MicroRNAs play a key role in the control of plant development and response to adverse environmental conditions. For example, microRNA395 (miR395), which targets three out of four isoforms of ATP sulfurylase, the first enzyme of sulfate assimilation, as well as a low-affinity sulfate transporter, SULTR2;1, is strongly induced by sulfate deficiency. However, other components of sulfate assimilation are induced by sulfate starvation, so that the role of miR395 is counterintuitive. Here, we describe the regulation of miR395 and its targets by sulfate starvation. We show that miR395 is important for the increased translocation of sulfate to the shoots during sulfate starvation. MiR395 together with the SULFUR LIMITATION 1 transcription factor maintain optimal levels of ATP sulfurylase transcripts to enable increased flux through the sulfate assimilation pathway in sulfate-deficient plants. Reduced expression of ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) alone affects both sulfate translocation and flux, but SULTR2;1 is ...
This investigation was designed to determine if sulfate metabolism is the function of a particular cell organelle, or whether the site of sulfation varies, depending upon the type of cell and the class of sulfated compound. Rats and mice were injected intravenously with inorganic sulfate labeled with 35S (H235SO4), and were then killed by vascular perfusion of fixative 5-30 min later. Several tissues were prepared for electron microscope autoradiography. 14 different types of specialized cells which incorporated the labeled sulfate were analyzed. In every case, the sulfate was initially detected in the smooth membranes and vesicles of the Golgi complex. Available evidence indicates that these cells were engaged in the synthesis of several different sulfated compounds, including mucopolysaccharides, glycoproteins, lipids, and steroids. These results lead to the generalization that the enzymes required for the transfer of inorganic sulfate to a variety of acceptor molecules are located in the ...
Measurements of bacterial sulfate reduction and dissolved oxygen (O2) in hypersaline bacterial mats from Baja California, Mexico, revealed that sulfate reduction occurred consistently within the well-oxygenated photosynthetic zone of the mats. This evidence that dissimilatory sulfate reduction can occur in the presence of O2 challenges the conventional view that sulfate reduction is a strictly anaerobic process. At constant temperature, the rates of sulfate reduction in oxygenated mats during daytime were similar to rates in anoxic mats at night: thus, during a 24-hour cycle, variations in light and O2 have little effect on rates of sulfate reduction in these mats. ...
We assessed the relative merits of two approaches for including polarization effects in classical force fields for the sulfate anion. One of the approaches is the explicit shell model for atomic polarization and the other is an implicit dielectric continuum representation of the electronic polarization, wherein the polarizability density is spatially uniform. Both the solvation and ion association properties of sulfate were considered. We carried out an ab initio molecular dynamics simulation for a single sulfate anion in aqueous solution to obtain a benchmark for the solvation structure. For the ion-pairing properties, the models were compared to experimental thermodynamic data through Kirkwood-Buff theory, which relates the integrals of the pair correlation functions to measurable properties. While deficiencies were found for both of the approaches, the continuum polarization model was not systematically worse than the shell model. The shell model was found to give a more structured solution ...
More than 500 sulfated compounds have been isolated from marine organisms so far but most of them originate from two phyla only, Spongia and Echinodermata. The sulfated compounds are presented according to the phyla they have been identified from and to their chemical structures. Biological activiti …
Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and dissimilatory sulfate reduction, two of the oldest energy conserving respiratory systems on Earth, apparently could not have evolved in the same host, as sulfite, an intermediate of sulfate reduction, inhibits methanogenesis. However, certain methanogenic archaea metabolize sulfite employing a deazaflavin cofactor (F420)-dependent sulfite reductase (Fsr) where N- and C-terminal halves (Fsr-N and Fsr-C) are homologs of F420H2 dehydrogenase and dissimilatory sulfite reductase (Dsr), respectively. From genome analysis we found that Fsr was likely assembled from freestanding Fsr-N homologs and Dsr-like proteins (Dsr-LP), both being abundant in methanogens. Dsr-LPs fell into two groups defined by following sequence features: Group I (simplest), carrying a coupled siroheme-[Fe4-S4] cluster and sulfite-binding Arg/Lys residues; Group III (most complex), with group I features, a Dsr-type peripheral [Fe4-S4] cluster and an additional [Fe4-S4] cluster. Group II Dsr-LPs ...
The viability of low-temperature sulfate reduction with hydrogen as electron donor was studied with a bench-scale gas-lift bioreactor (GLB) operated at 9 degrees C. Prior to the GLB experiment, the temperature range of sulfate reduction of the inoculum was assayed. The results of the temperature gradient assay indicated that the inoculum was a psychrotolerant mesophilic enrichment culture that had an optimal temperature for sulfate reduction of 31 degrees C, and minimum and maximum temperatures of 7 degrees C and 41 degrees C, respectively. In the GLB experiment at 9 degrees C, a sulfate reduction rate of 500-600 mg l(-1) d(-1), corresponding to a specific activity of 173 mg SO42- g VSS-1 d(-1), was obtained. The electron flow from the consumed H-2-gas to sulfate reduction varied between 27% and 52%, whereas the electron flow to acetate production decreased steadily from 15% to 5%. No methane was produced. Acetate was produced from CO2 and H-2 by homoacetogenic bacteria. Acetate supported the ...
General Information: Lithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing. Denitrification, Dissimilatory sulfate reduction. Moderately halophilic, obligately alkaliphilic and chemolithoautotrophic, Gram-negative bacterium isolated from a mixed culture capable of complete autotrophic denitrification with thiosulfate as electron donor at pH 10; the mixed culture was enriched from sediment from Lake Fazda (Wadi Natrun, Egypt), a hypersaline alkaline lake. ...
Although controversial, the idea that hydrothermal systems may have been the site for prebiotic synthesis of organic molecules and origin of life is widely supported. For the nascent life to survive, it must have had some sort of metabolic mechanism for generating energy. However, little is known of the specific metabolic pathways utilized by the early life forms or the effect of high temperatures on their activity. Recent research on natural high temperature aquatic environments, though limited because of difficult field logistics and experimental problems, is revolutionizing our understanding of possible energy-generating redox pathways, such as sulphate reduction. An abridged review of research on thermophilic sulphate reduction is presented here. Because of a complex interplay between microbiological and geochemical entities involved, and the uncertainties that modern hydrothermal systems are proxy for biogeochemical conditions on early Earth, great caution is required for interpretation and ...
Geochemical data from ancient sedimentary successions provide evidence for the progressive evolution of Earths atmosphere and oceans1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Key stages in increasing oxygenation are postulated for the Palaeoproterozoic era (~2.3 billion years ago, Gyr ago) and the late Proterozoic eon (about 0.8 Gyr ago), with the latter implicated in the subsequent metazoan evolutionary expansion8. In support of this rise in oxygen concentrations, a large database1, 2, 3, 9 shows a marked change in the bacterially mediated fractionation of seawater sulphate to sulphide of Δ34S , 25‰ before 1 Gyr to ≥50‰ after 0.64 Gyr. This change in Δ34S has been interpreted to represent the evolution from single-step bacterial sulphate reduction to a combination of bacterial sulphate reduction and sulphide oxidation, largely bacterially mediated3, 7, 9. This evolution is seen as marking the rise in atmospheric oxygen concentrations and the evolution of non-photosynthetic sulphide-oxidizing bacteria3, 7, ...
Control of S flux from sulphate to cysteine appears to be controlled in several ways (Figure 4). The first concerns the transcriptional control over the
Sulfated Peptide Standards are lyophilized peptides that are useful for the standardization and method development of sulfoproteomic analyses. Each Peptide Standard is Certified Mass Spec Grade and provided in convenient, lyophilized vials for easy reconstitution and usage.
SULFATEQ™ removes sulphate to less than 300 mg/l and converts it into hydrophilic (non-clogging) elemental sulphur. In addition, it recovers valuable metals such as copper, nickel and zinc as marketable metal sulphides. Lime treatment for sulphate removal no longer meets the authorities requirements for sulphate concentrations or total dissolved solids. Reverse osmosis and ion exchange do not completely solve the problem either. They merely concentrate the pollutants, whereas SULFATEQ™ converts the pollutants into a valuable product. The typical range for the application of SULFATEQ™ is an influent sulphate concentration of 1,000-25,000 mg/l and a pH level of 2-8. SULFATEQ™ is used as a standalone installation or as the final treatment at a lime-gypsum plant. The power of this technology lies in its ability to solve multiple problems with one installation: sulphate removal and simultaneous metal recovery.
Our flexible sulfate removal process consists of a sulfate precipitation stage at pH 11-13 using lime milk and aluminum, followed by a final neutralization stage using carbon dioxide. Gypsum precipitation can be included before the sulfate removal stage when required.. The process, built on easy-to-understand chemistry, can be applied to sulfate removal from gypsum saturated waters. Importantly, sulfate can be precipitated even when it is associated with highly soluble sodium and potassium sulfates. The sulfate concentration after treatment is typically 200-1000 mg/L. A level below 200 mg/L can be achieved with enhanced precipitation chemistry.. In addition to sulfate removal, the process includes advanced removal of metal impurities such as Ni, Cd, Cu, and Zn as metal hydroxides. The final product includes treated water with a low sulfate concentration for discharge or re-use, and stable, solid precipitate with a high buffer capacity.. ...
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
How do you test for sulfate levels? Is the sulfate level likely to get high using dry acid to decrease pH using liquid chlorine following TFP guidelines?
The metabolic fate of potassium dodecyl [35S]sulphate was studied in rats. Intraperitoneal and oral administration of the ester into free-ranging animals were followed by the excretion of the bulk of the radioactivity in the urine within 12hr., approximately 17% being eliminated as inorganic [35S]sulphate. Similar results were obtained in experiments in which potassium dodecyl [35S]sulphate was injected intravenously into anaesthetized rats with bile-duct and ureter cannulae. Analysis of urinary radioactivity revealed the presence of a new ester sulphate (metabolite A). This metabolite was isolated, purified and subsequently identified as the sulphate ester of 4-hydroxybutyric acid by paper, thin-layer and gas chromatography, by paper electrophoresis and by comparison of its properties with those of authentic butyric acid 4-sulphate. The identity of the metabolite was confirmed by isotope-dilution experiments. When either purified metabolite A or authentic potassium butyric acid 4[35S]-sulphate ...
Hey, guys! Im gettin up on my little blogger soap box to tell you youre caring for yourself in a harmful way. That is, if you use products with sulfates. Say naahhhh to sulfates.. Check the ingredients on the back of your face wash and your shampoo. If anything listing ingredients that sound like sulfate- is toward the top of the list, its bad news.. Why? Soaps strip your skin and hair; its just the facts. Sulfates are soaps. Find out more details by clicking here.. So do you have to go high-end and spend lotsa dollars to get sulfate-free cleansers? Not exactly. Even expensive cleansers can have sulfates! For example, this: ...
Isotopic distribution is a function of physical and biological processes. In general, equilibrium-controlled reactions occur at high temperatures among solid phases, whereas low-temperature reactions, especially those mediated by organisms, are kinetically controlled. The solar and stellar abundance of isotopes is poorly known. Knowledge of extra-terrestrial distributions of the isotopes of light elements presently comes from lunar and meteorite measurements. On Earth, the elements associated with biological synthesis which have been studied most intensively, are hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur. In general, reduced products of metabolism are enriched in light isotopes. Thus, 1H and 12C are enriched in hydrogen gas and methane, when produced by fermentation or CO2 reduction. Nitrogen gas is enriched in 14N when produced by denitrification, and H2S is highly enriched in 32S when it results from sulphate reduction. A pattern of biological enrichment factors has been recognized on ...
For use with EPA Method 300.0 and ASTM Method D4327; Sulfate anion at 1000μg/mL in aqueous solution of K|sub|2|/sub|SO|sub|4|/sub| Shop Sulfate Standard for Ion Chromatography,
Vald s, Freddy et al. Effect of sulphate concentration and sulphide desorption on the combined removal of organic matter and sulphate from wastewaters using expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors . Electron. J. Biotechnol., July 2006, vol.9, no.4, p.0-0. ISSN 0717- ...
Skin decorin (DCN) is an antiadhesive dermatan sulfate-rich proteoglycan that interacts with thrombospondin-1 (TSP) and inhibits fibroblast adhesion to TSP [Winnemoller et al., 1992]. Molecular mechanisms by which DCN interacts with TSP and inhibits cell adhesion to TSP are unknown. In the present study, we showed that skin DCN and bone DCN (chondroitin sulfate-rich proteoglycan) were quantitatively identical with respect to their ability to interact with TSP. Using a series of fusion proteins corresponding to the different structural domains of TSP, binding of [125I]DCN to TSP was found to be dependent of the N-terminal domain and, to a lesser extent, of the type 1 repeats and the C-terminal domain of TSP. In addition, heparan sulfate drastically inhibited [125I]DCN binding to solid-phase adsorbed TSP (80% inhibition), suggesting that DCN could bind to the N-terminal domain of TSP through interaction with heparin-binding sequences. To address this question, a series of synthetic peptides, ...
This gene is one member of a family of sulfate/anion transporter genes. Family members are well conserved in their genomic (number and size of exons) and protein (aa length among species) structures yet have markedly different tissue expression patterns. This gene is expressed primarily in spermatocytes. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found.[3] ...
Soil column was equipped with the sediments and aquifer media collected from Weihe Riverbed and its bank, and was used to research the...
Provides the optimum potency and the ideal form (All Sulfate) of the most important ingredient for the maintenance and repair of healthy joint tissue.
Fifth Season Gardening Company offers a 30 day Return Policy on any items that you would like to return or exchange. In order for your return to be accepted we must receive your request within 30 days of your receipt of the item(s) in question. All return items must be in their original packaging and in saleable condition before credit or replacements will be issued. Customers will be required to pay any shipping fees associated with the return. How to Submit a Return. 1. Login to your Account and select the Order to return. 2. Select Return Items from the bottom of the page. 3. Select the Item(s) for Return and specify a Quantity. 4. Specify a Reason for your Return in the fields provided and hit Send. Please not that we do not accept returns on any of the bulbs in our lighting selection or any measured and cut material(s). For any Warranty issues please refer to the Warranty Service section under the Customer Support tab at the bottom of the page. ...
Synthetic sulfates are the ones you should be worried about. Learn the facts about this ingredient and what you should do about it.
Abstract. A novel, high-yielding method for sulfation of alcohols proceeds via sulfite- and sulfate diester intermediates. Sulfite diesters serve as versatile sulfate monoester precursors, that allow interesting transformations.. ...
All pieces are sold with a full description of the fossil and its origins, and comes with a money-back, lifetime guarantee of authenticity ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - High rates of anaerobic methanotrophy at low sulfate concentrations with implications for past and present methane levels. AU - Beal, EJ. AU - Claire, MW. AU - House, CH. PY - 2011/3. Y1 - 2011/3. N2 - Despite the importance of the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) to global biogeochemical cycles, the relationship between sulfate concentration and the rate of AOM has not been previously experimentally constrained. Here, we present measurements showing substantial methane oxidation at low sulfate concentrations, with no significant decrease in the rate of AOM until sulfate levels are well below 1 mm. At sulfate levels below 1 mm, there appears to be a strong decoupling of AOM and sulfate reduction, with a 13C-label transferred from methane to carbon dioxide occurring at a rate almost an order of magnitude faster than the observed rate of sulfate reduction. These results allow for the possibility that high rates of AOM occurred in the Archean oceans and that high rates of AOM ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Draft genome sequence of Bacillus sp. strain BSC154, isolated from biological soil crust of Moab, Utah. AU - Bailey, Alexis C.. AU - Kellom, Matthew. AU - Poret-Peterson, Amisha T.. AU - Noonan, Kathryn. AU - Hartnettc, Hilairy E.. AU - Raymond, Jason. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - Bacillus sp. BSC154 was isolated from a biological soil crust near Moab, Utah. The strain appears to be capable of chemotaxis and biofilm production. The BSC154 genome contains iron siderophore production, nitrate reduction, mixed acid-butanediol fermentation, and assimilatory and dissimilatory sulfate metabolism pathways.. AB - Bacillus sp. BSC154 was isolated from a biological soil crust near Moab, Utah. The strain appears to be capable of chemotaxis and biofilm production. The BSC154 genome contains iron siderophore production, nitrate reduction, mixed acid-butanediol fermentation, and assimilatory and dissimilatory sulfate metabolism pathways.. UR - ...
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We studied the annual variability of the concentration and isotopic composition of main sulfur species and sulfide oxidation intermediates in the water column of monomictic fresh-water Lake Kinneret. Sulfate concentrations in the lake are |1 mM and similar to concentrations that are proposed to have existed in the Paleoproterozoic ocean. The main goal of this research was to explore biogeochemical constrains of sulfur cycling in the modern low-sulfate fresh-water lake and to identify which processes may be responsible for the isotopic composition of sulfur species in the Precambrian sedimentary rocks. At the deepest point of the lake, the sulfate inventory decreases by more than 20% between March and December due to microbial sulfate reduction leading to the buildup of hydrogen sulfide. During the initial stages of stratification, sulfur isotope fractionation between sulfate and hydrogen sulfide is low (11.6 ‰) and sulfur oxyanions (e.g. thiosulfate and sulfite) are the main products of the incomplete
Article Photocatalysis assisted by peroxymonosulfate and persulfate for benzotriazole degradation: effect of pH on sulfate and hydroxyl radicals. Recently, notable attempts have been devoted to removing emerging pollutants from water resources. Benzo...
Three decades of study of laminated mats in low-sulfate thermal springs have provided a better understanding of the microbial diversity of these communities and highlighted the importance of a number of metabolic processes, including oxygenic photosynthesis by the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus lividus (31), cross-feeding between cyanobacteria and photoheterotrophic Chloroflexus-type filaments (2), nitrogen fixation (34), methanogenesis (40, 47), and acetogenesis, and the importance of anaerobic processes in decomposition and mineralization (1, 12, 34). Although the contribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria to processes in photosynthetic mats in high-sulfate hypersaline environments is well documented (11, 24, 25, 29, 30, 32), their contributions to processes in mats that develop in low-sulfate environments are less well studied. However, the study of sulfate respiration in microbial mats in low-sulfate environments is especially relevant to understanding the evolution of these ...
Mechanisms for inhibition of sulfate reduction and methane production in the zone of Fe(III) reduction in sediments were investigated. Addition of amorphic iron(III) oxyhydroxide to sediments in which sulfate reduction was the predominant terminal electron-accepting process inhibited sulfate reduction 86 to 100%. The decrease in electron flow to sulfate reduction was accompanied by a corresponding increase in electron flow to Fe(III) reduction. In a similar manner, Fe(III) additions also inhibited methane production in sulfate-depleted sediments. The inhibition of sulfate reduction and methane production was the result of substrate limitation, because the sediments retained the potential for sulfate reduction and methane production in the presence of excess hydrogen and acetate. Sediments in which Fe(III) reduction was the predominant terminal electron-accepting process had much lower concentrations of hydrogen and acetate than sediments in which sulfate reduction or methane production was the ...
A simple, sensitive and environmentally friendly capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of free sulfate anions in heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin with indirect UV detection is reported. The background electrolyte consists of 20 mM nitrate (pH 5.5) containing 0.2 mM CTAB. The use of nitrate as the probe anion is based on the consideration that nitrate has a very close electrophoretic mobility to that of sulfate, leading to a very narrow peak shape. Moreover, the apparent molar absorptivity of nitrate at 202 nm (8413 L mol(-1) cm(-1)) is much higher than that of the commonly used probe anion chromate at 254 nm (2400 L mol(-1) cm(-1)). The combination of the narrow peak shape with the high apparent molar absorptivity of the probe ion improved the limit of detection by 2.4 times and the limit of quantitation by 3.2 times. The effect of various CE parameters on the separation of sulfate from chloride was investigated and optimized. The method displays linearity in the range ...
Manganese Sulfate Monohydrate Granular/Powder DESCRIPTION: Chemical Formula: MnSO 4 H 2 O CA S No.:10034-96-5 SPECIFICATION: Manganese Sulfate Monohydrate Granular Items Specification Purity 98% min Mn 31.5% min As 5ppm max Pb 10ppm max Cd
Mine wastewaters generated during active mining operations or resulting from groundwater rebound at abandoned sites will have major environmental and economic implications for South Africa in the medium and longer term, particularly as active dewatering of some underground basins ceases. Active chemical treatment of the wastewaters, involving oxidation, neutralisation and sedimentation, is the most widely employed technology. Recently there has been increasing interest in passive biological treatment processes. Biological sulphate reduction is a well understood and efficient process and has been incorporated into a number of full scale treatment systems. Sulphate in acid mine drainage (AMD) streams is typically derived from the oxidation of pyrite (FeS2) resulting in a stoichiometric excess of sulphate relative to metals. As a result, even if the biological treatment system incorporates a metal sulphide precipitation step there will be a surplus of sulphide, from the sulphate reduction step. ...
Mine wastewaters generated during active mining operations or resulting from groundwater rebound at abandoned sites will have major environmental and economic implications for South Africa in the medium and longer term, particularly as active dewatering of some underground basins ceases. Active chemical treatment of the wastewaters, involving oxidation, neutralisation and sedimentation, is the most widely employed technology. Recently there has been increasing interest in passive biological treatment processes. Biological sulphate reduction is a well understood and efficient process and has been incorporated into a number of full scale treatment systems. Sulphate in acid mine drainage (AMD) streams is typically derived from the oxidation of pyrite (FeS2) resulting in a stoichiometric excess of sulphate relative to metals. As a result, even if the biological treatment system incorporates a metal sulphide precipitation step there will be a surplus of sulphide, from the sulphate reduction step. ...
Shop a large selection of Manganese Sulfate Monohydrate, (Crystalline),MP Biomedicals products and learn more about Manganese Sulfate Monohydrate, (Crystalline),MP Biomedicals
Sulfur is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. Sulfur is a constituent of proteins, the plasma membrane and cell walls, among other important cellular components. To obtain new insights into the gene regulatory networks underlying the sulfate response, we performed an integrative meta-analysis of transcriptomic data from five different sulfate experiments available in public databases. This bioinformatic approach allowed us to identify a robust set of genes whose expression depends only on sulfate availability, indicating that those genes play an important role in the sulfate response. In relation to sulfate metabolism, the biological function of approximately 45% of these genes is currently unknown. Moreover, we found several consistent Gene Ontology terms related to biological processes that have not been extensively studied in the context of the sulfate response; these processes include cell wall organization, carbohydrate metabolism, nitrogen compound transport, and the regulation
Genes whose expression is regulated by sulfate starvation in Escherichia coli were identified by generating random translational lacZ fusions in the chromosome with the lambda placMu9 system. Nine lacZ fusion strains which expressed beta-galactosidase after growth under sulfate starvation conditions but not after growth in the presence of sulfate were found. These included two strains with insertions in the dmsA and rhsD genes, respectively, and seven strains in which the insertions were located within a 1.8-kb region downstream of hemB at 8.5 minutes on the E. coli chromosome. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of this region indicated the presence of four open reading frames designated tauABCD. Disruption of these genes resulted in the loss of the ability to utilize taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonate) as a source of sulfur but did not affect the utilization of a range of other aliphatic sulfonates as sulfur sources. The TauA protein contained a putative signal peptide for transport into the ...
In inland areas of northwest central Florida, sulfate concentrations in the Upper Floridan aquifer are extremely variable and sometimes exceed drinking water standards (250 milligrams per liter). This is unusual because the aquifer is unconfined and near the surface, allowing for active recharge. The sources of sulfate and geochemical processes controlling ground-water composition were evaluated in this area. Water was sampled from thirty-three wells in parts of Marion, Sumter, and Citrus Counties, within the Southwest Florida Water Management District; these included at least a shallow and a deep well at fifteen separate locations. Ground water was analyzed for major ions, selected trace constituents, dissolved organic carbon, and stable isotopes (sulfur-34 of sulfate and sulfide, carbon-13 of inorganic carbon, deuterium, and oxygen-18). Sulfate concentrations ranged from less than 0.2 to 1,400 milligrams per liter, with higher sulfate concentrations usually in water from deeper wells. The ...
The demonstration of CDO and SO protein and mRNA in human alveolar epithelial cells suggests that these enzymes are responsible for the production of sulfate in situ, which can then be converted to the substrate for phase II sulfotransferases or be used for the sulfation of structural components of the alveolus. Sulfate is present within the alveolus,13 as demonstrated by the expression of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate proteoglycans within the human alveoli,14,15 but there has been no direct measurement of sulfate production to date. The presence of the metabolic machinery for sulfate production in the epithelial cells of the alveolus, as shown in our study, does not prove conclusively that sulfate production actually occurs here. It is possible that PAPS, the sulfate carrier for sulfation reactions, may be transported to the lung after synthesis elsewhere in the body, but no evidence for this has yet been provided. However, the presence of sulfated proteins within the alveolus suggests ...
Tyrosine sulfation is a post-translational modification that facilitates protein-protein interaction. Two sulfated tyrosines (Tys173 and Tys177) were recently identified within the second variable (V2) loop of the major HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp120, and shown to contribute to stabilizing the intramolecular interaction between V2 and the third variable (V3) loop. Here, we report that tyrosine-sulfated peptides derived from V2 act as structural and functional mimics of the CCR5 N-terminus and potently block HIV-1 infection. Nuclear magnetic and surface plasmon resonance analyses indicate that a tyrosine-sulfated V2 peptide (pV2α-Tys) adopts a CCR5-like helical conformation and directly interacts with gp120 in a CD4-dependent fashion, competing with a CCR5 N-terminal peptide. Sulfated V2 mimics, but not their non-sulfated counterparts, inhibit HIV-1 entry and fusion by preventing coreceptor utilization, with the highly conserved C-terminal sulfotyrosine, Tys177, playing a dominant role. ...
Sulfate-reducing bacteria comprise a diverse and ecologically interactive group of anaerobic prokaryotes which share an extraordinary trait: growth by sulfate respiration with hydrogen sulfide as a major end-product. Sulfate-reducers are found in diverse environments ranging from estuaries to geological oil-bearing formations.
Place of Origin:ChinaBrand Name:RECHModel Number:RECH03Certification:ISO9001/ FAMIQSFor soils deficient in Manganese (Mn), apply this fast-acting source of Mn to the soil. Can be broadcast, side banded or foliar sprayed. Apply according to soil test resul...
Manganese sulfate tetrahydrate | H8MnO8S | CID 22572548 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more.
Squaramide-based tripodal anion receptors 1-3 have been prepared and their anion binding properties with various inorganic anions were investigated. Receptor 1 formed a dimeric complex in solid state and a 1 : 1 complex in solution with SO42−. All receptors 1-3 could selectively encapsulate SO42−via hydrogen
Shop High affinity sulfate transporter ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and High affinity sulfate transporter Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.
Shop Probable sulfate transporter ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Probable sulfate transporter Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.
Sulfate is essential for normal physiology. The kidney plays a major role in sulfate homeostasis. Sulfate is freely filtered and strongly reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. The apical membrane Na+-sulfate cotransporter NaS1 (SLC13A1) mediates sulfate (re)absorption across renal proximal tubule and small intestinal epithelia. NaS1 encodes a 595-amino acid (≈66 kDa) protein with 13 putative transmembrane domains. Its substrate preferences are sodium and sulfate, thiosulfate, and selenate, and its activity is inhibited by molybdate, selenate, tungstate, thiosulfate, succinate, and citrate. NaS1 is primarily expressed in the kidney (proximal tubule) and intestine (duodenum to colon). NaS1 expression is down-regulated in the renal cortex by high sulfate diet, hypothyroidism, vitamin D depletion, glucocorticoids, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, and NSAIDs and up-regulated by low sulfate diet, thyroid hormone, vitamin D supplementation, growth hormone, chronic renal failure, and during post-natal ...
The effects of Na2S04 addition to cement pastes containing PNS superplasticizer with different molecular weight were investigated in different parameters of cem
The corresponding metal sulfate would be MSO_4........... Why? We gots M_3(PO_4)_2; now phosphate anion is formally PO_4^(3-), i.e. a salt of phosphoric acid, H_3PO_4. And in the given formula we have 2xxPO_4^(3-), a formal electronic charge of -6. Clearly, to form a neutral salt, the three metal ions must have a combined formal charge of +6, and given this we have M^(2+) ions....... And thus the salt the metal forms with sulfate anion would be 1:1, i.e. M^(2+)SO_4^(2-).
|img src=q.gif>|br>Sodium sulfate is added to glass formulas as a source of sodium and to prevent scumming. Sodium sulfate glasses are harder, stronger and have a higher softening point than soda-lime glasses without the sulfate addition.
Hanford low-activity waste solutions contain sulfate, which can cause accelerated corrosion of the vitrification melter and unacceptable operating conditions. A method is needed to selectively separate sulfate from the waste. An experiment was conducted to evaluate evaporation for removing sulfate ion from Tank AN-107 low-activity waste. Two evaporation steps were performed. In the first step, the volume was reduced by 55% while in the second step, the liquid volume was reduced another 22%. Analysis of the solids precipitated during these evaporations revealed that large amounts of sodium nitrate and nitrite co-precipitated with sodium sulfate. Many other waste components precipitated as well. It can be concluded that sulfate removal by precipitation is not selective, and thus, evaporation is not a viable option for removing sulfate from the AN-107 liquid.
Reactome is pathway database which provides intuitive bioinformatics tools for the visualisation, interpretation and analysis of pathway knowledge.
Direct road mortality and the barrier effect of roads are typically identified as one of the greatest threats to wildlife. In addition, collisions with large mammals are also a threat to human safety and represent an ...
Grade: Biotech Appearance Fine, white homogeneous powder Moisture content ≤10% Gel Strength 1.5% ≥1,120 g/cm2 Gelling Point 34.5 - 37.5°C Electroendosmosis-Mr 0.09-0.13 Sulfate ≤0.15% DNase , RNase and protease None detected ...
Properties: Pale red, slightly efflorescent crystals; loses all water at 400-450°. Sol in about 1 part cold, 0.6 part boiling water; insol in alcohol. ...
Tyrosine sulfation Tyrosine sulfation is a posttranslational modification where a sulfate group is added to a tyrosine residue of a protein molecule. Secreted
I have always been interested in the sulphation pathway as addition of a sulphate group can make dramatic changes to the properties of both drugs and tissue components. Our group first started working in the field of autism about 15 years ago, when we were asked to measure the metabolism of paracetamol in an autistic child. At the time, I had only heard the orthodox medical view that autism was all in the mind and had no biochemical basis. To our great surprise, we found that children with autism, unlike the age-matched controls, were much less able to form the sulphate conjugate of paracetamol, although the other metabolic pathways were normal. We went on to look at the levels of sulphate in the blood plasma, because sulphation capacity depends on both the amount of sulphate available and also the activity of the enzyme that carries out the reaction. We found that autistic children generally had low sulphate levels, typically about 10-15% of the control values. Sulphate is produced in vivo by ...
Alternative Description: Manganous sulfate. Formula: MnSO₄.H₂O. M.W. 169.01. CAS No: 10034-96-5. EEC No: 232-089-9. Warning. Hazard: H373, H411. Precaution: P273. The National Counter Terrorism Security Office seeks to restrict the supply of certain chemicals. Philip Harris have a duty to control the supply for these chemicals and any private individual attempting to purchase these chemicals may have their details passed to the police in their area. If you require waste disposal within the UK, please contact All Waste Matters Ltd on [email protected] for a quote.. ...
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Current methods to recover sulfates from wastewater streams are limited in their capability to work in challenging industrial conditions and/or to generate a new revenue stream from the recovered sulfates. Hence, SUEZ is looking for a solution to solve these two limitations.  This Theoretical Challenge requires only a written proposal.
Limit test for sulfates is based on precipitation of sulfate ions by barium chloride reagent. The test samples turbidity is compared with the standard.
Sulfate Contents In Fine Aggregate Fo ConcreteSulfate Contents In Fine Aggregate Fo Concrete. We are a large-scale manufacturer specializing in producing variou
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Note: Compound that is a salt with the sulfate ion SO4 2-, or an ester of sulfuric acid. Sulfates comprise an enormous group of chemicals that contain the element sulfur. Sulfates are used in a variety of common products and processes ...
Sulfates: it turns out theyre all around us, in our air, water, food, medications and hygiene products -- its true for us and also true for our beloved pooches. The name
Did you know that the really foamy lather produced by your shampoo is due to sulfates within the ingredients of the Shampoo and could actually be damaging you
Sulfate, any of numerous chemical compounds related to sulfuric acid, H2SO4. One group of these derivatives is composed of salts containing the sulfate ion, SO42-, and positively charged ions such as those of sodium, magnesium, or ammonium; a second group is composed of esters, in which the
To Determine the amount of Sulfate by Gravimetric Method This method is valid for 20-100mg/l Principle: sulfate ion is precipitated and weighed as BaSO4. The solution is first acidified with HCL to prevent the precipitation of BaCO3 and Ba(OH)2 and it also aids the larger precipitate crystals. Procedure: Take 200ml …. Read More » ...
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Hi, just to add on, if you look at the example we did in lecture where we assigned formal charged to a sulfate ion (SO4^2-) we see that two of the oxygen atoms had a -1 charge while all the other atoms had 0 charge. Because two atoms had a -1 charge, the total charge for the molecule was -2 ...