Shop Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase leader peptide ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase leader peptide Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.

mmsA; methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase; K00140 malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) / methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.1.18 1.2.1.27] ...

Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), also known as 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria or gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the degradation pathway of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. The disorder has been identified in approximately 350 families, with a significant proportion being consanguineous families. The first case was identified in 1981 and published in a Dutch clinical chemistry journal that highlighted a person with a number of neurological conditions such as delayed intellectual, motor, speech, and language as the most common manifestations. Later cases reported in the early 1990s began to show that hypotonia, hyporeflexia, seizures, and a nonprogressive ataxia were frequent clinical features as well. SSADH deficiency is caused by an enzyme deficiency in GABA degradation. Under normal conditions, SSADH works with the enzyme GABA transaminase to convert GABA to succinic acid. Succinic acid can then be ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - S-nitrosoglutathione reductase activity of human and yeast glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase and its nuclear and cytoplasmic localisation. AU - Fernández, M. R.. AU - Biosca, J. A.. AU - Parés, X.. PY - 2003/5/1. Y1 - 2003/5/1. N2 - S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) formation represents a mechanism for storage and transport of nitric oxide. Analysis of human liver and Saccharomyces cerevisiae extracts has revealed the presence of only one enzyme able to significantly reduce GSNO, identified as glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH). GSNO is the best substrate known for the human and yeast enzymes (kcat/Km = 444,400 and 350,000 mM-1 min-1, respectively). Although NADH is the preferred cofactor, some activity with NADPH (Km = 460 μM) can be predicted in vivo. The subcellular localization demonstrates a cytosolic and nuclear distribution of FALDH in living yeast cells. This agrees with previous results in rat, and suggests a role in the regulation of ...

Description of disease Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. Treatment Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. Symptoms and causes Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency Prophylaxis Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency

Looking for online definition of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 in the Medical Dictionary? retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 explanation free. What is retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1? Meaning of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 medical term. What does retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 mean?

TY - JOUR. T1 - Sjogren-Larsson syndrome is caused by a common mutation in northern european and swedish patients. AU - De Laurenzi, Vincenzo. AU - Rogers, Geraldine R.. AU - Tarcsa, Edit. AU - Carney, Gael. AU - Marekov, Lyuben. AU - Bale, Sherri J.. AU - Compton, John G.. AU - Markova, Nelli. AU - Steinert, Peter M.. AU - Rizzo, William B.. PY - 1997. Y1 - 1997. N2 - Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital ichthyosis, mental retardation, and spastic diplegia or tetraplegia. Patients with SLS have deficient activity of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), an enzyme involved in long-chain fatty alcohol oxidation. The cDNA encoding FALDH has recently been cloned and several different mutations have been found in SLS patients. We have now identified a point mutation (C943 → T) in 7 of 19 kindreds of European descent, accounting for 24% of the SLS alleles. The C943T mutation was only found in patients of northern European ancestry from ...

Lysine biosynthesis is one of the unique metabolic capabilities of cyst forming Coccidia such as Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. Toxoplasma and Neospora genome analysis shows that they have the unique metabolic capability to synthesise lysine, an essential amino acid in humans. This capability is absent in other Apicomplexa. It has been suggested that Toxoplasma can convert aspartate into lysine via diaminopimelate pathway [1]. This pathway takes place via four different routes in different organisms (KEGG Lysine biosynthesis pathway). Of these, three variants belong to different groups of prokaryotes and the plant variant of the pathway was identified recently in Arabidopsis thaliana [2]. The first four enzymes (aspartate kinase, aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, dihydrodipicolinate synthase and dihydrodipicolinate reductase) and the last enzyme (diaminopimelate decarboxylase) is the same in all variants of the pathway and these five enzymes are present in T. gondii and N. caninum ...

Itaconic acid is one of the top bio-based chemical building blocks and thus a promising platform compound for the production of polymers, coatings, chemical compounds and biofuels. It is an important monomer for the synthesis of, e.g. poly-acrylates, rubber, colours, additives, adhesives, emulsifying agents, lipids, pharmaceuticals, herbicides and biodegradable polymers for the packaging industry. Currently, Itaconic acid is commercially produced by microbial fermentation using filamentous fungi of the genus Aspergillus, such as A. terreus. This itaconic acid producer is well characterized, but has several disadvantages. Filamentous fungi are particularly problematic as their morphology is difficult to be controlled in fermentation systems, thus the synthesis process and the quality of production is varying. The offered innovative production process of itaconic acid uses genes encoding for the biosynthesis pathway of unicellular fungi from the family of Ustilaginaceae, in particular Ustilago ...

The body of this dissertation is focused on understanding the pathomechanisms and paving the way for new treatment paradigms in human metabolic disease, particularly phenylketonuria (PKU), maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency. Phenylketonuria and MSUD are heritable aminoacidopathies displaying aberrant cerebral transport of large neutral aminoacids. This work presents evidence that non-physiological amino acids (NPAAs) have pharmacodynamic efficacy in selective exclusion of phenylalanine from the brain of phenylketonuric mice. Data is presented for feeding and intraperitoneal injection studies of various NPAA

Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glyoxylate to glycolate as well as succinic semialdehyde (SSA) to gamma-hydroxybutyrate in vitro. May function in redox homeostasis and play a role in oxidative stress tolerance by detoxifying glyoxylate and SSA generated in glycolate metabolism and GABA metabolism, respectively.

Protein target information for Chain A, Aspartate beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (Streptococcus pneumoniae). Find diseases associated with this biological target and compounds tested against it in bioassay experiments.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to the small molecule maturation inhibitor 3-O-(3',3'-dimethylsuccinyl)-betulinic acid is conferred by a variety of single amino acid substitutions at the CA-SP1 cleavage site in Gag.

The results of the present study demonstrated that combined treatment with sarpogrelate and rosuvastatin decreased hyperlipid-induced aortic injury by inhibiting p-ERK pathway activation and downregulating expression of the scavenger receptor protein, LOX-1. Furthermore, combined treatment with sarpogrelate and rosuvastatin prevented CD68+ macrophage recruitment and inflammatory cytokine release in ApoE-/- HFD mice.. A previous study reported a significant reduction in coronary stent restenosis in patients with stable angina administered sarpogrelate compared with the placebo group (30). Another study confirmed that sarpogrelate effectively decreases restenosis in patients with stable effort angina (31). Although these studies demonstrated the therapeutic effects of sarpogrelate in atherosclerotic heart disease, most studies focus on the thrombosis-inhibiting effects, whereas the effects of sarpogrelate on blood lipids have not yet been investigated. Statins are well recognized as lipid-lowering ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - S-nitrosoglutathione reductase deficiency-induced S-nitrosylation results in neuromuscular dysfunction. AU - Montagna, Costanza. AU - Di Giacomo, Giuseppina. AU - Rizza, Salvatore. AU - Cardaci, Simone. AU - Ferraro, Elisabetta. AU - Grumati, Paolo. AU - De Zio, Daniela. AU - Maiani, Emiliano. AU - Muscoli, Carolina. AU - Lauro, Filomena. AU - Ilari, Sara. AU - Bernardini, Sergio. AU - Cannata, Stefano. AU - Gargioli, Cesare. AU - Ciriolo, Maria R.. AU - Cecconi, Francesco. AU - Bonaldo, Paolo. AU - Filomeni, Giuseppe. PY - 2014/8/1. Y1 - 2014/8/1. N2 - Aims: Nitric oxide (NO) production is implicated in muscle contraction, growth and atrophy, and in the onset of neuropathy. However, many aspects of the mechanism of action of NO are not yet clarified, mainly regarding its role in muscle wasting. Notably, whether NO production-associated neuromuscular atrophy depends on tyrosine nitration or S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) formation is still a matter of debate. Here, we aim at assessing ...

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Title:Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, A Potential Drug Target for Protection of Heart and Brain from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. VOLUME: 15 ISSUE: 10. Author(s):Xiu-Ju Luo, Bin Liu, Qi-Lin Ma and Jun Peng. Affiliation:Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University. No.110 Xiang-Ya Road, Changsha, 410078, China.. Keywords:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), Alda-1, aldehyde, ischemia/reperfusion injury, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), oxidative stress.. Abstract:Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) is an isoenzyme of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH), a group of enzymes that are responsible for clearance of aldehydes in the body. In animal myocardial or cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) models, accumulation of toxic aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and malondialdehyde, is thought to be an important mechanism for myocardial and cerebral I/R injury. Among the isoenzymes of ALDH, ALDH2 is believed to play a major role in clearance ...

The single dose oral toxicity of succinic anhydride in Sprague-Dawley rats was reported as 1794.9 mg/kg bw for males and females. The acute dermal median lethal dose for succinic anhydride was found to exceed the limit dose level in rats, ,2000 mg/kg bw. Clinical signs included reduced appetite and activity, increasing weakness, collapse and death inalbino rabbits following acute dermal administration of maleic anhydride. The LD50 is between 1600 and 2600 mg/kg/day. Macroscopic evaluation showed enlarged gall bladder, discoloration of spleen and kidneys, and gastrointestinal inflammation. Similar results would be expected with succinic anhydride Acute inhalation testing is not required. The results of the granulometry indicate the L10 value for particle size was 377 µm and the L50 was greater than 1100 µm. On the basis of these results only a very small part of the particles in the batch of succinic anhydride may be smaller than 100 µm and may be respirable. The lager part of the particles ...

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Although aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) from sheep liver cytosol has a broad specificity, it will not oxidize the aldehyde group of glyoxylic acid which is in fact an inhibitor of the enzyme. The inhibition pattern is non-linear but competitive at high propionaldehyde concentrations (2-20 mM); however, a simple non-competitive pattern is observed at low (less than 100 microM) propionaldehyde concentrations (Ki = 1.6 mM). The esterase activity was unaffected by glyoxylic acid in the absence of NAD+ but a simple competitive inhibition pattern (Ki = 2.5 mM) was observed with respect to 4-nitrophenyl acetate in the presence of NAD+. The data require a two-site model in which ester and aldehyde binding sites are distinct but with a second propionaldehyde molecule, and glyoxylic acid, binding at or near the ester binding site. Consistent with this model is the fact that chloral hydrate was a non-competitive inhibitor of the esterase activity in the presence of NAD+ but a competitive inhibitor in its ...

GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It modulates the activity of several neurotransmitters including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. GABA is synthesized in a single step from its precursor glutamate by glutamic acid decarboxylase. GABA is metabolized by successive transamination and oxidation to yield succinic semialdehyde and succinic acid respectively via the catalyzing effects of GABA transaminase. The succinic semialdehyde can be converted into either succinic acid by SSADH or to GHB by the enzyme succinic semialdehyde reductase.[7] The absence of SSADH leads to a 30-fold increase of GHB and a 2-4 fold increase of GABA in the brains of patients with SSADH deficiency as compared to normal brain concentrations of the compounds. Elevations of GHB have been shown to induce spike and wave activity similar to that seen in generalized absence epilepsy in animal models as well, which has motivated researchers to increase their knowledge on the ...

Succinic anhydride can be expected to have a low potential for bioaccumulation (due to low log Pow). Information regarding the toxicokinetics and percutaneous absorption of cyclic anhydrides is available in the published literature. Toxicokinetics data on hexahydrophthalic anhydride and phthalic anhydride indicate that cyclic anhydrides are readily hydrolysed to the corresponding dicarboxylic acid, which is mainly excreted in the urine and to a lesser extent in expired air after exposure via the inhalation route. Cyclic anhydrides share structural and physicochemical properties such that following inhalation exposure. The hydrolysis product of succinic anhydride is succinic acid, an endogenous substance and food ingredient that is expected to be effectively excreted in urine. A separate toxicokinetics study on succinic anhydride is not proposed and cannot be justified based upon animal welfare considerations. Percutaneous absorption of cyclic anhydrides was investigated using hexahydrophthalic ...

SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE (MODIFIED FROM PETTE & TYLER, 1983). 1. Phosphate buffer (100mM, pH 7.6). --Solution A (1.36g KH2PO4 /100ml) 12ml. --Solution B (1.42g Na2HPO4/100ml) 88ml. 2. NBT Stock. --Phosphate buffer as above 100ml. --KCN 6.5mg. --EDTA 185mg. --Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) 100mg. Freeze in 2ml aliquots. 3. Succinate stock (500 mM sodium succinate). --Sodium succinate 2.7g. --Distilled water 20ml. Freeze in 5ml amounts. 4. Incubation medium. --NBT stock 2.0ml. --Succinate stock 0.2ml. --Phenazine methosulphate 0.7mg (one small crystal). Mix just before use, keep out of strong light.. ...

Catherine's lab focuses on virology with a specific interest in antiviral drugs. Antiviral drugs can be used to combat important viral diseases that cause medical and economic burdens; in addition they can be used as valuable tools to address basic research questions in virology.. Prior to her current position as Lecturer in Molecular Medicine at the University of St Andrews, Catherine worked as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow with Dr Eric Freed within the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) HIV Drug Resistance Program. During this time Catherine performed internationally recognized work on the novel HIV-1 maturation inhibitor bevirimat and made significant contributions to understanding the drugs mechanism of action, acquisition of drug resistance and performance in phase II clinical trials. Research into HIV-1 maturation inhibitors is on going in St Andrews; we are dissecting the relationship between drug binding and Gag-Gag multimerization during virus assembly and using a panel of ...

ACROSS MISSISSIPPI - The Mississippi State Department of Health (MSDH) reports the first death of the 2009 West Nile virus (WNV) season, has identified two new WNV cases and has identified dozens of new cases of H1N1 swine flu.. The first victim of WNV was a Washington County resident. In 2008, there were three deaths related to complications from WNV infection.. Additionally, the agency reports two new human cases of WNV, bringing the state's total number of WNV cases to six. The new cases are in Washington County. (The MSDH reports both confirmed and probable cases to the public.) Since July 2009, WNV cases have been reported in Hinds, Harrison (two), Marion and Washington (two) counties.. One case of St. Louis encephalitis has been reported in Forrest County. The Board of Animal Health has reported one case of WNV in a horse.. The MSDH reports 60 new cases of H1N1 swine flu for last week, bringing the state's total number of cases to 320. The new cases last week were in Harrison (eight), ...

The antileukemic activity of l-asparaginase (ASNase), an important component of therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, is thought to result from depletion of serum l-asparagine (Asn). In studies of the pharmacological effects of ASNase, investigators have reported prolonged reduction in the serum concentration of Asn after the administration of ASNase. Such measurements may not be valid because ASNase present in the blood sample may hydrolyze Asn before its determination. We examined recovery of [U-14C]Asn from blood samples with and without various concentrations of added ASNase. In the presence of ≥0.01 IU/ml of ASNase, the amount of [U-14C]Asn recovered was ,15% of that without ASNase. Utilizing this assay, we studied the effect of 2 known inhibitors of ASNase in an attempt to improve Asn recovery. In the presence of aspartic β semialdehyde (ASA), or 5-diazo-4-oxo-l-norvaline (DONV), and up to 1.0 IU/ml ASNase, Asn levels remained at ,90% of control. ASA prevented the hydrolysis of ...

InterPro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites. We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their individual strengths to produce a powerful integrated database and diagnostic tool.

SUMMARY: This is a final rule issued by the Deputy Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) placing gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers into Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) pursuant to Public Law 106-172. Public. [[Page 13236]]. Law 106-172 also imposes Schedule III physical security requirements for storage on registered manufacturers and distributors of GHB when it is manufactured, distributed or possessed in accordance with Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-authorized Investigational New Drug (IND) exemptions under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). In addition, this final rule places FDA-approved products containing GHB into Schedule III, if or when they are approved.. EFFECTIVE DATE: March 13, 2000.. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Frank Sapienza, Chief, Drug and Chemical Evaluation Section, Office of Diversion Control, Drug Enforcement Administration, Washington, DC 20537, (202) ...

Define propionaldehyde. propionaldehyde synonyms, propionaldehyde pronunciation, propionaldehyde translation, English dictionary definition of propionaldehyde. n. A flammable liquid, C3H6O, with a suffocating odor, used in the manufacture of plastics and rubber chemicals, and as a preservative and disinfectant....

Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and carbon black (CB) were used as filler in styrene -butadiene rubber (SBR). Beside this, itaconic acid (IA) has been applied for modification process between SBR and HNTs. In this study, effect of IA has been evaluated as a modifier between HNTs and SBR in SBR/HNTs and SBR/HNTs/CB nanocomposites. Nanocomposite samples were prepared in laboratory 2-roll mill. Cure characteristics, thermal, physico-mechanical, and morphological properties of the nanocomposites were determined. It has been concluded that, IA is effective on HNTs dispersion, but also excess amount of IA significantly retards the vulcanization reaction. HNTs may be used as a filler to modify SBR compounds with and without CB in limited ratios. ...

Isolation and Characterization of a New Methanobacterium formicicum KOR-1 from an Anaerobic Digester Using Pig Slurry - Methanogen;Anaerobic Digester;16S rRNA;mcrA;Methanobacterium formicicum;

The dicarboxylate carrier is an important member of the mitochondrial carrier family, which catalyzes an electroneutral exchange across the inner mitochondrial membrane of dicarboxylates for inorganic phosphate and certain sulfur-containing compounds. Screening of the Drosophila melanogaster genome revealed the presence of a mitochondrial carrier subfamily constituted by four potential homologs of mammalian and yeast mitochondrial dicarboxylate carriers designated as DmDic1p, DmDic2p, DmDic3p, and DmDic4p. In this paper, we report that DmDIC1 is broadly expressed at comparable levels in all development stages investigated whereas DmDIC3 and DmDIC4 are expressed only in the pupal stage, no transcripts are detectable for DmDIC2. All expressed proteins are localized in mitochondria. The transport activity of DmDic1-3-4 proteins has been investigated by reconstitution of recombinant purified protein into liposomes. DmDic1p is a typical dicarboxylate carrier showing similar substrate specificity and ...

para-Nitrophenol (PNP) is a highly toxic compound with threats to mammalian health. The pnpE-encoded γ-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase catalyzes the reduction of γ-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde to maleylacetate in Pseudomonas sp. strain WBC-3, playing a key role in the catabolism of PNP to Krebs cycle intermediates. However, the catalyzing mechanism by PnpE has not been well understood. Here we report the crystal structures of the apo and NAD bound PnpE. In the PnpE-NAD complex structure, NAD is situated in a cleft of PnpE. The cofactor binding site is composed of two pockets. The adenosine and the first ribose group of NAD bind in one pocket and the nicotinamide ring in the other. Six amino acids have interactions with the cofactor. They are C281, E247, Q210, W148, I146 and K172. Highly conserved residues C281 and E247 were identified to be critical for its catalytic activity. In addition, flexible docking studies of the enzyme-substrate system were performed to predict the interactions

Moderate lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) is an important inducer of apoptosis. Macrophages are professional scavengers and are rich in hydrolytic enzymes and iron. In the present study, we found that LMP by lysosomotropic detergent MSDH resulted in early up-regulation of lysosomal cathepsins, oxidative stress and ferritin up-regulation, and cell death. Lysosomotropic base NH(4)Cl reduced the ferritin induction and oxidative stress in apoptotic cells induced by MSDH. Cysteine cathepsin inhibitors significantly protected cell death and oxidative stress, but had less effect on ferritin induction. We conclude that oxidative stress induced by lysosomal rupture causes ferritin induction with concomitant mitochondrial damage, which are the potential target for prevention of cellular oxidative stress and cell death induced by typical lysosomotropic substances in different disorders.. ...

In 2012, Mississippi had a record number of human WNV cases. Last year, the state reported 247 WNV cases and five deaths. The MSDH only reports laboratory-confirmed cases to the public.. "We are now entering our high-risk WNV season, as historically we see more human cases in July, August and September than in other months," said MSDH State Epidemiologist Dr. Thomas Dobbs. "We encourage all residents throughout the state to take the necessary steps to prevent infection.". Mississippians should take the following precautions to reduce the risk of contracting WNV and other mosquito-borne illnesses year-round: remove sources of standing water, especially after rainfall; and if you will be in mosquito-prone areas, wear protective clothing (such as long-sleeved shirts and pants) during peak times from dusk until dawn, and use a recommended mosquito repellent according to manufacturer's directions.. Symptoms of WNV infection are often mild and may include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, a rash, ...

JACKSON, Miss. - Today the Mississippi State Department of Health (MSDH) reports two new West Nile virus (WNV) deaths in Mississippi residents for 2017. The residents were from Humphreys and Forrest (a previously reported case) counties. Additionally, the MSDH reports 12 new human cases of WNV, bringing the state total to 36 this year. The new cases were in Bolivar, Hinds, Humphreys, Lincoln, Madison (3), Noxubee, Rankin (3), and Wilkinson counties ...

Mono- and Stereopictres of 5.0 Angstrom coordination sphere of Arsenic atom in PDB 1pqu: Crystal Structure Of the H277N Mutant of Aspartate Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase From Haemophilus Influenzae Bound With Nadp, S-Methyl Cysteine Sulfoxide and Cacodylate

6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase is a potential target for new drugs against African trypanosomiasis. Phosphorylated aldonic acids are strong inhibitors of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and 4-phospho-d-erythronate (4PE) and 4-phospho-d-erythronohydroxamate are two of the strongest inhibitors of the Trypanosoma brucei enzyme. Binding of the substrate 6-phospho-d-gluconate (6PG), the inhibitors 5-phospho-d-ribonate (5PR) and 4PE, and the coenzymes NADP, NADPH and NADP analogue 3-amino-pyridine adenine dinucleotide phosphate to 6-phospho-d-gluconate dehydrogenase from T. brucei was studied using isothermal titration calorimetry. Binding of the substrate (K(d) = 5 microm) and its analogues (K(d) =1.3 microm and K(d) = 2.8 microm for 5PR and 4PE, respectively) is entropy driven, whereas binding of the coenzymes is enthalpy driven. Oxidized coenzyme and its analogue, but not reduced coenzyme, display a half-site reactivity in the ternary complex with the substrate or inhibitors. Binding of 6PG and ...

How is Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase and GABA Transaminase abbreviated? GABA-T stands for Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase and GABA Transaminase. GABA-T is defined as Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase and GABA Transaminase very rarely.

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Curtiss, R. III, Jagusztyn-Krynicka, E.K., Hansen, J.B., Smorawinska, M., Abiko, Y., and Cardineau, G.A. 1982. Expression of Streptococcus mutans plasmid and chromosomal gene in Escherichia coli K-12. In: Microbial. Drug resistance, S. Mitsuhashi (ed.), Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo and University Park press, Baltimore, Vol. 3, pp. 15-27.. Murchison, H.H., Barrett, J.F., Cardineau, G.A., and Curtiss III, R. 1986. Transformation of Streptococcus mutans with chromosomal and shuttle plasmid (pYA629) DNA's. Infection and Immunity 54: 273-282.. Cardineau, G.A. and Curtiss III, R. 1987. Nucleotide sequence of the asd gene of Streptococcus mutans: identification of the promoter region and evidence for attenuator like sequences preceding the structural gene. J. Biol. Chem.262: 3344-3353.. Adang, M.J., Brody, M., Cardineau, G.A., Eagan, N., Roush, R.T., Shewmaker, C.K., Jones, A., Oakes, J.V., and McBride, K.E. 1993. The construction and expression of a Bacillus thuringiensis cryIIIA gene in ...

Iron-sulfur protein (IP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).

The aspartate biosynthetic pathway, essential in plants and in most bacteria and fungi, can produce the amino acids threonine, lysine, methionine, and isoleucine. The first commitment step of this pathway is catalyzed by aspartokinase (AK). The archeal thermophilic Methanococcus jannaschii has only a single, monofunctional form of AK. X-ray crystallographic studies indicate that mjAK is a tetramer in the crystalline state, which coincides with the oligomeric structure in solution. The substrate L-aspartate binds to this recombinant enzyme in two different orientations, providing the first structural evidence supporting the relaxed regiospecificity previously observed with several alternative substrates of E. coli AK.5 Binding of the nucleotide substrate triggers significant domain movements that result in a more compact quaternary structure. The allosteric inhibitor, L-threonine, cooperatively binds to two sites in each monomer of this dimer of dimers, one site in the regulatory domain interface ...

The dicarboxylic acid glutarate is an important building-block gaining interest in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Here, a synthetic pathway for fermentative production of glutarate by the actinobacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum has been developed. The pathway does not require molecular oxygen and operates via lysine decarboyxylase followed by two transamination and two NAD-dependent oxidation reactions. Using a genome-streamlined L-lysine producing strain as basis, metabolic engineering was performed to enable conversion of L-lysine to glutarate in a five-step synthetic pathway comprising lysine decarboxylase, putrescine transaminase and γ-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli and GABA/5AVA amino transferase and succinate/glutarate semialdehyde dehydrogenase either from C. glutamicum or from three Pseudomonas species. Loss of carbon via formation of the by-products cadaverine and N-acetylcadaverine was avoided by deletion of the respective acetylase and export genes. As

TY - JOUR. T1 - A systems-level model reveals that 1,2-Propanediol utilization microcompartments enhance pathway flux through intermediate sequestration. AU - Jakobson, Christopher M.. AU - Tullman-Ercek, Danielle. AU - Slininger, Marilyn F.. AU - Mangan, Niall M.. N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (award MCB1150567 to DTE) https://www.nsf.gov. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The authors wish to thank the Tullman-Ercek and Savage Labs for stimulating discussions, and Avi Flamholz for his efforts in building the CCM model on which this work is based. Publisher Copyright: © 2017 Jakobson et al.. PY - 2017/5. Y1 - 2017/5. N2 - The spatial organization of metabolism is common to all domains of life. Enteric and other bacteria use subcellular organelles known as bacterial microcompartments to spatially organize the metabolism of pathogenicity-relevant ...

Our research interests are broadly based in chemical biology, mechanistic enzymology and molecular medicine. Towards this end our group is engaged in understanding the chemical and kinetic mechanisms, substrate specificity and therapeutic importance of enzymes that posttranslationally modify chromatin, such as histone deacetylases, histone demethylases, histone methyl transferases, and chromatin assembly and remodeling complexes. Building on a mechanistic foundation, our laboratory is also interested in the design, chemical synthesis and evaluation of small molecules to modulate the activity of chromatin modifying enzymes within living cells. This work has recently led to the discovery of histone deamethylases as potential targets for anti-depression therapy. In addition, our laboratory also works to identify and develop novel strategies to overcome bacterial resistance to antibiotics through mechanistic characterization of enzymes involved in bacterial virulence, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and ...

K00928 lysC; aspartate kinase [EC:2.7.2.4] K00928 lysC; aspartate kinase [EC:2.7.2.4] K00928 lysC; aspartate kinase [EC:2.7.2.4] K12524 thrA; bifunctional aspartokinase / homoserine dehydrogenase 1 [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3] K12525 metL; bifunctional aspartokinase / homoserine dehydrogenase 2 [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3 ...

Glutamate-5-semialdehyde is a non-proteinogenic amino acid involved in the biosynthesis of proline and arginine (via ornithine), as well as in the biosynthesis of antibiotics, such as carbapenems. It is synthesized by the reduction of glutamyl-5-phosphate by glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Glutamate-1-semialdehyde Baich A (1971). "The biosynthesis of proline in Escherichia coli: phosphate-dependent glutamate -semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP), the second enzyme in the pathway". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 244 (1): 129-34. doi:10.1016/0304-4165(71)90129-2. PMID 4399189 ...

Quang LS, Colombo G, Lobina C, Maccioni P, Orru A, Gessa GL, et al. (August 2006). "Evaluation for the withdrawal syndrome from gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) in different rat lines". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1074: 545-58. doi:10.1196/annals.1369.055. PMID 17105952 ...

Complete information for LYZ gene (Protein Coding), Lysozyme, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium