Cardiovascular disease in general, and cardiac arrhythmias specifically, is common in great apes. However, the clinical significance of arrhythmias detected on short-duration electrocardiograms is often unclear. Here we describe the use of an implantable loop recorder to evaluate cardiac rhythms in 4 unanesthetized adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), 1 with a history of possible syncope and 3 with the diagnosis of multiform ventricular ectopy (ventricular premature complexes) and cardiomyopathy. The clinical significance of ventricular ectopy was defined further by using the implantable loop recorder. Arrhythmia was ruled out as a cause of collapse in the chimpanzee that presented with possible syncope because the implantable loop recorder demonstrated normal sinus rhythm during a so-called syncopal event. This description is the first report of the use of an implantable loop recorder to diagnose cardiac arrhythmias in an unanesthetized great ape species ...

Aim: This study aimed to improve diagnostic efficacy of syncope in children by analyzing the aetiology and clinical characteristics of syncope in Chinese children.. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the causes of syncope and diagnostic workup in 154 consecutive children seen in the Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, China, because of a syncope-related event.. Results: In all patients with transient loss of consciousness (TLOC), there were 136 (88.31%) patients attributing to syncope, and 18 (11.69%) belonging to nonsyncopal cases. Neurally mediated syncope (NMS) was the most common cause of syncope (99 cases; 64.3%), with cardiac causes ranking second (10 cases; 6.5%). Other nonsyncopal causes included psychiatric problems and neurological and metabolic disorders. In 25 cases (16.2%), the cause was uncertain. Cases of NMS often had clear inducement of syncope and prodromes. Children with cardiac syncope often had a history of cardiac disease, were often younger than ...

Background: Syncope, defined as a transient loss of consciousness with a complete recovery, is a common ED presentation. There are numerous causes of syncope ranging from the relatively benign (eg vasovagal syncope) to the potentially life-threatening (eg dysrhythmia, ectopic pregnancy, aortic dissection). Among the life-threatening diagnoses is pulmonary embolism (PE). PE is a common cause of sudden, unexpected, non-traumatic death and, syncope in the setting of PE portends poor 30-day outcomes (Roncon 2018). What is not well known is how often ED presentations of syncope are the result of PE. A study in 2016 demonstrated a 17.3% rate of PE in first time syncope presenting to the ED but, had numerous significant biases and limitations (Prandoni 2016). Ultimately, this study is unlikely to reflect the reality of ED syncope cases and lacks external validity. Incorporating the PESIT trial data into clinical assessment would lead to a profound increase in PE evaluation without adding significant ...

Syncope is a common medical problem, with a frequency between 15% and 39%. In the general population, the annual number episodes are 18.1-39.7 per 1000 patients, with similar incidence between genders. The first report of the incidence of syncope is 6.2 per 1000 person-years. However, there is a significant increase in the incidence of syncope after 70 years of age with rate annual 19.5 per thousand individuals after 80 years. It presents a recurrence rate of 35% and 29% of physical injury. Among the causes of syncope, the mediated neural reflex, known as neurocardiogenic or vasovagal syncope, is the most frequent. The others are of cardiac origin, orthostatic hypotension, carotid sinus hypersensitivity, neurological and endocrinological causes and psychiatric disorders. The diagnosis of syncope can be made by clinical method associated with the electrocardiogram in up 50% of patients. Its prognosis is determined by the underlying etiology specifically the presence and severity of cardiac disease. The

Syncope is a transient loss of consciousness, associated with an inability to maintain postural tone, followed by rapid and spontaneous recovery with the absence of clinical features specific for another form of transient loss of consciousness such as an epileptic seizure.1 Although in the pediatric age group it accounts for less than 1% of emergency department visits, 15% to 50% of children will have experienced a syncopal episode by age 18 years.2 The etiology of syncope in children is generally benign. Syncope can, however, be a manifestation of serious underlying pathology and always warrants careful evaluation. Unlike the adult population, in which syncope often results from malignant cardiac arrhythmias, in the pediatric population it is more often secondary to neurally mediated causes and is therefore discussed in this section on neurologic emergencies.2 An extensive workup for syncope is usually unnecessary. All children presenting to the ED with syncope should have a detailed history, ...

The main conclusion of this prospective study is that in patients with adenosine-sensitive syncope, the mechanism of syncope is heterogeneous, although bradycardia is the most frequent finding. The causal relationship between ATP-induced AV block and syncope due to paroxysmal AV block is weak. Atrioventricular block induced by ATP predicts AV block as the mechanism of spontaneous syncope in only a few tilt-negative cases.. At the time of ILR-documented syncope, about half of the patients showed long pauses, and two-thirds had severe bradycardia. Sinus arrest or bradycardia was more frequent in patients who had an associated positive response during tilt testing. This finding is consistent with that observed in a previous study in patients with tilt-positive syncope (8). The finding of progressive sinus bradycardia frequently followed by sinus arrest has been regarded as highly suggestive of a neurally mediated mechanism. The association between AV block and sinus arrest, as in Patient no. 4, ...

The Apache Syncope team is pleased to announce the release of Syncope 2.0.13 Apache Syncope is an Open Source system for managing digital identities in enterprise environments, implemented in Java EE technology . The release will be available within 24h from: http://syncope.apache.org/downloads.html Read the full change log available here: https://s.apache.org/syncope2013 Upgrading from 2.0.12? There are some notes about this process: https://s.apache.org/8U9F We welcome your help and feedback. For more information on how to report problems, and to get involved, visit the project website at http://syncope.apache.org/ The Apache Syncope Team ...

Method and systems are directed to acquiring and organizing information associated with at least one syncope event. A syncope event may be a suspected syncope event, a verified syncope event or a syncope event that is suspected and verified. Automated processes are used to collect information associated with at least one syncope event and organize the information as a syncope log entry. At least one of acquiring the information and organizing the information is performed at least in part implantably.

Method and systems are directed to acquiring and organizing information associated with at least one syncope event. A syncope event may be a suspected syncope event, a verified syncope event or a syncope event that is suspected and verified. Automated processes are used to collect information associated with at least one syncope event and organize the information as a syncope log entry. At least one of acquiring the information and organizing the information is performed at least in part implantably.

Syncope is one of the most important causes of transient loss of consciousness, and is such a common event that it may be encountered by practitioners in virtually any field of medicine. As such, a broad spectrum of healthcare professionals may be involved in its assessment and management. Edited by distinguished individuals whose pioneering work in syncope highlights careers devoted to improving patient care, this book provides: • Succinct, practical and up-to-date guidance on the optimal clinical evaluation and treatment of patients with syncope and transient loss of consciousness in a multidisciplinary framework • Evidence-based recommendations founded on comprehensive literature review and extensive clinical experience by expert contributors • Meaningful clinical tips for appropriate use of guidelines in clinical practice • Key recent citations Building on the European Society of Cardiology Syncope Guidelines, this book provides a clear evaluation of the latest

Syncope (temporary loss of consciousness) is a frequent reason for an emergency department (ED) visit among older adults. The current ED evaluation of syncope frequently leads to hospitalization, results in low diagnostic yield, and is enormously costly. The purpose of this protocol is to improve risk prediction for syncope. Improved risk prediction will inform the design of interventions to safely reduce unnecessary health service use.. This is a multi-center, prospective, observational cohort study of older (age≥60 years) adults who present to an emergency department with syncope (otherwise known as fainting). The primary outcome is a composite of 30-day cardiac death and serious cardiac events.. Study Aims and Hypotheses are:. Specific Aim 1. Describe serious outcomes after unexplained syncope; rates and reasons for admission; and frequency, diagnostic yield, and therapeutic impact of inpatient diagnostic tests.. H1: Current patterns of care representing a diversity of practice settings and ...

As most syncope is not caused by electrical problems in the heart, but rather is from vasovagal syncope, or from orthostatic hypotension, it should be apparent that electrocardiograms as well as related tests in all syncope patients will frequently be normal. One would expect from the prevalence of arrhythmia and other cardiac problems in the ED, the positive rate should be roughly 20%. Presumably the prevalence is higher in groups selected to be of higher risk -- i.e. those with recurrent syncope of unknown origin. That being said, cardiac causes of syncope can be lethal and nearly everyone agrees that a routine ECG is often helpful in identifying abnormalities of rhythm, conduction or morphology of the heart electrical activity that give a clue as to the underlying etiology of the syncope. Here the cost of the test (Medicare pays about $60 for an EKG) is low, and the potential benefit of detection of a potentially lethal condition is high. Recording a subset of the ECG during the spell can ...

The Particulars: When evaluating patients with syncope, ischemia is an important consideration, particularly among the elderly. Few studies have been conducted to analyze the potential benefits of PCI among older syncope patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).. Data Breakdown: Patients aged 65 and older with CAD undergoing cardiac catheterization for syncope were assessed in a study. Participants were divided into those who received PCI or those who did not in order to compare long-term risks of mortality, heart attack, or stroke (MACE) and late revascularization. No significant differences were seen in risks of MACE between the two groups. However, the risk of revascularization was higher in older patients with syncope who received PCI.. Take Home Pearls: Among older syncope patients with obstructive CAD, those who undergo PCI appear to have similar cardiovascular outcomes as those who do not receive the procedure. However, those undergoing PCI had higher risks of late ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Characteristics of Syncope Admissions among Hospitals of Varying Teaching Intensity. AU - Ellenbogen, Michael. AU - Brotman, Daniel. AU - Lee, Jungwha. AU - Koloms, Kimberly. AU - OLeary, Kevin J.. PY - 2019/3/1. Y1 - 2019/3/1. N2 - Objectives Previous work suggests that hospitals teaching status is correlated with readmission rates, cost of care, and mortality. The degree to which teaching status is associated with the management of syncope has not been studied extensively. We sought to characterize the relation between teaching status and inpatient syncope management. Methods We created regression models to characterize the relation between teaching status and cardiac ischemic evaluations (cardiac catheterization and/or stress test) during syncope admissions. Admissions with a primary diagnosis of syncope in Maryland and Kentucky between 2007 and 2014 were included. Results The dataset included 71,341 syncope admissions at 151 hospitals. Overall, 15% of patients had an ...

Objective: To determine the proportion of patients with syncope of unknown etiology who have a positive response to upright tilt testing and to determine the specificity of this test as a marker for vasodepressor syncope.. ▪ Design: Comparison of upright tilt testing with isoproterenol in patients with syncope of unknown etiology and in controls.. ▪ Setting: Outpatient clinics of a tertiary care center.. ▪ Patients: A total of 20 patients with syncope of unknown etiology and 40 controls matched by age, sex, and lack of underlying cardiovascular or other diseases had upright tilt testing with isoproterenol infusion. Controls consisted of two groups (groups I and II) who had slightly different methods of tilt testing in conjunction with isoproterenol.. ▪ Interventions: Upright tilt testing at 80 degrees from horizontal was done for up to 15 minutes. If end points were not reached, infusion of isoproterenol was started at 1 µg/min and increased with graded increments in infusion rates up ...

The technician will give you specific instructions on how to set up the Loop recorder monitor at home. ILRs can be active for up to 3-4 years, at which time you can choose to remove or leave the device under the skin.. A copy of the procedure and subsequent checks of the device information will be sent to your referring doctor and copies placed in your medical history.. Implantable loop recorders are routinely checked every 6 months. Peninsula Heart Centre will notify you if there are any heart rate or rhythm issues detected during the period of monitoring thereafter. ...

This device may be used for patients who suffered from cryptogenic stroke (strokes of undetermined etiology or cause). The blockage of an artery in the brain by a clot (thrombosis) is the most common cause of a stroke. Heart arrhythmias are the leading cause of thrombosis leading to stroke. Unfortunately some patients may have silent, or asymptomatic arrhythmias that occur infrequently and are otherwise extremely difficult to diagnose on a routine Holter monitor or a 30 day event monitor. Although these arrhythmias may be infrequent and asymptomatic they can still lead to a stroke. Other patients have fainting spells secondary to abnormal heart rhythm (bradycardias or tachycardias) that also occurred infrequently and are short lasting, but may be enough to lead to syncope or passing out. These patients may also benefit from prolonged monitoring using a ILR.. An implantable loop recorder (ILR) is a very small heart-monitoring device that records your heart rhythm continuously and may last for up ...

Primary cause of death in patients under chronic hemodialysis is Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) (25% of all cause mortality). SCD is mainly due to cardiac arrhythmias (conduction disturbances or ventricular arrhythmias). These cardiac arrhythmias are highly sensitive to hydro-electrolytic disorders which are extremely frequent in patients under hemodialysis. In addition, other conditions leading to cardiac arrhythmias are frequent in this population such as ischemic myocardiopathy or dilated myocardiopathy. However, so far, little is known about the occurrence of arrhythmias because of studies using only standard Holter monitoring (24 to 48 hours monitoring at best).. The investigators sought to evaluate the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias by using an implantable loop recorder (ILR)(Reveal XT, Medtronic) that allows continuous rhythm monitoring for 24 months. This ILR will be implanted under local anesthesia.. Clinical follow-up will be performed during hemodialysis and rhythm management will be ...

An implantable loop recorder (ILR), also known as an insertable cardiac monitor, is a small device about the size of a pack of chewing gum or USB memory stick that is implanted just under the skin of the chest for cardiac monitoring (that is, to record the hearts electrical activity). The ILR monitors the electrical activity of the heart, continuously storing information in its circular memory (the loop of the name) as electrocardiograms (ECGs). Abnormal activity such as arrhythmia (irregular heartbeats) is recorded by freezing a segment of the memory for later review. Typically, up to three episodes of abnormal activity can be stored, with the most recent episode replacing the oldest. Recording can be activated in two ways. First, recording may be activated automatically according to heart rate ranges previously defined and set in the ILR by the physician. If the heart rate drops below, or rises above, the set rates, the ILR will record without the patients knowledge. The second way the ...

There are 3 main types of syncope. Reflex syncope (neurocardiogenic syncope) is the most common cause of syncope in any setting, followed by syncope seconda

What Holter, Event Loop Monitoring and Implantable Loop Recorders Are For Holter and event loop monitors are used to help detect a heart rhythm problem, such as a heart beat that is too fast, too slow or irregular. Holter monitors are portable devices that track your heart rhythm constantly for several days. The data it […]

The list of possible causes of syncope is extensive, but a good medical history can help eliminate the majority of them. The patients age, heart rate, family history, medical conditions and medications are key in identifying the cause. If syncope is accompanied by convulsions (known as tonic-clonic movements), it may have been precipitated by a seizure. If it occurs upon exertion, a serious cardiac condition may be preventing the heart from keeping up with the demands of the physical activity; chest pain may be associated with this type of syncope. If standing up quickly results in syncope, that points to a cause known as orthostatic hypotension. And pain, fear, urination, defecation, eating, coughing or swallowing may cause a variation of the condition known as reflex syncope ...

A 45-year old normotensive, euglycaemic, non-smoker was referred from a peripheral hospital to the Cardiology unit of the University College Hospital, Nigeria for evaluation of recurrent exercise induced syncope. Initial 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), 24-hr ambulatory ECG, trans-thoracic echocardiogram and electroencephalogram (EEG) were normal. A repeat episode of syncope warranted further investigation. Immediate post syncope ECG showed deeply inverted symmetrical T waves in the anterior leads. He underwent coronary angiogram which revealed distal left main disease and 70-80% stenosis of the proximal Left Anterior Descending artery (LAD). The Circumflex artery was non dominant with normal Right Coronary artery. He subsequently had Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) of the LAD. Post-revascularisation course has been satisfactory with no recurrence of syncope. In view of the rising trend of cardiac death in the country, there is the need for high index of suspicion in making

Vasodepressor syncope in the largest biology dictionary online. Free learning resources for students covering all major areas of biology.

MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALLINFANZIA - Trauma and syncope: Which relationship do they share? ( Syncope is commonly deemed as a general clinical symptom that might connote different or-ganic and functional clinical pictures. Yet, remarks on nature and structure of associations between subjective emotional life, psychological distress, and syncope have fuelled a debate on potential causal implications of early exposure to distressing and/or traumatic events on early occurrence and recurrence of organic or psychogenic syncopal spells. The present work aims at providing an introductory overview on syncopal and psychogenic pseudosyncopal events and at discussing potential links between affective reactions, traumatic experiences, and occurrence of syncope symptomatology in the life-span. Finally, an interpretative model linking syncope as a shut-down reaction to overwhelming affective-laden situations is intro-duced and discussed.)

Project: http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/syncope/repo Commit: http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/syncope/commit/30360932 Tree: http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/syncope/tree/30360932 Diff: http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/syncope/diff/30360932 Branch: refs/heads/master Commit: 303609324796e861344d8b2908cc7771b5d5a902 Parents: 58378e1 Author: Francesco Chicchiriccò ,[email protected], Authored: Thu Oct 13 16:47:22 2016 +0200 Committer: Francesco Chicchiriccò ,[email protected], Committed: Thu Oct 13 16:57:40 2016 +0200 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- pom.xml , 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/syncope/blob/30360932/pom.xml ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/pom.xml b/pom.xml index 3aefd96..b792210 100644 --- a/pom.xml +++ b/pom.xml @@ -1627,7 +1627,7 @@ ...

To the Editor:. With interest we have read the article by Flammang et al.1 In their well-designed, controlled trial, they show convincing evidence that cardiac pacing in individuals with syncope of unknown origin (SUO) and a positive adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) test results in fewer recurrences of syncope than those who do not receive pacing. The ATP test thus seems to be a promising additive diagnostic tool to guide the decision for pacemaker implantation.. Their study was based on a relatively small number of 88 patients with SUO who had a positive ATP test, of whom 80 patients were randomized. Patients were ineligible if they had an implantable pacemaker or defibrillator, a first-degree atrioventricular block or other sinus or atrioventricular node conduction disorder, carotid sinus hypersensitivity, or diabetes mellitus. Patients with SUO with a negative ATP test were excluded. The selection process in this study raises questions. For example, it is not clear to us why 24% of the ...

Syncope is a sudden transient loss of consciousness with a loss of postural tone, typically with an immediate return to baseline afterwards. This is a common ED presentation. Causes are typically benign, however there are some killers that can hide in these presentations. History, physical and ECG are your key diagnostic modalities. The final common pathway resulting in syncope is bilateral cortical dysfunction and/or brainstem dysfunction (esp reticular activating system, secondary to hypoperfusion. Loss of consciousness causes the loss of postural tone and bam, syncope. Less severe hypoperfusion can cause feelings of presyncope, which we consider to be on the same continuum of disease. There are 3 major classifications of syncope: vasovagal, orthostatic hypotension, and cardiovascular. Other general causes and mimics include seizures, hypoglycemia, toxins, metabolic derangements, hyperventilation, psychiatric causes, and some primary neurologic conditions. ...

The clinical characteristics and drug levels associated with suppression of recurrent syncope are summarized in the (Table 1). Three patients had a tumor of the neck region, and one had previously undergone neck surgery. We hypothesize that the glossopharyngeal nerve or carotid body may act as a trigger for activation of vagal afferents to the brainstem, leading to a mixed vasodepressor and vasoinhibitory response similar to that seen in patients with neurally mediated syncope and its variants. We speculate that these agents may be effective because of the inhibitory effect of carbamazepine and diphenylhydantoin on brainstem activity, although the actual level of the reflex arc affected by these drugs is not known [2, 3]. The exact mechanism by which these agents suppress the autonomic reflex involving syncope is unknown ...

This is my post in 2012, Annals of Emergency Medicine published a study this month regarding same topics.. This is a prospective cohort study on 881 patients with Pre-syncope presented at two academic EDs. this is their conclusions: Presyncope can be caused by serious underlying conditions. Emergency physicians had difficulty predicting patients at risk for serious outcomes after ED discharge.. Link to Article. ...

Background:. Syncope can be caused by serious conditions not evident during initial evaluation, which can lead to serious adverse events, including death, after disposition from the emergency department. We sought to develop a clinical decision tool to identify adult patients with syncope who are at risk of a serious adverse event within 30 days after disposition from the emergency department.. Methods:. We prospectively enrolled adults (age ≥ 16 yr) with syncope who presented within 24 hours after the event to 1 of 6 large emergency departments from Sept. 29, 2010, to Feb. 27, 2014. We collected standardized variables at index presentation from clinical evaluation and investigations. Adjudicated serious adverse events included death, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, structural heart disease, pulmonary embolism, serious hemorrhage and procedural interventions within 30 days.. Results:. We enrolled 4030 patients with syncope; the mean age was 53.6 years, 55.5% were women, and 9.5% were ...

Syncope in Children. Objectives. Understand the term syncope Differentiate the serious causes of syncope from those that are benign Know the appropriate testing needed in the evaluation of syncope based upon the presenting history. Definitions to Know. Slideshow 519802 by lynn

An arrhythmia can cause syncope in the same way that it causes lightheadedness (presyncope). Your heart cannot pump blood effectively during excessively fast or slow heart rates, reducing the amount of blood that reaches your brain. With syncope, though, the arrhythmia causes such a dramatic drop in the blood pressure that the brain doesnt receive enough blood to keep you awake. So you lose consciousness. For an arrhythmia to cause syncope, your heart rate must be extremely fast or extremely slow, or you must also have some other heart condition.. How long does syncope last?. It is important to recognize that syncope is transient, meaning that you wake up soon after fainting. Consciousness may return because the arrhythmia spontaneously stops and a normal heart rhythm and blood pressure return. Even if the arrhythmia persists, you may still regain consciousness. When you have an episode of syncope due to an arrhythmia, it typically happens while you are standing or sitting, and the loss of ...

Scoring tools exist to attempt to quantify risk in syncope and guide decisions RE admission. (Eg: San Francisco Syncope Rule) Use them with care. (Are you really going to discharge the patient with the family history of sudden cardiac death who presents with exertional syncope just because the SFSR score is 0 ...

Our results showed that echocardiography was an important initial step in the evaluation of patients with unexplained syncope and with a positive cardiac history or an abnormal ECG. When restricted to these high risk patients, echocardiography provided useful information for assessing the severity of the underlying heart disease and for risk stratification. While echocardiography showed systolic dysfunction-defined as an ejection fraction of ≤ 40%-in 27% of these patients, arrhythmias were diagnosed twice as often when the ejection fraction was low. It is known that clinical recognition of severe systolic dysfunction is unreliable,19-21 so this contribution of echocardiography can be considered important.. Recent guidelines stated that routine echocardiography in patients with syncope and no evidence of underlying cardiac disease was controversial.6 In clinical practice, however, this procedure is often ordered in patients with syncope for no obvious reason. Recchia and Barzilai found that ...

A place to share the story of Martha Bryces long journey to the correct medical diagnosis of her mysterious illness, which turned out to be a heart problem known as swallow syncope or swallowing syncope. This was the subject of a Discovery Health Channel Mystery Diagnosis episode. Our hope is to assist people with similar undiagnosed medical conditions.

Some of you will know about professional triathlete Joanna Zeigers recent troubles with syncope. Her trials and tribulations with race-related dizziness are summarized in a nice article at slowtwitch.com, Zeiger sidelined by dizziness. Her story is typical. This week and next week, well talk about the causes, medical evaluation, and treatment options for syncope.. Syncope is the medical term used to describe a brief period of loss of consciousness (either partial or complete) that is due to insufficient blood flow to the brain. This process is temporary and is followed by spontaneous recovery. Patients often use different terms such as dizziness, light-headedness, blacking out, passing out, or falling out to describe this problem. This is a common medical condition that affects approximately 3% of the population at some point during life. It is increasingly common as we age, affecting 6% of individuals over the age of 75. Its not surprising, then, that this is a fairly common ...

The Syncope Roadmaps will begin from the same starting point. There will be four destinations (probable causes) which will be known by you at the beginning of the journey.. The routes have been arbitrarily determined by the expert who begins by quickly providing background information from the past history, social history, and family history. The terrain through which you then travel is also arbitrary. It includes: timing, setting, event onset, event recovery, and other spells.. Displayed are the four syncope roadmaps in a single composite. These four disorders comprise over 90% of all causes of syncope in clinical practice. Similarities and differences are represented graphically.. Obtaining background information from the medical record or history questionnaire, should always precede talking directly to the patient. This information is always vital.. Dr. Winston uses the same approach with each patient. He begins with timing and setting, and he then goes over the event (or a typical event) ...

Dogs and cats may occasionally experience syncope (fainting). Syncope may occur for a number of different reasons. Basically, the blood pressure falls low enough that the brain doesnt receive enough oxygen, resulting in transient loss of consciousness. When dogs and cats lose consciousness, it may appear to be a seizure. Most of the time, patients will stop whatever it is they were doing, stretch out their front legs, stretch their neck and throw their head back, fall over to one side or another, and may involuntarily vocalize, urinate and/or defecate. Usually, fainting episodes are brief, lasting less than 10-20 seconds or so, and patients often recover and behave normally immediately afterward. While these episodes are frequently alarming to most pet owners, they may or may not be life-threatening. A neurologic seizure is typically associated with convulsions, paddling of the legs, clenching of the jaws and sometimes drooling. A seizure is usually followed by a period during which the animal ...

Syncope Markets technological advancements and increased demand for monitoring devices triggered the growth of Syncope Market in near future; Initial evaluation of syncope includes physical examination and electrocardiogram

Syncope is a brief loss of consciousness and muscle tone caused when not enough blood gets to the brain. Syncope is commonly called fainting. In most children, its usually harmless. But in a few children, syncope is serious. This is usually because of a heart problem, or less often a neurological problem.

Syncope is a brief loss of consciousness and muscle tone caused when not enough blood gets to the brain. Syncope is commonly called fainting. In most children, its usually harmless. But in a few children, syncope is serious. This is usually because of a heart problem, or less often a neurological problem.

Syncope is a brief loss of consciousness and muscle tone caused when not enough blood gets to the brain. Syncope is commonly called fainting. In most children, its usually harmless. But in a few children, syncope is serious. This is usually because of a heart problem, or less often a neurological problem.

Syncope is a brief loss of consciousness and muscle tone caused when not enough blood gets to the brain. Syncope is commonly called fainting. In most children, it’s usually harmless. But in a few children, syncope is serious. This is usually because of a heart problem, or less often a neurological problem.

Syncope Affects 1 million Americans each year. (1)Affects 1 million Americans each year. (1) Accounts for 3% of ED visits and 6% of hospital admissions. (1)Accounts for 3% of ED visits and 6% of hospital admissions. (1) Prevalence of syncope in general population is between 15% and 40%. (2)Prevalence of syncope in general population is between 15% and 40%. (2) 39% of medical students have

Usage in the form syncope, with the phonological meaning contraction of a word by omission of middle sounds or letters attested from the 1520s. Doublets of said syncope with the form syncopis and sincopin, both from the Old French sincopin (faintness) (itself from Late Latin accusative syncopen), with the pathological meaning a loss of consciousness accompanied by a weak pulse, attested from the fifteenth century. Said syncopis/sincopin was relatinized to the form syncope in English in the sixteenth century, after the linguistic use of that word was already in use. The musical usage first occurs after the 1660s, following the musical usage of syncopation and syncopate. ...

Background Information: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a diagnostic challenge to providers and a significant burden on healthcare systems globally. Despite the advancement of invasive medical therapies such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) at designated cardiac catherization centers, the majority of these patients sustain poor outcomes due to hypoxic brain injury. Clinical features of neurologic injury are typically delayed until 72 hours after admission. As a result, many neuro-prognostication tools have been developed to assist with clinical decision making as well as reduce expensive futile interventions.1 Some of these neuroprognostication tools include the Cardiac Arrest Hospital Prognosis (CAHP), OHCA and Targeted Temperature Management (TTM) risk tools. Unfortunately, these are complex and time consuming, thus limiting their use in the emergency department (ED). The authors of the following study sought out to ...

During CA, 40%-100% of patients may experience CSR.10-13 In the present study, CSR occurred in 62.7% of patients undergoing CA. Most patients had cardioinhibitory CSR. Most interesting, patients with cardioinhibitory CSR showed a significantly higher risk of developing syncope compared with those with vasodepressor and mixed CSR. Syncope occurs frequently in patients undergoing CA. In fact, 16.5% of patients in our previously published series11 and 18.6% in the current study had at least 1 syncopal episode during the procedure.. In the present study, we have demonstrated that convulsive movements accompanying loss of consciousness are a common brain response to hypoxia. Accordingly, 79% of syncope was accompanied by convulsive movements such as myoclonic jerks and/or tonic spasms. Syncope accompanied by asymmetric tonic spasms could be misdiagnosed as frontal seizures. However, the absence of epileptic discharges on EEG may be of clinical aid in distinguishing this type of syncope from epileptic ...

We do not doubt that PE can be a factor in syncope, but we have concerns over possible over testing for PE among undifferentiated syncope patients secondary to the PESIT study conclusions.

Looking for online definition of vasodepressor syncope in the Medical Dictionary? vasodepressor syncope explanation free. What is vasodepressor syncope? Meaning of vasodepressor syncope medical term. What does vasodepressor syncope mean?

Simply put, neurocardiogenic syncope means fainting. When this happens, your blood pressure and heart rate drop suddenly, which causes your brain to not get enough blood and your muscles to go limp. As a result, you lose consciousness, but come back relatively quickly.. Other terms for neurocardiogenic syncope include: vasovagal syncope, vasodepressor syncope, neurally mediated hypotension, reflex syncope, and neurocardiogenic syncope. ...

Objective: To determine the frequency, age distribution and clinical presentation of carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) among 373 patients (age range 15-92 years) referred to two autonomic referral centres during a 10-year period.. Methods: Carotid sinus massage (CSM) was performed both supine and during 60° head-up tilt. Beat-to-beat blood pressure, heart rate and a three-lead electrocardiography were recorded continuously. CSH was classified as cardioinhibitory (asystole ⩾3 s), vasodepressor (systolic blood pressure fall ⩾50 mm Hg) or mixed. All patients additionally underwent autonomic screening tests for orthostatic hypotension and autonomic failure.. Results: CSH was observed in 13.7% of all patients. The diagnostic yield of CSM was nil in patients aged ,50 years (n = 65), 2.4% in those aged 50-59 years (n = 82), 9.1% in those aged 60-69 years (n = 77), 20.7% in those aged 70-79 years (n = 92) and reached 40.4% in those ,80 years (n = 57). Syncope was the leading clinical symptom in ...

Tretter J, Kavey RE. J Pediatr. 2013;163(6):1618. These authors note that cardiac and vasovagal syncope have dramatic differences in presentation, and a screening exam in the ED can accurately separate out patients who require further evaluation for a cardiac etiology. They state that cardiac referral is not necessary if vasovagal syncope is diagnosed. The authors, pediatric cardiologists at a tertiary referral center, suggest that many patients with benign syncope are referred to them for evaluation, which is not an unusual strategy for clinicians. This study compared a cardiology referral population with vasovagal syncope with those with cardiac syncope and sought to determine characteristics that indicate a cardiology evaluation is needed.. Syncope is a sudden loss of consciousness that results from markedly decreased cerebral blood flow. Recovery is rapid, back to baseline. Vasovagal reactions cause bradycardia and hypotension, and are often secondary to an exaggerated physiologic response ...

If these tests are normal, you may have a tilt table test. For this test, you lie down on a platform. Your heart rate and blood pressure are measured while you are lying down. The platform is then tilted upright. Your heart rate and blood pressure are measured again. If you have vasovagal syncope, you may faint during the upward tilt. Sometimes medicines that increase heart rate and the force of heart contractions are used to try and provoke a syncopal episode.. There are many causes of syncope. Some causes are not dangerous. In older persons, unexplained syncope can be a sign of a serious infection or a heart attack. Call 911 or seek immediate medical attention to be evaluated, especially if there has been a fall and injury with the syncope. You should not drive yourself to the hospital or emergency department after a syncopal episode for the safety of yourself or other drivers and passengers. Have someone drive you. Your provider may restrict your driving until the cause of the syncope is ...

Treatment of Syncope (commonly referred to as fainting) is a loss of consciousness that occurs when you experience a significant reduction of blood flow to your brain. Fainting is often caused by a significant drop in blood pressure or from a very slow heart rate. The result is a sudden reduction of blood flow to your brain, causing you to lose consciousness, The most common cause of fainting is due to vasovagal syncope. Vasovagal syncope is triggered by a stimulus that results in an exaggerated and inappropriate response in the part of your nervous system that regulates involuntary body functions, including heart rate and blood flow (autonomic nervous system). When some sort of stimulus triggers this exaggerated response, both your heart rate and blood pressure drop, quickly reducing blood flow to your brain and leading to loss of consciousness. A person who has fainted due to vasovagal syncope recovers quickly, usually within seconds or a few minutes, Common triggers of vasovagal syncope include

TY - JOUR. T1 - Vagoglossopharyngeal-associated syncope due to a retained bullet in the jugular foramen. AU - Link, Michael J.. AU - Driscoll, Colin L.W.. AU - Esquenazi, Yoshua. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2010. Y1 - 2010. N2 - Gunshot wounds (GSWs) to the head are frequently fatal. Rarely, the bullet may lodge in the skull base and not cause significant brain injury. Typically, the bullet fragments are felt to be inert and do not require operative extirpation if they are within the bony confines of the skull base. We report the case of a bullet in the jugular foramen causing recurrent syncope that resolved after surgical removal of the bullet. The medical records from a patient who suffered a GSW to the head were retrospectively reviewed and the treatment and outcome documented. In 2000, a 20-year-old man suffered a GSW to the head. Immediate evaluation revealed the bullet in the right skull base at the jugular foramen, but no parenchymal brain ...

The medical term, Vasovagal Syncope is certainly a mouthful to say and pronounce. If you are wondering, what this very scientific sounding phrase means it is the term that is used to refer to the most common cause of fainting.. Fainting at the Sight of Blood. Up to 15% of the population experiences a sharp drop in blood pressure at the sight of blood, which causes them to experience Vasovagal Syncope, or to faint at the sight of blood. Fainting at the sight of blood is caused by a bodys exaggerated reaction to specific triggers. The sight of blood being one of the most common triggers that causes Vasovagal Syncope.. Medical Reasons Why People Faint at the Sight of Blood. Vasovagal Syncope results when a trigger (sight of blood) causes a sudden drop in the heart rate and blood pressure, which reduces the flow of blood to the brain. The result for an individual experiencing Vasovagal Syncope is a brief loss of consciousness. The Vagus nerve is the nerve affected by the response. This nerve is ...

Vasovagal syncope is a condition that is characterized by a temporary loss of consciousness. The condition occurs when an individual is exposed to stressful or overwhelming experiences. (i.e. sight of blood, fear, overheated, etc.) The vagus nerve is responsible for sending messages from the brain to the heart and digestive tract. When this nerve becomes over stimulated, the body encounters a sudden drop in blood pressure, and consequently there is reduced blood flow to the brain and ultimately loss of consciousness.. Common symptoms of vasovagal syncope may include light-headedness, temporary loss of color vision, dizziness, weakness, and fainting. Generally, individuals who suffer from a single episode of vasovagal syncope do not have any underlining heart problems. However, if the fainting occurs frequently, it is necessary to contact a doctor to examine your personal situation further. Although there is no cure for vasovagal syncope, there are many treatment options to prevent future ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Inducible Syncope in Anorexia Nervosa. T2 - Two Case Reports. AU - Buchowski, Katherine P.. AU - Pardo, Jennifer. AU - Ringel, Richard. AU - Guarda, Angela S.. PY - 2004/4/1. Y1 - 2004/4/1. N2 - Objective: Syncope is a potentially dangerous symptom of anorexia nervosa that is usually attributed to bradycardia, dehydration, or hypoglycemia. Methods: This study describes two adolescents, one male and one female, with recurrent self-induced syncope associated with isometric exercise. Results: In one patient, Holter monitoring showed that isometric exercise led to increasing bradycardia followed by asystolic pauses accompanied by presyncopal symptoms. Discussion: We hypothesize that inducible syncope in these two patients is due to increased vagal tone and baroreceptor sensitivity. Physicians should be aware that patients with anorexia nervosa may be able to induce syncope with isometric exercise and that this potentially dangerous behavior needs to be addressed during ...

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Syncope is a very common clinical problem. Given the extensive differential diagnosis, we have developed a structured approach for the evaluation and management of patients with unexplained syncope. Patients with overt cardiac, neurologic, or metabolic disturbances are identified and treated accordingly. However, the remaining patients with high-risk characteristics are hospitalized for risk stratification. After excluding patients who can benefit from pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation, an implantable loop recorder (ILR) appears to be a very effective diagnostic tool. The recent availability of a small ILR that can be implanted within minutes and provides daily data wirelessly for over 3 years appears to have elevated the ILR over short-term external electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring techniques in patients with unexplained syncope. Herein, using specific case examples, we review how we use a structural pathway at our institution to guide the evaluation and ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Usefulness of N-Terminal Pro-B-Type natriuretic peptide increase as a marker for cardiac arrhythmia in patients with syncope. AU - Costantino, Giorgio. AU - Solbiati, Monica. AU - Casazza, Giovanni. AU - Bonzi, Mattia. AU - Vago, Tarcisio. AU - Montano, Nicola. AU - McDermott, Daniel. AU - Quinn, James. AU - Furlan, Raffaello. PY - 2014/1/1. Y1 - 2014/1/1. N2 - B-type natriuretic peptides (BNPs) have been investigated as biomarkers for risk stratification of patients with syncope. Their concentration can be influenced by age and co-morbidities. In the present study, we compared the change in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels within 6 hours in patients with vasovagal and arrhythmic syncope to determine whether this change can predict arrhythmic syncope. Using a case-control design, 33 patients were enrolled. Of the 33 patients, 18 with arrhythmic syncope, as they underwent controlled ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VF) during device ...

Results: We enrolled 4030 patients with syncope; the mean age was 53.6 years, 55.5% were women, and 9.5% were admitted to hospital. Serious adverse events occurred in 147 (3.6%) of the patients within 30 days after disposition from the emergency department. Of 43 candidate predictors examined, we included 9 in the final model: predisposition to vasovagal syncope, heart disease, any systolic pressure reading in the emergency department , 90 or , 180 mm Hg, troponin level above 99th percentile for the normal population, abnormal QRS axis (, −30° or , 100°), QRS duration longer than 130 ms, QTc interval longer than 480 ms, emergency department diagnosis of cardiac syncope and emergency department diagnosis of vasovagal syncope (C statistic 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85-0.90; optimism 0.015; goodness-of-fit p = 0.11). The risk of a serious adverse event within 30 days ranged from 0.4% for a score of −3 to 83.6% for a score of 11. The sensitivity was 99.2% (95% CI 95.9%-100%) for a ...

Three studies, involving altogether 101 patients, have focused on patient cohorts with presumed and re-evaluated seizure disorders.13-15 One hundred of them were treated with, but were unresponsive to, AED therapy. In these studies it was confirmed that vasovagal syncope may be accompanied by myoclonus, as well as carotid sinus hypersensitivity and primary arrhythmias such as bradycardia, caused by sinus node dysfunction and intermittent atrioventricular (AV) block, as well as ventricular (torsade de pointe) and, more rarely, supraventricular tachycardia.. Certain features might prompt the re-evaluation of a diagnosis of presumed epilepsy and engage the cardiologist. The diagnostic strategy can be chosen based on the age of the individual patient: in the very young patient the efforts should be directed towards vasovagal syncope or variants of the long QT syndrome, while in older patients sinus node disease or intermittent high degree AV block should be looked for; in the highest age group ...

Cleveland_Clinic_Host: Syncope -- also called fainting, blacking out, or passing out -- is a sudden loss of consciousness, followed by a fall from a standing or sitting position. It is a condition that is caused by a decrease in blood flow to the brain. Blood contains oxygen, so when blood flow to the brain decreases, oxygen to the brain also decreases.. Certain heart or brain conditions and a sudden change in position may cause syncope. Signs and symptoms include light-headedness, dizziness, cold sweaty skin, and feeling more tired than usual.. There are different types of non-cardiovascular syncope, which include neurological syncope usually caused by seizure disorders, such as epilepsy, and other problems of the nervous system, including stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA) or other rare causes including migraines and normal pressure hydrocephalus; orthostatic hypotension, an inability to maintain normal blood pressure while standing, is often due to disorders of the autonomous nervous ...

Another study from AJR in Jan 2015 focused on dizziness/syncope. Due to difficulty to define definition of dizziness among patients, they used 3 terms of Dizziness, Syncope, andNear Syncope. They retrospectively looked at 253 patients with these complaints and found 3 clinical factors associated with positive findings: 1. age older than 60, 2. a focal neurological deficit, and 3. acute head trauma. Their conclusion is: Most patients presenting with syncope or dizziness to the emergency department may not benefit from head CT unless they have 3 above clinical factors.. Link to Article. ...

I would call this a lateral or high lateral MI; there are no reciprocal ST depressions in the right precordium and the major ST elevations are in 1 and aVL with reciprocal depression only in the inferior leads 23F. Several years ago I was an expert in a legal case involving sudden death in a 16 YO female basketball player with exertional syncope that was not investigated. I would add to the recommendations that exertional syncope (syncope occurring during exercise, not postexertional orthostatic symptoms) merits evaluation including high-level or maximal treadmill exercise testing with physician in attendance and/or if the resting EKG or exam is abnormal, an echocardiogram. Exertional syncope is trouble.. ReplyDelete ...

This review elucidates the nomenclature and pathophysiology of various forms of reflex syncope, including vasovagal syncope, carotid sinus syndrome, and situational syncope.

The cerebrovascular changes that occur prior to vasovagal syncope (VVS) are unclear, with both increases and decreases in cerebrovascular resistance being reported during pre-syncope. This study assessed the cerebrovascular responses, and their potential underlying mechanisms, that occurred before VVS induced by head-up tilt (HUT). Groups of 65 normal subjects with no previous history of syncope and of 16 patients with recurrent VVS were subjected to 70° HUT for up to 30min. Bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) cerebral blood flow velocities (CBFVs) were measured using transcranial Doppler ultrasound, along with simultaneous measures of MCA blood pressure, heart rate, and end-tidal and transcutaneous carbon dioxide concentrations. All 16 patients and 14 of the control subjects developed VVS during HUT. During pre-syncope, mean CBFV declined, due predominantly to a decrease in diastolic rather than systolic CBFV (decreases of 44.5±;19.8% and 6.3±;12.9% respectively; P , 0.0001). CO2 levels ...

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In which patients is the Tilt Test performed?. The tilt test is generally performed in patients with syncope (fainting or loss of consciousness), of unknown origin, in which first-level examinations, in particular the Holter dynamic ECG, did not reveal the cause of syncope. It is generally performed in patients who suspect that syncope is due to a sudden drop in blood pressure or a sudden slowing of the heartbeat, caused by an abnormal response of the reflexes that control cardiac circulation.. What happens during the Tilt Test?. During the tilt test, the pressure monitoring and electrocardiography enables the highlighting of anomalies in the pressure response or in the heart rate. The anomalies that can be found are related to an inadequate increase in heart rate, which can lead to an abnormal reflex reduction in heart rate (cardioinhibitory response), or in a fall in blood pressure (vaso-depressive response). These abnormal responses to pressure or heart rate can give rise to a syncope during ...

Figure 4. Example of a predominant vasodepressor syncope occurring in a blood phobic subject after only 10 minutes of head-up tilt. Marked hypotension is evident on beat-to-beat BP monitoring. Although profound bradycardia does not occur, the HR is nevertheless inappropriately slow for the severity of the hypotension. ...

When to Suspect: Duration of LOC |30 secs. Regains consciousness immediately; may feel sleepy or fatigued for several minutes, but is alert Often a trigger (e.g. sight of blood) -- see below May include very brief tonic-clonic movements Head trauma caused by faint might rarely confuse the picture Causes of Syncope Vasovagal syncope: Emotional trigger…

Physiological monitoring can be provided through a syncope sensor (64, 66) embedded into an electrocardiography monitor (12), which correlates syncope events and electrocardiographic data. Physiological monitoring can be provided through a lightweight wearable monitor (12) that includes two components: a flexible extended-wear electrode patch (15) and a reusable monitor recorder (14) that removably snaps into a receptacle (25) on the electrode patch (15). The wearable monitor (12) sits centrally on the patients sternal midline (16) and includes a unique narrow hourglass-like shape, significantly improving the ability of the monitor to cutaneously sense cardiac electrical potential signals, particularly the P-wave and QRS interval signals. The electrocardiographic electrodes (38, 39) on the electrode patch (15) are tailored for axial positioning along the midline (16) of the sternum (13) to capture action potential propagation in an orientation that corresponds to the aVF lead in a conventional 12

en] Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is important to be diagnosed as an underlying disease in children with syncope and normal heart, because of its poor prognosis. CASE REPORT: A 3-year-old boy was referred for stress and emotion induced syncope. Primary ventricular arrhythmia, consisting of salvos of bidirectional ventricular tachycardia, was reproducibly induced by physical exertion. The syncopal events and severe arrhythmia disappeared with beta-blocking therapy. CONCLUSION: Despite its rare occurrence, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is an important cause of stress and emotion induced syncope and sudden death in children ...

Syncope is common in clinical practice, but the cause is often difficult to diagnose. We report a 75-year-old man who was referred to the emergency department because of syncope after an urgent sensation of urinating during jogging. He was finally di

Syncope is a temporary loss of consciousness that should be checked out by a physician. Learn more about syncope here at Ohio State.

Hello. Does anyone have any experience with getting pregnant with syncope? I was diagnosed with Reflex Syncope 15 years ago and I have been taking midodrine, slow sodium and potassium. My husband and...

Feeling SYNCOPE while using Clindamycin? SYNCOPE Causes, Patient Concerns and Latest Treatments and Clindamycin Reports and Side Effects.

Feeling SYNCOPE while using ACYCLOVIR? SYNCOPE Causes, Patient Concerns and Latest Treatments and ACYCLOVIR Reports and Side Effects.

Episodes of vasovagal syncope are typically recurrent and usually occur when the predisposed person is exposed to a specific trigger. Before losing consciousness, the individual frequently experiences early signs or symptoms such as lightheadedness, nausea, the feeling of being extremely hot or cold (accompanied by sweating), ringing in the ears, an uncomfortable feeling in the heart, fuzzy thoughts, confusion, a slight inability to speak or form words (sometimes combined with mild stuttering), weakness and visual disturbances such as lights seeming too bright, fuzzy or tunnel vision, black cloud-like spots in vision, and a feeling of nervousness can occur as well. The symptoms may become more intense over several seconds to several minutes before the loss of consciousness (if it is lost). Onset usually occurs when a person is sitting up or standing. When people lose consciousness, they fall down (unless prevented from doing so) and, when in this position, effective blood flow to the brain is ...

A 84-year-old white female had a brief loss of consciousness while playing bridge. A few minutes before the episode she had eaten pizza and significant amount of carbonated soft drinks. After recovery, her friends noticed that she was alert, but pale and sweating. Upon arrival at the emergency room, sitting blood pressure was 160/60 mmHg with a normal sinus rhythm. A chest X-Ray was performed, which was essential to make the diagnosis. The X-Ray showed a large retrocardiac opacity with air and liquid level compatible with a giant hiatus hernia. After a copious snack the hiatal hernia compressed the left atrium, decreasing the left cardiac output, elucidating the mechanism of the syncopal episode. In patients presenting with swallow syncope (particularly after a copious meal, validating the importance of a careful history), a chest X-Ray should be always be performed.

List of causes of Headache and Vasovagal syncope, alternative diagnoses, rare causes, misdiagnoses, patient stories, and much more.

Posted By Marie on November 17, 1998 at 10:32:40: In Reply to: Re: Vasovagal syncope posted by CCF CARDIO MD - MTR on November 17, 1998 at 01:34:12: I wrote on October 7th, 1998, and re...

Learn about Vasovagal syncope. What are the symptoms, the causes and how to treat this condition? What can we do to cope and prevent its symptoms?

my mom is 80 years old and she has a pacer maker since 7 years ago. She is hypertensive and arrythmic. she fainted some 3 months ago due to vasovagal syncope. she is monitored to have very low blood pr...

The American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) recently released a scientific statement on the evaluation of syncope (i.e., transient loss of consciousness).

List of causes of A persistent coma and Signs of circulatory collapse in pregnancy and Syncopal episode in pregnancy, alternative diagnoses, rare causes, misdiagnoses, patient stories, and much more.