porous scaffolds seeded with ADSCs and compare the suitability of different biomaterial porous scaffolds; Hydroxyapatite/beta-Tricalcium Phosphate, Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate, Calcium Meta phosphate , Collagen-coated CMP.. Methods. ADSCs were obtained 24 adult Beagles undergoing lipectomy. The cells were isolated, cultured, labeled and seeded in vitro. The experimental group received ADSCs scaffolds and the control group received the acellular scaffolds into femoral defects, respectively. The bone blocks were retrieved at 4, 8, 12 weeks after the surgery for radiographic, biochemistry, histomorphologic analysis.. Results. Histological analysis revealed that implants loaded with autologous ADSCs, had ...

Description: Nanostructured Bioactive Glasses for Hard Tissue Regeneration and Tissue Engineering. Amorphous bioactive materials as tissue engineering scaffolds can regenerate hard tissues using the natural repair mechanisms of the body. This presentation will highlight underlying investigations on nanostructured bioactive glasses in vitro and in vivo.. 3D scaffolds for craniofacial tissue engineering Large bony defects present special challenges in craniofacial surgeries. Two strategies in using 3D fabricated scaffolds to enhance bone regeneration in the craniofacial area will be discussed. Biologically Active Nanostructured Membranes for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration. Exogenous growth factors, bone grafting materials and cell-based approaches have contributed to the advancement of periodontal tissue regeneration. This presentation will address electrospinning-based strategies that are currently being used.. Injectable scaffolds for dental pulp tissue engineering. The development of scaffolds ...

Polycaprolactone (PCL) has been regarded as a promising synthetic material for bone tissue engineering application. Owing to its unique biochemical properties and great compatibility, PCL fibers have come to be explored as a potential delivering scaffold for stem cells to support bone regeneration during clinical application. The human derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were obtained from umbilical cord (UC), bone marrow (BM), and adipose tissue (AD), respectively. The osteogenic differentiation potency of various human MSCs on this novel synthetic biomaterial was also investigated in vitro. Here, we illustrated that those human UC-, BM-, and AD-derived MSCs exhibited fibroblast-like morphology and expressed characteristic markers. Impressively, PCL nanofiber scaffold could support those MSC adhesion and proliferation. Long-term culture on PCL nanofiber scaffold maintained the viability as well as accelerated the proliferation of those three different kinds of human MSCs. More importantly, the

Bone is the second most transplanted tissue in the body, with approximately 2.2 million bone graft procedures performed annually worldwide. Currently, autogenous bone is the gold standard for bone grafting due to its ability to achieve functional healing; however, it is limited in supply and results in secondary injury at the donor site. Tissue engineering has emerged as a promising means for the development of new bone graft substitutes in order to overcome the limitations of the current grafts. In this research project, the specific approach for bone tissue engineering involves seeding osteoprogenitor cells within a biomaterial scaffold then culturing this construct in a biodynamic bioreactor. The bioreactor imparts osteoinductive mechanical stimuli on the cells to stimulate the synthesis of an extracellular matrix rich in osteogenic and angiogenic factors that are envisioned to guide bone healing in vivo. Fluid flow, which exerts a hydrodynamic shear stress on adherent cells, has been ...

In recent years, significant success has been made in the field of regenerative medicine. Tissue engineering scaffolds have been developed to repair and replace different types of tissues. The overall goal of the current work was to develop scaffolds of native extracellular matrix components for soft tissue regeneration, more specifically, neural tissue engineering. To date, much research has been focused on developing a nerve guidance scaffold for its ability to fill and heal the gap between the damaged nerve ends. Such scaffolds are marked by several intrinsic properties including: (1) a biodegradable scaffold or conduit, consisting of native ECM components, with controlled internal microarchitecture; (2) support cells (such as Schwann cells) embedded in a soft support matrix; and (3) sustained release of bioactive factors. In the current dissertation, we have developed such scaffolds of native biomaterials including hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen. HA is a nonsulphated, unbranched, ...

Background: Total meniscectomy leads to knee osteoarthritis in the long term. The poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold is a promising material for meniscal tissue regeneration, but cell-free scaffolds result in relatively poor tissue regeneration and lead to joint degeneration. Hypothesis: A novel, 3-dimensional (3D)-printed PCL scaffold augmented with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) would offer benefits in meniscal regeneration and cartilage protection. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: PCL meniscal scaffolds were 3D printed and seeded with bone marrow-derived MSCs. Seventy-two New Zealand White rabbits were included and were divided into 4 groups: cell-seeded scaffold, cell-free scaffold, sham operation, and total meniscectomy alone. The regeneration of the implanted tissue and the degeneration of articular cartilage were assessed by gross and microscopic (histological and scanning electron microscope) analysis at 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively. The mechanical properties of

Surgical repairs of rotator cuff tears have high re-tear rates and many scaffolds have been developed to augment the repair. Understanding the interaction between patients cells and scaffolds is important for improving scaffold performance and tendon healing. In this in vitro study, we investigated the response of patient-derived tenocytes to eight different scaffolds. Tested scaffolds included X-Repair, Poly-Tape, LARS Ligament, BioFiber (synthetic scaffolds), BioFiber-CM (biosynthetic scaffold), GraftJacket, Permacol, and Conexa (biological scaffolds). Cell attachment, proliferation, gene expression, and morphology were assessed. After one day, more cells attached to synthetic scaffolds with dense, fine and aligned fibres (X-Repair and Poly-Tape). Despite low initial cell attachment, the human dermal scaffold (GraftJacket) promoted the greatest proliferation of cells over 13 days. Expression of collagen types I and III were upregulated in cells grown on non-cross-linked porcine dermis (Conexa).

Surgical repairs of rotator cuff tears have high re-tear rates and many scaffolds have been developed to augment the repair. Understanding the interaction between patients cells and scaffolds is important for improving scaffold performance and tendon healing. In this in vitro study, we investigated the response of patient-derived tenocytes to eight different scaffolds. Tested scaffolds included X-Repair, Poly-Tape, LARS Ligament, BioFiber (synthetic scaffolds), BioFiber-CM (biosynthetic scaffold), GraftJacket, Permacol, and Conexa (biological scaffolds). Cell attachment, proliferation, gene expression, and morphology were assessed. After one day, more cells attached to synthetic scaffolds with dense, fine and aligned fibres (X-Repair and Poly-Tape). Despite low initial cell attachment, the human dermal scaffold (GraftJacket) promoted the greatest proliferation of cells over 13 days. Expression of collagen types I and III were upregulated in cells grown on non-cross-linked porcine dermis (Conexa).

Surgical repairs of rotator cuff tears have high re-tear rates and many scaffolds have been developed to augment the repair. Understanding the interaction between patients cells and scaffolds is important for improving scaffold performance and tendon healing. In this in vitro study, we investigated the response of patient-derived tenocytes to eight different scaffolds. Tested scaffolds included X-Repair, Poly-Tape, LARS Ligament, BioFiber (synthetic scaffolds), BioFiber-CM (biosynthetic scaffold), GraftJacket, Permacol, and Conexa (biological scaffolds). Cell attachment, proliferation, gene expression, and morphology were assessed. After one day, more cells attached to synthetic scaffolds with dense, fine and aligned fibres (X-Repair and Poly-Tape). Despite low initial cell attachment, the human dermal scaffold (GraftJacket) promoted the greatest proliferation of cells over 13 days. Expression of collagen types I and III were upregulated in cells grown on non-cross-linked porcine dermis (Conexa).

There has been a considerable growth and development in electrospun nanofibers for research activity, as well as commercial fabrication over the past couple of decades. These continuous nanofibers are solution driven exclusively by an electric field. Numerous studies on electrospun fibrous scaffolds have demonstrated sufficient mechanical properties and support of cell growth for tissue engineering. Despite these substantial achievements, there is still an Edisonian-type procedure to acquire the desired scaffold orientation and mechanical response that mimics the native tissue behavior. In this study, the electrospun scaffolds are fabricated with different fiber orientation -i.e. aligned and patterned (0/90) - by modifying the electrospinning process, specifically electric field and target, over large areas and lengths (30 mm x 30 mm). Mechanical behavior of controlled scaffold parameters at nanoscale, e.g., fiber orientation, and porosity, is investigated for an effective tissue replacement. In

Introducing porosity in electrospun scaffolds is critical to improve cell penetration and nutrient diffusion for tissue engineering. Nanofibrous cellulose scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning cellulose acetate (CA) followed by saponification to regenerate cellulose. Using a computer-assisted design approach, scaffolds underwent laser ablation resulting in pores with diameters between 50 and 300 mu m. without damaging or modifying the surrounding scaffold area. A new mineralization method was employed in conjunction with microablation using commercial phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to soak carboxymethylcellulose surface-modified electrospun scaffolds. The resulting crystals within the scaffold on the interior of the pore had a calcium to phosphate ratio of 1.56, similar to hydroxyapatite. It was observed that porosity of the cellulose scaffolds enhanced osteoblast cell attachment at the edge of the pores, while mineralization enhanced overall cell density.

We have previously reported on the use of Bay K8644-release strategies in combination with perfusion-compression bioreactor systems for up regulating bone formation in three-dimensional PLLA scaffolds. Here we report on the analysis of Bay activity following its release from our PLLA scaffolds over the culture period imposed in our tissue engineering protocol using UV spectroscopy in combination with whole cell patch clamping techniques. Bay was released continually from scaffolds within the physiological range required for agonist activity (1-10 microM). Patch clamping allowed for the effects of Bay released from scaffolds to be monitored directly with respect to osteoblast electrophysiology. A characteristic shift in the current-voltage (I-V) relationship of L-type VOCC currents was observed in rat osteoblast sarcoma (ROS) cells patched in a solution with Bay released from scaffolds following 14 and 28 days incubation, with statistically significant differences observed in peak currents compared to

Polyurethane scaffolds (PUs) have a good biocompatibility but lack cell recognition sites. In this study, we functionalized the surface of a PU, P(D/L)LA and PCL (50:50) containing urethane segments, with heparin. The first step in this functionalization, aminolysis, lead to free amine groups on the surface of the PU. Free amine content was determined to be 6.4 nmol/mL/mg scaffold, a significant increase of 230%. Subsequently, heparin was crosslinked. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of heparin homogeneous throughout the 3D porous scaffold. Youngs modulus decreased significantly till 50% of the native stiffness after aminolysis and did not change after heparin crosslinking. Contact angle on PU films significantly decreased from 82.7 degrees to 64.3 degrees after heparin crosslinking, indicating a more hydrophilic surface. This functionalization beholds great potential for tissue engineering purposes. When used in a load-bearing environment, caution is necessary due to reduction in ...

Synthetic implants are being used to restore injured or damaged tissues following cancer resection and congenital diseases. However, the survival of large tissue implant replacements depends on their ability to support angiogenesis that if limited, causes extrusion and infection of the implant. This study assessed the beneficial effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on synthetic biomaterials in combination with argon plasma surface modification to enhance vascularisation of tissue-engineered constructs. Non-biodegradable polyurethane scaffolds were manufactured and modified with plasma surface modification using argon gas (PM). Donor rats were then used to extract ADSCs and PRP to modify the scaffolds further. Scaffolds with and without PM were modified with and without ADSCs and PRP and subcutaneously implanted in the dorsum of rats for 3 months. After 12 weeks, the scaffolds were excised and the degree of tissue integration using H&E staining and Massons

TY - JOUR. T1 - Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) on the microstructure gradient of biomimetic nanofiber scaffolds fabricated by cone electrospinning. AU - Wang, Min. AU - Zhou, Yingge. AU - Tan, George Z.. PY - 2019/8. Y1 - 2019/8. N2 - Biomimetic scaffolds for tissue engineering should exhibit structural complexity close to native tissues, which typically have non-homogenous nanostructures. This study presents a novel electrospinning process using a cone-shape rotating collector to fabricate polymer nanofiber scaffold with continuous gradient microstructures. The effects of rotation speed (RS) and tip-to-axis distance (TAD) on microstructure gradients were investigated through multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), a generalization of univariate ANOVA that allows the researchers to analyze more than one dependent variable in designed experiments. The covariation against multivariate null hypotheses relative to error covariation was visualized through an ellipsoid plot. We found ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Electrically Stimulated Adipose Stem Cells on Polypyrrole-Coated Scaffolds for Smooth Muscle Tissue Engineering. AU - Björninen, Miina. AU - Gilmore, Kerry. AU - Pelto, Jani. AU - Seppänen-Kaijansinkko, Riitta. AU - Kellomäki, Minna. AU - Miettinen, Susanna. AU - Wallace, Gordon. AU - Grijpma, Dirk. AU - Haimi, Suvi. N1 - EXT=Pelto, Jani. PY - 2016/11/14. Y1 - 2016/11/14. N2 - We investigated the use of polypyrrole (PPy)-coated polymer scaffolds and electrical stimulation (ES) to differentiate adipose stem cells (ASCs) towards smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Since tissue engineering lacks robust and reusable 3D ES devices we developed a device that can deliver ES in a reliable, repeatable, and cost-efficient way in a 3D environment. Long pulse (1 ms) or short pulse (0.25 ms) biphasic electric current at a frequency of 10 Hz was applied to ASCs to study the effects of ES on ASC viability and differentiation towards SMCs on the PPy-coated scaffolds. PPy-coated scaffolds promoted ...

Tissue engineering is a new concept emerged as an alternative approach to tissue and organ reconstruction. It differs from organ transplantation by regenerating patients own tissue and organs avoiding the biocompatibility and low biofunctionality problems as well as severe immune rejection; which are the main problems of organ transplantation. In tissue engineering approach developed in 3Bs Research Group, the scaffold performs a critical role. The architecture of the tissue engineered scaffold is an important factor to take into consideration that can modulate biological response and the clinical success of the scaffold. Despite the periodical and completely interconnected pore network that characterizes rapid prototyped (RP) scaffolds, cell seeding efficiency still remains a critical factor for optimal tissue engineering applications. Hierarchical fibrous scaffolds, obtained by the combination of RP micro- and electrospun nano-motifs, have been considered a solution to overcome this drawback. ...

Cardiac tissue engineering is an emerging field that may hold great promise for advancing the treatment of heart diseases. Cardiac tissue engineering is in its infancy, and the overall field of tissue engineering, which was formalized in the late 1980s at conferences and workshops sponsored by the National Science Foundation, is still new enough to warrant some description. By broad definition, tissue engineering involves the construction of tissue equivalents through the manipulation and combination of living cells and biomaterials. It is a multidisciplinary field combining diverse aspects of the life sciences, engineering, and clinical medicine. The overall goal of tissue engineering is to develop tissue equivalents for use in the repair, replacement, maintenance, or augmentation of tissues or organs. Although some aspects of cardiac tissue engineering research have been ongoing for generations, albeit without being known as such, directed efforts in the field are only beginning.. The main ...

Greengate is the medieval heart of the city of Salford and lies on the Salford - Manchester border. Greengate has been a key investment focus of the council for a number of years now, with a vision to create a new corporate centre for Salford.. There are still a number of key opportunities for further development within the area and Salford City Council therefore commissioned Urban Vision (planning consultants), and Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios, (architects and masterplanners) to update the regeneration strategy during 2017. We have now reached a stage where we wish to consult on the new draft regeneration strategy (at the bottom of the page).. We are undertaking an eight week consultation on the draft regeneration strategy starting on 27 November 2017.. As part of the consultation, we will be holding a drop-in session on the 13 December 2017 at Block 12, Spectrum, Blackfriars Road, Salford between 1pm and 7pm (access from Blackfriars Road). This will be an opportunity to meet officers from ...

Scaffolds for bone tissue engineering lack often control of cellular instructions. We propose a triple sequential approach for customizing scaffold features from the macro to the nanoscale. The nano/meso-scale is composed by human platelet lysate and marine-origin polysaccharides assembled by layer-by-layer and shaped into fibrils by freeze-drying. We show that osteogenic induction of stem cells is tunable within a low range of layers. This approach has the potential to develop new scaffolds with enhanced cell-instructive capabilities using affordable autologous sources of bioactive molecules ...

If you have a question about this talk, please contact Anna Walczyk.. Fracture toughness has occasionally been neglected in the development of tissue engineering scaffolds. In fact, almost all recent corneal scaffolds developments aim to achieve transparent scaffolds with the tensile strength and elastic modulus closely-matched to those of native cornea despite the fact that cornea is normally subjected to below-ultimate-strength cyclic tensile loadings due to intraocular pressure, ocular muscle contractions and eye blink. Similarly to other soft collagenous tissues, toughening mechanisms in cornea are not well understood, but the lamellar structure of orthogonally aligned collagen fibrils in corneal stroma is thought to account for its toughness. To examine this, transparent laminates of gelatin nanofibers in alginate gel, mimicking the corneal lamellar structure, were created in a three-step process. First, stacks of orthogonally aligned gelatin nanofibers were created by electrospinning ...

THESIS 8757 Tissue engineering (or regenerative medicine) is defined as the application of scientific principles to the synthesis of living tissues using bioreactors, cells, scaffolds, growth factors, or a combination (Rose and Oreffo, 2002). One of the principal methods in tissue engineering involves the use of a porous scaffold to support and guide synthesis of a 3D tissue or organ (Sachlos and Czernuszka, 2003). Collagen-Glycosaminoglycan scaffolds have found success in several clinical applications of tissue engineering (Yannas et al., 1989, Chamberlain et al., 1998). ...

Bone related diseases and disorders are a significant socioeconomic burden in the United States. Autografts and allografts are most commonly used for the treatment of bone defects and non-unions; however, they are associated with limitations such as donor site morbidity and immune rejection, respectively. Over the past few decades, bone tissue engineering (BTE) using scaffold and cells has garnered significant interest as an alternative method for the repair and regeneration of bone defects. Recreation of the tissue microenvironment via the development of biomimetic scaffolds that resemble the physicochemical aspects (i.e., composition, topography, stiffness) of native bone is a promising approach that has been previously shown to improve scaffold properties and augment cellular response. In this realm, collagen type I and bioactive glass (Bioglass 45S5 (BG); an osteostimulative glass-ceramic) have been combined in numerous studies to generate hybrid scaffolds that mimic the organic and ...

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The results obtained in the present study with murine immune cell subpopulations support the biocompatibility of the MGHA material and suggest an adequate host tissue response to their scaffolds upon their implantation. The interaction of new nanocomposite mesoporous glass/hydroxyapatite (MGHA) scaffolds with immune cells involved in both innate and acquired immunity has been studied in vitro as an essential aspect of their biocompatibility assessment. Since the immune response can be affected by the degradation products of bioresorbable scaffolds and scaffold surface changes, both processes have been evaluated. No alterations in proliferation and viability of RAW-264.7 macrophage-like cells were detected after culture on MGHA scaffolds which did not induce cell apoptosis. However, a slight cell size decrease and an intracellular calcium content increase were observed after contact of this cell line with MGHA scaffolds or their extracts. Although no changes in the percentages of RAW cells with low and

The iaxsys™ is a unique in vitro mechanobiology actuator that is compatible with established cell culture methods, consumables and incubators.. This versatile bioreactor platform facilitates near-physiologic strain of 2D membranes and scaffolds, thick 3D scaffolds (variotis™), ex vivo tissues, and soft tissue implants (eg bovine pericardium xenograft heart valve materials) within standard cell culture plates and flasks.. Quasi-static strain or cyclic strain can be applied uniformly to 6 samples simultaneously within a 6 well cell plate with a specified rate and number of cycles. Depending on the configuration, tensile or compression stresses are imparted.. When the iaxsys™ is used to actuate variotis™ scaffolds for mechanobiology studies in standard 6 well cell culture plates, the quality of RNA sampled is of a very high level. Unlike biologically derived gels and scaffolds, the fully synthetic variotis™ with b-glass™ avoids any contamination. The use of standard cell well plates ...

Scar formation after repair of the cleft palate leads to growth impairment of the upper jaw and midface. The implantation of a suitable scaffold during surgery may reduce this adverse effect. However, little is known about tissue reactions to scaffolds implanted in the oral cavity. Our goal was to analyze the tissue reactions to cross-linked type I collagen scaffolds after submucoperiosteal implantation in the palate of rats. Collagen type I scaffolds were implanted in the palate of 25 male Wistar rats. Groups of 5 rats were killed consecutively after 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks and were processed for histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. After 1 and 2 weeks, 3 rats from the sham group were also killed. On hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, the cell density and the number of giant cells were determined. Blood vessels, inflammation, and the presence of myofibroblasts were detected by immunohistochemistry. An influx of inflammatory cells started after 1 week but had completely subsided ...

Fat grafting is emerging as a promising alternative to silicon implants in breast reconstruction surgery. Unfortunately, this approach does not provide a proper mechanical support and is affected by drawbacks such as tissue resorption and donor site morbidity. Synthetic scaffolds can offer a valuable alternative to address these challenges, but poorly recapitulate the biochemical stimuli needed for tissue regeneration. Here, we aim at combining the positive features of a structural, synthetic polymer to an engineered, devitalized extracellular matrix (ECM) to generate a hybrid construct that can provide a mix of structural and biological stimuli needed for adipose tissue regeneration. A RGD-mimetic synthetic scaffold OPAAF, designed for soft tissue engineering, was decorated with ECM deposited by human adipose stromal cells (hASCs). The adipoinductive potential of the hybrid ECM-OPAAF construct was validated in vitro, by culture with hASC in a perfusion bioreactor system, and in vivo, by ...

The present thesis was focused on the design and development of novel porous bioactive ceramic materials and scaffolds addressed to the regeneration of large and load-bearing bone defects. This research was carried out to meet the increasing demand for bioactive scaffolds enabling bone regeneration, due to the several drawbacks affecting the use of autologous bone, especially for large bone reconstruction. Nowadays, it is well established that effective tissue regeneration requires the implantation of scaffolds exhibiting tissue-mimicking compositional, morphological and mechanical features to promote the formation and maturation of new healthy tissue. In this context, my work was organized in three research topics on the basis of specific clinical requirements, thus leading to the development of different types of bioceramic scaffolds based on calcium phosphates, particularly: i) macroporous implants for cranio-maxillofacial defects obtained by direct foaming of ceramic suspensions, ii) 3D ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Proliferation of genetically modified human cells on electrospun nanofiber scaffolds. AU - Borjigin, Mandula. AU - Strouse, Bryan. AU - Niamat, Rohina A.. AU - Bialk, Pawel. AU - Eskridge, Chris. AU - Xie, Jingwei. AU - Kmiec, Eric B.. PY - 2012. Y1 - 2012. N2 - Gene editing is a process by which single base mutations can be corrected, in the context of the chromosome, using single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs). The survival and proliferation of the corrected cells bearing modified genes, however, are impeded by a phenomenon known as reduced proliferation phenotype (RPP); this is a barrier to practical implementation. To overcome the RPP problem, we utilized nanofiber scaffolds as templates on which modified cells were allowed to recover, grow, and expand after gene editing. Here, we present evidence that some HCT116-19, bearing an integrated, mutated enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene and corrected by gene editing, proliferate on polylysine or ...

Abstract Chitosan-based porous scaffolds are of great interest in biomedical applications especially in tissue engineering because of their excellent biocompatibility in vivo, good texture, surface contact, controllable degradation rate and tailorable mechanical properties. These days biomaterials scaffolds have contributed as an alternative choice of therapy mainly due to the increase failure rates in autografts and allografts techniques. Terbinafine HCl is allylamines group of drugs which is used topically to treat dermatophyte group of fungi like ringworm. Chitosan possesses both anti-bacterial and antifungal property which synergises with Terbinafine HCl (TBH) for both prophylactic and therapeutic actions in treating fungal wound infection (FWI). The haemostatic property of chitosan allows sorption of plasma, erythrocyte coagulation and platelets activation. These properties contribute additional role in repairing debilitated tissue. The prolong drug release property of fabricated scaffold ...

The tissue engineering strategy proposed in this work regards the development of a novel autologous scaffold based on platelet lysates (PLs) with the ultimate goal of promoting the regeneration of an orthopaedic osteochondral interface. PLs are a high concentration of platelets in a small volume of plasma that, when activated, release several growth factors (GFs). Most of current PLs-based hydrogels present several limitations, specifically the lack of stability, the constant shrinking in culture and the need of activation with animal-derived thrombin. This study represents a major breakthrough as it demonstrates that a stable scaffold can be prepared only from PLs, thus acting simultaneously as a template for cell colonization and as multiple GF release system. The PL scaffolds, crosslinked with genipin were prepared by supercritical fluid assisted phase inversion at 100 bar and 40 °C. The morphological properties of the scaffolds were assessed and in vitro GF release profile was studied by ...

Recent work demonstrates that osteoprogenitor cell culture on nanofiber scaffolds can promote differentiation. This response may be driven by changes in cell morphology caused by the three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanofibers. We hypothesized that nanofiber effects on cell behavior may be mediated by changes in organelle structure and function. To test this hypothesis, human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) were cultured on poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers scaffolds and on PCL flat spuncoat films. After 1 day-culture, hBMSCs were stained for actin, nucleus, mitochondria, and peroxisomes, and then imaged using 3D confocal microscopy. Imaging revealed that the hBMSC cell body (actin) and peroxisomal volume were reduced during culture on nanofibers. In addition, the nucleus and peroxisomes occupied a larger fraction of cell volume during culture on nanofibers than on films, suggesting enhancement of the nuclear and peroxisomal functional capacity. Organelles adopted morphologies with greater 3D

Synthetic hydrogel scaffold is an effective vehicle for delivery of INFUSE (rhBMP2) to critical-sized calvaria bone defects in rats Journal Article ...

If youve been cleaning with disposable towels made of cotton or paper, its time to dispose of them permanently. Instead, harness the power of AMMEX Microfiber Towels.. Traditional materials like paper or cotton simply cant deliver the level of clean that comes with microfiber. Instead of merely spreading dirt particles around, microfiber lifts the particles into the cloth and carries them away from the surface, and does so with little or no detergent or cleaning solution.. AMMEX Microfiber Towels are made of 80% polyester and 20% polyamide (nylon) threads. These densely constructed fibers-one-sixteenth the size of a human hair, and more than 200,000 packed into every square inch-are woven to trap dust, dirt, and grime. The soft, non-abrasive material provides lint-free, streak-free cleaning and wont scratch or dull surfaces.. At 50 grams, these heavyweight, durable towels significantly outlast and outperform typical microfiber towels and hold much more liquid, up to seven times their weight. ...

Roofing works - worker on scaffold Stock Footage. csp13353806 - silhouette of worker on the scaffold against the blue sky. Affordable Royalty Free Stock Photography. Downloads for just $2.50, with thousands of images added daily. Subscriptions available for just $39.00. Our stock photo image search engine contains royalty free photos, vector clip art images, clipart illustrations.

This book addresses important biomaterials which are commonly used to fabricate scaffolds and it describes two major protocols employed in scaffold fabrication. Tissue engineering or regenerative medi

TY - JOUR. T1 - The influence of electrically conductive and non-conductive nanocomposite scaffolds on the maturation and excitability of engineered cardiac tissues. AU - Navaei, Ali. AU - Rahmani Eliato, Kiarash. AU - Ros, Robert. AU - Migrino, Raymond Q.. AU - Willis, Brigham C.. AU - Nikkhah, Mehdi. PY - 2019/2/1. Y1 - 2019/2/1. N2 - Utilization of electrically conductive nanomaterials for developing nanocomposite scaffolds has been at the center of attention for engineering functional cardiac tissues. The primary motive in the use of conductive nanomaterials has been to develop biomimetic scaffolds to recapitulate the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the native heart and to promote cardiac tissue maturity, excitability and electrical signal propagation. Alternatively, it is well accepted that the inclusion of nanomaterials also alters the stiffness and nano-scale topography of the scaffolds. However, what is missing in the literature is that to what extent the sole presence of nanomaterials ...

We demonstrated the scaffolds full biocompatibility in vitro and safety in vivo, and preliminary results on efficacy are extremely encouraging, De Lucrezia says. Thanks to five years of EU support, we were able to progress THE GRAIL project from a simple sketch on a paper to a working prototype, paving the way for the commercial exploitation of the results.. Three SME partners in THE GRAIL have set up a dedicated spin-off company that owns the intellectual property generated in the project and will engage with larger companies capable of supporting sales. The consortium has also sought to exploit by-products of the research, for instance, testing a new technique for peripheral vascular bypass surgery.. Meanwhile, expertise gained in the project has allowed Explora to offer advanced in-vivo models for safety and efficacy testing of advanced medical devices, making the company one of the leading SMEs in Europe in the field of advanced therapy medicinal product testing.. The project partners ...

Biomedical scaffolds are described that may be used, for example, for the treatment of bone diseases and bone reconstruction and restoration. The described scaffolds having ingress and habitiaion property for cells and growth factors with serum by capillary action via engineered micro-channles. Also, the scaffolds permit nutrient and ion flow such that bone regeneration in the area surrounding the scaffold is promoted. Kits that include such scaffolds and methods of preparing and using such scaffolds are also provided.

The present invention relates to biomimetic scaffolds, methods for making the same, and methods for using the same. The scaffolds comprise a plurality of graded or tapered microchannels that provide s

A polymer scaffold is provided comprising an extensively interconnected macroporous network. The polymer scaffold embodies macropores having a diameter in a range of 0.5-3.5 mm, and preferably in a range of about 1.0-2.0 mm. The polymer scaffold is prepared using a novel process which advantageously combines the techniques of particulate leaching and phase inversion to render a process that provides amplified means by which to control the morphology of the resulting polymer scaffold. The polymer scaffold has utility in the area of tissue engineering, particularly as a scaffold for both in vitro and in vivo cell growth. The polymer scaffold may be produced using pure polymer or alternatively a composite material may be formed consisting of a macroporous polymer scaffold and osteoclast-resorbable calcium phosphate particles with a binding agent binding the calcium phosphate particles to the polymer scaffold.

Macroporous hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications: Physicochemical characterization and assessment of rat bone marrow stromal cells ...

Scaffold-based tissue engineering requires for transplanted or host cells a biodegradable matrix, which provides a specific environment for tissue development. Efficiency of tissue regeneration through cell implantation in scaffolds depends mainly on the architecture of the scaffold and on the properties of the biomaterial used for their fabrication. The scaffold architecture is characterized by the pore shape and size, size distribution, pore interconnectivity and throat size. Among the polymers selected for tissue engineering, polyurethanes (PUR) represent a very important group. By varying the molecular weight of polyol and the composition of the hard segments, properties of PUR can be tuned for use in tissue engineering, either for reconstruction of soft tissue or for cartilage and bone regeneration. The objective of this study was to characterize polyurethane porous scaffolds fabricated by the salt-leaching/polymer coagulation method. The effect of solution concentration and salt particles ...

Biomaterials †Khademhosseini Laboratory. The Journal mainly promotes the novel emerging Biomaterial applications to Medical Sciences like Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering Biomaterials Applications,, Buy Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications from Dymocks online BookStore. Find latest reader reviews and much more at Dymocks. Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering MSc UCL Mechanical Engineering. Application and next steps. Applications. Students are advised Application fee: Biomaterials and scaffolds for tissue engineering OBrien F. Biomaterials and scaffolds for tissue the art of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.. With advancements in biological and engineering sciences, the definition of an ideal biomaterial has evolved over the past 50 years from a substance that is inert to Enhancing cell penetration and proliferation in chitosan hydrogels for tissue engineering applications Chengdong Jia, Ali Khademhosseinib,c,d, Fariba Dehghania,*. Interdisciplinary research into ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Using Gelatin Scaffold With Coated Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor as a Transfer System for Transplantation of Human Neural Stem Cells. AU - Chen, Y. W.. AU - Chiou, S. H.. AU - Wong, Tai-Tong. AU - Ku, H. H.. AU - Lin, H. T.. AU - Chung, C. F.. AU - Yen, S. H.. AU - Kao, C. L.. PY - 2006/6/1. Y1 - 2006/6/1. N2 - Gelatin scaffolds for ex vivo cell cultures are a promising development. These scaffolds can be used as three-dimensional skeletons for cell attachment and culture before transplantation. In this study, we isolated and cultivated neural stem cells from human brain tissues in serum-free medium (DMEM+F12 nutrient). Better neuron growth was observed using the tetrazolium assay (MTT) in the group when basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was coated on the gelatin polymer scaffold. Further development of this nontoxic system may help the future development of transplantation of human neural stem cells.. AB - Gelatin scaffolds for ex vivo cell cultures are a promising ...

0059] Multiphase tissue scaffolds of this disclosure comprising PCL nanofibers and multiphase tissue scaffolds of this disclosure comprising PCL nanofibers, each seeded with PDL cells, were prepared. Experiments were performed comparing cell viability, alignment, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP activity) and collagen deposition on these different scaffolds. Results are depicted in FIGS. 8 through 14. As shown in FIG. 8, cell growth was similar on PLGA and PCL aligned nanofiber scaffolds on days 1, 7, 14 and 28. Also similar on the aligned PLGA and PCL nanofiber scaffolds were ALP activity (see FIG. 9A) and collagen deposition (see FIG. 9B). Cells attached and were viable on the non-mineralized ligament phase, and mineralized phase and the transition region of the two phases after one day of culture on the aligned PCL nanofiber scaffold (see FIG. 10). However, greater cell proliferation was observed on the mineralized phase of the aligned PLGA nanofiber scaffolds at Day 28 (see FIG. 11). ...

The examination of the adhesive properties of poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) for application as a hard tissue adhesive and as an adhesive for forming laminated three-dimensional scaffolds for bone tissue engineering was investigated by two sets of experiments. The adhesive properties of adherends (fabricated with PPF) laminated with PPF were compared with unlaminated controls as well as two well-known hard tissue adhesives, cyanoacrylate and epoxy. By investigating three adhesive parameters (mass, viscosity, and polymer molecular weight), the adhesive properties of PPF were found to match the mechanical properties of unlaminated solid PPF and exceed the adhesive properties of cyanoacrylate and epoxy. The effect of three scaffold fabrication parameters (porosity, porogen size, and polymer molecular weight) on the tensile properties of laminated scaffolds was investigated. The most significant finding was that a strong bond was formed at the interface between the porous scaffolds independent of ...

The second and third bodies of research have involved the development of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds in the micron scale range (2-14 µm) to allow good fibroblast infiltration. In vitro biocompatibility and infiltration behaviour of 3T3 GFP dermal fibroblasts, as an exemplar cell type on electrospun PCL scaffolds, were investigated. Additionally, synthesis of polycapolactone-poly(ethylene glycol)-block copolymer (PCL-b-PEG) was included in this study, where it was hypothesized that PCL-b-PEG containing scaffolds may enhance degradation, wettability, and cell-compatibility as previous research has reported. Caprolactone-poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymer were blended with commercial caprolactone (PCL-b-PEG/PCL) and electrospun scaffolds were developed and fully characterised. Selected scaffolds (PCL and PCL-b-PEG/PCL with an average fibre diameter of 4 μm) were compared in terms of: i) in vitro biocompatibility and cell infiltration, ii) mechanical properties, iii) ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The interaction between co-cultured human nucleus pulposus cells and mesenchymal stem cells in a bioactive scaffold. AU - Wu, Chang Chin. AU - Yang, Shu Hua. AU - Huang, Teng Le. AU - Liu, Chia Ching. AU - Lu, Dai Hua. AU - Yang, Kai Chiang. AU - Lin, Feng Huei. PY - 2012/6. Y1 - 2012/6. N2 - Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into nucleus pulposus (NP) cells upon being co-cultured with NP cells. Important growth factors and morphogens secreted by MSCs during the differentiation process also enhance the biological properties of NP cells. In this study, the interactions between human NP cells and MSCs co-cultured in different cell-ratio (100% NP, 75% NP with 25% MSCs, 50% NP with 50% MSCs, 25% NP with 75% MSCs, and 100% MSCs) in a three-dimensional gelatin/chondroitin-6-sulfate/hyaluronan tri-copolymer scaffold were examined. Results showed that the cell proliferation was increased when NP and MSCs were co-cultured. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Investigating breast cancer cell behavior using tissue engineering scaffolds. AU - Guiro, Khadidiatou. AU - Patel, Shyam A.. AU - Greco, Steven J.. AU - Rameshwar, Pranela. AU - Arinzeh, Treena L.. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2015 Guiro et al. Copyright: Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2015/4/2. Y1 - 2015/4/2. N2 - Despite early detection through the use of mammograms and aggressive intervention, breast cancer (BC) remains a clinical dilemma. BC can resurge after ,10 years of remission. Studies indicate that BC cells (BCCs) with self-renewal and chemoresistance could be involved in dormancy. The majority of studies use in vitro, two-dimensional (2-D) monolayer cultures, which do not recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment. Thus, to determine the effect of three-dimensional (3-D) microenvironment on BCCs, this study fabricated tissue engineering scaffolds made of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) having aligned or random fibers. Random and aligned fibers ...

This thesis presents a foundation for developing a business case for companies interested in the reconstructive and cosmetic procedure markets. The focus is on reviewing adipose tissue engineering research and proposing technology opportunities that could be applied to challenging soft tissue reconstruction cases and adjacently applied to cosmetic applications. To establish the foundation for this type of program, this thesis includes an evaluation of the reconstructive and cosmetic procedure markets, current practices in these markets and their constraints, as well as a literature review of research in adipose tissue engineering and its potential clinical applications. Additionally it captures the competitive landscape of major players in the reconstructive market as well as up-and-coming players in the adipose tissue engineering field. Technology development opportunities with associated customer and business value are discussed with a recommendation for the development of a detailed business ...

Polymer scaffold use has become commonplace in tissue engineering strategies. Scaffolds provide sturdy interfaces that securely anchor tissue engineered constructs to their designated locations. Researchers have used scaffolds to provide support to developing tissues as well as a growth template to aid the development of the desired phenotypic structure. In addition to using scaffolds for their mechanical support, scaffolds can be used as a diagnostic tool by attaching sensors. Strain gauge sensors have been attached to scaffolds to monitor compression and elongation. These polybutylterphalate (PBT) scaffolds were used in a cartilage tissue-engineering project for femoral cartilage repair. The aim of this project was to measure native cartilage pressure in normal canine stifle joints using strain gauge scaffolds. By using pressure sensitive films to confirm joint surface pressures determined with strain gauge measurements, sensate scaffolds were created to be able to provide in vivo joint ...

Cardiac tissue regeneration is an integrated process involving both cells and supporting matrix. Cardiomyocytes and stem cells are utilized to regenerate cardiac tissue. Hydrogels, because of their tissue-like properties, have been used as supporting matrices to deliver cells into infarcted cardiac muscle. Bioactive and biocompatible hydrogels mimicking biochemical and biomechanical microenvironments in native tissue are needed for successful cardiac tissue regeneration. These hydrogels not only retain cells in the infarcted area, but also provide support for restoring myocardial wall stress and cell survival and functioning. Many hydrogels, including natural polymer hydrogels, synthetic polymer hydrogels, and natural/synthetic hybrid hydrogels are employed for cardiac tissue engineering. In this review, types of hydrogels used for cardiac tissue engineering are briefly introduced. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Furthermore, strategies for cardiac regeneration using hydrogels are

Stem cell and tissue engineering offer us with a unique opportunity to research and develop new therapies for treating various diseases that are otherwise incurable using traditional medicines. However, development of these new therapies replies upon the establishment of in vitro cell culture and differentiation systems that mimic in vivo microenvironments required for cell-cell and cell-ECM interaction. The development of these cell culture systems depends upon the identification of appropriate biomaterials and cell sources. Biomaterials should be carefully selected and fabricated into scaffolds for supporting cell growth and differentiation. In this study, we explored the fabrication of 3D electrospun nanofiber scaffolds and demonstrated the feasibility of using these scaffolds for supporting cell growth. The material that we used for scaffold fabrication is a polymer, polycaprolactone (PCL). We discovered that the electrospun PCL nanofibers are highly hydrophobic, unsuitable for cell growth. The

0001]An enormous expenditure of health-care resources was required for the repair and replacement of diseased tissue structures and organs. The most common treatment, replacement with an autograft, produces less than optimal results. However, the supply of autograft, and even allograft, is very limited. Engineering tissues and organs with mammalian cells and a scaffolding material as emerged as a promising alternative approach in the treatment of malfunctioning or lost organs compared to the use of harvested tissues and organs (see Langer, R. S. and J. P. Vacanti, Tissue engineering: the challenges ahead, Scientific American 280(4), 86 (1999)). In this approach, a temporary scaffold is needed to serve as an adhesive substrate for the implanted cells and a physical support to guide the formation of the new organs. Accordingly, the scaffold materials must be custom-engineered to match the biomechanical, biochemical, and biological needs of the specific tissue or organ they are designed to ...

Bioink is one of the important factors for successive laser-assisted bioprinting. It is a combination of cells encapsulated in a biomaterial or combinations of different biomaterials in a hydrogel form. There are two kinds of bioinks currently used in bioprinting, scaffold-based consisted of a cell and a scaffold such as hydrogels, microcarriers, and decellularized matrix as a cell carrier and scaffold-free wherein no biomaterials were used as a cell carrier, only cell aggregates are printed directly.14. Stem cells are the most commonly used cells in bioprinting due to its versatility. These cells are pluripotent that can give rise to different cell types, has the ability of cell renewal or the ability to divide to make more cells, and fast proliferation making it an unlimited cell source for 3D bioprinting.. Different parameters should be considered in choosing materials for bioprinting. Ideal material should be biocompatible, material biomimicry, and appropriate mechanical and rheological ...

Nanotechnology-enabled tissue engineering is receiving increasing attention. The ultimate goal of tissue engineering as a medical treatment concept is to replace or restore the anatomic structure and function of damaged, injured, or missing tissue. At the core of tissue engineering is the construction of three-dimensional scaffolds out of biomaterials to provide mechanical support and guide cell growth into new tissues or organs. Biomaterials can be variously permanent or biodegradable, naturally occurring or synthetic, but inevitably need to be biocompatible. Using nanotechnology, biomaterial scaffolds can be manipulated at atomic, molecular, and macromolecular levels. Creating tissue engineering scaffolds in nanoscale also may bring unpredictable new properties to the material, such as mechanical (stronger), physical (lighter and more porous) or chemical reactivity (more active or less corrosive), which are unavailable at micro- or macroscales. For bone tissue engineering, a special subset of ...

Reconstructing or repairing a damaged tissue with porous scaffolds to restore the mechanical, biological, and chemical functions is one of the major tissue engineering and wound healing strategies. Recent developments in three-dimensional bioprinting techniques and improvements in the biomaterial properties have made fabrication of controlled and interconnected porous scaffold structures possible. Especially, for wound healing or soft tissue engineering, membranes/scaffolds made out of visco-elastic hydrogels, or other soft biomaterials with regular porous structures are commonly used. When the visco-elastic structures are applied onto a wound or damaged area, various forces might act upon these structures. The applied forces caused by bandage or occlusive dressings, contraction, and/or the self-weight could deform the fabricated scaffolds. As a result, the geometry and the designed porosity changes which eventually alters the desired choreographed functionality. To remedy this problem, a denser ...

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are highly debilitating conditions for which no effective treatment or cure currently exists. Stem cell replacement therapies may offer hope to people suffering with SCIs. The use of biomaterial scaffolds, both alone and combined with stem cells, has also been suggested for spinal cord repair. A relatively new type of stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) originate from adult somatic cells and bypass the ethical and immunological concerns of other stem cell lines. In this study, iPSCs were cultured and subsequently differentiated into neural stem cells (NSCs). These iPSC-derived NSCs were able to survive and extend axons after multiple reseedings, indicating the possibility of creating reservoirs in clinical use. Additionally, iPSC-derived NSCs were shown to survive in a biomaterial hydrogel during 3D-culturing and extend axons into the gel. A collagen scaffold was designed with four channels running parallel through its center. Hydrogel containing iPSCs ...

Biological compatibility of a biological derivation bone tissue engineering scaffold was all sidedly evaluated by biological test of basic and additional evaluation. Results showed that the grades of cell culture with the material were grade Ⅰ. There was no sensitization effect; no irritant reactions were found in test of genotoxicity and test of chronic toxicity, there was no irritant reaction to the material implanted in bone and the hemolytic rate was 0 61%. The results demonstrated that the biological derivation bone tissue engineering scaffold is a satisfactory biomaterial.

Learn more about stem cells by reading Stem Cell-Based Bone Tissue Engineering with a Hydrogel Scaffold Shows Promise for Bone Repair on the Stemodontics® website.

The development of biomaterials with high osteogenic ability for fast osteointegration with a host bone is of great interest. In this study, pearl/CaSO4 composite scaffolds were fabricated using three-dimensional (3D) printing, followed by a hydration process. The pearl/CaSO4 scaffolds showed uniform interconnected macropores (∼400 μm), high porosity (∼60%), and enhanced compressive strength. With CaSO4 scaffolds as a control, the biological properties of the pearl/CaSO4 scaffolds were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the pearl/CaSO4 scaffolds possessed a good apatite-forming ability and stimulated the proliferation and differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs), as well as giving a better expression of related osteogenic genes. Importantly, micro-computed tomography and histology of the critical-sized rabbit femoral condyle defects implanted with the scaffolds illustrated the osteogenic capacity of the pearl/CaSO4 scaffolds. New bone was observed ...

Strategies for bone tissue engineering and regeneration rely on bioactive scaffolds to mimic the natural extracellular matrix and act as templates onto which cells attach, multiply, migrate and function. Of particular interest are nanocomposites and organic-inorganic (O/I) hybrid biomaterials based on selective combinations of biodegradable polymers and bioactive inorganic materials. In this paper, we review the current state of bioactive and biodegradable nanocomposite and O/I hybrid biomaterials and their applications in bone regeneration. We focus specifically on nanocomposites based on nano-sized hydroxyapatite (HA) and bioactive glass (BG) fillers in combination with biodegradable polyesters and their hybrid counterparts. Topics include 3D scaffold design, materials that are widely used in bone regeneration, and recent trends in next generation biomaterials. We conclude with a perspective on the future application of nanocomposites and O/I hybrid biomaterials for regeneration of bone.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Pilot study of a novel vacuum-assisted method for decellularization of tracheae for clinical tissue engineering applications. AU - Lange, P.. AU - Greco, K.. AU - Partington, L.. AU - Carvalho, C.. AU - Oliani, S.. AU - Birchall, M. A.. AU - Sibbons, P. D.. AU - Lowdell, M. W.. AU - Ansari, T.. PY - 2015. Y1 - 2015. N2 - Tissue engineered tracheae have been successfully implanted to treat a small number of patients on compassionate grounds. The treatment has not become mainstream due to the time taken to produce the scaffold and the resultant financial costs. We have developed a method for decellularization (DC) based on vacuum technology, which when combined with an enzyme/detergent protocol significantly reduces the time required to create clinically suitable scaffolds. We have applied this technology to prepare porcine tracheal scaffolds and compared the results to scaffolds produced under normal atmospheric pressures. The principal outcome measures were the reduction in time ...

A common design constraint in functional tissue engineering is that scaffolds intended for use in load-bearing sites possess similar mechanical properties to the replaced tissue. Here, we tested the hypothesis that in vivo loading would enhance bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-mediated bone regeneration in the presence of a load-bearing PLDL scaffold, whose pores and central core were filled with BMP-2-releasing alginate hydrogel. First, we evaluated the effects of in vivo mechanical loading on bone regeneration in the structural scaffolds. Second, we compared scaffold-mediated bone regeneration, independent of mechanical loading, with alginate hydrogel constructs, without the structural scaffold, that have been shown previously to facilitate in vivo mechanical stimulation of bone formation.. Contrary to our hypothesis, mechanical loading had no effect on bone formation, distribution, or biomechanical properties in structural scaffolds. Independent of loading, the structural scaffolds ...

Nanofibrous structures exhibit many interesting features, such as high surface area and surface functionalization and porosity in the range from submicron to nanoscale, which mimics the natural extracellular matrix. In particular, electrospun nanofibers have gained great attention in the field of tissue engineering due to the ease of fabrication and tailorability in pore size, scaffold shape, and fiber alignment. For the reasons, recently, polymeric nanofibers or bioceramic nanoparticle-incorporated nanofibers have been used in dentistry, and their nanostructure and flexibility have contributed to highly promotive cell homing behaviors, resulting in expecting improved dental regeneration. Here, this paper focuses on recently applied electrospun nanofibers in dentistry in the range from the process to the applications.

Electrospinning is a versatile method to fabricate nanofibers of a range of polymeric and composite materials suitable as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. In this study, we report the fabrication and characterization of polyaniline-carbon nanotube/poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) (PANI-CNT/PNIPAm-co-MAA) composite nanofibers and PNIPAm-co-MAA nanofibers suitable as a three-dimensional (3D) conducting smart tissue scaffold using electrospinning. The chemical structure of the resulting nanofibers was characterized with FUR and H-1 NMR spectroscopy. The surface morphology and average diameter of the nanofibers were observed by SEM. Cellular response of the nanofibers was studied with mice L929 fibroblasts. Cell viability was checked on 7th day of cell culture by double staining the cells with calcein-AM and PI dye. PANI-CNT/PNIPAm-co-MAA composite nanofibers were shown the highest cell growth and cell viability as compared to PNIPAm-co-MAA nanofibers. Cell viability in ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Microfluidic synthesis of a cell adhesive Janus polyurethane microfiber. AU - Jung, Jae Hoon. AU - Choi, Chang Hyung. AU - Chung, Seok. AU - Chung, Young Min. AU - Lee, Chang Soo. PY - 2009. Y1 - 2009. N2 - We present a simple synthetic approach for the preparation of cell attachable Janus polyurethane (PU) microfibers in a microfluidic system. The synthesis was performed by using laminar flows of multiple streams with spontaneous formation of carbon dioxide bubbles resulting in an asymmetrically porous PU microfiber. The fabricated asymmetric microfiber (Janus microfiber) provides two distinctive properties: one is a porous region to promote the cellular adhesion and the other is a nonporous region rendering the mechanical strength of the scaffold. The Janus microfibers show dramatic improvement of cell adhesion, proliferation, and viability over a culture period. Cells cultured on the fibers easily bridged gaps between microfibers by joining together to form a cell sheet. The ...

Indigo Microfiber Applicator - Indigo microfiber takes on a new shape! The Indigo Microfiber Applicator is made of the same outstanding microfiber as the Indigo Edgeless Microfiber Polishing Cloth. This 70/30 microfiber is woven from threads ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Functional tissue engineering : ten more years of progress. AU - Guilak, F.. AU - Baaijens, F.P.T.. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - Functional tissue engineering is a subset of the field of tissue engineering that was proposed by the United States National Committee on Biomechanics over a decade ago in order to place more emphasis on the roles of biomechanics and mechanobiology in tissue repair and regeneration. Over the past decade, there have been tremendous advances in this area, pointing out the critical role that biomechanical factors can play in the engineered repair of virtually all tissue and organ systems. In this special issue of the Journal of Biomechanics, we present a series of articles that address a broad array of the fundamental topics of functional tissue engineering, including: (1) measurement and modeling of the in vivo biomechanical environment and history in native and repair tissues; (2) further understanding of the biomechanical properties of native tissues ...

The use of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (hiPSC-NPCs) is an attractive therapeutic option for damaged nerve tissues. To direct neuronal differentiation of stem cells, we have previously developed an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber scaffold that was functionalized with siRNA targeting Re-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), by mussel-inspired bioadhesive coating. However, the efficacy of nanofiber-mediated RNA interference on hiPSC-NPCs differentiation remains unknown. Furthermore, interaction between such cell-seeded scaffolds with injured tissues has not been tested. In this study, scaffolds were optimized for REST knockdown in hiPSC-NPCs to enhance neuronal differentiation. Specifically, the effects of two different mussel-inspired bioadhesives and transfection reagents were analyzed. Scaffolds functionalized with RNAiMAX Lipofectamine-siREST complexes enhanced the differentiation of hiPSC-NPCs into TUJ1+ cells (60% as compared to 22% in ...

Among the synthetic polymers, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microbial polyester is one of the biocompatible and biodegradable copolymers in the nanomedicine scope. PHBV has key points and suitable properties to support cellular adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of nanofibers. Nanofibers are noticeably employed in order to enhance the performance of biomaterials, and could be effectively considered in this scope. Electrospinning is one of the well-known and practical methods that extremely employed in the construction of nanofibrous scaffolds for biomedical application and recently PHBV has exploited in nerve graft and regenerative medicine. PHBV composites nanofibrous scaffolds are able to be applied as promising materials in many fields, such as; wound healing and dressing, tissue engineering, targeted drug delivery systems, functional carries, biosensors or nano-biosensors and so on. In this mini-review, we attempt to provide a more detailed overview of the recent

Our MRes Tissue Engineering for Regenerative Medicine course gives students from biological, engineering and/or medical-related backgrounds the specialist knowledge and research skills to pursue a career in this field. The national average salary for a Director of Orthopedics and Tissue Engineering is $142,392 in United States. There is a $95.00 USD manuscript submission fee for all submissions to Tissue Engineering: Part A; Tissue Engineering: Part B (Reviews); and Tissue Engineering: Part C (Methods). Pittsburgh Tissue Engineering Initiative average salary is $102,300, median salary is $102,300 with a salary range from $102,300 to $102,300. The best-paid 25 percent made $114,930 that year, while the lowest-paid 25 percent made $67,830. 2 Director of Orthopedics and Tissue Engineering Salaries in Bothell provided anonymously by employees. Pittsburgh Tissue Engineering Initiative Salaries trends. ACRO Biomedical was founded in June 2014 and positioned to develop biomaterials for human tissue ...

Instructive materials able to drive cells, in particular the differentiation of stem cells toward osteoblastic lineages have been investigated as a promising strategy for bone tissue engineering. Inorganic ions, such as phosphorous, calcium, silicon and strontium, have been used in bone regeneration strategies as instructive ions for material based approaches. The use of effective inorganic ions are being investigated as a promising approach for bone regeneration applications mainly due to the fact that are highly available and cost-effective and thus, reducing the need of using expensive and less stable growth factors. The aim of present study is to investigate the effect of the release of silicon (Si) and calcium (Ca) ions from blend of starch and poly-caprolactone (SPCL) scaffolds on the osteogenic behavior of human adipose stem cells (hASC). The scaffolds were developed by a wet-spinning technique and two different solutions were used as coagulation bath, one containing Ca and Si ions and ...

Hydrogel and silk scaffolds were cut into pieces approximately 10 × 10 mm while electrospun scaffolds were cut into pieces of approximately 8 × 8 mm. Glass coverslips and PET membranes, excised from the cell culture inserts, were used as positive controls. The scaffolds were sterilized by incubation in ethanol overnight at room temperature, rinsed in PBS, and equilibrated in culture medium for at least 1 hour. After meticulous removal of connective and fatty tissue from the donor conjunctiva under a dissecting microscope, the epithelial sheet was divided into explants. Explant sizes are listed in the Table. A piece of scaffold and medium was added to each well of a six-well culture dish. The cell culture medium consisted of RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 μg/mL penicillin-streptomycin, 87 μM NEEA solution, 870 μM sodium pyruvate, and 8.7 mM HEPES. One explant was placed, epithelial side down, in the center of each scaffold. ...

By controlling the microarchitecture of bioengineered scaffolds for artificial tissues, their material and cell-interaction properties can be designed to mimic native correspondents. Current understanding of this relationship is sparse and based oil microscopy requiring harsh sample preparation and labeling, leaving it open to which extent the natural morphology is studied. This work introduces multimodal nonlinear microscopy for label-free imaging of tissue scaffolds, exemplified by bacterial Cellulose. Unique three-dimensional images visualizing the formation of nanofiber networks throughout the biosynthesis, revealing that supra-structures (layered structures, cavities) are formed. Cell integration in compact scaffolds was visualized and compared with porous scaffolds. While the former showed distinct boundaries to the native tissue, gradual Cell integration was observed for the porous material. Thus, the degree of cell integration can be controlled through scaffold supra-structures. This illustrates

Across species, the avascular portion of the knee meniscus cannot heal spontaneously if severely injured. The most common treatment is meniscectomy which results in osteoarthritis. The objective of this study was to assess the fibrochondrogenic potential of equine fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) seeded on scaffolds under the influence of growth factors in vitro to determine the potential of developing a novel cell-based repair strategy. Cultured FLS were seeded onto synthetic scaffolds in a rotating bioreactor under the influence of three growth factor regimens: none, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) alone, and bFGF plus transforming growth factor (TGF-beta(1)) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). Constructs were analyzed for mRNA expression and production of fibrochondroid extracellular matrix constituents. Type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA were significantly higher in growth factor-treated groups (p,0.05). Despite sub-optimal extracellular matrix production, FLS can exhibit ...

Title:Recent Advances in Image-Based Stem-Cell Labeling and Tracking, and Scaffold-Based Organ Development in Cardiovascular Disease. VOLUME: 4 ISSUE: 2. Author(s):C. Constantinides, C.A. Carr and J.E. Schneider. Affiliation:Chi Biomedical Limited, 36 Parthenonos Street, Strovolos 2021, Nicosia, Cyprus.. Keywords:3D printing, myocardial infarction, organ development, scaffolds, scar regeneration, stem cell, translational research.. Abstract:Myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF) are leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the Western World. Therapeutic approaches using interventional cardiology and bioengineering techniques have thus far focused on either salvaging viable tissue post-infarction or preserving cardiac function in the failing myocardium. Regenerative medicine on the other hand, attempts to renew damaged tissue and enhance cardiac functional performance. Tremendous advances have been made in this field since the introduction and ethical approval for use of stem-cells ...

Novel tissue engineering approaches are emerging to meet regenerative medicine demands and challenges towards successful therapies to completely restore the function in damaged or degenerated tissues. Among them, magnetic tissue engineering envisions the development of complex systems in which magnetic elements are exploited as remotely controlled multidimensional tools with potential for diagnostic and therapeutic actions. This chapter provides an overview of the latest developments in the design and assessment of magnetic tissue engineering strategies with particular emphasis on smart magnetic materials and their relevance for tissue regeneration. Special attention will be given to the fabrication of sophisticated systems from the nano to the macro scale, and to the role of magnetic smart materials for providing alternative approaches to address the demanding tissue requirements and meet successful alternative strategies for regenerative medicine. The cellular response to the presence of ...

Porous polymer scaffolds fabricated to support the growth of biological tissue for implantation may hold the potential to greatly accelerate the development of cancer therapeutics.. Researchers at Rice University and the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston and Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York reported this week that three-dimensional scaffolds used to culture Ewings sarcoma cells were effective at mimicking the environment in which such tumors develop.. Their research appears online this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.. The scaffolds better recapitulate the microenvironment in which tumors grow, as compared with two-dimensional plastic surfaces typically used in cancer research to test anti-cancer drugs, said Rice bioengineer Antonios Mikos, who led the research team with Joseph Ludwig, an assistant professor and sarcoma medical oncologist at MD Anderson.. Weve been working to investigate how we can leverage our expertise in ...