A protocol for investigating the association of vaccination and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2018 Jan 01;10:229-237 Authors: Wang H Abstract Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (Anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis is an acute autoimmune neurological disorder that can be triggered by virus, H1N1/tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis and polio vaccines or by presence of a...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Comparative evaluation of concomitant structural and functional neuroimages in Rasmussen's encephalitis. AU - Fogarasi, A.. AU - Hegyi, Márta. AU - Neuwirth, Magdolna. AU - Halász, P.. AU - Barsi, P.. AU - Farkas, Viktor. AU - Bognár, L.. PY - 2003/10. Y1 - 2003/10. N2 - Background and Purpose. Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) is a rare condition of unknown cause characterized by intractable seizures, progressive hemiparesis, mental impairment, and inflammatory histological findings in the cortex. The primary diagnosis is based on biopsy to confirm the typical clinical, electroencephalography, and brain imaging findings. The main objective of this study was to compare simultaneous structural and functional neuroimages in RE. Methods. Concomitant magnetic resonance imaging and 2-deoxy-2-[ 18F]-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography data from the authors' series of 5 children and 8 patients described in the literature were analyzed and compared. Results. Typical early ...

KEY POINTS Autoimmune limbic encephalitis is an inflammatory disease involving the medial temporal lobes; it classically presents with the subacute onset of short-term memory deficits, seizures or psychiatric symptoms. Brain magnetic resonance imaging can show medial temporal lobe abnormalities typical of autoimmune limbic encephalitis in suspected cases, but clinicians should be aware of other diseases that may have a similar imaging appearance. Analysis of both electroencephalogram (EEG) and cerebrospinal fluid can provide supportive evidence of neuro-inflammation in patients with suspected autoimmune limbic encephalitis, but a normal EEG or cerebrospinal fluid profile does not exclude the diagnosis. Testing for antibodies to onconeural, cell-surface and synaptic proteins represents a major advancement in the diagnosis of autoimmune limbic encephalitis, although false-positives are possible. Autoimmune limbic encephalitis (ALE) is an inflammatory disease involving the medial temporal lobes; it ...

Kruse CA, Pardo CA, Hartman AL, …and Mathern GW. Rasmussen encephalitis tissue transfer program. Epilepsia. 2016; 57:1005-1007. doi: 10.1111/epi.13383. Varadkar S, Bien CG, Kruse CA, Jensen F, Bauer J, Pardo CA, Vincent A, Mathern GW, and Cross HJ. Rasmussen's encephalitis: present understanding and treatment advances. The Lancet-Neurology, 2014;13:195-205. PMID: 24457189. Bien CG, et al. Rasmussen encephalitis: incidence and course under randomized therapy with tacrolimus or intravenous immunoglobulins. Epilepsia. 2013 Mar;54(3):543-50.. Owens GC, Huynh M, Chang JW, McArthur D, Hickey MJ, Vinters HV, Mathern GW, and Kruse CA. Differential expression of interferon-γ and chemokine genes distinguishes Rasmussen encephalitis from cortical dysplasia and indicates an early Th1 response. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 2013;May 2;10:56. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-56. PMID: 23639073.. Bauer J, Vezzani A, Bien CG. Epileptic encephalitis: the role of the innate and adaptive immune system. Brain ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Increased expression of osteopontin gene in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system. AU - Kao, Chung Lan. AU - Chiou, Shih Hwa. AU - Chen, Yann Jang. AU - Singh, Sher. AU - Lin, Han Tso. AU - Liu, Ren Shyan. AU - Lo, Chih Wen. AU - Yang, Chi Chang. AU - Chi, Chin Wen. AU - Lee, Chen Hsen. AU - Wong, Tai-Tong. PY - 2005/6/1. Y1 - 2005/6/1. N2 - The atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, primary to the central nervous system, is a highly malignant and aggressive neoplasm of infancy and childhood. Although having distinct biological features and clinical outcomes, it is frequently misdiagnosed as primitive neuroectodermal tumor/medulloblastoma. To further distinguish the underlying pathogenesis and to identify biological markers for clinical use, an atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor-derived cell line was established and its gene expression pattern analyzed in comparison to the human astrocyte SVG12 cell line and the human DAOY medulloblastoma cell line using a ...

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The movements of Hemiballismus are random and continuous and may involve the proximal and/or distal muscles on one side of the body. Symptoms of Hemiballismus may decrease during sleep. Know the causes, treatment and prognosis of Hemiballismus.

Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a rare, inflammatory, and possibly immuno-mediated disease that typically affects one hemisphere. The two cardinal symptoms are progressive neurological deficits and intractable seizures, often in the form of epilepsia partialis continua and recurring epileptic status. …

We report a case in which a sacrococcygeal teratoma was identified and characterized on prenatal and postnatal MRI, and correlated with subsequent surgical resection. 2). The mass measured 19.1 cm by 9.7 cm by 13.2 cm. The neonate underwent a MRI scan to characterize the mass and delineate its anatomic extent and relationships with other structures. MRI showed that the mass was cystic with large extrapelvic and small intrapelvic components (Fig. 3). The mass had no solid components, and there was no involvement of the neural tube. Open in a separate window Figure 1 MRI (T2 weighted images) of the maternal pelvis depicting a GSK1120212 irreversible inhibition large cystic mass arising from the sacrococcygeal region of the fetus suggestive of a sacrococcygeal teratoma Open in a separate window Figure 2 Gross image of the sacrococcygeal teratoma following cesarean section delivery of the neonate. Open in a separate window Figure 3 RI (T2 weighted images) of a cystic mass with a large extrapelvic ...

Status: Recruiting. Condition Summary: Adult Solid Tumor; Adenocarcinoma of the Colon; Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum; Adult Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumor; Adult Teratoma; Benign Teratoma; Estrogen Receptor-negative Breast Cancer; Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer; Familial Testicular Germ Cell Tumor; HER2-negative Breast Cancer; HER2-positive Breast Cancer; Male Breast Cancer; Ovarian Immature Teratoma; Ovarian Mature Teratoma; Ovarian Monodermal and Highly Specialized Teratoma; Progesterone Receptor-negative Breast Cancer; Progesterone Receptor-positive Breast Cancer; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Recurrent Colon Cancer; Recurrent Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor; Recurrent Extragonadal Non-seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor; Recurrent Extragonadal Seminoma; Recurrent Malignant Testicular Germ Cell Tumor; Recurrent Melanoma; Recurrent Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor; Recurrent Rectal Cancer; Stage III Extragonadal Non-seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor; Stage III Extragonadal Seminoma; Stage III Malignant ...

Eye movement abnormalities in familial mental retardation syndrome should lead to the suspicion of a storage disorder, including Niemann Pick disease type C, Gaucher's disease, abetalipoproteinemia and Wilson's disease. The eye movement abnormalities in our two patients were suggestive of Niemann Pick disease type C, characterized by initial loss of voluntary vertical eye movements and subsequent loss of horizontal eye movements, with preservation of the vestibulo-ocular response. The characteristics of eye movements in storage disorders are different. In Gaucher's disease a progressive horizontal gaze palsy, in abetalipoproteinemia a particular type of internuclear ophthalmoplegia with nystagmus of the adducting eye and in Wilson's disease slowing of saccades may be observed ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Infratentorial dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) associated with Arnold-Chiari malformation. AU - Yasha, T. C.. AU - Mohanty, A.. AU - Radhesh, S.. AU - Santosh, V.. AU - Das, S.. AU - Shankar, S. K.. PY - 1998/11/1. Y1 - 1998/11/1. N2 - Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT), a benign neoplasm, is now a well recognized clinicopathological entity. We report the second case of DNT in the cerebellum occurring in a 20-year-old male presenting with ataxia. He also had Arnold-Chiari malformation of the adult type. Histologically the tumor was a 'simple' DNT having the specific 'glioneuronal' element, namely oligodendrocyte-like cells (OLCs), mucoid change and floating neurons (Purkinje cells). A striking feature was the perpendicular arrangement of the neuropil columns extending from the pial surface to white matter similar to those seen in supratentorial examples. On immunostaining some of the OLCs were positive for synaptophysin and negative for glial fibrillary ...

Herpes simplex virus is the most common cause of severe sporadic encephalitis. We report a case of herpes simplex type 1-encephalitis in a 50-year-old woman receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor-α monoclonal antibodies adalimumab. Although she was an acyclovir naïve patient, a mixed viral population (wild-type and acyclovir-resistant bearing a thymidine-kinase mutation) was identified in the cerebrospinal fluid. The virus in cerebrospinal fluid evolved and a second thymidine-kinase mutant virus emerged. Combined foscavir and acyclovir treatment resolved the herpes simplex encephalitis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex encephalitis in a patient treated with adalimumab ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Serotonergic involvement in levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease. AU - Cheshire, Perdita Anne. AU - Williams, David. PY - 2012. Y1 - 2012. N2 - Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) represent a substantial barrier to effective symptomatic management of Parkinson s disease, but current treatment options for this debilitating side effect are limited, despite an increasing understanding of their pathophysiology from animal models. Increasing evidence suggests that serotonin neurons have a pivotal role in the induction and maintenance of dyskinesias, and provide a promising target for anti-dyskinetic therapies. Here, we review the evidence for serotonergic involvement in dyskinesias from animal and human data, and highlight some of the translational gaps which may explain why the success of serotonin autoreceptor agonists as anti-dyskinetic agents in experimental models has failed to be replicated in clinical trials.. AB - Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) represent a ...

Herpes simplex encephalitis and neonatal herpes simplex virus infections are important consequences of herpes simplex virus infections of humans. The association of both diseases with significant mortality and morbidity has prompted intensive therapeutic trials designed to improve outcome. The NIAID Collaborative Antiviral Study Group has been able to demonstrate that vidarabine therapy decreases the mortality and improves morbidity for both herpes simplex encephalitis and neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. Nevertheless, mortality for both diseases is about 40% and many survivors are left with significant neurological impairment. With the hope of improving outcome, we initiated comparative trials of vidarabine and acyclovir for these two diseases. This report summarizes the status of these trials, which are still underway, with particular reference to the complexities of studies such as these. Because adequate numbers of patients for definitive statistical analyses have not been entered ...

A 20-year-old female, national-level, synchronized ice skater sustained a midsupraspinatus tendon tear (4 mm) in her left shoulder during a training session. Physical tests identified scapular dyskinesis on the involved side, and pain during shoulder flexion tasks. With no best practice identified for the conservative treatment of rotator cuff tears, treatment focused on correcting the scapular dyskinesis present. Within 12 weeks of treatment the patient was pain free, returned to full level of sport, and did not display any signs of scapular dyskinesis. These findings suggest that conservative treatment designed to correct scapular dyskinesis can be effective in alleviating pain and dysfunction associated with rotator cuff tears, as well as reducing time to return to full level of sport when compared to surgical interventions. ...

Many transmembrane receptors are oligomeric proteins. Binding of a ligand may alter the oligomeric state of the receptor, induce structural changes within the oligomer, or both. The bacterial aspartate chemoreceptor Tar forms a homodimer in the presence or absence of ligands. Tar mediates attractant and repellent responses by modulating the activity of the cytoplasmic kinase CheA. In vivo intersubunit suppression was used to show that certain combinations of full-length and truncated mutant Tar proteins complemented each other to restore attractant responses to aspartate. These results suggest that heterodimers with only one intact cytoplasmic domain are functional. The signaling mechanism may require interactions between dimers or conformational changes within a single cytoplasmic domain.. ...

The pathophysiology of levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) in Parkinson's disease is not well understood.. We have recorded local field potentials (LFP) from macroelectrodes implanted in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of 14 patients with Parkinson's disease following surgical treatment with deep brain stimulation. Patients were studied in the 'Off' medication state and in the 'On' motor state after administration of levodopa-carbidopa (po) or apomorphine (sc) that elicited dyskinesias in 11 patients. The logarithm of the power spectrum of the LFP in selected frequency bands (4-10, 11-30 and 60-80 Hz) was compared between the 'Off' and 'On' medication states.. A peak in the 11-30 Hz band was recorded in the 'Off' medication state and reduced by 45.2% (P , 0.001) in the 'On' state. The 'On' was also associated with an increment of 77. 6% (P , 0.001) in the 4-10 Hz band in all patients who showed dyskinesias and of 17.8% (P , 0.001) in the 60-80 Hz band in the majority of patients. When dyskinesias ...

We show here that synaptic transmission to the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) is mediated principally by excitatory amino acid receptors and has two components. A fast excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) is mediated by non-NMDA receptors and a slow EPSC is mediated by NMDA receptors. Each neuron receives a large synaptic input (calyx of Held) which produces an EPSC with a mean peak conductance of 37 nS. The somatic location of this synapse gives good resolution of the EPSC timecourse with the fast EPSC decaying with a time constant of 1.1 ms (at 25 °C). The slow EPSC exhibits a double exponential decay with time constants of 41 ms and 106 ms and is voltage dependent in the presence of extracellular magnesium. Other smaller EPSCS mediated by NMDA and non-NMDA receptors, and a strychnine-sensitive synaptic current, are also present. Although the intrinsic membrane properties of MNTB neurons (Forsythe & Barnes-Davies (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 251, 143 (1993)), preceding paper) promote ...

PURPOSE We identified factors predicting liver histology in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumor undergoing concurrent post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and liver resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the Indiana University testis cancer database to identify all patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumor and liver metastasis who underwent post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and liver resection between 1976 and 2006. RESULTS A total of 59 patients met study inclusion criteria. Necrosis, teratoma and cancer were identified in 31%, 46% and 24% of retroperitoneal specimens, and in 73%, 17% and 10% of liver specimens, respectively. Concordance between retroperitoneal and liver histology was 49% overall, including 94% for necrosis, 26% for teratoma and 36% for cancer. Liver necrosis alone was found in 94%, 70% and 50% of patients with retroperitoneal necrosis, teratoma and cancer, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The overall rate of histological

Encephalitis lethargica (EL) describes an encephalitis with psychiatric, sleep, and extrapyramidal movement disorders. Dyskinetic and parkinsonian forms have been described. EL shares clinical features with the anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR-Ab) encephalitis. We studied 20 sera from pediatric patients with contemporary EL. Ten sera (from 2 males and 8 females, aged 1.3-13 years) and 6/6 cerebrospinal fluid samples were positive for NMDAR-Ab. NMDAR-Ab-positive patients had dyskinesias, agitation, seizures, and insomnia, whereas parkinsonism and somnolence dominated in the NMDAR-Ab-negative children. We were unable to identify any tumors. The dyskinetic form of EL is an NMDAR-Ab encephalitis and can affect very young children.

According to the Department of Disease Control, the three new cases of Japanese encephalitis are a woman in her 50s in Hukou Township, Hsinchu County, a man in his 50s in the west of Chiayi City and a women in her 30s in Linbian Township, Pingtung County.. 18 infections you can get from mosquitoes. All three are currently hospitalized.. This brings the total Japanese encephalitis cases in Taiwan to 10, including one death. This includes 4 cases in Kaohsiung City (including 1 death), 2 cases in Chiayi City and Pingtung County, 1 in Chiayi County and 1 in Hsinchu County.. Taiwan reports additional local dengue case in Kaohsiung. Domestic Japanese encephalitis vector mosquitoes are mainly three-spotted mosquitoes, ring-shaped mosquitoes and white-headed mosquitoes. Most people have no obvious symptoms after infection with Japanese encephalitis. A few may have headache, fever or aseptic meningitis. Change of consciousness, inability to distinguish between people and time, general weakness, damage to ...

Amoebic encephalitis is an infection of the brain caused by various different amoebae, for example Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba species, Balamuthia mandrillaris, or Entamoeba histolytica.[5] These infections are rare, and usually lethal.[10] Naegleria fowleri causes primary amoebic encephalitis (PAE), which progresses very rapidly, whereas Acanthamoeba species cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), which is also usually lethal, but develops slower than PAE.[10] Acanthamoeba species and Balamuthia mandrillaris usually only cause disease in immunocompromised patients and Entamoeba histolytica can cause encephalitis after infecting another region in the body.[10] There has been only one documented case of pathogenesis involving Sappinia species, which resulted in granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in a non-immunocompromised 38-year-old male from Texas in 1998.[5] The fact that the patient was non-immunocompromised is surprising because there is only one known amoeba (Naegleria fowleri) ...

1. Weinmann-Menke J, Holtz S, Sollinger D, Dörken M, Boedecker S, Schamberger S, Pfister F, Amann K, Lutz J. Treatment of Membranous Nephropathy in patients with Thrombospondin Type 1 -Domain-Containing 7A (THSD7A) Antibodies using Immunoadsorption. AJKD 2019 in press.. 2. Schwarting A, Möckel T, Lütgendorf F, Triantafyllias K, Grella S, Boedecker S, Weinmann A, Lüssi F, Meineck M, Sommer C, Schermuly I, Fellgiebel A, Weinmann-Menke J. Fatigue in SLE - diagnostic and pathogenic impact of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) autoantibodies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019 in press. 3. Triantafyllias K, de Blasi M, Lütgendorf F, Cavagna L, Stortz M, Weinmann-Menke J, Konstantinides S, Galle PR, Schwarting A. High cardiovascular risk in mixed connective tissue disease: evaluation of macrovascular involvement and its predictors by aortic pulse wave velocity. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019 April 2. 4. *Wada Y, *Gonzalez-Sanchez HM, *Weinmann-Menke J, Iwata Y, Ajay AK, Meineck M, Kelley VR. IL-34-Dependent ...

Title: Tardive Dyskinesia with Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs. VOLUME: 2 ISSUE: 3. Author(s):Jambur Ananth, Kartik Ananth and Aparna Keshavan. Affiliation:Metropolitan State Hospital,11401 Bloomfield Avenue, Norwalk 90650, USA.. Keywords:Tardive dyskinesia, clinical features of tardive dyskinesia, pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia, epidemiology of tardive dyskinesia, risk factors for tardive dyskinesia, tardive dykinesia with atypical antipsychotic agents. Abstract: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) manifests as abnormal involuntary movements that develop gradually in patients receiving antipsychotic medication. The clinical characteristics are a) the movements disappear from the group of muscles engaged in a voluntary activity, b) they can be voluntarily suppressed for a few seconds c) during sleep they disappear and d) the most frequent site is the bucco-oral area. Movements indistinguishable from those of TD can also occur in several neurological disorders as well as in patients receiving phenytoin ...

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Visna virus of sheep and arthritis-encephalitis virus of goats are serologically related but genetically distinct retroviruses which cause slowly progressive diseases in their natural hosts. To localize homologous regions of the DNAs of these two viruses, we constructed a physical map of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus DNA and aligned it with the viral RNA. Cloned probes of visna virus DNA were then used to localize regions of homology with the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus DNA. These studies showed homology in the 5' region of the genome encompassing U5 and the gag and pol genes and also in a small region in the env gene. These findings correlate with biological data suggesting that the regions of the DNA which are homologous may be responsible for virus group characteristics such as the closely related virus core antigens. Regions which did not show homology such as large sections in the env gene may represent unique sequences which control highly strain-specific characteristics ...

Metoclopramide is an antiemetic drug which occasionally produced acute dystonic reactions. Although known to interfere with central dopamine mechanisms, it is frequently used in Parkinson's disease to prevent levodopa-induced nausea and vomiting. In this study metoclopramide did not increase Parkinsonism or reduce levodopa-induced involuntary movements in patients with Parkinson's disease. Pimozide, by contrast, increased Parkinsonism and reduced involuntary movements. The capacity of metoclopramide to produce acute dyskinesias while being apparently free of Parkinsonism effects is pharmacologically unique and differentiates this drug from the phenothiazines and butyrophenones.. ...

Metastatic cancer to the brain and spinal cord is a well-established cause of neurological dysfunction in patients with malignancies. It is estimated that 2-5% of patients with cancer have evidence of epidural metastasis.2, 3, 4-6, 10 Lung, prostate, and breast cancer each account for 15-20% of all cases in adults.2, 5, 6-8 In children, sarcomas, neuroblastomas, Hodgkin's disease, and germ cell tumors are the most common cause of epidural metastasis.7, 8, 9-12. Spinal cord compression from yolk sac tumors in children has been described in the literature.3, 4, 9, 11-14 However, this is the first study to describe an extragonadal yolk sac tumor originating from the mediastinum of an adult male that subsequently caused an acute conus medullaris syndrome.. The anterior mediastinum is the most common site of extragonadal germ cell tumors. Benign mature teratoma or seminoma are the most common subtype while nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) such as yolk sac tumors are rare.1, 14 Primary ...

High-level gains at 5p15, a chromosomal region including the human telomerase catalytic protein subunit (gene dosage in a group of medulloblastomas and other embryonal brain tumors using differential PCR. that gene amplification is relatively common in embryonal brain tumors, and that increased expression of hTERT mRNA may be associated with biologically aggressive tumor behavior. Brain tumors are the most common solid neoplasms that occur in childhood. 1 Among them, embryonal tumors are the most frequently encountered malignant lesions. Included in the current World Health Organization classification are medulloblastoma, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (sPNET), atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT), and medulloepithelioma. The major molecular changes in central nervous system (CNS) embryonal tumors are only partially understood. 2 One gene commonly involved in carcinogenesis that has not yet been analyzed in a significant number of embryonal brain tumors is gene is located on ...

Japanese encephalitis is caused by a viral infection of the brain transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. Patients with Japanese encephalitis can rapidly develop worsening conscious level and seizures. Around a third will die from the infection and half of survivors have serious long-term neurological disability. The majority of those affected are children. There are many causes of viral encephalitis, however Japanese encephalitis virus is the most common cause worldwide with over 60,000 cases annually. It occurs over much of Asia and the geographical range is expanding. There is no specific treatment for Japanese encephalitis virus, although several have been trialed. In this study we examined the effect of a new treatment, called intravenous immunoglobulin, on children with Japanese encephalitis in Nepal. Prior studies have suggested intravenous immunoglobulin may neutralize Japanese encephalitis virus and suppress damaging inflammation in the brain. It has previously been used in ...

The literature on paediatric acute-onset movement disorders is scattered. In a prospective cohort of 52 children (21 male; age range 2mo-15y), the commonest were chorea, dystonia, tremor, myoclonus, and Parkinsonism in descending order of frequency. In this series of mainly previously well children with cryptogenic acute movement disorders, three groups were recognised: (1) Psychogenic disorders (n = 12), typically ,10 years of age, more likely to be female and to have tremor and myoclonus (2) Inflammatory or autoimmune disorders (n = 22), including N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis, opsoclonus-myoclonus, Sydenham chorea, systemic lupus erythematosus, acute necrotizing encephalopathy (which may be autosomal dominant), and other encephalitides and (3) Non-inflammatory disorders (n = 18), including drug-induced movement disorder, post-pump chorea, metabolic, e ...

Fixational eye movements comprise of fast microsaccades alternating with slow inter-saccadic drifts. These physiologic eye movements play an important role in visual perception. Amblyopic patients are known to have fixation instability, particularly of the amblyopic eye. We examined eye movement abnormalities that contribute to this instability. We found that fixation stability is affected by the presence of fusion maldevelopment nystagmus (FMN). However, some amblyopes can have nystagmus without nasally directed slow phases and reversal in direction of the quick phase on ocular occlusion, features seen in FMN. In patients without nystagmus, we found increased amplitude of fixational saccades and inter-saccadic drifts. We categorized amblyopia patients by type (anisometropic, strabismic, or mixed) and eye movement waveform (no nystagmus, nystagmus without FMN, and FMN). We found specific fast and slow eye movement abnormalities of the fellow and amblyopic eye during fellow, amblyopic and both ...

IGAS is the world leader in handwriting analysis training and certification. Here you will find handwriting analysis books, handwriting analysis instruction, study groups, IGAS chapters, and much more graphology, handwriting, handwriting analysis, personality, handwriting,chapters, user groups, handwriting analysis, handwriting, graphology, handwriting, handwriting analysis, IGAS, personality, handwriting, IGAS, graphoanalysis, graphoanalytic, instruction, chapters, studygroups and more! IGAS is a professional association that trains handwriting analysts, performs continuing research in the field of handwriting analysis and serves in an advisory and supervisory capacity to organized groups of handwriting analysts. IGAS supports a worldwide network of thousands of certified handwriting analysts through the International Graphoanalysis Society and its associated chapters. Handwriting analysis certification The world leader in handwriting analysis certification and association ...

Specific glutamates in the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) of Escherichia coli are modified during sensory adaptation. Attractants that bind to MCPs are known to increase the rate of receptor modification, as with serine and the serine receptor (Tsr), which contributes to an increase in the steady-state (adapted) methylation level. However, MCPs form ternary complexes with two cytoplasmic signaling proteins, the kinase (CheA) and an adaptor protein (CheW), but their influences on receptor methylation are unknown. Here, the influence of CheW on the rate of Tsr methylation has been studied to identify contributions to the process of adaptation. Methyl group incorporation was measured in a series of membrane samples in which the Tsr molecules were engineered to have one available methyl-accepting glutamate residue (297, 304, 311 or 493). The relative rates at these sites (0.14, 0.05, 0.05 and 1, respectively) differed from those found previously for the aspartate receptor (Tar), which was in

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'The actions of propofol on inhibitory amino acid receptors of bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin cells and rodent central neurones'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

BACKGROUND: The syndrome of progressive encephalopathy with limb rigidity has been historically termed progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) or stiff-person syndrome plus. METHODS: The case is presented of a previously healthy 28-year-old man with a rapidly fatal form of PERM developing over 2 months. RESULTS: Serum antibodies to both NMDA receptors (NMDAR) and glycine receptors (GlyR) were detected postmortem, and examination of the brain confirmed an autoimmune encephalomyelitis, with particular involvement of hippocampal pyramidal and cerebellar Purkinje cells and relative sparing of the neocortex. No evidence for an underlying systemic neoplasm was found. CONCLUSION: This case displayed not only the clinical features of PERM, previously associated with GlyR antibodies, but also some of the features associated with NMDAR antibodies. This unusual combination of antibodies may be responsible for the particularly progressive course and sudden death.

A case of eastern equine encephalitis in a horse has been reported in the Hunts Mills area of Chesterfield County. No case of human infection has been reported and eastern equine encephalitis is rare in humans, according to the S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control. In the United States there are approximately five to 10 cases of eastern equine encephalitis annually, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The disease causes inflammation of the brain and can be fatal.

N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play fundamental roles in basic brain functions such as excitatory neurotransmission and learning and memory processes. Their function is largely regulated by factors released by glial cells, including the coagonist d-serine. We investigated whether the activation of microglial CX3CR1 induces the release of factors that modulate NMDAR functions. We recorded the NMDAR component of the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (NMDA-fEPSPs) elicited in the CA1 stratum radiatum of mouse hippocampal slices by Shaffer collateral stimulation and evaluated d-serine content in the extracellular medium of glial primary cultures by mass spectrometry analysis. We demonstrated that CX3CL1 increases NMDA-fEPSPs by a mechanism involving the activity of the adenosine receptor type A2 (A2AR) and the release of the NMDAR coagonist d-serine. Specifically (1) the selective A2AR blocker 7-(2-phenylethyl)-5-amino-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1

© 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. It is known that extracellular glutamate concentrations are increased in tendinopathy but the effects of glutamate upon human tendon derived cells are unknown. The primary purpose was to investigate the effect of glutamate exposure on human tendon-derived cells in terms of viability, protein, and gene expression. The second purpose was to assess whether NMDAR antagonism would affect the response of tendon-derived cells to glutamate exposure. Human tendon-derived cells were obtained from supraspinatus tendon tissue obtained during rotator cuff repair (tendon tear derived cells) and from healthy hamstring tendon tissue (control cells). The in vitro impact of glutamate exposure and NMDAR antagonism (MK-801) was measured using the Alamar blue cell viability assay, immunocytochemistry, and quantitative real-time PCR. Glutamate reduced cell viability at 24 h in tendon tear derived cells but not in control cells at concentrations of 7.5

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Chromosomal heteromorphisms and DNA polymorphisms have been utilized to identify the mechanisms that lead to formation of human ovarian teratomas and to construct a gene-centromere map of chromosome 1 by using those teratomas that arise by meiotic nondisjunction. Of 61 genetically informative ovarian teratomas, 21.3% arose by nondisjunction at meiosis I, and 39.3% arose by meiosis II nondisjunction. Eight polymorphic marker loci on chromosome 1p and one marker on 1q were used to estimate a gene-centromere map. The results show clear linkage of the most proximal 1p marker (NRAS) and the most proximal 1q marker (D1S61) to the centromere at a distance of 14 cm and 20 cm, respectively. Estimated gene-centromere distances suggest that, while recombination occurs normally in ovarian teratomas arising by meiosis II errors, ovarian teratomas arising by meiosis I nondisjunction have altered patterns of recombination. Furthermore, the estimated map demonstrates clear evidence of chiasma interference. Our ...

Ovarian teratomas is the most common group of ovarian germ cell tumors. They can be divided into 3 main sub types mature ovarian teratoma immature ovarian teratoma specialized teratoma struma ovarii tumor See also ovarian tumors

TY - JOUR. T1 - Protective effect of excitatory amino acids on cold-restraint stress-induced gastric ulcers in mice. T2 - Role of cyclic nucleotides. AU - Chen, Sheng Hsuan. AU - Lei, Hsiao Ling. AU - Huang, Lih Ron. AU - Tsai, Li Hsueh. PY - 2001. Y1 - 2001. N2 - Previous studies have shown that excitatory amino acids (EAAs) and their receptors may play important roles in the mammalian enteric system. In this study, we investigated whether EEAs, including L-glutamate (L-Glu) and subtypes N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), kainic acid (KA), and quisqualic acid (QA), reduce cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and play a role in protecting gastric lesions in cold-restraint stress (CRS) mice. First, we found that dose-dependent administration of four selected EAAs significantly attenuated the increase of cAMP content and exhibited a protective effect on the development of gastric lesions induced by CRS. Second, CRS treatment exhibited a decrease of cGMP content and an increase of cAMP content with marked ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Developmental assembly of calcium-mobilizing systems for excitatory amino acids in rat cerebellum. AU - Ito, Etsuro. AU - Miyazawa, Atsuo. AU - Takagi, Hiroshi. AU - Yoshioka, Tohru. AU - Horikoshi, Tetsuro. AU - Yanagisawa, Keiji. AU - Nakamura, Takeshi. AU - Kudo, Yoshihisa. AU - Umeda, Masato. AU - Inoue, Keizo. AU - Mikoshiba, Katsuhiko. PY - 1991/8. Y1 - 1991/8. N2 - The postnatal development of calcium-mobilizing systems was studied by both microfluorometric imaging analysis of Ca2+ on living rat cerebellar slices and immunohistochemical labeling of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate binding protein (IP3BP) in fixed rat cerebellum. Stimulation with quisqualate (QA) or N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) enhanced the Ca2+ level only diffusely on postnatal day (PND) 3, but more discretely on PNDs 7 and 15. On PND 21, QA-induced responses were localized in the molecular layer especially, but not in the granular layer. By contrast, NMDA ...

IgG-class autoantibodies to N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors define a novel entity of autoimmune encephalitis. Studies examining the prevalence of NMDA IgA/IgM antibodies in patients with Parkinson disease with/without dementia produced conflicting results. We measured NMDA antibodies in a large, well phenotyped sample of Parkinson patients without and with cognitive impairment (n = 296) and controls (n = 295) free of neuropsychiatric disease. Detailed phenotyping and large numbers allowed statistically meaningful correlation of antibody status with diagnostic subgroups as well as quantitative indicators of disease severity and cognitive impairment. NMDA antibodies were analysed in the serum of patients and controls using well established validated assays. We used anti-NMDA antibody positivity as the main independent variable and correlated it with disease status and phenotypic characteristics. The frequency of NMDA IgA/IgM antibodies was lower in Parkinson patients (13%) than in

In 1975 our laboratory reported that a methylated membrane protein is involved in bacterial chemotaxis (Kort et al., 1975). It is now known that the extent of methylation of this protein (called MCP...

Introduction: The presence of MUC5AC (M1 antigen) and MUC6 have previously been found in ovarian mucinous cyst. We characterized the mucins in the crude mucus and tissue of a mature ovarian tera...