Detection of chemical signals is critical for cells in nature as well as in synthetic biology, where they serve as inputs for designer circuits. Important progress has been made in the design of signal processing circuits triggering complex biological behaviors, but the range of small molecules recognized by sensors as inputs is limited. The ability to detect new molecules will increase the number of synthetic biology applications, but direct engineering of tailor-made sensors takes time.. Here we describe a way to immediately expand the range of biologically detectable molecules by systematically designing metabolic pathways that transform nondetectable molecules into molecules for which sensors already exist. We leveraged computer-aided design to predict such sensing-enabling metabolic pathways, and we built several new whole-cell biosensors for molecules such as cocaine, parathion, hippuric acid, and nitroglycerin.. Libis, V., Delépine, B., Faulon, J.L. Expanding biosensing abilities ...

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has awarded Professor James J. Collins (BME, MSE, SE) a Grand Challenges Explorations grant to encourage his labs pursuit of a novel approach to cholera prevention.. In their proposed project, Collins and two postdoctoral fellows in his lab, Ewen Cameron and Peter Belenky, seek to use synthetic biology techniques to engineer a probiotic yogurt bacterium, Lactobacillus gasseri, to detect and kill the cholera bacterium, Vibrio cholerae, in the human intestine. The probiotic could be supplied as an inexpensive, freeze-dried powder to endemic populations to prevent cholera, an acute, food or water-borne diarrheal infection leading to more than 100,000 deaths each year.. We are delighted to be selected for the Gates Foundation program, said Collins. This funding will enable us to explore using innovative synthetic biology approaches to detect and treat cholera infections, a major health problem facing many poor communities in the world, including those in ...

Well-characterized promoter collections for synthetic biology applications are not always available in industrially relevant hosts. We developed a broadly applicable method for promoter identification in atypical microbial hosts that requires no a priori understanding of cis-regulatory element structure. This novel approach combines bioinformatic filtering with rapid empirical characterization to expand the promoter toolkit and uses machine learning to improve the understanding of the relationship between DNA sequence and function. Here, we apply the method in Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius, a thermophilic organism with high potential as a synthetic biology chassis for industrial applications. Bioinformatic screening of G. kaustophilus, G. stearothermophilus, G. thermodenitrificans, and G. thermoglucosidasius resulted in the identification of 636 100 bp putative promoters, encompassing the genome-wide design space and lacking known transcription factor binding sites. Eighty of these sequences ...

Fermentative production of D-phenylglycine. In fermentative production, substances are produced by microorganisms. The advantages of fermentation are manifold: the starting materials are mostly renewable substances such as glucose and the end products have a high enantiomeric (optical) purity. For their experiments, Professor Mast and her team used Streptomyces pristinaespiralis, a bacterium belonging to the group of actinomycetes.. This bacterium naturally produces the amino acid L-Phg as part of the antibiotic pristinamycin. Using a synthetic biology approach, the research group succeeded in modifying the natural L-Phg biosynthetic pathway from S. pristinaespiralis in such a way that the desired D-Phg is produced. The artificial biosynthetic pathway can now also be used for production in other host strains.. Although the production rates are still low, summarizes Yvonne Mast we have not yet fully exploited the possibilities of genetic engineering and are currently exploring ways to increase ...

Considering that 70% of our planets surface is covered by oceans, it is likely that undiscovered biodiversity is still enormous. A large portion of marine biodiversity consists of microbiomes. They are very attractive targets of bioprospecting because they are able to produce a vast repertoire of secondary metabolites in order to adapt in diverse environments. In many cases secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical and biotechnological interest such as nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) and polyketides (PKs) are synthesized by multimodular enzymes named nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSes) and type-I polyketide synthases (PKSes-I), respectively. Novel findings regarding the mechanisms underlying NRPS and PKS evolution demonstrate how microorganisms could leverage their metabolic potential. Moreover, these findings could facilitate synthetic biology approaches leading to novel bioactive compounds. Ongoing advances in bioinformatics and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are driving the ...

In many of the worlds oceans, currents carry debris and pollution originating from coastlines. This waste accumulates in regional gyres - where ocean currents meet, and can reach extremely high concentrations. Plastic is estimated to account for 60-80% of this debris, and is known to be gradually broken down by solar energy and the mechanical action of the sea. This means the majority of the plastic waste are several millimetres in diameter or less, which has made efforts to clean them from the ocean largely unsuccessful. These tiny plastic fragments - microplastics - enter the digestive systems of resident organisms, which are affected either by the physical size of the plastic or its toxicity from adsorbing organic pollutants. UCL iGEM proposes a synthetic biology approach for the bioremediation of micro-plastic pollutants within the marine environment, with emphasis on regions of excessive debris accumulation, such as the Great pacific garbage patch in the North Pacific gyre. We intend to ...

In many of the worlds oceans, currents carry debris and pollution originating from coastlines. This waste accumulates in regional gyres - where ocean currents meet, and can reach extremely high concentrations. Plastic is estimated to account for 60-80% of this debris, and is known to be gradually broken down by solar energy and the mechanical action of the sea. This means the majority of the plastic waste are several millimetres in diameter or less, which has made efforts to clean them from the ocean largely unsuccessful. These tiny plastic fragments - microplastics - enter the digestive systems of resident organisms, which are affected either by the physical size of the plastic or its toxicity from adsorbing organic pollutants. UCL iGEM proposes a synthetic biology approach for the bioremediation of micro-plastic pollutants within the marine environment, with emphasis on regions of excessive debris accumulation, such as the Great pacific garbage patch in the North Pacific gyre. We intend to ...

Over the past few decades, biological research has vastly improved our understanding of life processes at the molecular, organismal and community levels. In recent years, researchers have been able to use this knowledge base and the toolkits of synthetic biology and cellular engineering to address fundamental biological questions. Synthetic biologists and cellular engineers have also been able to repurpose organisms and organismal processes to address important problems in health, manufacturing, energy, ecology and agriculture, profoundly impacting the bioeconomy. With recent technological advances such as the ability to assemble cell-like systems with particular functionalities and the ability to make precision small-scale and large-scale modifications to eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes using rewriting tools, synthetic biology is poised to enter the age of designer organelles, cell-like systems and organisms. Indeed, progress in rational cell design technology will enable synthetic biology ...

A structural chassis includes a structural chassis and a foam chassis or sock liner sandwiched together to form an assembly that can be inserted into and substantially occupy a footbed of a shoe upper. Discrete sole elements are attached to a bottom side of the upper so as to expose certain portions of the bottom side therebetween. This absence of outsole material in those areas makes the upper collapsible about those areas since the outsole provides no support in those areas. Instead, the structure is provided by the chassis of the chassis, which is customized to the users foot by placing one or more notches in strategic locations along the chassis where the foot naturally flexes. One such notch is located on the chassis in a position that allows the chassis to flex about a forward push-off axis of the foot that runs through the first and second MTP joints. Two collinear notches are formed on the chassis to allow the structural chassis shoe to flex about a lateral push-off axis that runs through the

For many years, the Molecular Biology and Systems Biology communities are working on data exchange standards to stimulate communication and scientific discoveries. The Synthetic Biology community might find useful to evaluate and re-use these standards when applicable. Vincent 08:32, 5 January 2010 (EST):Feel free to add links, it is a work in progress. ...

Sustainability via Synthetic Biology: A Growing Role for Biotechnology in the Chemical Industry. Wednesday, September 20, 2017, 4-5 pm, Elgin Room (E-Quad A224). Brian Pfleger, University of Wisconsin-Madison, (CBE Departmental Seminar) ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - A Synthetic Gene Circuit for Self-Regulating Delivery of Biologic Drugs in Engineered Tissues. AU - Pferdehirt, Lara. AU - Ross, Alison K.. AU - Brunger, Jonathan M.. AU - Guilak, Farshid. PY - 2019/5/1. Y1 - 2019/5/1. N2 - Transient, resolving inflammation plays a critical role in tissue repair and regeneration. In the context of joint disease, however, chronic inflammation following injury or with osteoarthritis can lead to irreversible articular cartilage degradation and joint pain. Developing tissue engineering strategies for the regeneration of articular cartilage remains challenging due to the harsh inflammatory environment of an injured or arthritic joint, which can promote degradation of engineered tissues as well as native articular cartilage. Here, we developed an artificial gene circuit for controlled, cell-based delivery of biologic drugs, based on a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-responsive synthetic promoter. Using ...

By Yong-Bee Lim Synthetic Biology and National Security Policy: Balancing Risk and Innovation to Address the Dual-use Dilemma Mankinds knowledge of technology, and the building blocks of life, has rushed forward in leaps and bounds over the past 50 years. Using various techniques and databases stored with genome data, analyses are now available to health…

The National Research Foundation Singapore (NRF) has announced a new Synthetic Biology Research and Development (R&D) Programme, which will be led by NUS

Some religious believers may see synthetic biology as usurping Gods creative role. The Catholic Church has yet to issue a formal teaching on the field (though it has issued some informal ...

Genetically-encoded biosensors offer a wide range of opportunities to develop advanced synthetic biology applications. Circuits with the ability of detecting and quantifying intracellular amounts of a compound of interest are central to whole-cell biosensors design for medical and environmental applications, and they also constitute essential parts for the selection and regulation of high-producer strains in metabolic engineering. However, the number of compounds that can be detected through natural mechanisms, like inducible transcription factors, is limited; expanding the set of detectable compounds is therefore highly desirable.. Here, we present the SensiPath webserver, accessible at http://sensipath.micalis.fr.. SensiPath implements a strategy to enlarge the set of detectable compounds by screening for multi-step enzymatic transformations converting non-detectable compounds into detectable ones. The SensiPath approach is based on the encoding of reactions through signature descriptors to ...

The present invention is a computing appliance chassis assembly which may support an integration of a plurality of removable modules, including fan modules, power supplies, and a controller module. The computing appliance chassis assembly may also include detachable handles which may allow transport of the computing appliance chassis assembly. A controller chassis may be installed within the computing appliance chassis assembly. A controller chassis assembly may house a controller module and may include rotatable side panels which allow easier access to the components of the controller module. A fan chassis assembly may also be installed within the computing appliance chassis and may house a fan module.

Historical Introduction - Foundations of Synthetic Biology- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Gene expression and gene regulation, Signaling, Metabolism, Nonlinear dynamics, Stochastic gene expression - Technology for Synthetic Biology: Biochemical tools Cloning, Recombineering, Genome engineering & editing, Sequencing, Rational design vs. Evolution, Microfluidic techniques - In vitro and cell-free synthetic biology: Bionanoscience, Cell-free biotechnology, Artificial cells, Artificial life - Minimal cells: Reduced genomes, orthogonal chemistries, expanding the genetic code - Synthetic regulatory circuits: Bacterial computation, Memory, Bacterial communication, pattern formation, etc., RNA synthetic biology Engineering issues, metabolic engineering and applications will follow in part ...

Synthetic biology successfully combines aspects of engineering, chemistry, informatics and biology. Different research fields of synthetic biology have evolved over recent years. These contain, for example, the de-novo design of complete organisms, the utilization of building bricks that can be used to engineer tailor-made synthesis pathways for the production of platform chemicals or orthogonal biosystems that are useful tools for protein biochemistry. These orthogonal pairs can be used to generate modified, synthetic proteins.. In the Functional Genomics group, we use different orthogonal pairs to integrate synthetic amino acids, especially amino acids with photocrosslinker reactivity, site-specifically into proteins. With this approach, for example, virulence factors of the human pathogenic yeast Candida albicans are analyzed for their protein-protein interactions.. Furthermore, synthetic biology provides solutions for current challenges in pharmacy, medicine and biology. ...

Synthetic biology technology could lead to new antibiotics, modified protein-generators. Synthetic biology researchers at Northwestern University, working with partners at Harvard Medical School, have for the first time synthesized ribosomes -- cell structures responsible for generating all proteins and enzymes in our bodies -- from scratch in a test tube.. Others have previously tried to synthesize ribosomes from their constituent parts, but the efforts have yielded poorly functional ribosomes under conditions that do not replicate the environment of a living cell. In addition, attempts to combine ribosome synthesis and assembly in a single process have failed for decades.. Michael C. Jewett, a synthetic biologist at Northwestern, George M. Church, a geneticist at Harvard Medical School, and colleagues recently took another approach: they mimicked the natural synthesis of a ribosome, allowing natural enzymes of a cell to help facilitate the man-made construction.. The technology could lead to ...

The broader move in tech stocks may have also helped XELA this year. The company offers business process automation to a customer base of 4,000 businesses across 50 countries. This has added to Exelas progress over the last year. In its last quarterly update, the company reported significant revenue growth, year-over-year. Operating income for the third quarter was $4.8 million. This didnt even compare to the operating loss of $93.9 million in the third quarter of 2019. The year-over-year increase in operating income was attributable to several operational changes. While some uncertainty related to the pandemic still remains, we continue to execute well against our plan for value creation in this current environment. Our sequential margin expansion, improving cash flow, and rising liquidity in the third quarter is further evidence of our progress, said Ronald Cogburn, Chief Executive Officer of Exela, in response to these results. Finally, Synthetic Biologics woke up in a big way this year. ...

Increased dividends Digital Realty Tr .73 from .68 Group 1 Automotive .14 from .13 Noranda Aluminum .04 from .03 Scripps Netwks Intact .12 from .10 Announced spinoff Atlas Energy-0.1021 of a share of Atlas Resource Partners Declared stock splits Alaska Air Group 2-for-1 Stock splits this week Market Vectors Biotech 3-1 Market Vectors Bank & Brokerage 2-1 Market Vectors Oil Services 3-1 Market Vectors Pharmaceuticals 2-1 Market Vectors Retail 3-1 Spirit Air 1.43 vs 2.72 Realty Income Corp 7.375pc pfD Mar. 1 Acquired by private equity Campus Crest Communities 8pc pfA Realty Income Corp 6.625pc pfF Constellation Energy Partners LLC NASDAQ Global and Global Select Markets Stocks removed from trading NASDAQ Global and Global Select Markets Blue Coat Systems Inc Northern States Financial Corp Shanda Interactive Entertainment Synovis Life Technologies Inc Adeona Pharmaceuticals Inc to Synthetic Biologics Inc

This creative convergence sounds exciting but scientific advance and technological innovation do not come without some risks, so it is important to tackle concerns early to maintain high levels of public and investor confidence. Despite a federal investment of $1.5 billion in nanotechnology research and development in 2008, the amount devoted to understanding environmental, health and safety impacts is still a small fraction (below 4 percent). It is unclear how much is being spent on addressing the potential risks of synthetic biology, but the numbers and the strategy need to be openly debated and soon. Navigating the shoals of public opinion around synthetic biology will be much more difficult than nanotechnology. The public and the press, especially in Europe, will view synthetic biology through the lens created by the debate over genetically modified organisms, and some recent research shows that the American public may be highly suspicious of scientists creating novel genetic code (10, 11, 12 ...

Characterization of BBa_F2620, an engineered cell-cell communication device Anna Labno, Barry Canton, Drew Endy Division of Biological Engineering, MIT Current research in synthetic biology aims to enable the design and construction of living organisms in the manner that we now engineer electrical, mechanical, and other systems. To facilitate design of higher-order systems, we need to be able to predict the behavior of a system from the characteristics of the components that might comprise it. Thus, designing and using a methodology for characterizing the performance of biological parts and devices is central to the future success of biological engineering. Here, we engineered a cell-cell communication device, BBa_F2620, based on parts from the quorum sensing system of Vibrio fischeri [1]. BBa_F2620 is a receiver device that responds to the concentration of a small signaling molecule (AHL) in the media by modulating the transcription rate that is output from the device. To begin to ...

Our research focuses on the development and use of synthetic biology tools to scrutinize the biology of the biospheres most abundant protein, the photosynthetic CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase). The research provides training in molecular biology, protein engineering (directed evolution), enzyme kinetics, biochemistry, plastome transformation, tissue culture, measuring leaf photosynthesis and plant growth.

In Michigan, scientists at Michigan State University developed synthetic biology tools to co-produce high-value compounds in plants. The new tools allow to produce both terpenoids and oil, a biofuel resource, in plant leaves. Modern applications for terpenoids range wide, from pharmaceuticals, fragrances, nutraceuticals and biopesticides, to chemical feedstocks. Terpenoids form the largest class of natural […]. Read More. ...

The research efforts of EMBB group members are focused on understanding biofilm-mediated environmental processes and harnessing the power of microbial biofilms to address environmental issues. Specifically, we use environmental/(bio)chemical engineering, microbiology, and molecular/synthetic biology tools and develop new tools to ...

Marchantia polymorpha is the best characterised liverwort plant. It is a common weed, and can grow quickly and resiliently. The relative simplicity of genetic networks in Marchantia, combined with the growing set of genetic manipulation, culture and microscopy techniques, are set to make this primitive plant a major new system for analysis and engineering.. Major benefits of working with Marchantia are: ...

Recent years have seen a remarkable increase in the nonnatural production of terpenoids by the microbial route. This is due to advancements in synthetic biology tools and techniques, which have overcome the challenges associated with the nonnative production of terpenoids from microbial hosts. ...

We present a methodology for the design, construction and modification of synthetic gene networks. This method emphasizes post-assembly modification of constructs based on network behavior, thus facilitating iterative design strategies and rapid tuni

In a DER SPIEGEL interview, genetic scientist Craig Venter discusses the 10 years he spent sequencing the human genome, why we have learned so little from it a decade on and the potential for mass production of artificial life forms that could be used to produce fuels and other resources.. SPIEGEL: Mr. Venter, when the elite among gene researchers undertook the decoding of the human genome, you were their greatest enemy. They called you Frankenstein, blood sucker, Darth Venter and even asshole. Why do you attract so much hostility?. Venter: Well, nobody likes to be beaten -- by superior intelligence, planning and technology. That gets people upset.. SPIEGEL: Every area of science is competitive. But it doesnt lead to that kind of hostility in all areas.. Venter: The human genome project was completely different, it was supposed to be the biggest thing in the history of biological sciences. Billions in government funding for a single project -- we had never seen anything like that before ...

Synthetic biology is the design and construction of new biological entities such as enzymes, genetic circuits, and cells, or the redesign of existing biological systems. The field builds upon advances in molecular, cell, and systems biology and seeks to transform biology.. The element that distinguishes synthetic biology from traditional molecular and cellular biology is the focus on the design and construction of core components that can be modeled, understood, and tuned to meet specific performance criteria, and the assembly of these smaller parts and devices into larger integrated systems that solve specific problems. The focus of SynBERC is to make biology easier to engineer, says SynBERC director Jay Keasling, professor of chemical engineering and bioengineering. SynBERC will construct the biological components that will allow engineers to build biological solutions to important societal problems, such as the environmentally friendly production of chemicals using microbes, or replacing ...

A colored scanning electronic micrograph of synthesized Mycoplasma mycoides, bacteria with a genome containing one million base pairs. Now scientists have created an E.coli genome four times larger.. After some preliminary experiments, he and his colleagues designed a modified version of the E. coli genome on a computer that only required 61 codons to produce all of the amino acids the organism needs.. Instead of requiring six codons to make serine, this genome used just four. It had two stop codons, not three. In effect, the researchers treated E. coli DNA as if it were a gigantic text file, performing a search-and-replace function at over 18,000 spots.. Now the researchers had a blueprint for a new genome four million base pairs long. They could synthesize the DNA in a lab, but introducing it into the bacteria - essentially substituting synthetic genes for those made by evolution - was a daunting challenge.. The genome was too long and too complicated to force into a cell in one attempt. ...

Karl Brune, leading the work in Professor Mark Howarths lab in Oxfords Department of Biochemistry explained: Current techniques to develop VLP-based vaccines take time and do not always work. Whilst getting the pathogen parts to stick to the carrier VLP, often problems such as misassembly or misfolding arise that make the vaccine ineffective at generating protective immunity.. This failure rate translates into high development costs in trying to create vaccines against major diseases such as malaria, HIV and cancer.. A more reliable way of assembling candidate vaccines could make them much cheaper and improve the chances of vaccines against these illnesses. A faster way of assembling vaccines may also help with the rapid development of new vaccines against unforeseen disease outbreaks., says Dr Darren Leneghan, leading the immunisation work with Dr Sumi Biswas and Professor Simon Draper in Oxfords Jenner Institute, which specialises in vaccine development.. Karl Brunes work has now ...

Biology is fast becoming an information science, with large databases and sophisticated algorithms now essential tools in the field. Allen School faculty and students collaborate with researchers in biology and medicine on a wide range of computational problems that will ultimately enable us to understand complex biological systems. The Allen School and the University of Washington are at the forefront of exciting innovations at the intersection of computation and biology to advance scientific discovery, develop new diagnostics and therapeutics, and usher in a new era of personalized medicine. Learn more about our work by visiting the pages of our individual researchers and labs and explore some of our highlighted projects below.. Also check out or work on molecular information systems, a partnership with Microsoft aimed at developing digital data storage and computing capabilities using synthetic DNA.. ...

A research study titled, Synth e tic Biology Market by Product (Oligonucleotide Synthesis, DNA Synthesis, Standardized DNA Parts, Synthetic Genes,

Installation view of Resurrecting the Sublime at Biennale Internationale Design Saint-Étienne, March 2019. Vitrines with smell diffusion, lava and limestone boulders, animations, and ambient soundscape. Left: Hibiscadelphus wilderianus Rock. Right: Orbexilum stipulatum. Photograph: Pierre Grasset.. Could we ever again smell flowers driven to extinction by humans? This is the kind of question that motivates Christina Agapakis, a synthetic biologist and Creative Director at Ginkgo Bioworks, a biotechnology company that designs microbes for industries such as the perfume and the flavour industries. Agapakis is interested in challenging the duality embedded into synthetic biology: artificial vs natural. What will this split look like in the near future when we do more genetic engineering and mess with nature? How will our idea of nature change? She decided to explore the question through an experiment that saw her collaborate with artists to bring back the smell of an extinct plant using the same ...

Professor Paul A Hoskisson is a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and Royal Academy of Engineerings research chair in engineering biology of antibiotic production, University of Strathclyde. The RSE is Scotlands National Academy, which brings great minds together to contribute to the social, cultural and economic well-being of Scotland. ...

In 2010, DARPA invested 6 million in a project called BioDesign.Wired and Popular Science have both written on this topic. Essentially, Bio-Design would override evolution and eliminate the randomness of natural evolutionary enhancement. DARPA would create molecules that bolster cell resistance to death and ultimately program cells to live indefinitely. Additionally, cells would be programmed with a kill switch. According to DARPA as stated in Wired (see: http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2010/20/pentagon-looks-to-breed-immortal-synthetic-organisms-molecular-kill-switch-included), BioDesign could be used to Develop strategies to create a synthetic organism self-destruct option to be implemented upon nefarious removal of organism. The project comes as DARPA also plans to throw 20 Million into a new synthetic biology program, and 7.5 million into increasing several decades the speed with which we sequence, analyze and functionally edit cellular genomes. Could DARPAs synthetic biology ...

In 2010, DARPA invested 6 million in a project called BioDesign.Wired and Popular Science have both written on this topic. Essentially, Bio-Design would override evolution and eliminate the randomness of natural evolutionary enhancement. DARPA would create molecules that bolster cell resistance to death and ultimately program cells to live indefinitely. Additionally, cells would be programmed with a kill switch. According to DARPA as stated in Wired (see: http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2010/20/pentagon-looks-to-breed-immortal-synthetic-organisms-molecular-kill-switch-included), BioDesign could be used to Develop strategies to create a synthetic organism self-destruct option to be implemented upon nefarious removal of organism. The project comes as DARPA also plans to throw 20 Million into a new synthetic biology program, and 7.5 million into increasing several decades the speed with which we sequence, analyze and functionally edit cellular genomes. Could DARPAs synthetic biology ...

The overall goal of my thesis research is to produce four-carbon alcohols such as 1-butanol and 2,3-butanediol, and isobutanol as advanced biofuels and chemicals from microorganisms through metabolic engineering, systems biology, and synthetic biology approaches. Biobutanol is an attractive renewable biofuel and intermediate chemical that has been produced from the ABE (acetone-butanol-ethanol) fermentation by solventogenic clostridia such as Clostridium beijerinckii. Although the ABE fermentation is considered as a promising process for butanol production, current drawbacks in the ABE fermentation include low titer, yield, and productivity of solvent production that needs to be improved to achieve an economically viable process. Therefore, the first goal of my thesis study was to improve the ABE fermentation by C. beijerinckii for production of butanol and its derivatives. This first objective involved four approaches. First, optimization of ABE fermentation condition was conducted to maximize ...

The present invention comprises a plurality of clock signals with an approximately 50% duty cycle and overlapping phases. The phases of the plurality of clocks are such that the phase of an individual clock signal overlaps the phase of an earlier clock signal by an amount equal to the overlap of the phase of the next clock signal. The present invention further comprises a plurality of clocked precharge (CP) logic gates coupled in series. An individual CP logic gate couples to an individual clock signal though the CP logic gates evaluate device. For the data flow through the individual CP logic gate, the logic gate receives its data input from an earlier CP logic gate in the series and passes to the next CP logic gate in the series. The earlier CP logic gate couples to an earlier phase clock signal, and the next CP logic gate couples to the next phase clock signal. The present invention additionally provides that a logic gate may only feed another

Generation of a large family of genetic logic gates for applications in biosensing and information processing.. Funded by BBSRC.. Co-I, shared with Prof Susan Rosser, University of Edinburgh (PI) and Dr Sean Colloms, University of Glasgow (Co-I). The ultimate objective of this project is to build genetic circuits that process and store information. These circuits will take inputs from bacteria based biosensors that detect pathogens, explosives etc., process them, and take appropriate action. Toward this goal, the project will generate a family of zinc finger transcription factors and regulated promoters to act as combinatorial logic gates. The output of these logic gates can be different fluorescence signals. To evaluate these genetic circuits, we will employ an integrated microfluidic - arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) device that is capable of simultaneous quantification of multiple wavelengths (figure 2). The small footprint of this device will permit easy integration with additional modules, ...

Understanding the physical basis of enzyme catalysis is critical for deciphering the physiological function of enzymes, and for driving developments in contemporary areas of research, including de novo enzyme design for biotechnology and synthetic biology applications. The increasing knowledge of enzyme structure and mechanisms has led to a shift in the production of fine chemicals from traditional synthetic methods to more environmentally friendly and sustainable approaches. One of the most widely employed chemical reaction in industry for which biocatalytic routes are greatly explored is the asymmetric reduction of activated C=C bonds, which can be catalysed by members of the Old Yellow Enzyme family of ene-reductases. One such member is pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase (PETNR), a flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent enzyme that uses NADPH (and, less efficiently, NADH) as ancillary hydride donor. Previous kinetic studies of PETNR have inferred that quantum mechanical tunnelling and fast ...

A molecular logic gate is a molecule that performs a logical operation based on one or more physical or chemical inputs and a single output. The field has advanced from simple logic systems based on a single chemical or physical input to molecules capable of combinatorial and sequential operations such as arithmetic operations i.e. moleculators and memory storage algorithms. For logic gates with a single input, there are four possible output patterns. When the input is 0, the output can be either a 0 or 1. When the input is 1, the output can again be 0 or 1. The four output bit patterns that can arise corresponds to a specific logic type: PASS 0, YES, NOT and PASS 1. PASS 0 always outputs 0, whatever the input. PASS 1 always outputs 1, whatever the input. YES outputs a 1 when the input is 1 and NOT is the inverse YES - it outputs a 0 when the input is 1. An example of a YES logic gate is the molecular structure shown below. A 1 output is given only when sodium ions are present in solution (1 ...

Download Logic Gate Simulator for free. Logic Gate Simulator is an open-source tool for experimenting with and learning about logic gates. Features include drag-and-drop gate layout and wiring, and user created integrated circuits.

Looking for online definition of artificial life in the Medical Dictionary? artificial life explanation free. What is artificial life? Meaning of artificial life medical term. What does artificial life mean?

Unaffordable healthcare. Unsustainable fuels and industrial chemicals. Environmental pollution. Lack of sufficient food supplies for a rapidly growing population.. There is one thing each of these pressing, real-world problems has in common: their potential solution.. Synthetic biology, a novel branch of science that enables the design and construction of biological parts, devices, and systems as well as the redesign of natural biological systems, is beginning to emerge with innovative solutions to these global challenges. But technology has always raised concerns about safety, including at the dawn of the biotech revolution when numerous naysayers raised fears of dire consequences that never materialized.. Synthetic biology is not proving immune to this common challenge. Because this emerging discipline works with the most elemental properties of life, it raises serious questions about who is doing the work, under what conditions, and under what supervision?. Regulation is one way to foster ...

Date Published: July 6, 2015. Publisher: Public Library of Science. Author(s): Anna Coll, Mandy L. Wilson, Kristina Gruden, Jean Peccoud, Martina Stromvik.. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132502. Abstract. Plant synthetic biology requires software tools to assist on the design of complex multi-genic expression plasmids. Here a vector design strategy to express genes in plants is formalized and implemented as a grammar in GenoCAD, a Computer-Aided Design software for synthetic biology. It includes a library of plant biological parts organized in structural categories and a set of rules describing how to assemble these parts into large constructs. Rules developed here are organized and divided into three main subsections according to the aim of the final construct: protein localization studies, promoter analysis and protein-protein interaction experiments. The GenoCAD plant grammar guides the user through the design while allowing users to customize vectors according to their needs. ...

Protein engineering involves the modification of proteins and peptides in order to produce new molecules with novel traits or functions. Metabolic engineering refers to the characterization and improvement of networks of enzymes to obtain desired new goals. And research in Synthetic Biology aims to design and create non-natural biological systems. These pursuits can be used to bring about new solutions to problems in biotechnology, nanotechnology, biomedical engineering, bioprocess engineering, environmental applications, and bioenergy research.. Research in the Banta Lab has several areas of focus. The lab has been engineering a unique beta-roll peptide sequence that can transition from an unfolded-state to a folded-state upon addition of calcium. This leads to a variety of useful applications including protein hydrogel formation, protein purification, and more recently, biomolecular recognition. In another protein engineering project, his group has engineered just about every aspect of a ...

Biocomputing uses molecular biology parts as the hardware to implement computational devices. By following pre-defined rules, often hard-coded into biological systems, these devices are able to process inputs and return outputs-thus computing information. Key to the success of any biocomputing endeavor is the availability of a wealth of molecular tools and biological motifs from which functional devices can be assembled. Synthetic biology is a fabulous playground for such purpose, offering numerous genetic parts that allow for the rational engineering of genetic circuits that mimic the behavior of electronic functions, such as logic gates. A grand challenge, as far as biocomputing is concerned, is to expand the molecular hardware available beyond the realm of genetic parts by tapping into the host metabolism. This objective requires the formalization of the interplay of genetic constructs with the rest of the cellular machinery. Furthermore, the field of metabolic engineering has had little intersection

A team of UW students took home the top prize in the Health and Medicine category this month at the International Genetically Engineered Machine competition.. The teams winning creation is a bacterium that has been modified to seek out and destroy anthrax. Built last summer by UW undergraduates, it is now being tested in Maryland by the U.S. Armys Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases.. These results represent that the UW is becoming a powerhouse in this field, says graduate student adviser Justin Siegel, a doctoral student in biochemistry.. The UW tied for the health prize with a team from the University of Freiburg in Germany. This year 139 teams traveled to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology campus for the contest, many from Europe and Asia. The UW and MIT were the only two American schools to win category-specific awards.. Eric Klavins, a UW assistant professor of electrical engineering, has been involved with the UW team since it began three years ago. The growth of ...

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Rumors have surfaced that Samsung Electronics will adopt a metal-alloy chassis for the Galaxy S5, its new flagship smartphone to be unveiled in late February 2014, with Catcher Technology, Ju Teng International and BYD identified as chassis suppliers. However, Taiwan-based chassis makers have commented that the rumors are unlikely because no makers have started mass production of metal-alloy chassis for Samsung.

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The first example of a molecular logic gate based on selenourea/anion host-guest interaction that performs a ternary logic operation using an 1H-NMR easy to read response output is described here. Selenoureas are very versatile receptors for anion binding, capable of forming both mono- and bi-coordinated add Chemosensors and Molecular Logic

Wistron plans to cooperate with a chassis player, which will be the companys third chassis partner, in the first quarter of 2012 to establish a joint venture to develop a new chassis material for ultrabooks, according to a Chinese-language Apple Daily report citing Robert Hwang, president of Wistron.

Dive into the research topics of Simultaneous multichannel wavelength multicasting and XOR logic gate multicasting for three DPSK signals based on four-wave mixing in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

LESSON PLAN I. Objectives At the end of the lesson, 80% should be able to: A. Differentiate the three basic logic gates B. Construct truth tables for each

Our group works on computational principles of how the brain processes information. We are interested in how sensory processing in the brain is shaped by the animals need to create robust and parsimonious representations of events in the outside world. There is a focus on understanding how invariant feature selectivity is achieved in cortex. We also explore the role of statistics of natural stimuli, noise, and irregularities of biological circuits in shaping the underlying neural computations. Our approaches are often derived from methods in statistical physics, mathematics, and information theory.. ...

Regardless of the optimization method used, model parameter optimization requires a measure for the goodness of model neuron or network activity, i.e. for how well the model produces the desired electrical activity pattern. As an alternative to maximizing the goodness of a model, parameter optimization methods can also minimize the difference between the models activity and the biological target activity as measured by a distance or error function. Because both strategies are in use, this article does not distinguish between maximizing a goodness measure or minimizing an error measure and uses the two optimization strategies interchangeably. The choice of goodness or error measure depends on the purpose of the model neuron or network and can have significant influence on the results and success of model parameter optimization. Examples of goodness or error measures are: ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Synthetic redesign of plant lipid metabolism. AU - Haslam, Richard P.. AU - Sayanova, Olga. AU - Kim, Hae Jin. AU - Cahoon, Edgar B.. AU - Napier, Johnathan A.. PY - 2016/7/1. Y1 - 2016/7/1. N2 - Plant seed lipid metabolism is an area of intensive research, including many examples of transgenic events in which oil composition has been modified. In the selected examples described in this review, progress towards the predictive manipulation of metabolism and the reconstitution of desired traits in a non-native host is considered. The advantages of a particular oilseed crop, Camelina sativa, as a flexible and utilitarian chassis for advanced metabolic engineering and applied synthetic biology are considered, as are the issues that still represent gaps in our ability to predictably alter plant lipid biosynthesis. Opportunities to deliver useful bio-based products via transgenic plants are described, some of which represent the most complex genetic engineering in plants to date. ...

AB - Cell-free transcription-translation systems were originally applied towards in vitro protein production. More recently, synthetic biology is enabling these systems to be used within a systematic design context for prototyping DNA regulatory elements, genetic logic circuits and biosynthetic pathways. The Gram-positive soil bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, is an established model organism of industrial importance. To this end, we developed several B. subtilis-based cell-free systems. Our improved B. subtilis WB800N-based system was capable of producing 0.8 µM GFP, which gave a ~72x fold-improvement when compared with a B. subtilis 168 cell-free system. Our improved system was applied towards the prototyping of a B. subtilis promoter library in which we engineered several promoters, derived from the wild-type Pgrac (σA) promoter, that display a range of comparable in vitro and in vivo transcriptional activities. Additionally, we demonstrate the cell-free characterisation of an inducible ...

Molecular Biology Tools. Molecular biology is a set of methods and techniques for studying biological activity at a molecular level. A key area of molecular biology is understanding...

BioVision develops and offers a wide variety of products including assay kits, antibodies, recombinant proteins & enzymes, and other innovative research tools for studying Apoptosis, Metabolism, Cell Proliferation, Cellular Stress, Cell Damage and Repair, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome, Stem Cell Biology, Gene Regulation, Signal Transduction, etc. BioVisions products are currently being sold in more than 60 countries worldwide.

Artificial Life and artificial intelligence stories refer to the notion of advanced non-human intelligence present in society. Artificial life not only refers to advanced robots with human-like characteristics, but also to self-aware artificial intelligence in other machines, sometimes touching on subjects such as sentient AI and the potential negative consequences ...

While these patents have yet to be granted, the claim shows the extent to which some synthetic biologists are testing the limits in the battle to control the fundamental building blocks of life and actual living organisms. While it is likely this specific patent applications scope will be limited to cover only bacterial cells, such a patent would still grant Venter and company an exclusive license to create synthetic fuel-producing bacteria and the tools to create such organisms. Conveniently, Venters company, Synthetic Genomics, has contracts with both Exxon Mobile and BP to produce next-generation biofuels from synthetic cells (or at least genetically engineered cells that contain synthetic DNA sequences ...

The correct functioning of cells requires the orchestration of multiple cellular processes, many of which are inherently dynamical. The conditions under which these dynamical processes entrain each other remain unclear. Here we use synthetic biology to address this question in the case of concurrent cellular oscillations. Specifically, we study at the single-cell level the interaction between the cell division cycle and a robust synthetic gene oscillator in Escherichia coli. Our results suggest that cell division is able to partially entrain the synthetic oscillations under normal growth conditions, by driving the periodic replication of the genes involved in the oscillator. Coupling the synthetic oscillations back into the cell cycle via the expression of a key regulator of chromosome replication increases the synchronization between the two periodic processes. A simple computational model allows us to confirm this effect ...

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The T7 bacteriophage RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) serves as a model for understanding RNA synthesis, as a tool for protein expression, and as an actuator for synthetic gene circuit design in bacterial cells and cell-free extract. T7 RNAP is an attractive tool for orthogonal protein expression in bacteria owing to its compact single subunit structure and orthogonal promoter specificity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying T7 RNAP regulation is important to the design of engineered T7-based transcription factors, which can be used in gene circuit design. To explore regulatory mechanisms for T7 RNAP-driven expression, we developed a rapid and cost-effective method to characterize engineered T7-based transcription factors using cell-free protein synthesis and an acoustic liquid handler. Using this method, we investigated the effects of the tetracycline operators proximity to the T7 promoter on the regulation of T7 RNAP-driven expression. Our results reveal a mechanism for regulation that functions ...

Last year, scientists managed to use the bacteria Escherichia coli to solve a mathematical problem, described in this research. This year, the building blocks of a computer are made.. Researchers at the UCSF School of Pharmacys Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, led by Christopher A. Voigt have just published a paper which promises to get your circuits moving. This team has been working with the same bacteria to build logic gates like the ones found in computers directly into cells, making it possible to rewire and program them. The simple logic gates used in the experiment were built into genes then inserted into E. coli cells. The logic gates then acted as the communicator between the separate strains, allowing them to be connected together. Via engadget.com. ...

The 2018 Volkswagen Transporter TDI 400 LWB is a front-wheel drive dual cab chassis that was released to the Australian market on 01/08/2017 classified as a T6 MY18. The Transporter is regarded as a pick up or cab chassis 4x2 built in Germany with prices from a dealer as a used car starting at A$34,400. The Transporter is a front-wheel drive 4 door with 5 seats, powered by a 2.0L DIESEL TURBO 4 engine that has 132 kW of power (at 4000 rpm) and 400 Nm of torque (at 1500 rpm) via a Seven-speed Auto Direct Shift. VOLKSWAGEN claims the Transporter TDI 400 LWB uses 8.4L/100km of Diesel in the combined city and highway cycle while putting out 221g of CO2. It has a 80L fuel tank, meaning it should be able to travel 952km per full tank. The Transporter measures 1963mm (77.3 inches) in height, 5292mm (208.3 inches) in length, 1904mm (75.0 inches) in width with a 3400mm (133.9 inches) wheelbase that brings about a total of 1787kg (3939.7 lbs) of unladen weight. The Transporter TDI 400 LWB comes standard with

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Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Tissue Engineering, Synthetic Biology, Proteomics, Nanomedicine & Gene/Drug Delivery, Bioimaging, Chiral and pharmaceutical engineering