The interaction of anionic surfactants sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) and sodium bis (2-ethyl-1-hexylsulfosuccinate) (AOT) with the water treatment protein extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds has been investigated by surface tension measurements. The results were compared with previously reported studies using surface tension and zeta potential measurements of the same protein with an anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulphate. There is a strong electrostatic interaction between the protein and the surfactants characterized by a local maximum at intermediate surfactant concentration. This surfactant concentration depends on the protein concentration and corresponds to the surfactant concentration at the point of charge reversal (zeta potential = 0 mV). The number of surfactant molecules required to neutralize the positive charges on the protein was found to be 8 per protein molecule ...

The interaction of anionic surfactants sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) and sodium bis (2-ethyl-1-hexylsulfosuccinate) (AOT) with the water treatment protein extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds has been investigated by surface tension measurements. The results were compared with previously reported studies using surface tension and zeta potential measurements of the same protein with an anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulphate. There is a strong electrostatic interaction between the protein and the surfactants characterized by a local maximum at intermediate surfactant concentration. This surfactant concentration depends on the protein concentration and corresponds to the surfactant concentration at the point of charge reversal (zeta potential = 0 mV). The number of surfactant molecules required to neutralize the positive charges on the protein was found to be 8 per protein molecule ...

ZAREI, Ali Reza; GHOLAMIAN, Forouzan y CHALAVI, Soheila. Micelle-mediated extraction and cloud point pre-concentration for the spectrophotometric determination of phenol in water samples. S.Afr.j.chem. (Online) [online]. 2011, vol.64, pp.158-162. ISSN 1996-840X.. In this paper, a cloud point extraction method for the determination of trace amounts of phenol by spectrophotometry is described. The method is based on the colour reaction of phenol with diazotized p-nitroanilinean alkaline media and the cloud point extraction of azo dye product using of nonionic surfactant Triton X-114. The effects of reaction and extraction parameters were studied and optimum parameters were established. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 2.0-400 ng mL-1 of phenol. Detection limit based on three times the standard deviation of the blank (3Sb) was 1.0 ng mL-1 and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for 50 ng mL-1 of phenol was 1.73 % (n = 10). The proposed method was applied for the determination of ...

Market Research Reports Search Engine (MRRSE) has been serving as an active source to cater intelligent research report to enlighten both readers and investors. This research study titled Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Market. Request a Free Sample Report @ https://www.mrrse.com/sample/984. Increasing demand for sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium laureth ether sulfate (SLES) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) from detergents & cleaners and personal care industries is expected to drive the global SLS, SLES & LAS market in the next five years. However, the adverse effect of SLS and SLES on human skin coupled with fluctuation in prices of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate is anticipated to hamper market growth. Emerging applications such as paints & coatings and oilfield chemicals are estimated to offer immense opportunities for players in the market. SLS, SLES and LAS are the major forms of anionic surfactants. However, LAS accounts for nearly 40% of the global anionic surfactants market.. The report ...

An oral composition for oral cleansing, breath freshening, and anti-microbial benefits includes Magnolia Bark Extract in combination with a surface active agent. The effectiveness of Magnolia Bark Extract in inhibiting biofilm formation in the oral cavity is increased by a synergistic combination of the Magnolia Bark Extract with a surface active agent in an oral cavity delivery agent, such as chewing gum, a confectionary, a lozenge, a compressed tablet, and an edible film.

Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide found in: Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide, Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide, CTAB (Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide),..

A simple and rapid screening method for spectrophotometric determination of salbutamol based on mixed micelle-cloud point extraction (MM-CPE) coupled to derivatization with 4-aminoantipyrine reagent has been presented. A MM-CPE has been developed for the analysis of salbutamol in wastewater, pig feed and pork samples using Triton X-114 (TX-114) and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the mixed micellar extractant. The optimum MM-CPE conditions were: 10 mmol L-1 phosphate buffer pH 6.4, 5 mmol L-1 CTAB, 0.25% (w/v) TX-114, 10% (w/v) sodium chloride and 6 min equilibration time at 30 °C. And the optimum for derivatization were: 0.05 mol L-1 4-aminoantipyrine, 0.12 mol L-1 potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), 0.05 mol L-1 sodium carbonate and 1 min reaction time at room temperature. Under the selected condition, the proposed method gave linear calibrations in the range of 0.05 - 10 mg L-1. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.01 mg L-1 and 0.03 mg L-1, respectively. The proposed ...

Global Fatty Acid Ethoxylate Market 2017 Research Report proffers an acknowledged and extensive analysis of the immediate state of Fatty Acid Ethoxylate Market 2017.. In the first part, Fatty Acid Ethoxylate Industry study deals with the complete overview of the Fatty Acid Ethoxylate market, which consists of definitions, a wide range of statements, kinds and an entire Fatty Acid Ethoxylate industry chain structure. The global Fatty Acid Ethoxylate business analysis moreover consists of the ambitious landscape of Fatty Acid Ethoxylate industry, Fatty Acid Ethoxylate market expansion history and important development drifts presented by Fatty Acid Ethoxylate industry. Fatty Acid Ethoxylate trade introduces more extensive guidelines for a high growth potential industries professional survey with industry analysis. High Use of Fatty Acid Ethoxylate in Chemicals and Materials Industry Driving the Market Growth of Fatty Acid Ethoxylate.. To Get Sample Pages of Report here: ...

Frog sciatic nerves were excised and treated in a Ringers solution containing the surface-active agent, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMB). Such CTMB-treated nerves were compared to normal, untreated nerves with respect to their susceptibility to conduction block produced by six lipid-insoluble quaternary ammonium ions; the CTMB-treated nerves were rendered especially susceptible to rapid, reversible conduction block. A possible mechanism of CTMB action is proposed, involving chemo-dissection of permeability barriers which normally surround the individual axons. The findings that acetylcholine, curare, etc. can produce reversible, axonal conduction block in CTMB-treated nerves are not inconsistent with a theory of cholinergic impulse conduction.. ...

Make-up and cosmetics are used all over the world by all kinds of different people. Cosmetic products are defined as, ?a substance or preparation intended for placement in contact with any external part of the human body?. This definition can include a variety of products. Shampoos and soaps are products that usually contain some kind of fragrance and clean the skin by the use of surface-active agents, or surfactants. These surfactants are molecules that have both lipophilic and hydrophilic, or fat soluble and water soluble parts. The fat soluble part of the product clings to the oil and dirt as the water soluble part allows the lipophilic part to be washed away. Detergents for dishes and clothes work in pretty much the same way but will have different ingredients that make them more harsh for use on hard, solid surfaces. It is usually not a good idea to try and use these detergents on the body and hair, for it can lead to irritation. Lipstick is another cosmetic product that contains ...

ASTM-D1768 Standard Test Method for Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Synthetic Detergents by Ultraviolet Absorption - sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate; synthetic detergents; ultraviolet absorption ;; ICS Number Code 71.100.40 (Surface active agents)

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Sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide cleaning solutions used in semiconductor manufacturing processes are improved in wettability and cleaning effect by lowering their surface tension through the addition of surface-active agents Of the general formula R.sup.1 SO.sub.2 NR.sup.2 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OA(I) wherein R.sup.1 stands for a fluoroalkyl group, R.sup.2 for H or a lower alkyl group and A for H or SO.sub.3 H.

Benzalkonium Chloride - CAS 8001-54-5 - Calbiochem CAS 8001-54-5 Cationic surface-active agent and germicide. Its effects are potentiated in the presence of di-n-butyl esters, such as diisobutyladipate. M.W. ~360. - Find MSDS or SDS, a COA, data sheets and more information.

Several microorganisms are currently being used as production platform for glycolipid biosurfactants, providing a greener alternative to chemical biosurfac

In this work, results from atomistic molecular dynamics studies investigating the effect of surfactant concentration on the transport properties of bulk surfactant aqueous solutions, focusing on the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), are reported. The surfactant self-diffusion and the thermal conductivity of bulk aqueous SDS solutions were computed at a range of concentrations at room and boiling temperatures. Additionally, MP2f (Akin-Ojo et al., 2008, Developing Ab Initio Quality Force Fields From Condensed Phase Quantum-Mechanics/Molecular-Mechanics Calculations Through the Adaptive Force Matching Method, J. Phys. Chem., 129, p. 064108), one of a new generation water potentials is assessed for its suitability in reproducing the transport and thermal properties of bulk water. The thermal conductivity of MP2f water model was found to be: 0.64 W/(m⋅K) at 298 K and 0.66 W/(m⋅K) at 373 K, in much better agreement with the experimental values compared to both the rigid and the ...

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Magnesium Dodecyl Sulfate - Surfactant - SAAPedia - SAAPedia(Surfactant.TOP),Surfactant,Anionic surfactants, Cationic surfactants, Non-ionic surfactants, Zwitterionic surfactants, Polymer Surfactants, Fluoro surfactants, Silicone surfactants, Biosurfactants, Natural surfactants, Special surfactants - Page1

Fatty acids, C16-18, esters with ethylene glycol - Surfactant - SAAPedia - SAAPedia(Surfactant.TOP),Surfactant,Anionic surfactants, Cationic surfactants, Non-ionic surfactants, Zwitterionic surfactants, Polymer Surfactants, Fluoro surfactants, Silicone surfactants, Biosurfactants, Natural surfactants, Special surfactants - Page1

Get Information of Alkylbenzene Sulfonate Manufacturers, Suppliers, Dealers, Exporters, Traders, Producers, Wholesalers, Alkylbenzene Sulfonate Companies in Aurangabad, India

Looking for online definition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in the Medical Dictionary? cetyltrimethylammonium bromide explanation free. What is cetyltrimethylammonium bromide? Meaning of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide medical term. What does cetyltrimethylammonium bromide mean?

Analytical characterization of mannosylerythritol lipid biosurfactants produced by biosynthesis based on feedstock sources from the agrofood industry ...

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Global Mannosylerythritol Lipids Market is segmented by Applications(Oilfield Chemicals, Skin Care, Surfactants, Medical, Household), Forecast by 2022

Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)

TY - JOUR. T1 - Improvements in surface tension measurements of liquid metals having low capillary constants by the constrained drop method. AU - Lee, Joonho. AU - Kiyose, Akihito. AU - Nakatsuka, Shinichi. AU - Nakamoto, Masashi. AU - Tanaka, Toshihiro. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2004. Y1 - 2004. N2 - Accurate measurements of surface tension of liquid metals having low capillary constants (the ratio between density (ρ) and surface tension (σ), ρ/σ) have been attempted using the constrained drop method. High accuracy of surface tension measurements was obtained by making a large axi-symmetric liquid drop and adopting a developed image capturing system composed of a high-resolution charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, an additional CCD camera to adjust the level of the metal drop and a He-Ne laser.. AB - Accurate measurements of surface tension of liquid metals having low capillary constants (the ratio between density (ρ) and surface tension (σ), ...

Biosurfactant producers are crucial for incremental oil production in microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) processes. The isolation of biosurfactant-producing bacteria from oil reservoirs is important because they are considered suitable for the extreme conditions of the reservoir. In this work, a novel biosurfactant-producing strain Acinetobacter junii BD was isolated from a reservoir to reduce surface tension and emulsify crude oil. The biosurfactants produced by the strain were purified and then identified via electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR-MS). The biosurfactants generated by the strain were concluded to be rhamnolipids, the dominant rhamnolipids were C26H48O9, C28H52O9 and C32H58O13. The optimal carbon source and nitrogen source for biomass and biosurfactant production were NaNO3 and soybean oil. The results showed that the content of acid components increased with the progress of crude oil biodegradation. A glass micromodel test

TY - JOUR. T1 - NUTRITIONAL-REQUIREMENTS AND GROWTH-CHARACTERISTICS OF A BIOSURFACTANT - PRODUCING RHODOCOCCUS BACTERIUM. AU - Aburuwaida, AS. AU - Banat, Ibrahim. AU - Haditirto, S. AU - Khamis, A. PY - 1991/1. Y1 - 1991/1. N2 - The nutritional requirements and growth characteristics of a biosurfactant-producing Rhodococcus bacterium isolated from Kuwaiti soil were determined. Maximum cell yields (6.6 g/l) and biosurfactant production were achieved with a medium containing 2% (v/v) n-paraffin as a carbon and energy source, 0.2% lactose broth, optimal concentrations of nitrogen (nitrate), phosphorus, iron, magnesium and sodium sources, and minimal concentrations of potassium and trace element sources. The optimal pH was 6.8 for surfactant production and optimal temperature was 37-degrees-C. The biosurfactant produced after 16 to 33 h growth in a 7 I fermenter decreased both surface tension and interfacial tension of culture broth to below 27 and 1.8 mN/m, respectively, and was effective at ...

Excessive mechanical loading to a joint has been linked with the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA). Among the suspected links between impact trauma to a joint and associated degeneration of articular cartilage is an acute reduction in chondrocyte viability. Recently, the non-ionic surfactant poloxamer 188 (P188) has been shown to reduce by approximately 50% the percentage of non-viable chondrocytes 24 hours post injury in chondral explants exposed to 25 MPa of unconfined compression. There is a question whether these acutely saved chondrocytes will continue to degrade over time, as P188 is only thought to act by acute repair of damaged cell membranes. In order to investigate the degradation of traumatized chondrocytes in the longer term, the current study utilized TUNEL staining to document the percentage of cells suffering DNA fragmentation with and without an immediate 24 hour period of exposure of the explants to P188 surfactant. In the current study, as in the previous study ...

The separation of different ring numbered polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was accomplished by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in capillary electrokinetic chromatography. In order to increase the solubilities and selectivities of PAHs, acetonitrile (ACN) was used as an organic modifier. Under the optimised conditions, 11 aromatic compounds were separated within 14.5 min in a running electrolyte containing 10 mM phosphate, 30 mM CTAB, and 40% ACN at pH 6.0. The effects of CTAB and ACN concentrations, voltage and pH on the resolution were investigated. Reproducibilities of migration times range between 0.55 and 1.27 R.S.D.% and peak areas between 1.02 and 7.23 R.S.D.%. Limit of detections (LODs) range between 0.09 and 2.24 mu g ml(-1). This new and fast separation method of PAHs was applied to cooked oil sample. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ...

The effects of sodium lauryl sulphate(SLS) in the presence and absence of antimony(III) on the current efficiency, power consumption and polarization behaviour of zinc were determined. The surface morphologies and deposit crystallographic orientations were also evaluated. The results were compared with glue as the addition agent. The addition of sodium lauryl sulfate to the zinc sulfate solution increased current efficiency, reduced power consumption and improved the surface morphology. Maximum current efficiency and minimum power consumption were achieved on addition of 0.02 mg dm-3 Sb with 1 mg dm-3 sodium lauryl sulfate.. ...

Bacillus subtilis was investigated as production of biosurfactant using a combination based on waste of candy industry and glycerol from biodiesel production process as only substrate. The experimental design chosen for optimization by response surface methodology was a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and dry weight (DW) and crude biosurfactant (CB) concentrations were selected as responses in analysis. Two techniques were implemented response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). First challenge of study was to assess the effects of the interactions between variables and reach optimum values. With the CCRD results, RSM and ANN models were developed, optimizing the production of biosurfactant. The correlation coefficients (R2) of RSM models explained 88% for DW and 73% for CB of the interactions among substrate concentrations, while ANN models explained 99% for DW and 98% for CB, demonstrating that developed ANN models were more accurate and consistent in

article{6110940a-2755-4c1d-bd53-b19e12c96cdf, abstract = {This article highlights our recent achievements on the development and upgrade of new potential tumor-specific contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on gadolinium complexes and peptides, assemblied in amphiphilic supramolecular aggregates. The physico-chemical characterization of these aggregates provides novel and interesting opportunities to investigate surfactant aggregation properties, that may be exploited in several applications such as in medical diagnostics or in drug and gene delivery.}, author = {Vaccaro, Mauro and Mangiapia, Gaetano and Radulescu, Aurel and Schillén, Karin and DErrico, Gerardino and Morelli, Giancarlo and Paduano, Luigi}, issn = {1744-6848}, language = {eng}, number = {13}, pages = {2504--2512}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, series = {Soft Matter}, title = {Colloidal particles composed of amphiphilic molecules binding gadolinium complexes and peptides as tumor-specific ...

An oral composition for oral cleansing, breath freshening, and anti-microbial benefits includes Magnolia Bark Extract in combination with a surface active agent. The effectiveness of Magnolia Bark Extract in inhibiting biofilm formation in the oral cavity is increased by a synergistic combination of the Magnolia Bark Extract with a surface active agent in an oral cavity delivery agent, such as chewing gum, a confectionary, a lozenge, a compressed tablet, and an edible film.

Natural convection boiling of water and surfactant solutions at atmospheric pressure in narrow horizontal annular channels was studied experimentally. The Alkyl (8-16) Glucoside with molecular weight of 390 g/mol was used in the experiments. It is a nonionic surfactant with negligible environmental impact. The length of the horizontal channels was 24 mm and 36 mm, the gape size was in the range of 0.45-3.7 mm, the heat flux was in the range of 20-500 kW/m2, the concentration of surfactant solutions was varied from 10 to 600 ppm. The gap size of the vertical channels was changed in the range of 1-80 mm. The flow pattern was visualized by high-speed video recording to identify the different regimes of boiling of water and surfactant solutions with different concentrations. At heat flux q,100 kW/m2 the rapid growth of elongated bubble was observed in the water. The rapid bubble growth pushes the liquid-vapor interface on both open sides of the channel. When a bubble departs from a nucleus cavity, ...

Background: Surfactants are a class of amphiphilic surface active compounds that show several unique physical properties at liquid-liquid or liquid-solid surface interfaces including the ability to increase the solubility of substances, lower the surface tension of a liquid, and decrease friction between two mediums. Because of these unique physical properties several in vitro, ex vivo, and human trials have examined the role of surfactants as stand-alone or adjunct therapy in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods: A review of the literature was performed. Results: The data from three different surfactants have been examined in this review: citric acid zwitterionic surfactant (CAZS; Medtronic ENT, Jacksonville FL), Johnsons Baby Shampoo (Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick NJ), and SinuSurf (NeilMed Pharmaceuticals, Santa Rosa, CA). Dilute surfactant therapy shows in vitro antimicrobial effects with modest inhibition of bacterial biofilm formation. In patients with CRS, surfactants ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Chiral Recognition of Lipid Bilayer Membranes by Supramolecular Assemblies of Peptide Amphiphiles. AU - Sato, Kohei. AU - Ji, Wei. AU - Álvarez, Zaida. AU - Palmer, Liam C.. AU - Stupp, Samuel I.. PY - 2019/6/10. Y1 - 2019/6/10. N2 - On the basis of the exclusive existence of homochirality in biomolecules and the well-known phenomenon of chiral recognition, it is obvious that chirality is a crucial factor in biological events. We report here that supramolecular assemblies of peptide amphiphiles interact with lipid bilayer membranes in a stereospecific manner. When negatively charged chiral phospholipid bilayer vesicles were subjected to the assemblies, we found that peptide amphiphiles with l-amino acids show stronger affinity for the liposomes compared to the ones with d-amino acids. To examine their biological functions, we tested the cytotoxicity of nanofibers against mammalian primary cells using human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and murine astroglial cells. We ...

For the first time, air recharging for wetting prevention in a full MD setup was examined. - Air recharging combined with superhydrophobic membranes prevented wetting for low surface tension saline solutions with ~100% salt rejection. - Our results suggest that air recharging is critical for MD applications with feed waters containing organic compounds or surfactants.Although membrane distillation offers distinctive benefits in some certain areas, i.e., RO concentrate treatment, concentrating solutions in the food industry and solar heat utilization, the occurrence of wetting of the hydrophobic membrane hinders its potential industrial applications. Therefore, wetting prevention is a vital criterion for the treatment of solutions with lower surface tension than water. The present work examines the effect of recharging air bubbles on the membrane surface for the wetting incidence when a surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) exists in a highly concentrated NaCl aqueous solution. This study ...

P.L. Desbène, F.I. Portet, G.J. Goussot. Quantitative trace analysis of surfactant mixtures by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with refractometric detection. Journal of Chromatography A, Elsevier, 1996, 730 (1-2), pp.209 - 218. ⟨10.1016/0021-9673(95)01087-4⟩. ⟨hal-01936813⟩ ...

A simple and sensitive, solid-phase extraction method for the removal of Citalopram drug from waste water has been developed by using magnetic nanoparticles modified with surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate. These magnetic nanoparticles have shown great adsorptive tendency towards Citalopram drug. The effect of different parameters influencing the extraction efficiency of this drug were investigated and optimized including the pH, amount of the surfactant, contact time and temperature. The extracts were analyzed by ultraviolet spectrophotometry at 239nm. Under these conditions, the related standard deviation (RSD %) of the method at two concentrations (5 and 50µg.mL-1) was in the range of (3.14â€

Rhamnolipid biosurfactants were continuously produced with Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the pilot plant scale. Production and downstream processing elaborated on the laboratory scale were adapted to the larger scale. Differences in performance resulting from the scale-up are discussed. A biosurfactant concentration of approximately 2.25 g liter-1 was achieved. The biosurfactant yield on glucose was 77 mg g-1 h-1, and the productivity was 147 mg liter-1 h-1, corresponding to a daily production of 80 g of biosurfactant. The first enrichment step consisted of an adsorption chromatography which was followed by an anion-exchange chromatography. The resulting product was 90% pure, and the overall recovery of active material was above 60% with the downstream processing used. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Fluid mechanical shear induces structural transitions in assembly of a peptide-lipid conjugate. AU - Shimada, Tomoko. AU - Megley, Katie. AU - Tirrell, Matthew. AU - Hotta, Atsushi. PY - 2011/10/7. Y1 - 2011/10/7. N2 - Peptide amphiphiles (PA) can self-assemble into both spherical micelles and worm-like micelles. The control of worm-like micelle formation of PA is an area of active research, most often accomplished by modulating the temperature, salt content, or pH of the environment. In this work, we demonstrate the shear-induced formation of worm-like micelles in our designed peptide amphiphile C 16-W3K. Before adding shear, the peptide amphiphiles form spherical micelles in solution and exhibit little to no viscoelasticity. As the solution is subjected to simple shear flow, with increasing shear rate, spherical micelles form rapidly into elongated worm-like micelles up to microns in length. Though it has been reported that some dilute surfactant solutions exhibit shear-induced ...

Beyond Pesticides, August 12, 2011) Researchers have begun investigating silver nanoparticles, or nanosilver, in order to discover what exactly makes the particles toxic to the environment. Although scientists have long been concerned about the evidence of toxicity of nanosilver to both human health and the natural environment, research so far has been unclear on which properties of the particles actually make them toxic. The dangers may stem from the nanoparticles themselves, but they may also be due to the silver ions that the particles shed. Previous attempts to distinguish nanoparticles from silver ions have proven unfruitful, as they have been unable to fully separate the two. However, a new method developed by researchers in China aims to use an older technique called cloud point extraction and apply it to the nanosilver in order to separate the ions from the particles. This will enable researchers to identify whether consumer products, as well as environmental samples such as wastewater, ...

Abstract: The dilational rheological properties of a series of polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid surfactants (TweenX) at the decane/water interface have been investigated using the drop shape analysis method. The experiment results showed that larger quantities of the Tween20 molecules with shorter hydrophobic chain lengths were adsorbed at the interface because they could arrange more closely. Tween40 and Tween60 molecules had similaractual cross-sectional areas, which meant that their interfacial tensions were also similar at the critical micelle concentration (γcmc). Furthermore, when the bulk concentration exceeded the critical micelle concentration (cmc), the modulus and elasticity of Tween20 were larger than those of Tween40 and Tween60. When the hydrophobic alkyl chain of TweenX reached a certain length, the interfacial film properties of TweenX affected by the hydrophobic chain length decreased, which led to similar dilational parameters.. Key words: Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty ...

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China SLES Directly Manufacturer of Detergent Sodium Lauryl Sulphate / SLES Liquid with SGS/Bc/ISO, Find details about China SLES, Price of Sodium Lauryl Sulphate from SLES Directly Manufacturer of Detergent Sodium Lauryl Sulphate / SLES Liquid with SGS/Bc/ISO - Lanzhou Qianmiaonuo Trading Co., Ltd.

Author: Blatt, E.; Genre: Journal Article; Published in Print: 1986-02; Title: Ground-state complexation of eosin-labeled fatty acids with dimethylaniline in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide micelles.

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Pseudofactin II is a recently identified biosurfactant secreted by Pseudomonas fluorescens BD5, the strain obtained from freshwater from the Arctic Archipelago of Svalbard. Pseudofactin II is a novel compound identified as cyclic lipopeptide with a palmitic acid connected to the terminal amino group of eighth amino acid in peptide moiety. The C-terminal carboxylic group of the last amino acid forms a lactone with the hydroxyl of Thr3. Adhesion is the first stage of biofilm formation and the best moment for the action of antiadhesive and anti-biofilm compounds. Adsorption of biosurfactants to a surface e.g. glass, polystyrene, silicone modifies its hydrophobicity, interfering with the microbial adhesion and desorption processes. In this study the role and applications of pseudofactin II as a antiadhesive compound has been investigated from medicinal and therapeutic perspectives. Pseudofactin II lowered the adhesion to three types of surfaces (glass, polystyrene and silicone) of bacterial strains of five

The research presented in this dissertation involves the synthesis, modification, characterization, and the application of polymeric surfactants in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). Sodium undecenoyl-L-Leucinate (L-SUL) was synthesized and modified by use of alkali metal counterions, alcohols, and Triton X-102. Characterization of the modified poly-L-SUL was performed in order to elucidate the structural changes on the surfactants by use of four techniques. While surface tensiometry was used for the determination of the critical micelle concentration (cmc), fluorescence measurements were used for the determination of the polarity of the modified polymeric surfactants. The information about the size of the polymeric surfactants was obtained by use of pulsed field gradient-NMR (PFG-NMR). A superior chromatographic performance in MEKC was demonstrated by the modified polymeric surfactants as compared to the non-modified polymeric surfactants. A correlation between the polarity and the ...

For surface active substances the critical micelle concentration (CMC) method is used as an alternative to the water solubility. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is determined by measuring the surface tension of test substance solutions at different test substance concentration. For surface active substances which form micelles in solution, the surface tension decreases with increasing concentration until the CMC is reached. At concentrations above the CMC, the surface tension remains constant. The CMC is determined from a plot of the surface tension versus the logarithm of the test substance concentration ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Adsorption of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) on Candida maltosa EH 15 Strain: Influence on Cell Surface Hydrophobicity and n-alkanes Biodegradation. AU - Chrzanowski, Łukasz AU - Owsianiak, Mikolaj. AU - Wyrwas, Bogdan AU - Aurich, Andreas AU - Szulc, Alicja AU - Olszanowski, Andrzej. PY - 2009. Y1 - 2009. N2 - The effect of exogenously added sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) surfactant on biodegradation of a mixture of straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (dodecane and hexadecane) and resulting cell surface hydrophobicity changes of Candida maltosa EH 15 were investigated. Results indicated that up to 75 mg/L SDBS improves the biodegradation potential of examined yeast. A decrease in hydrophobicity was observed when SDBS was supplemented in higher concentrations, having strong impact on biodegradation rates. Phase distribution of surfactant molecules was investigated using methylene blue active substances method (MBAS), accompanied by surface and interfacial ...

The effect of three synthetic surfactants on surface activity and surface dilatational rheology of temperature-denatured type I collagen at water/air interface is described. An anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), a cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) and a nonionic (Triton X-100, TX-100) surfactants were employed at variable concentrations (5 × 10−6 mol L−1-1 × 10−4 mol L−1). With the protein concentration fixed at 5 × 10−6 mol L−1, the protein/surfactant mixtures with molar ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20 were obtained. An Axisymmetric Drop Shape Analysis (ADSA) method was used to determine the dynamic and equilibrium surface tension, as well as the surface dilatational moduli of the mixed adsorption layers formed at the water/air interface at pH 4.5. For the collagen-SDS mixtures, analogous studies were also performed at the water/tetradecane and water/olive oil interfaces. These results were complemented with the foam and emulsion formation ability tests, and

The effect of the presence of colloids on formation, stability and particle size of n-undecane in water nanoemulsions prepared by the Emulsion Inversion Point (EIP) method using nonionic surfactants (Igepals) was studied. The influence of oil-to-water ratio, the HLB value and concentration of the surfactant on their physico-chemical characteristics was also investigated. The stability of emulsions was assessed from changes in the particle size and the particle size distribution as well as through visual assessment of their appearance. The results obtained show that the anticipated positive effect of the colloids on emulsion stability was not confirmed. Phase separation of these systems usually occurred soon after preparation or during a few days of their storage. The particle size of emulsions prepared in the presence of colloids was mostly bigger in comparison with emulsions where colloids were absent. Nevertheless, nanoemulsions with the particle size smaller than 200 nm were also obtained. ...

AIMS: To establish the ability of the rhamnolipids biosurfactants from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in the presence and absence of caprylic acid and ascorbic acid, to disrupt bacterial biofilms, compared with the anionic alkyl sulphate surfactant Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). METHODS AND RESULTS: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 biofilms were disrupted by rhamnolipids at concentrations between 0·5 and 0·4 g l(-1) and with SDS at 0·8 g l(-1) . The combination of rhamnolipids 0·4 g l(-1) and caprylic acid at 0·1 g l(-1) showed a remarkable effect on biofilm disruption and cell killing. After 30 min of treatment most of the biofilm was disrupted and cell viability was significantly reduced. Neither caprylic acid nor ascorbic acid has any effect on biofilm disruption at 0·1 g l(-1) . SDS is an effective antimicrobial agent; however, in the presence of caprylic acid its effect was neutralized. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that rhamnolipids at low concentration in the presence of caprylic acid are ...

The sonication-driven dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in aqueous surfactant solution has been monitored by UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Dispersion of SWCNTs experiments reveal that the maximum concentration of dispersed SWCNTs corresponds to the maximum UV-vis-NIR absorbance of the solution. With higher surfactant concentration the dispersion rate of SWCNTs increases and low temperature sonication is required to achieve maximum dispersion. Dispersion of higher SWCNT concentrations requires longer sonication time. For effective dispersion the optimal concentration of surfactant is 1.5 wt%, the concentration of SWCNTs that can be homogeneously dispersed in aqueous solution is about 0.4 mg/ml.

Emulsion and suspension systems are the basis for the formulation of a wide variety of products including pharmaceuticals, consumables such as food, personal care or cosmetics and commodity materials such as adhesives, paints or synthetic rubbers. These systems require surface active agents (surfactants) or emulsifiers to prevent phase separation. Conventional emulsifiers are derived from petroleum and can entail disadvantages such as ecotoxicity, skin irritation issues or formulation foaming problems, so the design of new emulsifiers that are biodegradable, non-toxic and, at the same time superior in performance, is worthwhile. Pickering emulsifiers (PE) obtained from polysaccharides are a promising new type of emulsion stabilizer and are the focus of this work. First, the hydrophobization of polysaccharide-based materials was investigated. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were grafted with CO2-responsive polymers prepared by and grafted via reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP). ...

Author: Wüstneck, R. et al.; Genre: Journal Article; Published in Print: 1996; Title: The adsorption of surface-active complexes between beta-casein, beta-lactoglobulin and ionic surfactants and their shear rheological behaviour

By Loraine, Gregory A ABSTRACT: In this paper, components of an industrial wastewater that cause operational problems during biological treatment were oxidized by UV light and hydrogen peroxide (UV/H^sub 2^O^sub 2^). Preoxidation of wastewater was shown to remove polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and ethoxylate surfactant and increase overall biodegradability. Several UV intensities and hydrogen peroxide concentrations were tested to find optimal conditions for the complete depolymerization of PVP in a synthetic wastewater composed of high concentrations of hydroxyl radical scavengers. To compare treatment options, absorption isotherms for PVP on granular activated carbon (GAC) in water and in the synthetic phase- inversion wastewater matrix were determined. The data were extrapolated to estimate the cost of using UV/H^sub 2^O^sub 2^, GAC, or off-site treatment. It was found that UV/H^sub 2^O^sub 2^ pretreatment was economically viable. Incomplete oxidation of an ethoxylate surfactant increased foaming ...

0018]The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, especially primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical may be linear or preferably 2-methyl-branched, or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in a mixture, as typically present in oxoalcohol radicals. However, especially preferred are alcohol ethoxylates having linear radicals from alcohols of native origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow fat or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C12-C14-alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C9-C11-alcohols with 7 EO, C13-C15-alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C12-C18-alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C12-C14-alcohol with 3 EO and C12-C18-alcohol with 7 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation specified ...

0040]In further detail, when adding the water-soluble dietary fatty acid gel formulation to water, the formulation should be added at a rate not to exceed 5 mL per second to a volume of water of 100 mL, or not more than 5 vol % of the water per second of the volume of water it is being added to. The rate of addition depends on the volume of water. Further, the water can be stirred continuously while the addition of the dietary fatty acid gel is being slowly added. The solution may be heated to increase solubility, if desired or necessary. That being said, the heating temperature is typically selected to avoid chemical breakdown of the dietary fatty acid and/or non-ionic surfactant. The temperature of the dietary fatty acid gel (dietary fatty acid/non-ionic surfactant) should not typically exceed 200° F., and the water temperature should also not typically exceed 200° F. Ideally, the temperature of both should be maintained at from 100 to 150° F., and in one embodiment, the water can ...

Roccal-D is a disinfectant manufactured by Pfizer that is used in many animal care facilities and some biological laboratories. It is effective against bacteria including Mycoplasma, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, E. coli, and Salmonella. It also destroys viruses including canine parvovirus, parainfluenza-3 and pseudorabies. Roccal was originally produced by Winthrop Laboratories. Its active ingredients include quaternary ammonium compounds from the family of benzalkonium chlorides and didecyldimethylammonium chloride. These compounds are nitrogenous cationic surface active agents. Benzalkonium chloride is a mixture of alkylbenzyl dimethylammonium chlorides of various alkyl chain lengths. The greatest bactericidal activity is associated with the C12-C14 alkyl derivatives. The current formulation of Roccal also includes tributyltin oxide ...

Journal de Physique II, Journal de Physique Archives représente une mine dinformations facile à consulter sur la manière dont la physique a été publiée depuis 1872.

10-C16fatty impecablemente and C10-C16fatty amfepramone.. Another class of amphoteric surfactants is aminoxide fatty series, such as lauryldimethylamine. These surfactants were classified by various workers as nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants. N-oxide group is a weak base with a pH of approximately 9. Thus, at pH 5 to approximately 50% of the molecules exist in the form of a positive N+HE types, while at a pH of 6.5 only about 3% are in the form of positively charged species. For the purposes of the present invention aminoxide fatty series classified as amphoteric surface-active substances.. Level amphoteric surfactant present in the composition may range from about 1% to about 20% by weight of the composition, preferably from about 1% to about 10%, and most preferably from about 1.5% to about 5.5% of the composition.. The ratio of medium chain sulfosuccinate surfactant to amphoteric surface-active substances which have preferably is in the range from ...

Surfactant use throughout mankind is extensive, from their initial applications as detergents extending to use in medicine, lubricant, cosmetics and even enhanced oil recovery. However, the image of surfactant use has in the past been tarnished by issues with low biodegradability and their synthesis from nonsustainable resources. Amino acid-based surfactants are a class of surfactants derived from a hydrophobe source coupled with simple amino acids, mixed amino acids from synthesis or from protein hydrolysates, and as such can be derived solely from renewable resources. There are several pathways for their synthesis and this allows for extensive structural diversity in this class of surfactants, resulting in widespread tuneable functionality in their physiochemical properties. This review includes the details of most of the available routes of synthesis for amino acid surfactants (AASs) and the impact of the diverse routes on their final physiochemical properties, including solubility, ...

The purpose of this study was to establish optimal molar glycerol to glucose ratio for enhanced biosurfactant synthesis by the cultivation of Nocardia vacсinii ІMV В-7405 on a mixture of energetically nonequivalent substrates (glucose and glycerol). Based on theoretical calculations of the energy requirements for biomass production and the synthesis of surface-active trehalose monomycolates on the energy-deficient substrate (glycerol), the concentration of the energy-excessive substrate (glucose), which increased the efficiency of the substrate carbon conversion to biosurfactant, was determined. It was found that the synthesis of extracellular biosurfactant on a mixture of glucose and glycerol at molar ratio of 1.0:2.5 increased 2.0-2.3-fold compared to that on corresponding monosubstrates. The increased level of biosurfactant on the mixed substrate is determined by intensification of surface-active trehalose monomycolate synthesis, confirmed by 1.2-5.7-fold increase in activity of the ...

phdthesis{667f98f0-e724-48e5-b10e-aa1e10440fcc, abstract = {Ethanol produced from cellulose is a promising future alternative fuel. The production process has three main steps: (i) pretreatment of raw material to increase degradability; (ii) enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to produce glucose; (iii) fermentation of glucose into bioethanol. This thesis contains studies with the aim to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose from steam pretreated spruce. Improvements have been made by additions of surface active additives such as non-ionic surfactants or poly(ethylene glycol) polymers (PEG). It was found that that these surface active additives increased the enzymatic hydrolysis by reduction of non-productive adsorption of cellulases on the lignin part of the substrate. As a result the enzyme consumption could be significantly lowered with retained cellulose conversion. With addition of PEG a higher hydrolysis temperature (50 C) could be used; reduced deactivation of enzymes is due to PEG ...

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Bath time additives. During a fault investigation, when asking the drycleaner which detergent has been used, it is a frustrating but common occurrence to hear that the solvent is the only cleaning medium present. Although drycleaning solvents themselves exert a good level of cleaning due to their inherent solvency power, they are not capable of providing the characteristics required to achieve optimum stain removal and anti-soil redeposition during the cleaning process.. Unlike laundering, where an item is passed through several baths (prewash, mainwash and rinse sections), drycleaning typically utilises only one or two baths; therefore, using the correct detergent at the appropriate dose is vital to ensure that soiling and staining is removed and successfully suspended within the solvent to avoid unsightly redeposition.. Some of the key components in a drycleaning detergent are the surfactants used to aid in the removal of staining. Anionic surfactants are particularly good in aiding the ...

A contact lens cleaning, storing and wetting solution is provided for cleaning, storing and wetting flexible silicone contact lenses. The solution comprises a poly(oxyethylene)- poly(oxypropylene) block copolymer having a molecular weight between about 1,900 and 15,500, a water solubility in excess of about 10 grams per 100 ml., a cloud point in 1% aqueous solution above about 30 DEG C., and a Foam Height in excess of 30 mm; a microbial growth inhibitor, such as benzalkonium chloride; purified water; and a sufficient amount of at least one essentially neutral, water-soluble compatible salt to provide a solution salt content equivalent to about 0.5 to 1.8% sodium chloride. The solution can also contain disodium or trisodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate and a polymeric viscosity building agent, if desired.

There is a growing need for research into new skin- and environment-friendly surfactants. The aim of the study was to find out whether a combination of an alkylpolyglucoside natural surfactant with established pharmaceutical excipients could provide a solid pharmaceutical base with satisfied physical stability. The study was carried out in two phases: the first one focused on the colloidal structure of vehicles formulated with oils of different polarity and/or different costabilizer (lipophilic versus hydrophilic) and the second one evaluated vehicles physical stability. A number of techniques were used (polarization, light, and transmission electron microscopy, pH, conductivity and thermogravimetric measurements, rheological analysis and cyclic temperature stress test). Natural surfactants interaction with used excipients resulted in the formation of semisolid emulsion systems of different rheological profiles, stabilized predominantly by synergistic effects of lamellar liquid-cryst...alline ...

pH responsive surfactants, [C H N(CH ) (CH ) SCOCH ]Br (C nSAc, n = 4, 11, 12), were prepared, and their properties in aqueous solution were examined. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) and critical vesicle concentration (cvc) were determined based on changes in conductivity, as well as by fluorescence measurements, and light scattering methods. A significant increase in the light scattering intensities of the C nSAc (n=11, 12) systems suggested that the growth of aggregates was accompanied by considerable counterion binding with increasing surfactant concentration. The diameter of C 11SAc, recorded by the dynamic light scattering measurements, was about 9.6 1.0 nm, which was slightly smaller than that for didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) vesicles. The thioester group was easily hydrolyzed upon the addition of NaOH, while it was hardly hydrolyzed with the addition of HCl. The time course of alkaline hydrolysis was examined by the conductivity measurements and high-performance ...

Authors: MUHAMMAD AKHYAR FARRUKH, HENG BOON TECK, ROHANA ADNAN Abstract: Tin oxide nanoplates and nanoballs were fabricated using a cationic surfactant of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) as an organic supramolecular template and tin(IV) chloride as an inorganic precursor via the hydrothermal and conventional heating methods. Urea, which decomposes to ammonium and hydroxide ions during hydrolysis, was used as the source of slow homogeneous precipitation of Sn^{4+} with OH^- to control the particle size. The influence of different reaction parameters (time, temperature, and ratio of Sn^{4+} to CTABr) on particle sizes, particle distribution, and morphology was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. XRD data showed that the size of the SnO_2 nanoparticles decreased with increasing reaction time using the conventional heating method, while no significant change was observed with the hydrothermal ...

Surfactant-oil-water systems maybe used as templates to produce nanostructured materials, as delivery vehicles for drugs and food additives, and as solvents in: degreasing, cleaning, bio-separations, polymerization, environmental remediation, and enhanced oil recovery. Formulation of surfactant solutions for these and other applications requires significant experimental work and expertise. From the engineering point of view, most surfactant-based processes are black boxes because of the complex thermodynamics of these systems. Current equations of state are just starting to tackle simple systems but are not yet capable of reproducing the phase behavior of complex surfactant-water-oil systems. Recently, a net-average curvature model has been proposed to predict the interfacial curvature and physical properties of these complex surfactant-oil-water systems. This project seeks to further develop the net-average curvature model into an expert system capable of predicting the properties of ...

sodium lauryl ether sulfate sles 70%, CAS No. 68585-34-2 Specification sodium lauryl ether sulfate SLES CAS NO. 68585-34-2 C12H26Na2O5S best price Product Name Sodium lauryl ether sulfate Synonyms SODIUM LAURYL ETHER SULFATE;NAXOLATE...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Removing low ppb level perchlorate, RDX, and HMX from groundwater with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) pre-loaded activated carbon. AU - Parette, Robert. AU - Cannon, Fred S.. AU - Weeks, Katherine. N1 - Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the Department of Defense for financial support that made this research possible. This research was conducted under contracts with USFilter Westates and AMEC Earth and Environmental. The authors acknowledge the input of Jim Graham (USFilter Westates), Ian Osgerby (Army Corp of Engineers) and Beth DuPlessie (AMEC). We would also like to thank Weifang Chen (Penn State) for conducting argon adsorption tests, CEIMIC Laboratory for perchlorate analyses, and Severn Trent Laboratory for nitro-organics analyses. PY - 2005/11. Y1 - 2005/11. N2 - Perchlorate contaminates vast amounts of groundwater throughout the United States which could potentially be used as potable water. Activated carbon pre-loaded with ...

Vegetable based, melt and pour soap base, free from the surfactant Sodium Lauryl Sulfate. Made with soothing Aloe Vera and containing Conditioning Additives this soap base is used for the manufacture of opaque Solid Shampoo bars. Product Char.

A novel series of anionic fluorine-containing amphiphilic graft copolymers, poly(hexafluorobutyl methacrylate-co-sodium 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate)-g- poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate [poly(HFMA-co-NaSS)-g-PEG], were prepared via the free radical copolymerization. The micellization behavior of the copolymers was studied by critical micelle concentration (CMC), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that poly(HFMA-co-NaSS)-g-PEG copolymers could self-assemble into core/shell structure micelles in aqueous solution. Afterward, the micelles stability was studied by zeta potential measurement, which demonstrated that the copolymer micelles had good stability in biological milieu. The interaction between the copolymer micelles and BSA was characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy, and the morphology of the micelles/BSA complexes was observed by TEM. The results demonstrated that the adsorption could be easily achieved between the ...

Inactive protein inclusion bodies occur commonly in Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells expressing heterologous proteins. Previously several independent groups have found that active protein aggregates or pseudo inclusion bodies can be induced by a fusion partner such as a cellulose binding domain from Clostridium cellulovorans (CBDclos) when expressed in E. coli. More recently we further showed that a short amphipathic helical octadecapeptide 18A (EWLKAFYEKVLEKLKELF) and a short beta structure peptide ELK16 (LELELKLKLELELKLK) have a similar property. In this work, we explored a third type of peptides, surfactant-like peptides, for performing such a

Structure and Dynamics of Spherical and Rodlike Alkyl Ethoxylate Surfactant Micelles Investigated Using NMR Relaxation and Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES 70%)(id:5790279). View product details of Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES 70%) from Jiaxing Zanyu Technology Development Co.,Ltd. manufacturer in EC21

Nanotechnology offers novel delivery vehicles for cancer therapeutics. Potential advantages of nanoscale platforms include improved pharmacokinetics, encapsulation of cytotoxic agents, enhanced accumulation of therapeutics in the tumor microenvironment, and improved therapeutic structures and bioactivity. Here, we report the design of a novel amphiphilic molecule that self-assembles into nanostructures for intracellular delivery of cytotoxic peptides. Specifically, a cationic α-helical (KLAKLAK)2 peptide that is known to induce cancer cell death by membrane disruption was integrated into a peptide amphiphile (PA) that self-assembles into bioactive, cylindrical nanofibers. PAs are composed of a hydrophobic alkyl tail, a β-sheet forming peptide, and a bioactive peptide that is displayed on the surface of the nanofiber after self-assembly. PA nanostructures that included (KLAKLAK)2 were readily internalized by breast cancer cells, in contrast to the (KLAKLAK)2 peptide that on its own was not cell ...

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A common non-ionic surfactant, Triton X-100, was used to modify the chemical bath deposition (CBD) of CdS buffer layers on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) data demonstrate that films produced with the surfactant have about the same levels of impurities as films grown without it. For thin, ~130 ..ANG.. CdS layers and relative to devices made without the surfactant, average absolute cell efficiencies were increased from 10.5% to 14.8%, or by a relative 41%. Visual inspection of the CdS depositions reveals one possible mechanism of the surfactants effects: bubbles that form and adhere to the CIGS surface during the CBD reaction are almost completely eliminated with the addition of the TX-100. Thus, pinholes and thin areas in the CdS layers caused by poor wetting of the substrate surface are sharply reduced, leading to large increases in the open circuit voltage in devices produced with the surfactant.