To make the above maps, the multiyear solar irradiance was calculated from the NSRDB. v1.1.2 (May 2019) Added 2018 option to Start and End Dates for Interannual data. Solar Flagships Program at a cost of $1.5 billion as part of its Clean Energy Initiative to support the construction and demonstration of large scale (up to 1000 MW) solar power stations in Australia. This solar irradiance calculator takes data collated over a 22 year period to provide monthly average irradiance figures. Solar irradiance is the power per unit area (watt per square metre, W/m2), received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation as reported in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument. Solar irradiance is often integrated over a given time period in order to report the radiant ener While the solar resource in Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula was believed to be significant based on limited past data, understanding the spatial and temporal variability requires significantly more data and ...

The Sunlight On The Garden by Louis Macneice. .The sunlight on the garden Hardens and grows cold We cannot cage the minute Within its nets of gold When all is told We cannot beg for pardon. Our . Page

I Live in Upstate NY and have to redo a small garden in the front of my house. It receives direct sunlight from around 11:00 in the morning until 6 or 7 in the evening. The soil is an average type soil (somewhat on the dry side) that has been mixed with peat moss over the years. I would like to plant several small bushes with some ground cover and flowers. Do you have any suggestions on what types of shrubs, ground cover and flowers would grow in the direct sunlight. The area is approximately 6 x 20. Thanks for your advice ...

Dr. Elizabeth Cahoon presents an overview on solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) dosimetry and epidemiology and its public health importance. (Radiation Epidemiology and Dosimetry Course 2019)

epub Stratospheric Ozone Reduction, Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Plant Life only to be the connection and get parents of Astro Fibonacci planets. technology not to delight how to start grains regression for past payment. astrological Motion proves a small astro for rates and topics.

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In 1929, architect Richard Neutra built the famous Health House in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles. His brief was to design a home that strengthened the health and well-being of its owner, Dr. Philip Lovell. The Health House provided Dr. Lovell with access to plenty of sunlight and fresh air. Such thinking informed the work of other architects of the period, such as Le Corbusier. In his influential manifesto The Athens Charter, Le Corbusier argued bringing in the sun was the architects new and most urgent duty.. However, many years before Neutra and Le Corbusier - and before the effects of sunlight exposure were investigated scientifically - Florence Nightingale had already identified sunlight as key to promoting health in hospitals. She wrote:. Direct sunlight, not only daylight, is necessary for speedy recovery, except, perhaps in certain ophthalmic and a small number of other cases.. Florence Nightingale insisted on sunlight because she believed it helped her patients get better and ...

Vegetables That Dont Need Full Sunlight. Just as sleep is vital for people, sun is vital for vegetables. All vegetables require partial sun, with many requiring nothing less than full sun. Those that can tolerate partially shady conditions may produce a yield smaller than if they were grown in full sun. During ...

This is the first study to establish a link between the season of initiating interferon/ribavirin-based therapy for CHC and viral response to treatment. Our results suggest that viral response to treatment was influenced by the hours of sunlight, and by inference, sunlight exposure, a surrogate marker of vitamin D levels.. The most striking finding in our cohort of patients from different latitudes was that a different viral response was observed according to the season of initiating peginterferon/ribavirin-based treatment. In fact, patients starting treatment during the season with the highest daily hours of sunlight, according to the State Meterological Agency,17 showed the highest rate of RVR. We believe our findings are coherent for different reasons. First, the rate of viral response correlated well with the effectiveness of treatment since the largest difference in the response pattern was observed in patients receiving lead-in therapy instead of direct-acting antiviral agents from the ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of summer sun exposure on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], calcium absorption fraction, and urinary calcium excretion. Subjects were 30 healthy men who had just completed a summer season of extended outdoor activity (e.g. landscaping, construc …

Indoor Plants That Will Tolerate Direct Sunlight. Houseplants add life and color to any home, but if yours has a sunroom, porch or large windows, you need to choose sunlight-loving varieties. Ignore this step and you will see your hopes for lush, healthy plants wither. When shopping for a new home, or designing one to ...

Does being in the sun at the beach or playing sports in the sun in the , heat affect insulin ? Ginny who Has to stay out of the sun. ----- Yes, the sun will affect insulin. First there is the heat from the sun which will affect its viability. Then there is the effect of the sunlight on the cresol preservative, not on the insulin crystals. The sunlight tends to turn the cresol a not-lovely shade of brown. I guess Lilly Co. figures no one wants to inject a brown insulin, so they warn us to avoid sunlight on insulin. George ---------------------------------------------------------- for HELP or to subscribe/unsubscribe, contact: [email protected] send a DONATION http://www.Insulin-Pumpers.org/donate.shtml ...

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Objectives Preventable risk factors for prostate cancer are poorly understood; sun exposure is a possible protective factor. The goal of this study was to investigate prostate cancer risk in outdoor workers, a population with high sun exposure. Methods Prostate cancer cases and controls from a large study (conducted between 1994 and 1997) were used for this analysis. A job exposure matrix ( JEM) was used to assign solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) at work as moderate (2 to ,6 hours outside/day) or high (≥6 hours). Average daily satellite UV-B measures were linked to the latitude/longitude of the residences of each participant. Several other exposure metrics were also examined, including ever/never exposed and standard erythemal dose by years (SED×years). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between solar UVR exposure and the odds of prostate cancer. Results A total of 1638 cases and 1697 controls were included. Men of Indian and Asian descent had reduced odds of prostate ...

Outdoor solar lights use the energy provided by sunlight to charge preinstalled batteries. Most have sensors that will turn the light on automatically when the sun begins to go down and off when the sun comes up. Some solar lights are mounted on ground spikes or stakes, and others are simply placed on the ground.

Many outdoor workers are exposed to dangerous levels of ultraviolet radiation, sometimes over many years. If not detected early enough, sun damage can lead to fatal cancers. The problem in Victoria is very serious. According to the Cancer Council Victoria,Australia and New Zealand have the highest rates of melanoma in the world. More than 10,000 people are diagnosed with melanoma in Australia every year. Melanoma of the skin is the fourth most common cancer in both men and women. It accounts for 10 per cent of all cancer diagnoses. One in 19 Australians will be diagnosed with melanoma before age 85, and it is the most common type of cancer in young Australians aged 15 to 44 (20 per cent of all cases). The National Hazard Exposure Worker Surveillance: Exposure to direct sunlight and the provision of sun exposure controls in Australian workplaces report undertaken by Safe Work Australia in 2010 focused on the exposure of Australian workers to direct sunlight and the control measures that were ...

Not only does adequate sunlight exposure result in the production of vitamin D, a hormone-like substance that regulates over 2,000 genes in the human body -- and as a result prevents or ameliorates hundreds of vitamin D deficiency associated health conditions -- but sunlight exposure itself has a unique set of health benefits not reducible to simply vitamin D production alone. One of the more interesting studies performed on sunlight exposure, based on data gathered from over 100 countries and published earlier this year in the journal Anticancer Research, showed that there was a strong inverse correlations with solar UVB for 15 types of cancer, with weaker, though still significant evidence for the protective role of sunlight in 9 other cancers. Here are some additional benefits of sunlight exposure: ...

Objective: Although bipolar disorder has high heritability, the onset occurs during several decades of life, suggesting that social and environmental factors may have considerable influence on disease onset. This study examined the association between the age of onset and sunlight at the location of onset. Method: Data were obtained from 2414 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder, according to DSM-IV criteria. Data were collected at 24 sites in 13 countries spanning latitudes 6.3 to 63.4 degrees from the equator, including data from both hemispheres. The age of onset and location of onset were obtained retrospectively, from patient records and/or direct interviews. Solar insolation data, or the amount of electromagnetic energy striking the surface of the earth, were obtained from the NASA Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) database for each location of onset. Results: The larger the maximum monthly increase in solar insolation at the location of onset, the younger the age of ...

There is some very active discussion in blogworld about stitching recent solar irradiance records between satellites, which may interest some CA readers. http://inel.wordpress.com/2007/07/11/royal-society-proceedings-a-lockwood-frohlich/ http://tamino.wordpress.com/2007/07/24/pmod-vs-acrim/ http://icecap.us/ http://icecap.us/images/uploads/Lockwood_and_Frolich_Review.pdf http://motls.blogspot.com/2007/07/nir-shaviv-why-is-lockwood-and-frohlich.html

Photocatalytic degradation of phenol in water under simulated sunlight by an ultrathin MgO coated Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite - Texas A&M University (TAMU) Scholar profile, educations, publications, research, recent courses, and student works

Read Photocatalytic properties of BiVO4 synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method under simulated sunlight irradiation, Research on Chemical Intermediates on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

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The image above shows the umbra and penumbra as commonly illustrated in astronomy books. The sun is not a point source of light but a sphere much larger than the Earth. Rays of light depart in all directions from any point on its surface, to the effect that there is a conical volume of space behind the Earth where the rays cannot reach, or, in other words, from where an observer can see no part of the apparent disk of the sun. That conical volume of space is the umbra , simply meaning shadow in Latin. Around it there is an area from which an observer can see part of the suns disk, so that area receives some direct sunlight, but not full sunlight: the penumbra (nearly shadow). Everywhere else receives full sunlight. The length of the umbra cone depends on the diameters of the Sun and the Earth and the distance between them, as a few minutes experimenting with some sketches will show you ...

A novel class of photocatalytic coating capable of degrading bacterial and chemical contaminants in the presence of visible sunlight wavelengths was produced by depositing a stable photocatalytic TiO2 film on the internal lumen of glass bottles via a sol gel method. This coating was prepared in either undoped form or doped with nitrogen and/or copper to produce visible light-active TiO2 films which were annealed at 600 °C and were characterized by Raman, UV-Vis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The presence of doped and undoped TiO2 films was found to accelerate the degradation of methylene blue in the presence of natural sunlight, while copper-doped TiO2 films were found to accelerate bacterial inactivation (of E. coli and E. faecalis) in the presence of natural sunlight.

Where c is the atmospheric extinction and m is the relative optical airmass . The atmospheric extinction brings the number of lux down to around 100,000.. The total amount of energy received from the Sun at the zenith depends on the distance to the Sun and thus on the time of year. It is about 3.3% higher than average in January and 3.3% lower in July (see below). If the extraterrestrial solar radiation is 1367 watts per square meter (the value when the Earth-Sun distance is 1 astronomical unit ), then the direct sunlight at Earths surface when the Sun is at the zenith is about 1050 W / m 2 , but the total amount (direct and indirect from the atmosphere) hitting the ground is around 1120 W / m 2 . [5] In terms of energy, sunlight at Earths surface is around 52 to 55 percent infrared (above 700 nm)), 42 to 43 percent visible (400 to 700 nm), and 3 to 5 percent ultraviolet (below 400 nm). [6] At the top of the atmosphere, sunlight is about 30% more intense, having about 8% ultraviolet (UV), [7] ...

where c is the atmospheric extinction and m is the relative optical airmass. The atmospheric extinction brings the number of lux down to around 100 000.. The total amount of energy received at ground level from the Sun at the zenith depends on the distance to the Sun and thus on the time of year. It is about 3.3% higher than average in January and 3.3% lower in July (see below). If the extraterrestrial solar radiation is 1367 watts per square meter (the value when the Earth-Sun distance is 1 astronomical unit), then the direct sunlight at Earths surface when the Sun is at the zenith is about 1050 W/m2, but the total amount (direct and indirect from the atmosphere) hitting the ground is around 1120 W/m2.[5] In terms of energy, sunlight at Earths surface is around 52 to 55 percent infrared (above 700 nm), 42 to 43 percent visible (400 to 700 nm), and 3 to 5 percent ultraviolet (below 400 nm).[6] At the top of the atmosphere, sunlight is about 30% more intense, having about 8% ultraviolet ...

By Marc Sorenson, Sunlight Institute. In a scientific paper, Dr. MS Razzaque shows that there may be some downsides to vitamin D supplementation, including cardiovascular events and beyond. He also states that since hypovitaminosis D status usually reflects reduced sunlight exposure, the obvious primary replacement should be safe sunlight exposure, and not exogenous supplements.. The paper specifically mentions that avoiding sunlight exposure may influence the initiation and progression of different types of tumors [cancer], high blood pressure, type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. It also points out that there may be some deleterious consequences of vitamin D supplementation, although in my opinion, the dosage would need to by quite high.. As I have indicated in many of my posts on the Sunlight Institute site, sun exposure is the most natural way to obtain vitamin D, and it has no toxicity, since it is self-regulated.. What wasnt mentioned was the production of health-promoting ...

News The latest news about sun exposure, Vitamin D, the benefits of sunlight, and general sun health from the Sunlight Institute.

Chances are, you remember some of the basics from high school science classes. Plants require a mix of sunlight, soil, and water to grow. They pull nutrients from the soil and convert sunlight into usable energy. This energy sustains the plants metabolism the same way food sustains our metabolisms.. But plants are extremely diverse, and what works for one may not work for another. Different species need different ratios of sun to shade and water. Too much sunlight can scorch a temperate species, while too much water can drown a desert species.. Most gardens need around eight hours of direct sunlight per day. If you live in an area thats often overcast, thats okay! As long as youre planting native species, the plants should be able to thrive regardless.. Where plants have trouble is when an area is too shady or too sunny. Some species naturally grow in the shadow of tall trees and shrubs, shielded from most direct sunlight. Others require extensive daily sun exposure to avoid ...

TY - CHAP. T1 - Decontamination of water by solar irradiation. AU - Malato, Sixto. AU - Maldonado, Manuel I.. AU - Fernández, Pilar. AU - Oller, Isabel. AU - Polo, Inmaculada. PY - 2014/1/1. Y1 - 2014/1/1. N2 - Humankind has been changing, contaminating, and polluting their environment since the Paleolithic era. This first type of pollution was air pollution through the use of fire (Spengler and Sexton, 1983). Later, in the Bronze Age and Iron Age, the forging of metals produced significant air and soil pollution as can be seen in glacial core samples in Greenland (Honget al., 1996). As early as the 9th century, Arab and Persian scientists have written about pollution and waste handlings (Gari, 2002). The industrial revolution in the 19th century led to the environmental pollution, as we know it today with its new industries and the enormous consumption of coal and oil, which lead to air pollution and the discharge of chemicals and industrial wastes into waterways (streams and rivers). After ...

Read Effect of 3D ZnO:Fe morphology on the photocatalytic activity under solar irradiation, Research on Chemical Intermediates on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

The MoO3 coated ZnO photocatalysts were synthesized for the optimum harvesting of the absorbed ultraviolet sunlight photons by initially permeating Mo6+ ions at the surface of pre-synthesized ZnO and finally transformed to MoO3 by thermal treatment in the air. The absorption spectra of the synthesized powders revealed the extension of the absorption edge in the visible region whereas, the photoluminescence spectroscopy established the supporting role of the MoO3 coating in gradually plummeting the excitons recombination. The growth of additional peaks in Raman as well as X-ray photoelectron spectra and the appearance of the corresponding low-intensity reflection substantiated the surface prevalence of MoO3. The absence of the individual particles of MoO3 in FESEM and the verification of coated layer by HRTEM images validated the authenticity of the adopted synthetic route. The electrochemical evaluation of the synthesized powders under illumination revealed the complete elimination of ...

One of the most common causes of a plant struggling in the garden is not enough, or too much, sunlight. It?s important to know how the sunlight changes over the course of the spring and summer. As trees leaf out and the suns angle changes, what was once a full sun area in spring may be part shade by midsummer.. A new tool can help you determine the amount of sunlight that different areas of your yard are receiving. The SunCalc sunlight calculator is a battery-powered tool that records the amount of sunlight over a 12-hour period. The photo-receptive diode registers how much sunlight has accumulated and signals whether the area is in full or part sun, part shade or full shade. Full sun is defined as 6 or more hours of direct sunlight. Part sun is defined as 4 to 6 hours, part shade is 1-1/2 to 4 hours, and full shade is less than 1-1/2 hours. SunCalc works even on cloudy days. If used over a number of months, it can give a good estimation of the sun exposure in various gardens and help you ...

The following is a list of cities by sunshine duration. Sunshine duration is a climatological indicator, measuring duration of sunshine in given period (usually, a day or a year) for a given location on Earth, typically expressed as an averaged value over several years. It is a general indicator of cloudiness of a location, and thus differs from insolation, which measures the total energy delivered by sunlight over a given period. Sunshine duration is usually expressed in hours per year, or in (average) hours per day. The first measure indicates the general sunniness of a location compared with other places, while the latter allows for comparison of sunshine in various seasons in the same location. Another often-used measure is percentage ratio of recorded bright sunshine duration and daylight duration in the observed period. An important use of sunshine duration data is to characterize the climate of sites, especially of health resorts. This also takes into account the psychological effect of ...

Sunlight is an additional source of vitamin D. It is important as dietary sources of vitamin D are few. Ideally we should get 90% of our daily vitamin D requirement from sunlight. UV rays in sunlight convert a type of cholesterol found in the skin to vitamin D. Modern lifestyle has limited our exposure to the sun. There are many variables that affect the ability of the skin to produce vitamin D. As a result it is difficult to recommend how much sunlight is enough. Most authorities recommend between 5 to 30 minutes of sun exposure to your unprotected face, arms, legs or back between 11 am and 3 pm two to three times a week. Early morning or late evening sunlight does not work as UV rays are not able to penetrate the atmosphere. Ability to produce vitamin D also depends on the colour of the skin. Fair skin people need less sunlight than darker ones in whom melanin (skin pigment) restricts entry to UV rays. Exposure to sunlight should be direct as UV rays are restricted by glass (window panes) and ...

Sunlight is recognized as one of the most important environmental factors that influence human health. There is strong evidence in the scientific literature that adequate exposure to sunlight is associated with many physical and mental health benefits, including reduced overall mortality, prevention of many deadly forms of cancer, as well as a number of metabolic, cardiovascular, autoimmune, infectious and neuropsychatric diseases. Vitamin D deficiency, which is mainly due to insufficient exposure to sunlight, is now one of the most common medical conditions, estimated to affect more than a billion people worldwide. Health professionals, patients and the general public should receive more evidence-based information about the many health benefits of sunlight, and how to use it in prevention and treatment of disease.. ...

This adorable kid looked at the camera briefly because I was singing to him. Kids are devious little creatures. They know when youre calling them and will purposely ignore you. So you have to be crafty too in getting their attention. Of course, you have to be ready for the moment … and shoot a lot. Sometimes that Decisive Moment is to be found in the edit.. The photo session was from 12 noon to 1pm. So the sun was high overhead. Were often told that the sun directly overhead isnt the best time to take photographs. While this isnt as ideal as the fabled Golden Hour - that time just before dusk and just after dawn - there are ways of working with hard sunlight and still get great images …. The simplest way of dealing with hard sunlight - as described in this recent article on photographing wedding portraits in bright sunlight - is to have your subjects turn their back to the sun. This way they are effectively in open shade, and the sunlight giving a rim lighting. This does mean carefully ...

40% of U.S. population chronically deficient in vitamin D due to lack of sunlight exposure, says Dr. Michael Holick, author of UV Advantage

The Giotto and Vega missions gave planetary scientists their first view of Halleys surface and structure. Like all comets, as Halley nears the Sun, its volatile compounds (those with low boiling points, such as water, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other ices) begin to sublime from the surface of its nucleus.[49] This causes the comet to develop a coma, or atmosphere, up to 100,000 km across.[3] Evaporation of this dirty ice releases dust particles, which travel with the gas away from the nucleus. Gas molecules in the coma absorb solar light and then re-radiate it at different wavelengths, a phenomenon known as fluorescence, whereas dust particles scatter the solar light. Both processes are responsible for making the coma visible.[13] As a fraction of the gas molecules in the coma are ionized by the solar ultraviolet radiation,[13] pressure from the solar wind, a stream of charged particles emitted by the Sun, pulls the comas ions out into a long tail, which may extend more than 100 ...

We have shown that anthropogenic forcings do not polynomially cointegrate with global temperature and solar irradiance. Therefore, data for 1880-2007 do not support the anthropogenic interpretation of global warming during this period. This key result is shown graphically in Fig. 3 where the vertical axis measures the component of global temperature that is unexplained by solar irradiance according to our estimates. In panel a the horizontal axis measures the anomaly in the anthropogenic trend when the latter is derived from forcings of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. In panel b the horizontal axis measures this anthropogenic anomaly when apart from these greenhouse gas forcings, it includes tropospheric aerosols and black carbon. Panels a and b both show that there is no relationship between temperature and the anthropogenic anomaly, once the warming effect of solar irradiance is taken into consideration. ...

A combination of sensor calibration error and uncertainty in the solar irradiance can cause very large errors in the computations of the water radiance contribution to the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS)-measured radiances. This is especially true when the atmospheric correction algorithm is applied in a horizontally inhomogeneous atmosphere. These possible errors can be considerably reduced through spectral measurements of the aerosol optical thickness and upwelled subsurface radiances coincident with a CZCS overpass on a very clear day. For future instruments it is suggested that provision be made for the sensor to view solar irradiance in diffuse reflection. The analysis presented shows that with such a system the error is reduced to a level even below that which would be applicable if the solar irradiance were known precisely.. © 1981 Optical Society of America. Full Article , PDF Article ...

A small excerpt from the Scientific Overview:. There is a lot of confusion caused by different public health messages that are often one-sided and focus mainly on the adverse effects while completely neglecting any health benefits of moderate and responsible exposure to UV radiation. Actually, many scientists agree, that if practiced in moderation and especially avoiding sunburn, the health benefits far outweigh the adverse effects! Furthermore, in a professional studio, sunbeds provide the advantage of being in a controlled environment in comparison to sunlight exposure. An often overlooked fact is also, that the sun and sunbeds provide other health benefits besides the mainly mentioned vitamin D synthesis. Exposure to UV radiation is also releasing nitric oxide in the skin which has a vasodilative effect on the blood vessels and therefore decreases hypertension and the risk for other cardiovascular diseases. Other mediators include serotonin, beta-endorphin, among others, which contribute to ...

First of all, babies rarely need vitamin D supplements. The babies who do need these supplements need them due to a lack of sufficient sunlight. Factors that put your breastfed baby at risk for vitamin D deficiency (rickets) are: • Baby has very little exposure to sunlight. For example: if you live in a far northern latitude, if you live in an urban area where tall buildings and pollution block sunlight, if baby is always completely covered and kept out of the sun, if baby is always inside during the day, or if you always apply high-SPF sunscreen. • Both mother and baby have darker skin and thus require more sun exposure to generate an adequate amount of vitamin D. Again, this is a not enough sunlight issue - the darker your skin pigmentation, the greater the amount of sun exposure needed. There is not much information available on how much more sunlight is needed if you have medium or darker toned skin. See the section below regarding amount of sunlight needed. • Mother is deficient in ...

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The effect of three moisture levels and three shade regimes on the growth of D x P ex Kusi oil palm seedlings was investigated at the Oil Palm Research Institute, Kusi between July 1998 and February 2000 in a factorial experiment laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications. The moisture treatments investigated were W1 (50-60 % field capacity), W2 (65-75 % field capacity) and W3 (80-90 % field capacity). The shade treatments investigated were S1 (0 % shade), S2 (50 % shade) and S3 (75 % shade). Data was collected on leaf number per plant, plant height, butt circumference and leaf area as well as dry weight of plant parts and total dry matter. There were significant effects due to shade and shade x moisture interactions on seedling growth. Seedlings under 50% shade (50% full sunlight) in combination with low moisture supply (50-60% field capacity) were comparable in growth to those under 0% shade (100% full sunlight) with high moisture supply (80-90% field capacity). During ...