TY - JOUR. T1 - Persistent C60 anion-radical formation via photoinduced electron transfer from tetraphenylborate and triphenylbutylborate. AU - Konishi, Toshifumi. AU - Sasaki, Yoshiko. AU - Fujitsuka, Mamoru. AU - Toba, Yasumasa. AU - Moriyama, Hiroshi. AU - Ito, Osamu. PY - 1999/3/1. Y1 - 1999/3/1. M3 - Article. VL - 1999. SP - 551. EP - 556. JO - J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2. JF - J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2. ER - ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Anion response characteristics of an electrode based on plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membrane without added ion exchanger. AU - Masadome, Takashi. AU - Yang, Ji guang. AU - Imato, Toshihiko. AU - Ishibashi, Nobuhiko. PY - 1992. Y1 - 1992. N2 - The potential response of an electrode, based on an o-nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE)-plasticized PVC membrane without added ion exchanger, to alkyl sulfate, alkanesulfonate, alkylcarboxylate ions and to several hydrophobic anions was investigated. The electrode exhibits the Nernstian response to alkyl sulfate ions having more than ten carbon atoms in alkyl chains. For alkanesulfonate ions, the electrode shows the Nernstian response to dodecylbenzensulfonate and di-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate ions, but does not to ions with less than eleven carbon atoms in alkyl chains. For alkylcarboxylate ions with seven to eleven carbon atoms in alkyl chains, the electrode does not show the Nernstian response, but does to tetraphenylborate and ...

In the title compound (Fig. 1), the MnIII-MnIV centrosymmetric, dinuclear cation is bridged by two oxo ligands. Each manganese atom also binds to a tetradentate cyclam (cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) to achieve a distorted octahedral coordination environment. Due to the center of inversion, there is no distinction between the two different oxidation states in the structure, and it is disordered mixed valent. The dinuclear cation bears a +3 charge, and the charge is balanced by a chloride anion and two tetraphenylborate anions. The chloride resides on a center of symmetry. The configuration of the cyclam ligand is cis-V, in which the N-H bonds alternate above and below the N4 plane (Bosnich et al., 1965).. The structures of similar disordered mixed valent (III/IV) µ-oxo bridged manganese cyclam complexes are reported in Lu, et al., 2001, with two perchlorate and one nitrate anions; Goodson, et al., 1990, with dithionate and thiosulfate anions, and a second structure with three ...

Ammonium Tetraphenylborate NH4B(C6H5)4 bulk & research qty manufacturer. Properties, SDS, Applications, Price. Free samples program. Term contracts & credit cards/PayPal accepted.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Catalyst poisoning and selectivity constants in polyethylene glycol catalyzed phase transfer catalysis. AU - Neumann, Ronny. AU - Sasson, Yoel. PY - 1985. Y1 - 1985. N2 - Polyethylene glycol was found to undergo anionic catalyst poisoning by lipophilic anions in a manner similar to that of quaternary ammonium salts, even though the interaction between alkali salts and the catalyst is generally considered to be influenced only by the cation. From reaction profiles which indicated catalyst poisoning, an exact kinetic equation describing the conversion as a function of time could be used to compute selectivity constants, Ks, by graphic iterations.. AB - Polyethylene glycol was found to undergo anionic catalyst poisoning by lipophilic anions in a manner similar to that of quaternary ammonium salts, even though the interaction between alkali salts and the catalyst is generally considered to be influenced only by the cation. From reaction profiles which indicated catalyst ...

In this paper we report the effect of mechanical deformation on space charge dynamics in crosslinked polyethylene. Thin films were peeled from a 66 kV commercial XLPE cable. Space charge measurements under dc electric fields have been monitored using the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) technique. It has been found that charge dynamics in deformed XLPE are different from that from undeformed XLPE at lower voltages. At low applied electric field, space charge is dominated by heterocharge in the deformed XLPE while homocharge governs charge formation in undeformed XLPE. However, at high electric field, there is no significant difference between them. Space charge is dominated by homocharge in both deformed and undeformed XLPE. The results indicated that through deformation, molecular chains rearrange so small molecules such as crosslinking by-products, initially being trapped, can be released. Under the influence of the applied electric field they can be ionised to form heterocharge in the sample ...

Harmonised classification and labelling is a legally binding classification and labelling for a substance, agreed at European Community level. Harmonisation is based on the substances physical, toxicological and eco-toxicological hazard assessment. The Hazard classification and labelling section uses the signal word, pictogram(s) and hazard statements of the substance under the harmonised classification and labelling (CLH) as its primary source of information.. If the substance is covered by more than one CLH entry (e.g. disodium tetraborate EC no. 215-540-4, is covered by three harmonisations: 005-011-00-4; 005-011-01-1 and 005-011-02-9), CLH information cannot be displayed in the InfoCard as the difference between the CLH classifications requires manual interpretation or verification. If a substance is classified under multiple CLH entries, a link to the C&L Inventory is provided to allow users to view CLH information associated with the substance and no text is automatically ...

This list contains a non-exhaustive inventory of substances taken from: (1) Table 3 of Annex VI to CLP; (2) the Candidate List of SVHCs; (3) Annex XIV of REACH (Authorisation List); (4) Annex XVII of REACH (Restrictions List); (5) F-gases subject to emission limits/reporting per Regulation 517/2014/EU; and (6) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) listed in the Ambient Air Directive 2008/50/EC. The basis of the list is Annex I(3) of the Construction Products Regulation 305/2011/EC, which stipulates that construction works must not have a high impact on human health or the environment as a result of: giving off toxic gas; emissions of dangerous substances, volatile organic compounds (VOC), greenhouse gases or dangerous particles into indoor or outdoor air; release of dangerous substances into drinking water, ground water, marine waters, surface waters or soil.. ...

EN] Two new chromium(III)-containing complexes of formula AsPh4[Cr(bipy)(ox)(2)]. H2O 1 and [NaCr(bipy)(ox)(2)(H2O)]. 2H(2)O 2 (bipy = 2,2-bipyridine and ox = oxalate dianion) have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of 1 consists of discrete [Cr(bipy)(ox)(2)](-) mononuclear anions, tetraphenylarsonium cations and uncoordinated water molecules. The structure of 2 reveals a novel two-dimensional framework which is made up of oxalato-bridged bimetallic Cr-III-Na-I helical chains which are interconnected through centrosymmetric Na2O2 units. Within the chain, a regular alternation of the metal ions is observed, the oxalate group acting as a bis(chelating) ligand. In addition to this coordination mode, two oxalates each act as monodentate ligands towards a sodium atom of a neighbouring chain thus leading to a sheetlike polymeric structure. The chromium environment is distorted octahedral in both complexes: two nitrogen atoms from a bidentate bipy ...

Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane (2) is an efficient hydrosilylating agent of 1,6-dienes 1 operating via a free-radical chain mechanism. The intermediate alkyl radical 3 attacks the second olefinic bond of the diene 1 and forms cyclopentylalkyl radical 4. Using a low concentration of the hydrogen donor... mehr ...

Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane (2) is an efficient hydrosilylating agent of 1,6-dienes 1 operating via a free-radical chain mechanism. The intermediate alkyl radical 3 attacks the second olefinic bond of the diene 1 and forms cyclopentylalkyl radical 4. Using a low concentration of the hydrogen donor... mehr ...

You may also wish to search for items by Kiefer, J. and Kiefer. 8 matching references were found. Kiefer, J.H.; Wei, H.C.; Kern, R.D.; Wu, C.H., Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 1985, 17, 225. [all data] Kiefer, J.H.; Sidhu, S.S.; Kern, R.D.; Xie, K.; Chen, H.; Harding, L.B., The homogeneous pyrolysis of acetylene II: the high temperature radical chain mechanism, Combust. Sci. Technol., 1992, 82, 101-130. [all data] Kiefer, J.H.; Sidhu, S.S.; Kumaran, S.S.; Irdan, E.A., RRKM Model of C2H4 Dissociation: Heat of Formation of Vinylidene, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1989, 159, 1, 32, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(89)87448-2 . [all data] Kiefer, J.H.; Zhang, Q.; Kern, R.D.; Yao, J.; Jursic, B., Pyrolysis of Aromatic Azines: Pyrazine, Pyrimidine, and Pyridine, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1997, 101, 38, 7061, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp970211z . [all data] Kiefer, J.H.; Sidhu, S.S.; Kumaran, S.S.; Irdam, E.A., Chem. Phys. Lett., 1989, 159, 32-4. [all data] Mizerka, L.J.; Kiefer, J.H., Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 1986, 18, 363. [all ...

Result of mutual repulsion of particles of like charge (ions, electrons, etc.) that can limit the current in a charged-particle beam and can also cause some

There is a report about the results of three histochemical methods for the demonstration of potassium in skeletal muscle: reaction with dipicrylamine, reaction of Zimmer, and reaction of Poppen, Green...

The Twinkle is the most advanced, high-speed, pyramid tea bag manufacturing machine on the market. It makes triangular (pyramid) as well as single flat chamber (rectangular) tea bag with thread and tag at a speed of 200 bags per minute. The tea bags can be packed in regular flowpack or 3Sided seal packs. It is also possible to manufacture naked teabags, with or without, thread and tag and deposit directly into pouch or carton.. With Twinkle TPB-200, you can manufacture a large volume of pyramid teabags at high speed and high weight accuracy, which is less labour intensive, thus lowering the production costs substantially.. ...

A charge transport model allowing the description of electroluminescence in polyethylene films under ac stress is proposed. The fluid model incorporates bipolar charge injection/extraction, transport and recombination. The physics is based on hopping mobility of electronic carriers between traps with an exponential distribution in which trap filling controls the mobility. The computation mesh is very tight close to the electrodes, of the order of 0.4 nm, allowing mapping of the density of positive and negative carriers during sinusoidal, triangular and square 50Hz voltage waveforms. Experiment and simulation fit nicely and the time dependence of the electroluminescence intensity is accounted for by the charge behaviour. Light emission scales with the injection current. It is shown that space charge affects a layer 10 nm away from the electrode where the mobility is increased as compared with the bulk mobility due to the high density of charge. The approach is very encouraging and opens the way ...

Mostafa et al. [13] constructed a new composite and classical potentiometric sensor for the determination of PIO, in which the authors used polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane sensors. These membrane sensors incorporate ion association complexes of PIO cation and sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) or phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) or phosphotungstic acid (PTA) as electroactive materials. Direct determination showed an average recovery of 98.5%, 99.0% and 98.4% correspondingly. These sensors were applied for direct determination of PIO in some pharmaceutical preparations and have been used as indicator electrodes for potentiometric titration. In another study El-Ghobashy et al. [14] applied the above proposed principle i.e. membrane selective electrodes for the determination of PIO. The proposed method showed a linear response over the concentration range 3.16×10−5−1×10−2 M for PIO. The authors have applied this method for the determination of PIO in tablets and plasma. Potentiometric sensor for ...

Mostafa et al. [13] constructed a new composite and classical potentiometric sensor for the determination of PIO, in which the authors used polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane sensors. These membrane sensors incorporate ion association complexes of PIO cation and sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) or phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) or phosphotungstic acid (PTA) as electroactive materials. Direct determination showed an average recovery of 98.5%, 99.0% and 98.4% correspondingly. These sensors were applied for direct determination of PIO in some pharmaceutical preparations and have been used as indicator electrodes for potentiometric titration. In another study El-Ghobashy et al. [14] applied the above proposed principle i.e. membrane selective electrodes for the determination of PIO. The proposed method showed a linear response over the concentration range 3.16×10−5−1×10−2 M for PIO. The authors have applied this method for the determination of PIO in tablets and plasma. Potentiometric sensor for ...

Abstract:. This work describes development and validation of conductometric method for determination of lomefloxacin hydrochloride with two precipitating reagents; ammonium reineckate and sodium tetraphenylborate. The formed ion pair complexes were studied conductomterically for the determination of solubility products and other functions associated with the process of lomefloxacin hydrochloride precipitation.In this study, data processing was performed using numerical derivatization and Boltzmann algorithm.The described procedures allowed the determination of lomefloxacin hydrochloride within the range of 2-16 mg using both reagents. These methods were validated and successfully applied for the determination of lomefloxacin hydrochloride in Lomex® tablets.The obtained results werestatistically compared with those of the official method by applying t-test and F-value at 95% confidence level and no significant difference was observed regarding accuracy and precision.. ...

In this work, the use of carbon dots (CDs) as a complexing agent and sensitizer in a polymeric matrix for determination of copper(ii) by UV-vis spectroscopy is reported for the first time. A new and highly selective Schiff base, namely, (N,NE,N,NE)-N,N-((((2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl)bis(oxy))bis(2,1-phenylene))bis(methan-ylylidene))di(isonicotinohydrazide) (NHBMDI), was also incorporated in the polymeric matrix. For the first time, the membrane composition of the proposed optical sensor including NHBMDI as the ionophore, tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) as the anionic additive, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as the plasticizer and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the immobilizer was optimized through central composite design combined with the desirability function approach (DFA) because this method saves material and time consumption and is therefore cost effective ...

In this work, the use of carbon dots (CDs) as a complexing agent and sensitizer in a polymeric matrix for determination of copper(ii) by UV-vis spectroscopy is reported for the first time. A new and highly selective Schiff base, namely, (N,NE,N,NE)-N,N-((((2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl)bis(oxy))bis(2,1-phenylene))bis(methan-ylylidene))di(isonicotinohydrazide) (NHBMDI), was also incorporated in the polymeric matrix. For the first time, the membrane composition of the proposed optical sensor including NHBMDI as the ionophore, tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) as the anionic additive, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as the plasticizer and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the immobilizer was optimized through central composite design combined with the desirability function approach (DFA) because this method saves material and time consumption and is therefore cost effective ...

The dataset for the publication Aggregation of colloidal particles in the presence of hydrophobic anions: Importance of attractive non-DLVO forces. DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03191 Files containing data have .dat extension and are in text format. When needed, additional information is reported in xx_Explanation.txt files.

A simple, precise and sensitive method for separation and determination of total bile acid sulfates in human urine is described. The sulfate fraction of urinary bile acids was separated with lipophilic anion exchange gel, piperidinohydroxypropyl Sephadex LH-20 after sample clean-up with Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. The obtained sulfate fraction was submitted to solvolysis with a small volume of dimethoxypropane-HCl solution and subjected to enzymatic-fluorimetrical assay using 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and resazurin. In this method, no influence of existing salts in the reaction mixture on fluorescence intensity was observed and solvolysis reaction was almost complete. Overall recoveries of glycine- and taurine-conjugated bile acid 3-sulfates from normal urine ranged from 90.5 to 93.7% and those of unconjugates from 48.7 to 78.0%. The sensitivity of the described method enabled to estimate total bile acid sulfates with 0.5 ml of normal urine and precision tests showed the satisfactory accuracy. The

The potential use of plasticized cellulose acetate membranes for electric field driven extraction and preconcentration of inorganic anions was studied. The extraction of highly lipophilic ions such as perchlorate is possible by employing a membrane without any ion carrier, while anions of low lipophilicity, such as phosphate, require a carrier. Best extraction efficiency could be obtained for a membrane of 20 mu m thickness and an applied voltage of 200V. In a flow-through arrangement the preconcentration factor was inversely dependent on the flow rate but constant for different concentrations. The extraction of perchlorate down to 2nM was demonstrated ...

Triturate 0.5gm. of soluble starch with a little cold water into a thin paste and add 25ml. of boiling water.Boil until a clear solution is obtained (5-mins.). This solution should be freshly prepared as required. A more stable starch solution is obtained by adding 0.5gm. of potassium iodide and 2-3 drops of chloroform. A more satisfactory starch solution for use as an indicator is prepared as follows:* Mix 5.0 gm.of powdered sodium starch glycollate with 1-2 ml. ethyl alcohol, add 100ml. of cold water and boil for a few minutes with stirring.This 5% stock solution is stable for many months; it is diluted to 0.1% strength when required for use ...

The present understanding of the role of membrane organization in functional coupling between δ-opioid receptor (DOR) and the cognate G proteins is unclear. G protein activation is impaired by cholesterol depletion but receptor agonist binding is unchanged. The aim of this project is the detailed correlation between structural and dynamic parameters of plasma membranes gained by fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy and functional state of DOR-initiated signaling cascade (ligand binding studies, high-affinity GTPγS binding, GTPase assays, adenylyl cyclase). These studies will be performed in intact cells, isolated plasma membranes (PM) and their compartments (membrane domains) prepared from brain cortex and stable cell lines expressing DOR-Gi1α (Cys351-Ile351), DOR and its fluorescent analog DOR-YFP. PM will be reconstituted into model membranes, e.g. into giant unilamellar vesicles. Using cutting edge microscopy techniques (raster image correlation spectroscopy, FLIM) membrane ...

The Walden-Wintle model for charge injection and transport through highly disordered insulating materials has been extended to include charge injection with a charged particle beam. The original model is applicable to charge injection into a dielectric material from a pair of electrodes in a parallel-plate geometry. It provides a versatile approach to predict the time-dependent current at a rear grounded electrode and the incident surface voltage, as the injection current density evolves over time with the development of a space charge barrier near the injection electrode. The Walden-Wintle model has been applied to many standard cases including Fowler-Nordheim injection, Schottky injection, space charge limited injection, and various tunneling mechanisms. The present model modifies the approach to include electrode-less charge injection via a charged particle beam, along with concomitant effects for the injection current, surface voltage, and electron emission as a charge is built up in the ...

The separation of charge across the photosynthetic membrane is followed by microsecond/millisecond timescale reactions to generate the substrates for the cytochrome bc1 complex. On the so-called acceptor side, QA− reduces the ubiquinone at the QB site (Figure 2A), forming a singly reduced semiquinone species, while on the donor side, a reduced cytochrome c2 docks to the periplasmic face of the RC and reduces P+. The latter event reprimes the RC for a second light-induced charge separation to form the P+QA− radical pair. Donation of a second electron from QA− to the QB− semiquinone is accompanied by a double protonation of the QB molecule to form ubiquinol, which then migrates into the membrane interior and is replaced by a new ubiquinone from the intramembrane pool (Figure 2A, dotted arrows). The sequence and energetics of reduction and protonation events at the QB site have been subjected to an extremely detailed scrutiny (see [38,39] for reviews). The double reduction and protonation ...

This invention relates to electrets which comprise a film of plasma polymerized dielectric material having a volumetric space charge.

Hello I am trying to track the trajectories of charged droplets in a electric field I am solving Poison Equation with space charge source term for

A new potentiometric anionic surfactant sensor was prepared based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) used for immobilisation of 1,3-didecyl-2-methylimidazolium tetraphenylborate (DMI-TPB) ion pair as ionophore in the membrane. The investigated sensor showed a Nernstian response for both dodecylbenzenesulphonate and dodecyl sulphate. It responded in 8-10 seconds for each ten-fold concentration change in the range of 1 x 10-7 M to 1 x 10-3 M. The detection limits for DBS and DS were 1 x 10-6 and 2 x 10-7 M, respectively. The sensor revealed a stable potentiometric response and exhibited satisfactory selectivity for DS. The main application of the sensor was in the end-point detection in potentiometric titrations of anionic surfactants. Hyamine 1622, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and cetylpyridinium chloride were tested as potential cationic titrants, and all exhibited analytically usable titration curves with well-defined equivalence point. The operational life time of the sensor ...

Modern C++11 code base: Envoy is written in C++11. Native code was chosen because we believe that an architectural component such as Envoy should get out of the way as much as possible. Modern application developers already deal with tail latencies that are difficult to reason about due to deployments in shared cloud environments and the use of very productive but not particularly well performing languages such as PHP, Python, Ruby, Scala, etc. Native code provides generally excellent latency properties that dont add additional confusion to an already confusing situation. Unlike other native code proxy solutions written in C, C++11 provides both excellent developer productivity and performance.. L3/L4 filter architecture: At its core, Envoy is an L3/L4 network proxy. A pluggable filter chain mechanism allows filters to be written to perform different TCP proxy tasks and inserted into the main server. Filters have already been written to support various tasks such as raw TCP proxy, HTTP proxy, ...

ReBiS: Re-configurable Bipedal Snake Robot is a modular open chain mechanism of a snake robot that can walk in multiple configurations. ReBiS achieves re-configuration without any re-arrangements of its modules. This paper introduces a novel optimization based approach to design 9-DOF walking gaits for ReBiS robot which can be used for tasks that are difficult for snake robots to perform such as stair climbing or passing over high obstacles, etc. The generated walking gait moves the centre of mass only in its double support phase, making it more stable. Experimental verification by testing the gait on ReBiS Lite Robot showed that high speed walking gait is generated without obtaining the zero moment point and the same algorithm can be used to generate keyframes for HEAD LOOK gait. ...

While generating discharges, electrical energy from the secondary and toroid is transferred to the surrounding air as electrical charge, heat, light, and sound. The electric currents that flow through these discharges are actually due to the rapid shifting of quantities of charge from one place (the top terminal) to other places (nearby regions of air). The process is similar to charging or discharging a capacitor. The current that arises from shifting charges within a capacitor is called a displacement current. Tesla Coil discharges are formed as a result of displacement currents as pulses of electrical charge are rapidly transferred between the high voltage toroid and nearby regions within the air (called space charge regions). Although the space charge regions around the toroid are invisible, they play a profound role in the appearance and location of Tesla Coil discharges. When the spark gap fires, the charged capacitor discharges into the primary winding, causing the primary circuit to ...

Let us now consider the transfer of amino acids from water to a bilayer membrane. According to the calculations of MacCallum et al. (2007), transfer from bulk water to the membrane interior correlates well with the water/cyclohexane scale. In contrast, the transfer of free energy from bulk water to the membrane interface correlates very well with the water/octanol scale. This is the result one would expect a priori. Indeed, it was noted previously that the partitioning of short peptide, designed to occupy the membrane-solution interface, correlates well with the water/octanol scale (Wimley and White, 1996; Wimley et al., 1996). In summary, the water/octanol thermodynamic scale does not reflect the partitioning of amino acids in the interior of membranes but to the membrane-solution interface. Finally, let us consider an even more complex situation, the insertion of transmembrane helices using the translocon expression system. The fascinating measurements of Hessa et al. (2005a) are suggestive of ...

Small peptides capable of penetrating or spanning the hydrophobic core of lipid bilayers have many potential uses in medicine and in biochemical research. As the most basic of the amino acids that can comprise such peptides, arginine (pKa ~ 13.8) is one of the few naturally-occurring molecules capable of existing in a cationic form even when it is deep within the nonpolar membrane interior. In fact, an unambiguously neutral arginine inside of a membrane has never been reported. To allow for molecular-level tracking of peptide localization, a fluorescent arginine derivative (Boc-Arg*-OH) was prepared from commercially available backbone-protected arginine. Palladium(0)-catalyzed coupling of the side-chain to a 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalimide affords the derivative in yields of about 10%. The presence of the fluorophore lowers the pKa of the side-chain guanidinium group by several orders of magnitude, to 9.0 (± 0.1), allowing the derivative to access an electrically neutral protonation state that is ...

An improved method of mass analyzing a sample in a three-dimensional quadruple ion trap with varying fields is disclosed. The dynamic range and sensitivity of previous methods is increased by controlling the number of sample ions formed in the ion trap to avoid saturation and space charge.

A smoke and particle ionization detector using tritiated amorphous silicon film as the radiation source is demonstrated. The ion chamber design includes both bipolar and unipolar region; the unipolar region is defined as the volume space extending beyond the range of ionizing particles. Attachment of ions to particulate matter in the unipolar region considerably reduces the mobility of the carriers, thus forming a space charge cloud accompanied by a reduction in the electrical field strength, thereby enhancing the particulate detection responsivity. Tritium ...

The technological field of magnetohydrodynamics, fThe technological field of magnetohydrodynamics, frequently referred to as MHD, is concerned with the study of dynamic effects of magnetic fields upon electrically conducting fluids, a prime example of which is plasma. The term plasma, has been variously defined as a space charge neutralized ion cloud containing substantially equal numbers of positive ions and negative electrons, or any mixture of particles, some of which are charged, whose spatial dimension exceeds the Debye length and where the percentage of the mixture that is ionized contains an approximately equal number of positive and negative particles so that the overall aggregate is electrically neutral. As used in the present discussion, the term plasma is intended to described a gas or electrolyte which in addition to meeting the criteria just given is in such a state of ionization that it becomes conductive enough, to be affected by magnetic fields. That is to say, such an ...

Bi(Fe0.5Sc0.5)O3-PbTiO3 (BSFPT) films have been fabricated on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The microstructure, chemical state, ferroelectric and magnetic properties were investigated. The leakage mechanism of the BSFPT thin film showed bulk limited, space charge limited current characteristics from 200 to 220 K, whereas bulk limited Poole-Frenkel emission and interface limited Fowler-Nordheim tunneling coexisted at temperatures between 250 and 300 K. The substitution of Sc3+ for Fe3+ ions was considered to improve the valence stability and, therefore, decrease the overall leakage current. © 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved ...

Abstract: The results of the investigation of changes of parameters of dynamic bipolar charge-voltage and bipolar and unipolar dynamic current-voltage characteristics and transient currents connected with the pulse change of humidity for the samples of por-Si are presented. The view of high voltage current-voltage curves is characteristic for poling processes in the space charge region similar to that observed in the case of typical ionic conductors. Observed phases of transformation of investigated electrophysical characteristics reflect the time scale of processes in the consequence adsorption-dissociation and transfer - desorption. The efficiency of using the methods of dynamic electrophysical characterization for studying characteristics of porous materials under fast humidity changes was demonstrated ...

It contains a pH indicator , bromothymol blue, which causes the medium to change from yellow to blue green; it contains antimicrobial agents, chloramphenicol and chlortetracycline, and an … Inoculate the medium immediately after urine collection. The decrease in the fluorimetric signal obtained after a two-step derivatization reaction involving choline oxidase and horseradish peroxidase is proportional to the inhibition caused by the analyte and hence to its concentration in the sample. It is mostly used in applications that require measuring substances that would have a relatively neutral pH (near 7). Bromothymol blue is the most commonly used pH indicator and is in low concentration and size container and low toxicity. Bromophenol blue is structurally related to phenolphthalein (a popular indicator). Ensure adequate ventilation. Bromphenol Blue - Use and Manufacturing. Potassium ions can be precipitated by tetraphenylborate. [7] Bromophenol blue is the substance with the highest known value ...

Chlorination or bromination of a alkane molecule and radical can lead to the formation of an alkyl halide. This often occurs via radical substitution in a chain mechanism.

The membrane milieu impacts the type of interactions that can drive helix association. In the low dielectric of the membrane interior, sidechain hydrogen bonding can be a means of impelling helix association [43,45]. However, it appears that for many natural membrane proteins a key driving force is Van der Waals interactions. These forces are optimised through shape complementarity and sidechain geometry that allow the close approach of transmembrane helices [58]. In some cases, this also allows for the formation of interhelical Cα-H···O hydrogen bonds that likely influence both stability and packing specificity [59,60]. Close packing can be successfully accomplished even with a small subset of hydrophobic amino acids, probably supported by a lipophobic effect that favours protein-protein over protein-lipid interactions. For example, transmembrane polyleucine helices can self-associate via a knobs-into-holes leucine zipper interaction also found in natural proteins (Figure 2a), and this is ...

The Brien Holden Vision Institute (BHVI) is an Australian nonprofit non-governmental organization with an international focus on eye care research and vision care delivery. Formerly the Institute for Eye Research, in 2010 it was renamed in recognition of co-founder Brien Holden, a 1997 recipient of the Medal of the Order of Australia for his contributions to eye care research. The Institute develops and partners with commercial and nonprofit organizations worldwide to accomplish its goals. Its activities include the development of vision correction products (including eyeglasses, contact lenses and surgical devices) for the treatment of myopia (near-sightedness), presbyopia (also known as aging sight), hyperopia and astigmatism. It also conducts research in improvements in contact lens technology, treatments for conditions such as dry eye and technologies to detect eye disease and other eye related conditions. Brien Holden Vision Institute (BHVI) is represented in New South Wales and the ...

We report results from a combined optical interferometric and spectrally resolved imaging study on colliding laser produced aluminium plasmas. A Nomarski interferometer was used to probe the spatio-temporal distribution of electron densities at the collision front. Analysis of the resulting interferograms reveals the formation and evolution of a localized electron density feature with a well-defined profile reminiscent of a stagnation layer. Electron stagnation begins at a time delay of 10 ns after the peak of the plasma generating laser pulse. The peak electron density was found to exceed 10^19 cm^−3 and the layer remained well defined up to a time delay of ca 100 ns. Temporally and spectrally resolved optical imaging was also undertaken, to compare the Al^+ ion distribution with that of the 2D electron density profile. This revealed nascent stagnation of singly charged ions at a delay time of 20 ns. We attribute these results to the effects of space charge separation in the seed p... ...

The work presented in this thesis encompasses an investigation into a number of porphyrin species. All of this work has a central focus on analysis of the porphyrin electronic structure and within the context of photovoltaics. The first exemplar of structures encompasses a series of Zn(II) tetraphenyl porphyrins which have asymmetrically substituted meso groups. The dihedral angle between the porphyrin macrocycle and the meso binding functionality has been shown not to infer any insulating properties towards delocalisation of the excited state. It is proposed that the electron withdrawing ability of the carboxylate unit is more than sufficient to overcome the poor π-overlap between the aromatic units. The inclusion of redox active functionalities at the distal meso site is shown to affect the energy and nature of the oxidised porphyrin species. It does so without almost any effect to the excited state properties of the structure. Both of these findings are important within the context of ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Visible light-induced trifluoromethylation and perfluoroalkylation of cysteine residues in batch and continuous flow. AU - Bottecchia, C.. AU - Wei, X.-J.. AU - Kuijpers, K.P.L.. AU - Hessel, V.. AU - Noël, T.. PY - 2016/8/19. Y1 - 2016/8/19. N2 - We report a visible light-induced trifluoromethylation and perfluoroalkylation for cysteine conjugation using Ru(bpy)32+ as photocatalyst and inexpensive RFI as coupling partner. The protocol allows the introduction of a variety of perfluoro alkyl groups (C1-C10) and a CF2COOEt moiety. The reaction is high yielding (56-94% yield) and fast (2 h in batch, 12 examples). Process intensification in a photomicroreactor accelerated the reaction (5 min reaction time) and increased the yields (8 examples). Quantum yield investigations support a radical chain mechanism.. AB - We report a visible light-induced trifluoromethylation and perfluoroalkylation for cysteine conjugation using Ru(bpy)32+ as photocatalyst and inexpensive RFI as coupling ...

γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-inhibited Cl- channel, type A (α-, β- γ-subunit precursors), regulated by GABA receptor accessory protein, GABARAP (Luu et al., 2006). The anti-convulsant stiripentol acts directly on the GABA(A) receptor as a positive allosteric modulator (Fisher 2009). The major central endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), also directly acts at GABA(A) receptors to potentiate the receptor at low GABA concentrations (Sigel et al., 2011). The recpetor is also allosterically regulated by neurosteroids via TMS1 of the beta subunit (Baker et al. 2010). General anesthetic binding site(s) have been identified (Chiara et al., 2012; Woll et al. 2018). Hydrophobic anions potently and uncompetitively antagonize GABA (A) receptor function (Chisari et al., 2011). Regulated by neurosteroids; activated by pregnenolone and allopregnenalone (Costa et al., 2012). Allopregnanolone and its synthetic analog alphaxalone are GABAAR positive allosteric modulators (Yu et al. 2019). Different ...

A regional specialization of the cell surface of T. cruzi culture forms was found at the cytostome as a localized thick surface coat rich in carbohydrate-containing components. The prominent surface coat was located over a region of the plasma membrane where intramembranous particles were exceedingly low in number. In turn, the particle-poor region was related to specialized submembrane fibrils not present under other regions of the plasma membrane. The cystostome region provides a striking example of a stable regional differentiation of the plasma membrane, involving the outer surface, the membrane interior, and the underlying cytoplasm. In addition, independence of Con A receptors, colloidal iron binding sites, and ruthenium red-stainable surface components from membrane particles was demonstrated at the flagellar membrane. ...

A method of introducing biological material into cells includes providing one or more target cells and establishing a spray of substantially dispersed particles including biological material. The substantially dispersed particles have an electrical charge applied thereto such that one or,more of the substantially dispersed particles of the spray is introduced into one or more of the target cells. The spray of substantially dispersed particles may be established by dispensing a spray of microdroplets suspending particles. The electrical charge is concentrated on the suspended particles as the microdroplet evaporates. The suspended particles may include carrier particles with biological material or the suspended particles may be particles of biological material alone. The space charge effect of the concentrated electrical charge on the substantially dispersed particles of the spray enable one or more of the particles to be introduced into one or more of the target cells. An apparatus for introducing

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