The (Chilean) flat oyster, Ostrea chilensis, is native to New Zealand and the west coast of South America. It is a commercially important species in New Zealand because of its exquisite taste that attracts premium prices. This thesis describes the first isolation and partial charcterisation of an oyster haemolymph calcium-dependent carbohydrate-binding protein. This protein 'chiletin' was originally isolated from oyster haemolymph by binding to the agarose-galactan matrix of a Sepharose column. Chiletin was predominantly composed of a 24 kilodalton (kDa) band when examined with one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions and a 12 kDa band with reduction of disulphide bonds. The N-terminal sequence of the 24 kDa band was determined to be 'IAGPGWEKYN'. This sequence was not homologous to any known protein. Examination of isolated chiletin with two-dimensional protein analysis gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of three (~12 kDa) ...
Scrub typhus is an acute and febrile infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative α-proteobacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi from the family Rickettsiaceae that is widely distributed in Northern, Southern and Eastern Asia. In the present study, we analysed the serum proteome of scrub typhus patients to investigate specific clinical protein patterns in an attempt to explain pathophysiology and discover potential biomarkers of infection. Serum samples were collected from three patients (before and after treatment with antibiotics) and three healthy subjects. One-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was performed to identify differentially abundant proteins using quantitative proteomic approaches. Bioinformatic analysis was then performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Proteomic analysis identified 236 serum proteins, of which 32 were differentially expressed in normal subjects, naive scrub typhus patients and
Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were isolated from 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by anti-C1q affinity chromatography. The components were detected by silver stained sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gels and identified by the Western blot. The CIC were composed of 20 different polypeptides, including albumin, immunoglobulin, complement, and acute phase reactants. Two components (molecular weight 48 kD and 45 kD respectively) remained unidentified. The 48 kD polypeptide was found in CIC from six out of 14 patients (43%) with extra-articular RA, but from none of eight patients with vasculitic complications of other connective tissue diseases. All immunoreactants were more frequently found in the patients with extra-articular features of RA. Although these results emphasise that most CIC in RA are composed of endogenous proteins, the 48 kD polypeptide is a candidate for an extrinsic antigen in RA. ...
D4001 - 13 Standard Test Method for Determination of Weight-Average Molecular Weight of Polymers By Light Scattering , light scattering, polymers, weight-average molecular weight,
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Looking for online definition of putative RNA-binding protein 11 in the Medical Dictionary? putative RNA-binding protein 11 explanation free. What is putative RNA-binding protein 11? Meaning of putative RNA-binding protein 11 medical term. What does putative RNA-binding protein 11 mean?
TY - JOUR. T1 - Definition of the Inhibitory Domain of Smooth Muscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase by Site-Directed Mutagenesis. AU - Ito, Masaaki. AU - Guerriero, Vince. AU - Chen, Xiaomin. AU - Hartshorne, David J.. PY - 1991/4/1. Y1 - 1991/4/1. N2 - Site-directed mutagenesis of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase was applied to define its autoinhibitory domain. Mutants were all initiated at Leu-447 but contained varying lengths of C-terminal sequence. Those containing the complete C-terminal sequence to Glu-972 possessed kinase activities that were calmodulin-dependent. Removal of the putative inhibitory domain by truncation to Thr-778 resulted in generation of a constitutively active (calmodulin-independent) species. Thus, the inhibitory domain lies to the C-terminal side of Thr-778. Truncation to Lys-793 and to Trp-800 also resulted in constitutively active mutants, although the specific activity of the latter was less than the other mutants. None of the truncated mutants bound calmodulin. ...
Abstract. The use of recombinant peptides based upon the repeated amino acid sequences of Plasmodium has been proposed for malaria vaccines. By reducing homologies of such peptide vaccines to host proteins, the possibility of autoimmune complications may be reduced, and the effective immune response may be enhanced. The Wilbur and Lipman Wordsearch algorithm was used to identify homologous amino acid sequences between tandemly repeated Plasmodium amino acid sequences and the human and human viral sequences compiled in the National Biomedical Research Foundation database. Six published repetitive immunogenic amino acid sequences from the circumsporozoite (CS) antigen, ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA), soluble (S) antigen, and falciparum interspersed repetitive antigen (FIRA) of P. falciparum, and the CS protein of P. vivax, were analyzed by computer. Matches of at least 4 amino acids were found for all sequences. In the database, 29 matches were found for human proteins and 26 matches
TY - JOUR. T1 - Dual modulation of GIP and glucagon action by the low molecular weight compound 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 2-bromobenzylidene hydrazide. AU - Franklin, Z. J.. AU - McDonnell, B.. AU - Montgomery, I. A.. AU - Flatt, Peter. AU - Irwin, Nigel. PY - 2011/8. Y1 - 2011/8. N2 - Aim: The presence of functional gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) receptors on adipocytes and knowledge that GIP plays a key role in fat deposition suggests a beneficial effect of GIP receptor antagonism in obesity and insulin resistance. GIP receptor antagonists studied to date are peptidic GIP analogues that must be administered by injection. Methods: The present study has examined in vitro and in vivo metabolic actions of a low molecular weight GIP receptor modulator 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 2-bromobenzylidene hydrazide (4H2BH), suitable for oral administration. Results: 4H2BH alone had no significant effect on cAMP production or insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 cells. However, 4H2BH significantly inhibited ...
About 10% of the Chinese population are chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Thus, the development of a highly efficient process for the preparation of a vaccine based on a recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is very important to the Chinese national immunization program. To this end, the ion exchange chromatography recovery of CHO-HBsAg from a recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell line was shown to increase from about 55 to 80% by the addition of 1% poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 10,000) to the mobile phase. Furthermore, based on analysis by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the intact glycoprotein form of CHO-HBsAg was completely preserved by the addition of PEG. In the absence of PEG the glycoprotein form of CHO-HBsAg was also spread out into the high salt elution fraction. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography with on-line multiangle-laser-light scattering (HPSEC-MALLS) analysis was performed to monitor the status of the ...
Infection of barley leaves by powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei) causes increased dark respiration, par tof which is associated with active host responses to infection, and a consequence of which is reduced plant growth. The pathogen cannot be grown separately from the host. Therefore, in order to examine those changes in respiratory activity peculiar to the host, attempts were made to isolate protoplasts from infected tissues, and from healthy controls. Isolation of useful numbers (, 106cm−6) of viable mesophyll protoplasts from infected tissues was possible with one among several batches of commercial 'Cellulysin' tested; on analysis by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), this batch contained a low molecular weight protein at 20.1 kDa not found in other batches. In all isolated protoplasts, total respiration increased with the age of the source-leaf, but within 24 h of inoculation respiration was stimulated by infection. Protoplasts from ...
An accurate method based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) has been developed for quantitative analysis of calcitonin and insulin in different commercially available pharmaceutical products. Tryptic peptides derived from these polypeptides were chemically modified at their C-terminal lysine-residues with 2-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-imidazole (light tagging) as standard and deuterated 2-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-imidazole (heavy tagging) as internal standard (IS). The heavy modified tryptic peptides (4D-Lys tag), differed by four atomic mass units from the corresponding light labelled counterparts (4H-Lys tag). The normalized peak areas (the ratio between the light and heavy tagged peptides) were used to construct a standard curve to determine the concentration of the analytes. The concentrations of calcitonin and insulin content of the analyzed pharmaceutical products were accurately determined, and less than 5% error was obtained between the ...
Looking for online definition of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene in the Medical Dictionary? cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene explanation free. What is cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene? Meaning of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene medical term. What does cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene mean?
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of mungbean protein isolate (MPI) on the potential possibility of water binding agent and as a substrate for the microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) in myofibrillar protein. Cooking loss (CL,%), gel strength (GS, gf), sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were measured. The addition of MPI reduced CL, indicating that it has a water binding capacity during cooking. The major protein band (53 kDa) of MPI appeared when MPI was mixed with MP, but it disappeared when MTGase was incorporated. MPI treatment changed the endothermic peaks as compared with those of CTL. MTGase (1%) mediated pork MP increased CL and GS (P , 0.05), and reduced peak temperatures with vanishing of endothermic intensity at 1st and 3rd peaks, suggesting the structural changes of protein gelation. In microstructures, MTGase treatment showed a finely stranded ...
Looking for online definition of nonpolar amino acid in the Medical Dictionary? nonpolar amino acid explanation free. What is nonpolar amino acid? Meaning of nonpolar amino acid medical term. What does nonpolar amino acid mean?
Figure Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Ropes Example. Figure Global Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Ropes Revenue (Million $) Status and Outlook (2014-2029). Figure Global Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Ropes Revenue (Million $) Comparison by Region (2014-2029). Figure Global Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Ropes Sales Comparison by Type (2014-2029). Figure Global Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Ropes Sales Comparison by Application (2014-2029). Figure Global Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Ropes Sales Comparison by Sales Channel (2014-2029). Table Global Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Ropes Sales by Player (2017-2019). Table Global Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Ropes Sales Market Share by Player (2017-2019). Figure Global Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Ropes Sales Market Share by Player in 2019. Table Global Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Ropes Revenue (Million $) by Player (2017-2019). Table Global ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Partial nucleotide sequence of the Murray Valley encephalitis virus genome. Comparison of the encoded polypeptides with yellow fever virus structural and non-structural proteins. AU - Dalgarno, Lynn. AU - Trent, Dennis W.. AU - Strauss, James H.. AU - Rice, Charles M.. PY - 1986/2/5. Y1 - 1986/2/5. N2 - The sequence of 5400 bases corresponding to the 5′-terminal half of the Murray Valley encephalitis virus genome has been determined. The genome contains a 5′ non-coding region of about 97 nucleotides, followed by a single continuous open reading frame that encodes the structural proteins followed by the non-structural proteins. Amino acid sequence homology between the Murray Valley encephalitis and yellow fever (Rice et al., 1985) polyproteins is 42% over the region sequenced. The start points of the various Murray Valley encephalitis virus-coded proteins have been assigned on the basis of this homology and a consistent set of potential proteolytic cleavage sites identified, ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Subunit-dependent postsynaptic expression of kainate receptors on hippocampal interneurons in area CA1. AU - Wondolowski, Joyce. AU - Frerking, Matthew. PY - 2009/1/14. Y1 - 2009/1/14. N2 - Kainate receptors (KARs) contribute to postsynaptic excitation in only a select subset of neurons. To define the parameters that specify the postsynaptic expression of KARs, we examined the contribution of KARs to EPSCs on hippocampal interneurons in area CA1. Interneurons in stratum radiatum/lacunosum-moleculare express KARs both with and without the GluR5 subunit, but KAR-mediated EPSCs are generated mainly, if not entirely, by GluR5-containing KARs. Extrasynaptic glutamate spillover profoundly recruits AMPA receptors (AMPARs) with little effect on KARs, indicating that KARs are targeted at the synapse more precisely than AMPARs. However, spontaneous EPSCs with a conventional AMPAR component did not have a resolvable contribution of KARs, suggesting that the KARs that contribute to the ...
BACKGROUND Sequence type 131 (ST131) is a predominant lineage among extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli. It plays a major role in the worldwide dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli. The ST131 pandemic is mainly the result of clonal expansion of the single well-adapted subclone H30-Rx, which is acquired in hospitals more frequently than other ESBL-producing E. coli clones. AIM To develop a rapid method using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to identify ST131 for infection control purposes. METHODS Peak biomarkers of ST131 were identified from the mass spectrum profiles of 109 E. coli isolates (including 50 ST131 isolates). FINDINGS The models accurately identified ST131 isolates from mass spectrum profiles obtained with and without protein extraction. CONCLUSIONS The rapid identification of ST131 isolates with MALDI-TOF MS can be easily implemented in the laboratory, and could help to target
Proprotein convertase furin is responsible for the processing of a wide variety of precursors consisted of signal peptide, propeptide and mature peptide in mammal. Many precursors processed by furin have important physiological functions and can be recombinantly expressed in Pichia pastoris expression system for research, pharmaceutical and vaccine applications. However, it is not clear whether the furin cleavage sites between the propeptide and mature peptide can be properly processed in P. pastoris, bringing uncertainty for proper expression of the coding DNA sequences of furin precursors containing the propeptides and mature peptides. In this study, we evaluated the ability of P. pastoris to process furin cleavage sites and how to improve the cleavage efficiencies of furin cleavage sites in P. pastoris. The results showed that P. pastoris can process furin cleavage sites but the cleavage efficiencies are not high. Arg residue at position P1 or P4 in furin cleavage sites significantly affect cleavage
TY - JOUR. T1 - Molecular Cloning and Primary Structure of Rat Testes Metalloendopeptidase EC 3.4.24.15. AU - Pierotti, Adrian. AU - Glucksman, Marc J.. AU - Roberts, James L.. AU - Dong, Ke Wen. AU - Pierotti, Adrian. AU - Orlowski, Marian. PY - 1990/11/1. Y1 - 1990/11/1. N2 - The complete amino acid sequence of rat testes metalloendopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.15) was deduced from the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone isolated by screening a rat testes library with a polyclonal antibody raised against a homogeneous preparation of the rat testes enzyme. The correctness of the sequence was verified by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the isolated enzyme and by partial amino acid sequence analysis of three tryptic peptides located near the N-terminus, the middle, and C-terminus of the native protein. The enzyme is composed of 645 amino acids with a molecular weight of 72 985. This value is close to that of the purified rat testes and brain enzyme as determined by polyacrylamide gel ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Purification and amino acid sequence of kunitz-type protease inhibitor found in the hemocytes of horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus). AU - Nakamura, Takanori. AU - Hirai, Toshiaki. AU - Tokunaga, Fuminori. AU - Kawabata, Shun-Ichiro. AU - Iwanaga, Sadaaki. PY - 1987/1/1. Y1 - 1987/1/1. N2 - A low molecular weight protein protease inhibitor was purified from Japanese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) hemocytes. It consisted of a single polypeptide with a total of 61 amino acid residues. This protease inhibitor inhibited stoichiometrically the amidase activity of trypsin (K1=4.60×10-10 M), and also had inhibitory effects on α-chymotrypsin (K1=5.54×10-9M), elastase (K1=7.20×10-8 M), plasmin, and plasma kallikrein. However, it had no effect on T. tridentatus clotting enzyme and factor C, mammalian blood coagulation factors (activated protein C, factor Xa and α-thrombin), papain, and thermolysin. The complete amino acid sequence of this inhibitor was determined and its ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Deletion mutation in the signal anchor domain activates cleavage of the influenza virus neuraminidase, a type II transmembrane protein. AU - Hogue, B. G.. AU - Nayak, D. P.. PY - 1994. Y1 - 1994. N2 - Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is a type II integral membrane protein with a long hydrophobic domain [29 amino acids (aa)] at the N terminus that functions as an uncleaved signal for translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum and anchors the protein in the membrane. The function of the transmembrane domain in intracellular transport was investigated by deletion mutagenesis. Expression of the mutated NA in eukaryotic cells and by in vitro translation in the presence of membranes showed that the deletion of eight amino acids (aa 28 to 35) from the carboxy end of the signal anchor domain resulted in cleavage, probably by the signal peptidase and secretion of NA into the culture medium. The mutant NA (N28-35) was present inside the cell predominantly as dimers, secreted as dimers, ...
Neural progenitor number is regulated by nuclear factor-kappa B p65 and p50 subunit-dependent proliferation rather than cell survival
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Genetic susceptibility to autoimmunity is frequently associated with specific MHC alleles. Diabetogenic MHC class II molecules, such as human HLA-DQ8 and mouse I-Ag7, typically have a small, uncharged amino acid residue at position 57 of their β chain (β57); this results in the absence of a salt bridge between β57 and Argα76, which is adjacent to the P9 pocket of the peptide-binding groove. However, the influence of Argα76 on the selection of the TCR repertoire remains unknown, particularly when the MHC molecule binds a peptide with a neutral amino acid residue at position P9. Here, we have shown that diabetogenic MHC class II molecules bound to a peptide with a neutral P9 residue primarily selected and expanded cells expressing TCRs bearing a negatively charged residue in the first segment of their complementarity determining region 3β. The crystal structure of one such TCR in complex with I-Ag7 bound to a peptide containing a neutral P9 residue revealed that a network of favorable ...
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Myotoxic phospholipases A2 of class II are commonly found in the venoms of crotalid snakes. As an approach to understanding their structure±activity relationship, diverse natural variants have been characterized biochemically and pharmacologically. This study describes a new myotoxic phospholipase A2 homologue, isolated from the venom of Atropoides (Bothrops ) nummifer from Costa Rica. A. nummifer myotoxin II is a basic protein, with an apparent subunit molecular mass of 16 kDa, which migrates as a dimer in sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. It is strongly recognized by antibodies generated against Bothrops asper myotoxin II, by enzyme-immunoassay. The toxin induces rapid myonecrosis upon intramuscular injection in mice (evidenced by an early increase in plasma creatine kinase activity), and signicant edema in the footpad assay. It also displays cytolytic activity upon cultured murine endothelial cells. The toxin (up to 50 ug) has no ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Mutation of aromatic amino acid residues located at the amino- and carboxy-termini of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin Ip reduces the efficiency of the toxin to cross the outer membrane. AU - Yamanaka, Hiroyasu. AU - Okamoto, Keinosuke. PY - 2000/1/1. Y1 - 2000/1/1. N2 - Heat-stable enterotoxin Ip (STIp) of Escherichia coli is synthesized as a precursor form consisting of pre- (amino acid residues 1 to 19), pro- (amino acid residues 20 to 54) and mature (amino acid residues 55 to 72) regions. Mature STIp (bioactive STIp) is formed in the periplasmic space after the precursor is proteolytically processed and the mature STIp translocates across the outer membrane through the secretory system including TolC, an outer membrane protein of E. coli. However, it remains unknown how the mature STIp is recognized by this secretory system. In this study, we investigated the amino acid residues of STIp involved in its translocation across the outer membrane. We prepared mutant STIp ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Two dimensional blue native/SDS-PAGE to identify mitochondrial complex I subunits modified by 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). AU - Wu, Jinzi. AU - Luo, Xiaoting. AU - Yan, Liang Jun. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2015 Wu, Luo and Yan.. PY - 2015. Y1 - 2015. N2 - The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) can form protein-linked HNE adducts, thereby impacting protein structure and function. Mitochondrial complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase), containing at least 45 subunits in mammalian cells, sits in a lipid-rich environment and is thus very susceptible to HNE modifications. In this paper, a procedure for the identification of HNE-modified complex I subunits is described. Complex I was isolated by first dimensional non-gradient blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE). The isolated complex I band, visualized by either Coomassie blue staining or silver staining, was further analyzed by second dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel ...
The mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase MK5 is a substrate of the mitogen-activated protein kinases p38, ERK3 and ERK4. Cell culture and animal studies have demonstrated that MK5 is involved in tumour suppression and promotion, embryogenesis, anxiety, cell motility and cell cycle regulation. In the present study, homology models of MK5 were used for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of: (1) MK5 alone; (2) MK5 in complex with an inhibitor; and (3) MK5 in complex with the interaction partner p38α. The calculations showed that the inhibitor occupied the active site and disrupted the intramolecular network of amino acids. However, intramolecular interactions consistent with an inactive protein kinase fold were not formed. MD with p38α showed that not only the p38 docking region, but also amino acids in the activation segment, αH helix, P-loop, regulatory phosphorylation region and the C-terminal of MK5 may be involved in forming a very stable MK5-p38α complex, and that p38α
Elliott, K.J.; Ellis, S.B.; Berckhan, K.J.; Urrutia, A.; Chavez-Noriega, L.E.; Johnson, E.C.; Veliçelebi, G.; Harpold, M.M., 1996: Comparative structure of human neuronal alpha 2-alpha 7 and beta 2-beta 4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits and functional expression of the alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 4, alpha 7, beta 2, and beta 4 subunits
Silicone oil droplets have limited deposition on hair due to electrostatic repulsion with negative surface charge of hair substrates. Aiming to improve silicone deposition on hair substrates, surface properties of uniform-sized silicone oil droplets (produced by membrane emulsification) were modified using layer-by-layer electrostatic deposition. By using this method, silicone oil droplets were coated with large molecular weight polymers, i.e. quaternized chitosan and alginate, and low molecular weight compounds, i.e. diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and glycerol to obtain six alternate layers of different surface charges. It was found that the dispersion of coated silicone oil droplets of narrow size distribution exhibited much improved mechanical strength and increased viscosity against shear compared to uncoated droplets. These multilayered silicone oil droplets were then added into model shampoos and conditioners to study the effect of charge and molecular weight of coating materials on ...
Resonance energy flow dynamics of coherently delocalized excitons in biological and macromolecular systems: Recent theoretical advances and open issues
SUMMARY: Polynucleotide phosphorylase has been purified from the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. MAC. The enzyme requires a divalent cation such as Mg2+, has a pH optimum of 10·5 and catalyses the polymerization of ADP into polynucleotide in a primer-independent reaction at a rate of 2 μmol min-1 (mg protein)-1. It has an apparent native M r of 215000-240000. Non-denaturing polyacrylamide activity gels reveal a heterogeneous pattern of active bands similar to those previously observed with the corresponding enzyme from Micrococcus luteus, while SDS-denaturing activity gels reveal a single band of activity of M r 91000 in both crude extracts and the most highly purified fraction. Activity has also been demonstrated in a cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide non-denaturing activity gel. By analogy with other known polynucleotide phosphorylases, the Nostoc enzyme is probably a trimer of the 91000-M r subunit.
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide, with over one million cases annually. To identify genetic factors that modify disease risk, we conducted a genome-wide association study by analysing 317,139 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 1,989 lung cancer cases and 2,625 controls from six central European countries. We identified a locus in chromosome region 15q25 that was strongly associated with lung cancer (P = 9 x 10(-10)). This locus was replicated in five separate lung cancer studies comprising an additional 2,513 lung cancer cases and 4,752 controls (P = 5 x 10(-20) overall), and it was found to account for 14% (attributable risk) of lung cancer cases. Statistically similar risks were observed irrespective of smoking status or propensity to smoke tobacco. The association region contains several genes, including three that encode nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits (CHRNA5, CHRNA3 and CHRNB4). Such subunits are expressed in neurons and other tissues, in particular ...
Mediator has been shown to be essential for regulation of RNA Polymerase II mediated transcription. Mediator functions as an interface between the general transcriptional machinery and a multitude of DNA binding transcriptional regulators, although the molecular mechanism for the process is elusive. Mediator is a large complex of over twenty subunits, most of which are conserved from yeast to plants to mammals. Many of these subunits are essential for viability in yeast, and mutations in the corresponding genes have global effects on transcription. Mediator was originally identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but has since been described in most eukaryotes. However, until recently the Mediator complex was not identified in plants. This thesis describes the first successful identification and isolation of the Mediator complex from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. By raising antibodies against candidate A. thaliana Mediator subunits, we were able to purify a multisubunit protein complex. Mass ...
Voltage Dependent T Type Calcium Channel Subunit Alpha 1G (Voltage Gated Calcium Channel Subunit Alpha Cav3.1 or CACNA1G) - Drugs in Development, 2021 provides in depth analysis on Voltage Dependent T Type Calcium Channel Subunit Alpha 1G (Voltage Gated Calcium Channel Subunit Alpha Cav3.1 or CACNA1G) targeted pipeline therapeutics. The report provides comprehensive information complete with Analysis by Indications, Stage of Development, Mechanism of Action (MoA), Route of Administration (RoA) and Molecule Type. The report also covers the descriptive pharmacological action of the therapeutics, its complete research and development history and latest news and press releases. Additionally, the report provides an overview of key players involved in Voltage Dependent T Type Calcium Channel Subunit Alpha 1G (Voltage Gated Calcium Channel Subunit Alpha Cav3.1 or CACNA1G) targeted therapeutics development and features dormant and discontinued projects. The report analyses the pipeline products across ...
Biomolecular Interactions, light scattering, SPR, biosensor, SPR-based biosensor, Proteon, Proteon XPR36, Biacore 3000, analytical ultracentrifugation, Auto-ITC200, ITC, DSC, microcalorimeters, fluorescence plate reader, circular dichroism, fluorimeter, molecular weight determination, DAWN Heleos, DLS, DynaPro plate reader, Nanotemper, MST. The Macromolecular Interactions Facility (UNC folks fondly call it the Mac-In-Fac) is a core facility of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. It provides instrumentation and resources for biophysical characterization of biological macromolecules and their interactions with cognate ligands. Core instrumentation include: surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based and bio-layer interferometry (BLI)-based biosensors; analytical ultracentrifuges; a spectrofluorometer; differential scanning and isothermal titration calorimeters, including two fully-automated ITCs ( Auto-ITC200 and PEAQ ITC-automated); a circular dichroism spectropolarimeter; static and ...
Native mass spectrometry can provide insight into the structure of macromolecular biological systems. As analytes under investigation get larger and more complex, instrument capabilities need to be advanced. Herein, modifications to an Orbitrap Q Exactive Plus mass spectrometer that increase signal intensity
5 September 2013 14:00 in CM101. Microtubule assembly and disassembly is vital for many fundamental cellular processes. Our current understanding of microtubule assembly kinetics is based on a one-dimensional assembly model, which assumes that each protofilament of a microtubule behaves independently. In this model, the subunit disassociation rate from a microtubule tip is independent of free subunit concentration. Using Total-Internal-Reflection-Fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy and a laser tweezers assay to measure in vitro microtubule assembly with nanometer resolution accuracy, we now find that the subunit dissociation rate from a microtubule tip increases at higher free subunit concentrations. This is because there is a shift in microtubule tip structure from relatively blunt at low free concentrations to relatively tapered at high free concentrations, which we confirmed experimentally by TIRF microscopy. Because both the association and the dissociation rates increase at higher free subunit ...
By sequestering the common lithium counterion PF6- in a supramolecular complex, chemists have found they can enhance the cation's conductivity and how much current it generates-a finding that could lead to better lithium-ion batteries. MIT's Jeremiah A. Johnson, Yang Shao-Horn, and Bo Qiao came up with the idea after a talk Qiao gave during his first week as a postdoc at MIT. Qiao spoke about his doctoral work with cyanostar, a macrocycle that forms a supramolecular complex with PF6- in a 2:1 ratio (shown). "LiPF6 is one of the most common salts used as a Li+ source in Li batteries," Johnson says. The chemists realized that if they could bind the anion of that salt with cyanostar, it could dramatically affect the properties of LiPF6. They reasoned that capturing the counterion would spur the salt to break up into free ions and that the large supramolecular complex would diffuse slowly compared with free Li+. Experiments bore out this hypothesis (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, DOI: ...
This session is dedicated to investigations of novel phenomena at the nanoscale, including unique chemistry, physics, assembly, and structuring, particularly leading to enhanced or unusual properties. Theoretical, computational, and experimental papers are welcome, as well as work aimed at emerging technologies that may arise from nanoscale phenomena. ***Note to faculty candidates: please include a note to the session chair during submission to alert them to your status*** +++Note: this session will be sorted jointly with Nanoscale Structure in Polymers and Polymer Thin Films, Confinement, and Interfaces. Authors may submit to either session.+++. ...
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) constitutes one of the major families of protein serine/threonine phosphatases found in all eukaryotic cells. PP2A holoenzymes are composed of a catalytic subunit complexed with a structural regulatory subunit of 65 kDa. These core subunits associate with regulatory subunits of various sizes to form different heterotrimers which have been purified and evaluated with regard to substrate specificity. In fully differentiated tissues PP2A expression levels are highest in the brain, however, relatively little is known about expression in the developing embryo. In order to determine the composition of PP2A catalytic subunits in the mouse, cDNAs were cloned and the genomic organization of PP2A Cα was determined. By a gene targeting approach in the mouse, we have previously shown that the absence of the major catalytic subunit of PP2A, Cα, resulted in embryonic lethality around embryonic day E6.5. No mesoderm was formed which implied that PP2A plays a crucial role in ...
From NCBI Gene:. The protein encoded by this gene is a critical subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, members of the glutamate receptor channel superfamily which are heteromeric protein complexes with multiple subunits arranged to form a ligand-gated ion channel. These subunits play a key role in the plasticity of synapses, which is believed to underlie memory and learning. Cell-specific factors are thought to control expression of different isoforms, possibly contributing to the functional diversity of the subunits. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]. From UniProt: ...
In vitro phosphorylation of the regulatory subunit of yeast cAMP-dependent protein kinase was studied. The cAMP-binding regulatory subunit (R subunit) can be multiply phosphorylated. Three distinct phosphorylation sites were inferred from the different ATP concentrations required for phosphorylation and from the presence of two discrete mobility shifts in NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the R subunit on phosphorylation. Limited tryptic digestion of the phosphorylated R subunit showed that a Mr 37,000 cAMP-binding peptide contained one of the phosphorylation sites and that a separate Mr 12,000 peptide contained another phosphorylation site. The yeast R subunit is therefore similar to the type II R subunit of mammalian origin, although it has a larger Mr (64,000 vs. 58,000) and is multiply phosphorylated. In vivo, both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of the R subunit were found in cells grown in lactate or to stationary phase in 1.5% glucose, while cells grown in 5% ...
Although the main research areas of interest at BioCARS are time-resolved macromolecular crystallography and structural studies of biohazards at the BSL-2 and BSL-3 level, BioCARS also offers the full range of standard macromolecular crystallography experiments such as: single wavelength, SAD and MAD, ultra-high resolution and large unit cell data collection. The 14-BM-C station, with a large Quantum-315 ADSC detector is particularly suitable and has been very successful in ultra-high resolution and large unit cell data collection.. Our flexible end-station setup and auxiliary equipment available to users permit non-standard experiments, for example those involving on-line micro-spectrophotometry, flow cell use and on-line illumination of samples by visible light from laser and other light sources. These tools are particularly important for kinetic crystallography (Bourgeois and Royant, 2005; Petsko and Ringe, 2000; Schlichting, 2000; Stoddard, 2001), where transient, intermediate states in the ...
Glutamate Receptor Ionotropic NMDA 2B ( NMDA Receptor Subunit Epsilon 2 or GRIN2B) - Pipeline Review, H1 2016 Glutamate Receptor Ionotropic NMDA 2B ( NMDA - Market research report and industry analysis - 10248919
Our laboratory is committed to understanding the fundamental mechanisms by which membrane proteins, lipids, and other macromolecules are transported throughout eukaryotic cells. To do so, we take advantage of numerous interdisciplinary approaches, including genetics, biochemistry, structural biology, biophysics, molecular biology and high-resolution fluorescence and electron microscopy.. Additionally, we use a variety of experimental systems, ranging from simple animal models (e.g. Caenorhabditis elegans) to human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We also aim to recapitulate individual steps of membrane transport in vitro, using recombinant proteins and chemically defined lipids. Our ultimate goal is to identify the regulatory pathways that control membrane deformation, which enable vesicle formation in the endosomal and secretory systems. Although basic research is the cornerstone of our program, we also seek to define pathomechanisms that underlie human disease, focusing on the impact of ...
Multiple Pathways For Macromolecular Transport Through the Nuclear Pore Complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae A thesis submitted to the faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry by Claudio Andres Saavedra Dartmouth College Hanover, New Hampshire September 18, 1996 ...