This perspective paper explores the utilization of abiotic stress-responsive transcription factors (TFs) from crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants to improve abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. CAM is a specialized type of photosynthetic adaptation that enhances water-use efficiency (WUE) by shifting CO2 uptake to all or part of the nighttime when evaporative water losses are minimal. Recent studies have shown that TF-based genetic engineering could be a useful approach for improving plant abiotic stress tolerance because of the role of TFs as master regulators of clusters of stress-responsive genes. Here, we explore the use of abiotic stress-responsive TFs from CAM plants to improve abiotic stress tolerance and WUE in crops by controlling the expression of gene cohorts that mediate drought-responsive adaptations. Recent research has revealed several TF families including AP2/ERF, MYB, WRKY, NAC, NF-Y, and bZIP that might regulate water-deficit stress responses and CAM in the inducible ...

Young Researchers Seminar 2007 Brno, Czech Republic, 27 to 30 May 2007. artificial PErception under Adverse CONditions: The Case of the Visibility Range LCPC in cooperation with INRETS , France. Nicolas Hautière. Overview. ADAS and adverse visibility conditions Slideshow 4188590 by kaemon

Apigenin is a natural product in various Chinese herbs and exhibits high bioactivity, including anticancer, anti- inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects (27-29). In addition, previous studies have indicated that it also elicits neuroprotective effects (30,31). In the present study, depressive-like mice, induced by chronic restraint stress, were used to investigate the antidepressant effects of apigenin. Chronic restraint stress has become a widely employed rodent model for depression-like disorders (23,32-34). Fluoxetine was used as a positive control drug, and, similar to fluoxetine, apigenin was observed to increase sucrose preference and decrease the immobility time in behavioral tests. According to the cytotoxicity assay, apigenin is a safe and easily-accessed compound, widely used in various Chinese herbs and food. The findings of the present study suggested that apigenin can exert antidepressive effects in chronic restraint stress model mice.. Clinically, the degree of autophagy has been ...

This study demonstrates, with empirical evidence that experimental translocation leads to changes in the stress physiology of birds handled in a manner typical of many conservation activities. Furthermore, the effects of the progressive sequence of capture, handling, transport, captivity and release to a new location seem to be additive, meaning that the sequence of acute stressors typically associated with the process of translocation causes meaningful physiological stress in birds. Translocated chukar had decreased baseline CORT concentrations, a reduced capacity to mount a CORT response to an acute stressor, a decreased sensitivity to negative feedback and significant weight loss.. Interestingly, days elapsed prior to recapture was not associated with the magnitude of these changes, indicating that the changes to HPA function occurred quickly and persisted beyond the cessation of exposure to translocation-associated acute stressors. Unfortunately, our study did not allow follow-up beyond ...

Surgical stress is the systemic response to surgical injury and is characterized by activation of the sympathetic nervous system, endocrine responses as well as immunological and haematological changes. Measurement of surgical stress is used in anaesthesia, physiology and surgery. Analysis of the surgical stress response can be used for evaluation of surgical techniques and comparisons of different anaesthetic protocols. Moreover they can be performed both in the intraoperative or postoperative period. If there is a choice between different techniques for a surgical procedure, one method to evaluate and compare the surgical techniques is to subject one group of patients to one technique, and the other group of patients to another technique, after which the surgical stress responses triggered by the procedures are compared. The technique with the least surgical stress response is considered the best for the patient. Similarly, a group of patients can be subjected to a surgical procedure where one ...

Powered by Pure, Scopus & Elsevier Fingerprint Engine™ © 2020 Elsevier B.V. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Log in to Pure. ...

Purpose: : Changes in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) gene expression are important metrics to evaluate the response of these cells to apoptotic and neuroprotective stimuli. We sought to develop a qPCR array to interrogate normal and stress-response gene expression for mouse RGCs that also complied with the Minimal Information required for Quantitative PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines. Methods: : RGC specific and select stress-response genes were identified from the literature. Primers were designed to bridge introns, contain 60% GC identity, and amplify approximately 200 bp of cDNA. All primers were tested for specificity at a common temperature. All amplimers were cloned and sequenced, confirming identity. Standard curve data was obtained from cloned cDNAs of all target genes. Experimental cDNAs were generated from retinas isolated from eyes after optic nerve crush, including eyes from mice treated with the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) and from different strains that exhibit different ...

Organisms and their cells are constantly exposed to environmental fluctuations. Among them are stressors, which can induce macromolecular damage that exceeds a set threshold, independent of the underlying cause. Stress responses are mechanisms used by organisms to adapt to and overcome stress stimuli. Different stressors or different intensities of stress trigger different cellular responses, namely induce cell repair mechanisms, induce cell responses that result in temporary adaptation to some stressors, induce autophagy or trigger cell death. Studies have reported life-prolonging effects of a wide variety of so-called stressors, such as oxidants, heat shock, some phytochemicals, ischemia, exercise and dietary energy restriction, hypergravity, etc. These stress responses, which result in enhanced defense and repair and even cross-resistance against multiple stressors, may have clinical use and will be discussed, while the emphasis will be on the effects/cross-effects of oxidants.

The adaptive response of cells to increased unfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum, or the unfolded protein response (UPR), is a fundamental and conserved cellular survival mechanism. Cancer development is often associated with a range of cytotoxic conditions like hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and pH changes. These conditions trigger a set of cellular stress response pathways including the ER-stress response. Many aspects of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress response are adaptive and protect tumor cells from cell death suggesting a crucial role in tumor growth. Much less is known about the role of ER-stress response pathways in early stages of cancer and tumor progression. IRE1α is a major transducer of the UPR and is an ER localized transmembrane protein kinase/RNase. When activated by ER stress IRE1α splices an internal sequence from the XBP1 mRNA to generate a new transcript encoding the active XBP1 transcription factor, a major regulator of the adaptive response to ER ...

The way stress affects the body can range from a quick chest flutter to serious issues like depression and an increased risk for heart attack and stroke. Find out how stress affects you, and how to control it.

Recent advances in neuroimaging technologies have rendered multimodal analysis of operators cognitive processes in complex task settings and environments increasingly more practical. In this exploratory study, we utilized optical brain imaging and mobile eye tracking technologies to investigate the behavioral and neurophysiological differences among expert and novice operators while they operated a human-machine interface in normal and adverse conditions. In congruence with related work, we observed that experts tended to have lower prefrontal oxygenation and exhibit gaze patterns that are better aligned with the optimal task sequence with shorter fixation durations as compared to novices. These trends reached statistical significance only in the adverse condition where the operators were prompted with an unexpected error message. Comparisons between hemodynamic and gaze measures before and after the error message indicated that experts neurophysiological response to the error involved a systematic

Plant growth and productivity are greatly affected by various stress factors. The molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance in plant species have been well established. Metabolic pathways involving the synthesis of metabolites such as polyamines, carbohydrates, proline and glycine betaine have been shown to be associated with stress tolerance. Introduction of the stress-induced genes involved in these pathways from tolerant species to sensitive plants seems to be a promising approach to confer stress tolerance in plants. In cases where single gene is not enough to confer tolerance, metabolic engineering necessitates the introduction of multiple transgenes in plants ...

This book addresses Phyto-Microbiome Mediated Stress Regulation. It offers a compendium of plant and microbial interactions at the level of multitrophic interactions and identifies gaps between future demand and present research on plant stress conditions.

TY - BOOK. T1 - Environmental Stress Responses and Biological Interactions Investigated in the Drosophila Model System. AU - Ørsted, Michael. N1 - PhD supervisor: Professor Torsten Nygaard Kristensen, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg University, Denmark. PY - 2017. Y1 - 2017. N2 - When organisms are faced with changes in their environment, they are forced to respond, if they are to maintain optimal function. Especially ectotherms must deal with environmental changes in e.g. temperature on a regular basis, and thus their survival and reproductive success depend on their ability to respond on a behavioral, physiological, morphological and/or evolutionary level according to the environmental cues.At the same time, if populations are small and fragmented, and have limited gene flow, environmental change and environmental stress might interact with intrinsic genetic stress such as inbreeding and genetic drift, which can exacerbate the effects of one or more environmental stresses. ...

Background. Previously in line with the concept of a triune neuro-endocrine-immune complex we have been carried out integrated quantitative estimation of neuroendocrine and immune responses to chronic restraint stress at male rats. At the next stage, research has been conducted in this line on female rats. In this article we give the results of quantitative evaluation of neuroendocrine responses to chronic restraint stress.. Material and methods. The experiment has been conducted on 60 white female rats Wistar line weighing 230-300 g. 10 of these animals have not subjected to any influences and 50 of them subjected to moderated stress by daily 30-minute immobilization during 7 days. The day after the completion of stressing in rats of both groups the parameters of HRV, blood levels of hormones as well as blood and urine levels Ca, P, Na and K have been registered. The thickness of glomerular, fascicular and reticular zones in sections of the adrenal glands thas been measured under a ...

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are stress-responsive proteins that activate the expression of heat shock genes and are highly conserved from bakers yeast to humans. Under basal conditions, the human HSF1 protein is maintained as an inactive monomer through intramolecular interactions between two coiled-coil domains and interactions with heat shock proteins; upon environmental, pharmacological, or physiological stress, HSF1 is converted to a homotrimer that binds to its cognate DNA binding site with high affinity. To dissect regions of HSF1 that make important contributions to the stability of the monomer under unstressed conditions, we have used functional complementation in bakers yeast as a facile assay system. Whereas wild-type human HSF1 is restrained as an inactive monomer in yeast that is unable to substitute for the essential yeast HSF protein, mutations in the linker region between the DNA binding domain and the first coiled-coil allow HSF1 to homotrimerize and rescue the ...

How stress affects your body can turn into so much more than just your body. It can affect your whole entire life! Check out just what I mean!

I took this brain research work only to avoid deadly diseases in human arises out of physiological stress triggered by the dead weight hands which got exposed through the medium of light after the invention of my Computer Medical Instrument patented in the year 1998 had revealed the facts. These deadly diseases such as Diabetes of Type-I and Type-II, Brain stroke, Coronary heart disease, chronic kidney failure, bowel disorder, arthritis, as well as Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease inclusive of all types of cancer just arises out of the dead weight hands, where one hand is stronger than the other hand that manifest the disease in the human brain in different ways out of physiological stress. So far nobody has understood from where these diseases are cropping up and the answer came when I correlated male elephant musth with that of human bipolar disorder gave the breakthrough mainly caused by physiological stress affecting the major portion of the brain that decelerates the brains voltage ...

TY - BOOK. T1 - Skin stress response pathways. T2 - Environmental factors and molecular opportunities. AU - Wondrak, Georg T. PY - 2016/1/1. Y1 - 2016/1/1. N2 - It is now established that the interplay between environmental exposure and molecular stress response pathways plays a critical role in skin health and disease, and a refined mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon at the molecular level promises to open new avenues for targeted therapeutic strategies that may benefit patients in the near future. Coauthored by recognized international leaders in molecular and clinical biomedical sciences, this novel book provides a comprehensive perspective on environmental exposure-induced skin stress response pathways. Focusing on molecular opportunities targeting skin stress response pathways that are involved in cutaneous barrier function and repair, antimicrobial defense, immune regulation, inflammation, and malignant progression, the book is essential reading for students, basic researchers, ...

In a multicellular organisms, it is not only essential to control the rate of cell division but also to control the rate of cell death of cells that are no longer needed. Programmed Cell death (PCD) is a bacterial stress response which leads to cell suicide mediated by an intracellular program and is responsible for eliminating unwanted or potentially harmful cells.. Chromosomal toxin-antitoxin module mazEF. mazEF is one of the toxin-antitoxin systems that have been found on the chromosomes of many bacteria including Escherichial coli that was discovered to play an important part in bacterial programmed cell death to regulate the amount of cells and to assist bacteria on coping with a stressful environment change.. The mazEF module consists of two adjacent genes, mazF and mazE. MazF is a stable, long-lived toxin while MazE is a labile antitoxin that is antagonizes MazF and are degraded in vivo by ClpPA serine protease. These two genes are co-expressed and the mazEF system is negatively ...

To investigate whether SIRT1 might be responsible for the ability of CR to protect the cells of animals from stress-induced apoptosis, we used an in vitro cell culture model that recapitulates key in vivo proliferative and phenotypic features of CR (22). In this system, cells are cultured in the presence of serum from calorically restricted rats, resulting in the induction of characteristic stress-response genes and the attenuation of stress-induced apoptosis (22). SIRT1 expression was ∼twofold higher in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells grown in the presence of CR serum as compared to cells grown in AL serum (Fig. 1B).. In worms, flies, and mice, mutations in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) pathway can extend life-span (6, 23). The levels of insulin and IGF-1 are 8- and 1.4-fold lower, respectively, in CR rodents as compared to AL rodents (22). To determine whether the induction of SIRT1 expression by CR serum was due, in part, to reduced levels of these factors, FaO ...

Living conditions of every organism are influenced by various factors at this time. Some of them have positive effect on organism, some negative. Basic condition for surviving is the ability to resist and adapt to changing metabolic and living conditions. Every single stress effect can lead to changes in metabolism but organisms have ability to develope sufficient mechanisms for stress response. Some of them are similar for all living organisms (enzyme production, endogenous primary stress metabolites) some of them are specific for certain organism or stress type. Cell stress response can be observed on different levels (proteomic, genomic, metabolomic). In proper conditions it can be used indrustrially. In this work, influences of various stress factors were studied. These factors were applied on selected organisms - carotenogenic yeast and plant materials. Yeast stress response was induced by osmotic and oxidation stress factors. Changes on proteomic level and in production of selected ...

Background and Aims: Mitochondrial diseases, generally regarded as disorders affecting the OXPHOS system, manifest in a variety of clinical phenotypes.D. melanogaster tko25taffords a model for OXPHOS deficiency, resulting from a decreased intramitochondrial translational capacity, and has phenotypic characteristics similar to those presented in many human mitochondrial diseases. Thetko25tmodel exhibits systematic changes in the expression of several genes associated with metabolism, stress response and reproduction, in response to OXPHOS deficiency. A set of the most highly up-regulated key metabolic stress-response genes, namelyCG11659,CG17192,Fbp1,Fbp2,Hsp22andImpL3, was chosen for analysis. The aims of the present study were to test nutritional effects on expression up-regulation and to determine, if down-regulation of these genes by RNAi has a specific influence on development or physiological functions oftko25tflies. Thus, the present study aimed at understanding natural metabolic ...

Although the concept of stress has earned a bad reputation, it is important to recognize that the adaptive purpose of a physiological stress response is to promote survival during fight or flight....

We know stress can take a toll on our lives and that limiting stress is important for long-term health, but how does stress affect our bodies, and most importantly what can we do about it?

In zebrafish, as in most vertebrates, three different isoforms of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, Hif-1α, Hif-2α, and Hif-3α, have been identified. The expression data of genes encoding these three proteins, as analyzed so far, show distinct expression patterns for all three isoforms during early development, under hypoxic conditions, and during exercise, suggesting differential roles for all three proteins under these different conditions. While isoform-specific functions for Hif-1α and Hif-2α have been identified in recent years, the role of Hif-3α remains somewhat elusive. Several studies mostly using mammalian cells or tissues discussed Hif-3α as a competitive inhibitor of Hif-1α and Hif-2α. In zebrafish, the expression changes for Hif-1α and Hif-3α observed during development and under environmental stress conditions do not support this hypothesis, and recent studies indicate that Hif-3α is also able to directly control transcriptional activity of certain genes. The ...

Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are esters formed from one glycerol and three fatty acids. TAGs are induced to accumulate in algal cells under environmental stress conditions including nutrient-limitation, hyperosmosis, and low temperature, for the storage of metabolic energy and carbon, and also for the consumption of excess energy (e.g., Hirai et al., 2016; Hayashi et al., 2017). Beside their physiological significance, the commercial utilization of algal TAG has been expected for the production of biodiesel, the methyl esters of fatty acids, from the aspect of carbon-neutral conception. The amounts of TAGs can be determined through quantitative measurement of their constituent fatty acids. This protocol consists of the following three parts: the first is the extraction of total lipids from algal cells with the use of organic solvents, chloroform and methanol, according to the method of Bligh and Dyer (1959), the second is the separation of TAG from the other lipid classes by thin-layer chromatography (TLC),

We all know stress is unhealthy. To examine just how much stress affects our body, the team at GR8NESS whipped together this convenient infographic.

Review for Laboratorie Remede, Laboratorie Remede Complete Treatment Anti-aging/Stress Control, Body Lotion. Read more Laboratorie Remede product reviews at Total Beauty.

In a retrospective analysis of a national database of hospital admissions, David McAllister and colleagues identify the 3-year risk of diabetes of hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia in Scotland. Please see later in the article for the Editors Summary

The invention relates to medicine and, in particular drugs for the treatment of neoplastic diseases, Allergy treatment, prevention and overall health of the person.. It is known that in many pathological processes is the development of chronic stress. In addition, such a basis can be and preactivate, and anti-stress reaction low and very low levels of reactivity. The removal of the body of these adverse conditions is the method of activation therapy.. Activation therapy shows almost everything, one for healing and prevention, the other for treatment, either independently or in conjunction with a variety of therapies and surgical interventions. Activation therapy shown to protect against the damaging action of factors of any nature, big loads, both physical and emotional, as well as to slow down aging. To invoke the desired anti-stress reactions to improve the functional state of the organism and the rise of resistance upon activation therapy currently uses a variety of biostimulants of plant and ...

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Our line of plant physiology has been used in research on water stress. A study published this year quantified the effects of leaf spraying on wheat under normal conditions and under water stress. Selenium spraying was done with CI-340 and increased nutrient uptake and overall wheat yield ...

Learn how stress changes respiration, impacting blood oxygenation and oxygen delivery, circulation, creation of internal pressure, hydration and elasticity of muscle and connective tissues, and support for posture.

While a suite of assays is available to biologists interested in measuring physiological stress, there is not a consensus as to the most reliable biomarker indicating an individual is experiencing an environmental stressor, especially on a chronic basis. Additionally there are many constraints (i.e., timing, effort, and cost) that impact which measure(s) of stress to use. We used meta-analysis to synthesize and compare available data associated with the response of two commonly used assays of physiological stress: heterophil:lymphocyte ratio (H/L) and circulating glucocorticoid concentration (GC). Because the studies where both measures were obtained centered in groups (i.e., birds and reptiles) where the primary GC is corticosterone (CORT), we only analyzed studies using those species which use CORT as the primary GC. We compared paired values of H/L and CORT from control (i.e., unstressed) and treatment (i.e., stressed) populations to test for differences between the ability of the two ...

I know people who suffer from cognitive distortion; I am in fact living with one! I live with someone who magnifies things and make situations appear way bigger than they actually are and ascribe way too much significance to things that are minor and of very little significance. Such individuals also do not give themselves…

Materials and Methods An indirect non-competitive ELISA immunoassay was developed based on the use of ELISA plates sensitised with TNF-α. The plates were incubated overnight at 4ºC using recombinant TNF-α from E. Coli at a concentration of 1 µg/ml. The immunoassay was validated in terms of calibration function (from 0.2 to 50.0 µg/ml), detection limit (0.06 µg/ml), precision as within-day reproducibility (relative standard deviation lesser than 10%), and accuracy as percentage of recovery (higher that 90%). The infliximab solutions of 10.0 mg/ml and 5.0 mg/ml in NaCl 0.9% were stored refrigerated at 4°C protected from daylight. The biological activity of these solutions was tested periodically up to 15 days by the ELISA method developed. The ELISA was also used to study the drug degradation in a stress study involving the exposure of samples of infliximab (50.0 mg/ml) for 24 hours to different stress conditions: basicity (NaOH 0.1M), acidity (HCl 0.1M), oxidation (H2O2 1% and 10%), ...

The engulfment of a proto-mitochondrion by a primitive unicellular organism gave rise to the first eukaryotic cell, and ever since, mitochondrial function has been a vital aspect of eukaryotic life. Under conditions of physiological stress, the mitochondrion is far from a passive bystander, instead playing a key role in signalling pathways and the cellular responses they elicit. In this thematic series of Extreme Physiology & Medicine, the role of the mitochondrion in the response to physiological stress will be considered anew, through research articles, reviews, viewpoints and methodology papers that aim to reposition the organelle as a key player in the human response to a wide range of extreme conditions.

Comparative biochemistry demonstrates that the metabolites, complex biochemical networks, enzymes and regulatory mechanisms essential to all living cells are conserved in amazing detail throughout evolution. Thus, in order to evolve, an organism must overcome new adverse conditions without creating different but equally dangerous alterations in its ongoing successful metabolic relationship with its environment. Evidence suggests that stable long-term acquisitive evolution results from minor increases in mutation rates of genes related to a particular stress, with minimal disturbance to the balanced and resilient metabolism critical for responding to an unpredictable environment. Microorganisms have evolved specific biochemical feedback mechanisms that direct mutations to genes derepressed by starvation or other stressors in their environment. Transcription of the activated genes creates localized supercoiling and DNA secondary structures with unpaired bases vulnerable to mutation. The resulting ...

A research team of TU Dresden and Max-Planck researchers have been awarded 1.3 Mill. Euro in research funding from the VolkswagenStiftung. The researchers will use this funding to study how cells enter a dormant state when exposed to adverse conditions. Dresden. Life-threatening conditions like a lack of water, oxygen or food lead to a dysfunctional metabolism in most living beings. At worst, such conditions can lead to the death of cells and tissue. However, it is known that some cells can enter a kind of standby mode called dormancy. During this mode, life-threatening conditions seem to have no influence on them. Cell activity is reduced to a minimum in dormant cells, which seem to be in an intermediate state between life and death. Metabolism, growth and reproduction cease to occur, but when dormant cells re-encounter favourable environmental conditions these life-sustaining biological processes are reactivated. In other words, if the missing resource, like water or food, is once again ...

A method, system and device for measurement of a blood constituent level, including a light source, a light detector proximate an organ surface, adjustable gain amplifiers, and a processor/controller connected within a processing unit operative to separate AC and DC signal components. The device may determine the level of blood constituent, may use this level for monitoring and/or to activate an alarm when the level falls outside a predetermined range, may be applied to monitoring conditions of apnea, respiratory stress, and reduced blood flow in organ regions, heart rate, jaundice, and blood flow velocity, and may be incorporated within a monitoring system.

The folding state of polypeptides is easily perturbed by adverse conditions. Misfolded proteins are non-functional and lead to a measure of inefficiency in the cells economy. Their presence has additional consequences that are unrelated to loss-of-function features as numerous genetic and biochemical observations suggest that structures elaborated by polypeptides that fail to attain their proper three dimensional structure have deleterious gain-of-function effects on cell function. This process, also referred to as proteotoxicity, appears to be particularly important to the fate of non-renewable cells of long-lived organisms in which accumulating misfolded proteins can act over extended periods of time. The hypothesized contribution of such proteotoxins to cellular dysfunction fits our intuitive notions of aging as a time and use-dependent process. The progressive aging of the human population has led to an increase in the incidence of diseases hypothesized to be associated with various ...

el johnno writes The Globe and Mail is reporting on possible physiological problems caused by so-called dirty electricity. Poor power quality caused by electrical feedback and harmonics from consumer electronics are cited as a possible cause of various physiological stress problems. While previ...

One of the hallmarks in the advancement of cancer cells is an ability to overcome and acquire resistance to adverse conditions. There has been a large amount of cancer research on IGFBP-3 as a pro-apoptotic molecule in vitro. These pro-apoptotic properties, however, do not correlate with several studies linking high IGFBP-3 levels in breast cancer tissue to rapid growth and poor prognosis. Evidence is emerging that IGFBP-3 also exhibits pro-survival and growth-promoting properties in vitro. How IGFBP-3 pivots cell fate to either death or survival, it seems, comes down to a complex interplay between cells microenvironments and the presence of cellular IGFBP-3 binding partners and growth factor receptors. The cytoprotective actions of IGFBP-3 are not restricted to cancer but are also observed in other disease states, such as retinopathy and brain ischaemia. Here we review the literature on this paradoxical nature of IGFBP-3, its pro-apoptotic and growth-inhibitory actions versus its cytoprotective and

If you do grow Aspidistra plants outside, be sure to keep the soil watered well, especially during the spring and summer, to compensate for the light intensity and outdoor temperatures. The Aspidistra Elatior, which is the one you find most commonly in homes across the UK, is native to Japan and Taiwan rather than China and Vietnam as is usually claimed. Try an advanced search, RHS Registered Charity no. Low to Moderate Watering Once a … Although the leaf surface is reasonably large evaporates little because it is leathery. Will produce white spathes if light is adequate. common aspidistra cast iron plant, Family ). Wonder which flowers to pick for your yard? Wash down your Aspidistra indoor house plants with a mixture of water and mild dish detergent. As with all of the Aspidistra cultivars this plant has the ability to grow in adverse conditions, such as in dark shade areas or in filtered light. You can also slowly acclimate it to life in the great outdoors. Easy plants and flower for ...

S-cysteinylated albumin and methionine-oxidized apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) have been posed as candidate markers of diseases associated with oxidative stress. Here, a dilute-and-shoot form of LC-electrospray ionization-MS requiring half a microliter of blood plasma was employed to simultaneously quantify the relative abundance of these oxidized proteoforms in samples stored at −80 °C, −20 °C, and room temperature and exposed to multiple freeze-thaw cycles and other adverse conditions in order to assess the possibility that protein oxidation may occur as a result of poor sample storage or handling. Samples from a healthy donor and a participant with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes .... ...

When School is closed:. · All activities scheduled in the district facilities will be cancelled for that day and evening.. · District sports events and team practice will be postponed.. · Before/After school day care programs at the schools will be cancelled.. Of particular importance is the issue of late start and early release.. Late starts are most often implemented if adverse conditions occur early in the morning, but it is anticipated conditions will improve enough for schools to open in a delayed manner. Late starts will be scheduled for a 2-hour delay. This means that buses will run on a delay and families should plan for their bus to arrive at their scheduled stop 2 hours later than the regular schedule. Student drop offs should also be delayed the appropriate 2-hour timeframe. Should the 2-hour schedule be modified, the change will be communicated through the resources listed above. A.M. Preschool and Kindergarten classes will be cancelled on a late start day.. Early releases most ...

NAEMTs Tactical Emergency Casualty Care (TECC) teaches EMS practitioners and other prehospital providers how to respond to and care for patients in a civilian tactical environment. It is designed to decrease preventable deaths in a tactical situation. The course presents the three phases of tactical care: • Direct Threat Care that is rendered while under attack or in adverse conditions. • Indirect Threat Care that is rendered while the threat has been suppressed, but may resurface at any point. • Evacuation Care that is rendered while the casualty is being evacuated from the incident site.

MarsMetal Specialty Casting has just delivered 3 sets of Stackable Steel Crane Test Weights (25,000 lbs in total) to a heavy-duty custom winch manufacturer in Ontario. These winches are used in heavy industial, commercial marine and theatre applications, where continuous-duty and adverse conditions are constant considerations and where rigorous testing is required to certify product […]. ...

Repeated exposure to stressful situations has been shown to increase individual reactivity to addictive drugs. However, the biological factors involved in such stress-induced changes are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of corticosterone in the effects of restraint Stress on the response to psychostimulants and opioids. The effects of repeated restraint stress on amphetamine- and morphine-induced locomotor activity were compared in: (i) animals with an intact hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; (ii) animals in which stress-induced corticosterone secretion was blocked by adrenalectomy, but who received exogenous corticosterone from a subcutaneous implant. The implanted pellets (50 mg) slowly release corticosterone producing a stable plasma level within the normal physiological range over a period of 20 days. Restraint stress increased the locomotor response to both amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg i.p.) and morphine (2 mg/kg s.c.) in animals with an intact HPA axis, but not in ...

Stress hyperglycaemia is a transient increase in blood glucose level during stressful events and is common in critically ill children. Several studies have demonstrated increased risk of mortality in these children. There is paucity of information on this subject in sub Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, outcome and factors associated with stress hyperglycaemia among children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) admitted to the Mwanamugimu nutrition unit of Mulago hospital in Uganda. This study was conducted from August 2015 to March 2016 at the Mwanamugimu nutrition unit of Mulago hospital among severely malnourished children aged 1 to 60 months. Random blood sugar levels were measured. Stress hyperglycaemia was considered as a random blood sugar | 150 mg/dl. The final outcome was ascertained at death or discharge. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi square test and logistic regression. Two hundred and thirty-five children were enrolled of whom 50% were girls.

The soil living, Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis is frequently exposed to a wide variety of stress and starvation conditions in its natural environment. In order to survive under these environmental and energy stresses, the bacterium acquired a general stress response mechanism mediated by the alternative sigma factor, SigB. A wide-variety of stress conditions such as environmental stress conditions like ethanol stress, heat stress, oxidative stress, osmotic stress or limitation of glucose, oxygen, phosphate etc.; and low temperature growth induce this SigB-dependent general stress response. Though much is known about the mechanisms of activation of this general stress response, the conditions that induce the SigB regulon and its general functions, the definition of the structure of the SigB regulon is not completely clear. The SigB-dependent general stress regulon has previously been characterized by proteomic approaches as well as DNA-array based expression studies. Genome-wide ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Early life stress increases stress vulnerability through BDNF gene epigenetic changes in the rat hippocampus. AU - Seo, Mi Kyoung. AU - Ly, Nguyen Ngoc. AU - Lee, Chan Hong. AU - Cho, Hye Yeon. AU - Choi, Cheol Min. AU - Nhu, Le Hoa. AU - Lee, Jung Goo. AU - Lee, Bong Ju. AU - Kim, Gyung Mee. AU - Yoon, Bongjune. AU - Park, Sung Woo. AU - Kim, Young Hoon. PY - 2016/6/1. Y1 - 2016/6/1. N2 - Early life stress (ELS) exerts long-lasting epigenetic influences on the brain and makes an individual susceptible to later depression. It is poorly understood whether ELS and subsequent adult chronic stress modulate epigenetic mechanisms. We examined the epigenetic mechanisms of the BDNF gene in the hippocampus, which may underlie stress vulnerability to postnatal maternal separation (MS) and adult restraint stress (RS). Rat pups were separated from their dams (3 h/day from P1-P21). When the pups reached adulthood (8 weeks old), we introduced RS (2 h/day for 3 weeks) followed by escitalopram ...

104 RECOOP for Common Mechanisms of Diseases Croat Med J. 2015;56:104-13 doi: 10.3325/cmj.2015.56.104 Sex-specific chronic stress response at the level of adrenal gland modified sexual hormone and leptin receptors Marta Balog1*, Milan Miljanović1*, Senka Blažetić2, Irena Labak2, Vedrana Ivić1, Barbara Viljetić1, Attila Borbely3, Zoltán Papp3, Robert Blažeković4, Sandor G. Vari5, Miklós Fagyas3, Marija Heffer1 J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia 1 Aim To compare cardiometabolic risk-related biochemical markers and sexual hormone and leptin receptors in the adrenal gland of rat males, non-ovariectomized females (NON-OVX), and ovariectomized females (OVX) under chronic stress. Methods Forty six 16-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into male, NON-OVX, and OVX group and exposed to chronic stress or kept as controls. Weight, glucose tolerance test (GTT), serum concentration of glucose, and cholesterol were measured. Adrenal glands were ...

For over 30 years, scientists have been investigating the phenomenon of pain suppression upon exposure to unconditioned or conditioned stressful stimuli, commonly known as stress-induced analgesia. These studies have revealed that individual sensitivity to stress-induced analgesia can vary greatly and that this sensitivity is coupled to many different phenotypes including the degree of opioid sensitivity and startle response. Furthermore, stress-induced analgesia is influenced by age, gender, and prior experience to stressful, painful, or other environmental stimuli. Stress-induced analgesia is mediated by activation of the descending inhibitory pain pathway. Pharmacological and neurochemical studies have demonstrated involvement of a large number of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. In particular, there are key roles for the endogenous opioid, monoamine, cannabinoid, ¿-aminobutyric acid and glutamate systems. The study of stress-induced analgesia has enhanced our understanding of the ...

Plant growth and productivity are largely affected by environmental stresses. Therefore, plants have evolved unique adaptation mechanisms to abiotic stresses through fine-tuned adjustment of gene expression and metabolism. Recent advanced technologies, such as genome-wide transcriptome analysis, have revealed that a vast amount of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) apart from the well-known housekeeping ncRNAs such as rRNAs, tRNAs, small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are expressed under abiotic stress conditions. These various types of ncRNAs are involved in chromatin regulation, modulation of RNA stability and translational repression during abiotic stress response. In this review, we summarize recent progress that has been made on ncRNA research in plant abiotic stress response.

IRE1 mediates the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) in part by regulating XBP1 mRNA splicing in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In cultured metazoan cells, IRE1 also exhibits XBP1-independent biochemical activities. IRE1 and XBP1 are developmentally essential genes in Drosophila and mammals, but the source of the physiological ER stress and the relative contributions of XBP1 activation versus other IRE1 functions to development remain unknown. Here, employed Drosophila to address this question. Specifically, we find that specific regions of the developing alimentary canal, fat body and the male reproductive organ are the sources of physiological stress that requires ire1 and xbp1 for resolution. In particular, the developmental lethality associated with xbp1 nulls was rescued by transgenic expression of xbp1 in the alimentary canal. IRE1s domains involved in detecting unfolded proteins, cleaving RNAs and activating XBP1 splicing were all essential for development. The earlier onset ...

Read Cow-Calf Corner: 2013 Beef Production And Consumption; Re-warming Methods For Cold-stressed Newborn Calves in addition to hundreds of recent farming and agriculture news articles. View up to date crop reports, livestock information and ag industry breaking news from farms.com.

It is the accepted view that, after exposure to stress, phosphorylation of eIF2α leads to a global downregulation of cap-dependent translation. This model builds on the classic observations that, in cells starved for amino acids, eIF2α phosphorylation and global downregulation of translation correlate, and on the fact that phosphorylation of eIF2α prevents eIF2 rejuvenation to the active GTP-bound form. However, it is technically challenging to determine to what extent this downregulation is due to eIF2α phosphorylation or to a lack of amino acids, which in itself is expected to prevent translation.. In contrast to the classic view, we have observed that global stress-induced translational depression after UV is not due to eIF2α phosphorylation. One explanation for our observations could be that the dose of UV seriously damages the ribosomes, or the tRNA, rRNA or mRNA required for translation (Casati and Walbot, 2004; Deng et al., 2002; Iordanov et al., 1998). Such ribotoxic stress and/or ...

In modern societies, the risk of developing metabolic disorders such as obesity or type-2 diabetes is associated with the prevalence of psychosocial stress. Therefore, an improved understanding of adaptive stress responses and their underlying molecular mechanisms is of high clinical interest. In response to an acute stressor, animals activate the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis releasing catecholamines and glucocorticoids (GCs) into the circulation. Recent data suggest that stress responses are also regulated by the endogenous circadian clock adapting physiology and behavior to the environmental changes brought about by the Earth s rotation around its axis. Thus, the timing of stress may critically affect adaptive responses to and the pathological effects of repetitive stressor exposure. We have studied the role of different tissue clocks on the regulation of HPA axis activity in mice. We further characterized the impact of predictable social defeat ...

By Andy Fell, UC Davis The genome of Solanum pennellii, a wild relative of the domestic tomato, has been published by an international group of researchers including the labs headed by Professors Neelima Sinha and Julin Maloof at the UC Davis Department of Plant Biology. The new genome information may help breeders produce tastier, more stress-tolerant tomatoes.. The work, published July 27 in the journal Nature Genetics, was lead by Björn Usadel and colleagues at Aachen University in Germany. The UC Davis labs carried out work on the transcriptome of S. pennellii - the RNA molecules that are transcribed from DNA and then translated into proteins - messages written from DNA and taken to other parts of the cell to tell it what to do. Analyzing the RNA transcriptome shows which genes are active under different circumstances. The UC Davis team published a paper last year comparing the RNA transcripts of domestic tomato and three wild relatives, including S. pennellii.. S. pennellii is inedible, ...

Dr. Emmanuelle Passegué (Columbia University, USA) started the meeting by discussing how hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) lose their ability to regenerate the blood system, and promote disease development with age. Many cell intrinsic drivers of HSC aging have been identified so far, but it remains unclear what promotes their deregulation and whether they could be reversed for rejuvenation interventions. Moreover, the contribution of the aging bone marrow (BM) niche microenvironment to blood aging and HSC dysfunction is still in large part unexplored. Dr. Passegué presented ongoing work from her laboratory addressing the contribution of replication stress and autophagy to HSC aging as well as the role of the inflamed BM niche microenvironment in driving blood aging. She also discussed the reversibility of these cell intrinsic or extrinsic deregulations as strategies for combating the effects of old age and HSC dysfunction.. Dr. Omer Yilmaz (MIT, USA) presented work on how fat-rich diets and ...

Hyperglycemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients with a variety of medical conditions [1-3]. However, while the association between glucose concentration in hospital and mortality is strong in patients without known diabetes, paradoxically glucose concentration is not as strongly associated with mortality in patients with diabetes [2-6]. This suggests that background glycemia influences the relationship between glucose and mortality in patients admitted to hospital.. An elevated blood glucose in a hospitalized patient can occur because a patient has poor chronic glycemic control or if there is an acute increase in glucose, often termed stress hyperglycemia [7]. Stress hyperglycemia is the relative increase in glucose in response to an intercurrent illness. Our group has recently proposed a novel metric for relative glycemia termed the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), whereby admission glucose concentration is corrected for background glycemia estimated ...

Abstract: The serotonergic system in the brain plays a major role in mood and anxiety regulation when exposed to stress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Sertraline administration in coping with stress using the behavioural paradigms of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) and its prepulse inhibition (PPI) in both sexes. Wistar rats were divided into two groups: intact animals and exposed to restraint stress (RS) 3 times per day during 7 days, which were then subdivided into three other groups: injected with Sertraline (5 mg/kg/day) or the drug vehicle saline for 8 consecutive days, and non-injected. ASR and PPI values were analyzed along 4 sessions to determine behavioral changes. Upon it, we also determine the effects of acute immobilization stress analyzing physiological stress indicators in blood. Our data show sex differences in response to stress paradigms. RS affected more intensely males than females, disturbing the males growth and the long-term startle ...

Here, we studied low pH stress responses in an acid resistant yeast, P. anomala and have demonstrated how whole genome sequencing and RNA-seq can be used to characterise low pH stress responses in a non-model yeast strain. Yeasts have become a more preferred microbial cell factory for different industrial applications. Currently, S. cerevisiae which has been very well-characterised is mostly used as the main workhorse for several biological processes. However, the industrial use of this strain is challenged by its limited ability to deal with different stress conditions imposed during industrial fermentations. One of these stresses is low pH or acid stress. Apart from improving the tolerance of S. cerevisiae to stress, an alternative approach will be to isolate and characterise novel yeast strains that have a natural resistance to stresses such as acid stress [28] in order to identify novel tolerance mechanisms in these strains.. One well-established mechanism by which cells deal with acid ...

Youve probably got a busy schedule, and now your doctor prescribed a non-stress test. Just add that to your list of things to do before the baby comes. Whats the Purpose of a Non-Stress Test? The main purpose of a non-stress test during pregnancy is to check on the health of your baby and your […]

Mary Wingo was born in the United States where she earned a Ph.D. in human stress research from The University of North Texas. In 2014, She emigrated to Ecuador, a tiny country in South America. Living in a new and very different society opened her eyes to the unsustainable social, economic, and political costs preventable stress causes in the modern world. Dr. Wingos aim is to clearly explain to the public the biological mechanisms behind the stress response, as well as its staggering costs to society.. Her specialty is physiology, and specifically, the human physiological stress response. One thing that seems to escape many analysts and political leaders is the staggering costs of stress in modern society within the psychological, social, political, and economic sectors. In her analysis, preventable human stress leads to (many, many) millions of unnecessary deaths every year.. Show Highlights:. -Stress response is a cascade of mechanisms that operate in concert together. The purpose is to ...

Chronic prebiotic FOS+GOS treatment exhibited both antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Moreover, the administration of GOS and the FOS+GOS combination reduced stress-induced corticosterone release. Prebiotics modified specific gene expression in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Regarding short-chain fatty acid concentrations, prebiotic administration increased cecal acetate and propionate and reduced isobutyrate concentrations, changes that correlated significantly with the positive effects seen on behavior. Moreover, FOS+GOS reduced chronic stress-induced elevations in corticosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels and depression-like and anxiety-like behavior in addition to normalizing the effects of stress on the microbiota ...

Many couples struggling with infertility hear the common but often frustrating advice to just relax during their fertility journey. While the physical and emotional challenges of infertility can make this advice seem trite or relaxation seem out of reach, it is necessary to acknowledge the hormonal implications of stress and how the chemical stress response can actually play an important role in hormonal imbalances. Women in particular, with delicately balanced hormones at play, can be even more susceptible to the impacts of stress and if you are a woman who is battling PCOS (poly cystic ovarian syndrome), stress responses are even more of a concern.. Dr. Fiona McCulloch BSc ND, shares her thoughts on the interaction between stress hormones and female sex hormones (especially in relation to a PCOS diagnosis) in an article for PCOS Diva:. As Im sure you already know, stress is bad for humans, period. That said, for women with PCOS, stress can seriously imbalance the delicate interplay between ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Eye region surface temperature dynamics during acute stress relate to baseline glucocorticoids independently of environmental conditions. AU - Jerem, Paul. AU - Jenni-Eiermann, Susanne. AU - McKeegan, Dorothy. AU - McCafferty, Dominic J.. AU - Nager, Ruedi G.. PY - 2019/10/15. Y1 - 2019/10/15. N2 - Reactions to acute stressors are critical for survival. Yet, the challenges of assessing underlying physiological processes in the field limit our understanding of how variation in the acute stress response relates to fitness in free-living animals. Glucocorticoid secretion during acute stress can be measured from blood plasma concentrations, but each blood sample can only provide information for one point in time. Also, the number of samples that can be extracted from an individual in the field is usually limited to avoid compromising welfare. This restricts capacity for repeated assessment, and therefore temporal resolution of findings within- and between-acute stress responses - ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Heat shock-induced activation of stress MAP kinase is regulated by threonine-and tyrosine-specific phosphatases. AU - Nguyen, Aaron Ngocky. AU - Shiozaki, Kazuhiro. PY - 1999/7/1. Y1 - 1999/7/1. N2 - In eukaryotic species from yeast to human, stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), members of a MAP kinase (MAPK) subfamily, regulate the transcriptional response to various environmental stress. It is poorly understood how diverse forms of stress are sensed and transmitted to SAPKs. Here, we report the heat shock regulation of the fission yeast Spc1 SAPK, a homolog of human p38 and budding yeast Hog1p. Although osmostress and oxidative stress induce strong activation of the Wis1 MAPK kinase (MEK), which activates Spc1 through Thr-171/Tyr-173 phosphorylation, activation of Wis1 upon heat shock is relatively weak and transient. However, in heat- shocked cells, Pyp1, the major tyrosine phosphatase that dephosphorylates and inactivates Spc1, is inhibited for its interaction with Spc1, ...

The soil-dwelling nematode C. elegans is a powerful system for comparative molecular analyses of environmental stress response mechanisms. Infection of worms with bacterial and fungal pathogens causes the activation of well-characterized innate immune transcriptional programs in pathogen-exposed hypodermal and intestinal tissues. However, the pathophysiological events that drive such transcriptional responses are not understood. Here, we show that infection-activated transcriptional responses are, in large part, recapitulated by either physiological or genetic activation of the osmotic stress response. Microarray profiling of wild type worms exposed to non-lethal hypertonicity identified a suite of genes that were also regulated by infection. Expression profiles of five different osmotic stress resistant (osr) mutants under isotonic conditions reiterated the wild type transcriptional response to osmotic stress and also showed substantial similarity to infection-induced gene expression under isotonic

This review looks at the evidence for postnatal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Postnatal traumatic stress responses are divided into: appraisal of birth as traumatic, traumatic stress responses (severe symptoms of intrusions and avoidance that do not fulfil criteria for PTSD), and PTSD. Evidence is examined for the prevalence of these types of responses after birth, and for prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal vulnerability and risk factors. Screening tools that could be used are outlined and possible intervention and treatment approaches considered. Various conceptual and methodological issues are also raised.. It is concluded that up to 10% of women have severe traumatic stress responses to birth although only 1-2% of women actually develop chronic postnatal PTSD. The limited research available suggests that a history of psychiatric problems, mode of delivery, and low support during labour put women at increased risk of postnatal PTSD, although there is unlikely to be a simple ...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons, a cell type that is intrinsically more vulnerable than other cell types to exogenous stress. The interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures to toxins has long been thought to be relevant to ALS. One cellular mechanism to overcome stress is the formation of small dense cytoplasmic domains called stress granules (SG) which contain translationally arrested mRNAs. TDP-43 (encoded by TARDBP) is an ALS-causative gene that we have previously implicated in the regulation of the core stress granule proteins G3BP and TIA-1. TIA-1 and G3BP localize to SG under nearly all stress conditions and are considered essential to SG formation. Here, we report that TDP-43 is required for proper SG dynamics, especially SG assembly as marked by the secondary aggregation of TIA-1. We also show that SG assembly, but not initiation, requires G3BP. Furthermore,

This book discusses ecophysiology and adaptive mechanisms of plants under climate change. It provides information on plant responses to various environmental stresses such as salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, atmospheric pollution, and metal toxicity due to climate change.

Looking for online definition of Abiotic Stress in the Medical Dictionary? Abiotic Stress explanation free. What is Abiotic Stress? Meaning of Abiotic Stress medical term. What does Abiotic Stress mean?

TY - JOUR. T1 - Catecholamine-glucocorticoid interactions during surgical stress. AU - Udelsman, Robert. AU - Goldstein, David S.. AU - Loriaux, D. Lynn. AU - Chrousos, George P.. PY - 1987/12. Y1 - 1987/12. N2 - The stress response involves activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. To study the relative contributions of glucocorticoids, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine to homeostasis, we examined the effects of cortisol and epinephrine deficiency on the norepinephrine and dopamine responses to surgical stress in nonhuman primates. Adult male cynomolgus monkeys (n = 7-8/group)underwent bilateral or sham adrenalectomy and were maintained for 4 months on physiologic glucocorticoid (hydrocortisone phosphate, 32 mg/M2/day) and mineralocorticoid (DOCA pivalate, 1 mg/day) replacement, or placebo injections, respestively. The adrenalectomized monkeys were then stratified into three groups receiving subphysiologic (× 1 10), physiologic (×1), or ...

Finden Sie alle Bücher von Upadhyaya, Chandrama Prakash - Genetic transformation of Blackgram for abiotic stress tolerance. Bei der Büchersuchmaschine eurobuch.com können Sie antiquarische und Neubücher VERGLEICHEN UND SOFORT zum Bestpreis bestellen. 3846511846

Resilience or the ability of our body to cope with daily-life challenges has been proposed as a new definition of health, with restoration of homeostasis as target resultant of various physiological stress responses. Challenge models may thus be a sensitive measure to study the bodys health. The objective of this study was to select a dietary challenge model for the assessment of inflammatory resilience. Meals are a challenge to metabolic homeostasis and are suggested to affect inflammatory pathways, yet data in literature are limited and inconsistent. The kinetic responses of three different dietary challenges and a water control challenge were assessed on various metabolic and inflammatory markers in 14 healthy males and females using a full cross-over study design. The dietary challenges included glucose (75 g glucose in 300 ml water), lipids (200 ml whipping cream) and a mix of glucose and lipids (same amounts as above), respectively. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6,

Stress (emotional, physical, social) facilitates drug seeking behavior through the activation of the HPA axis, autonomic nervous system, and brain DA systems. Furthermore, alterations within several neuropeptide systems (CRF, Substance P, and others) also contribute to the role of stress in addiction. Central to this project is that anxiety and stress responses are modulated by substance P and its preferred target, the NK1 receptor. Therefore the aim of this pilot clinical trial is to determine the safety and efficacy of aprepitant (a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist). We hypothesize that the NK1 receptor antagonist, aprepitant, will be safe, tolerable and efficacious at reducing the withdrawal symptoms, cue craving, and reinforcement value for both cannabis and tobacco resulting from the cessation of either or both drugs. We will assess this hypothesis in the context of a carefully controlled human laboratory study in which subjects (N=72) will be randomized in a 3 x 2 factorial design to ...

By using {\em E. coli} cells in which the unique origin of replication has been moved to a ectopic chromosome location distant from the native one, we probe how perturbation of gene order near the origin of replication impacts genome stability and survival under genomic attack. We find that when challenged with sub-inhibitory doses of ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic that generates replication fork stalling, cells with the ectopic origin show significant fitness loss. We show that genes functionally relevant to the cipro-induced stress response are largely located near the native origin, even in distantly related species. We show that while cipro induces increased copy number of genes proximal to the origin of replication as a direct consequence of replication fork stalling, gene copy number variation was reduced near the ectopic origin. Altered gene dosage in cells with an ectopic origin resulted in impaired replication fork repair and chromosome instability. We propose that gene distribution in ...

Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP2K4 gene. This gene encodes a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. This kinase is a direct activator of MAP kinases in response to various environmental stresses or mitogenic stimuli. It has been shown to activate MAPK8/JNK1, MAPK9/JNK2, and MAPK14/p38, but not MAPK1/ERK2 or MAPK3/ERK1. This kinase is phosphorylated, and thus activated by MAP3K1/MEKK. The knockout studies in mice suggested the roles of this kinase in mediating survival signal in T cell development, as well as in the organogenesis of liver. MAP2K4 has been shown to interact with FLNC, MAPK8, MAPK8IP3 and AKT1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000065559 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000033352 - Ensembl, May 2017 Human PubMed Reference:. Mouse PubMed Reference:. Lin A, Minden A, Martinetto H, Claret FX, Lange-Carter C, Mercurio F, Johnson GL, Karin ...

POST-DOCTORAL POSITION IN BIOCHEMISTRY / MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Applications are invited for a two-year post-doctoral position available immediately at the Department of Plant Physiology, University of Umeå, Sweden. The successful applicant will join an active research group studying a new family of molecular chaperones and proteases in plants and cyanobacteria. Of particular interest to the group is the role of these proteins in regulating chloroplast protein structure and function, and their importance for tolerance to different environmental stress conditions (for more information, see groups homepage referred to at: www.plantphys.umu.se/research.shtml). Applicants must have a PhD in biochemistry, molecular biology or related field. Experience with protein purification and enzymology would be an advantage. Applications with Curriculum vitae should be sent before March 13 to: Adrian Clarke, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Umeå, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden. Fax: +46 90 786 6676. e-mail: ...

Because of the autonomic nature of our bodys response, sometimes people can be unaware that they are experiencing a stress response. After all, we release stress hormones when there is a lack of sleep or when we are pressed for time. Being overworked, annoyed, or constantly exposed to excessive noise can even trigger a stress response. Unfortunately, these stress hormones make us more resistant to insulin, and therein lies the rub for people with diabetes.. When stress hormones are involved, most people with diabetes need more insulin to get the sugar into the cells. In addition, more sugar is released from the liver into the blood during stress because our brain needs more fuel to function. Its pretty clear how those two processes combined can make managing glucose levels hard for people with diabetes. Thank goodness for good tech! If you enter stress-related glucose values in the mySugr app, and note any stressful events when they occur, it can help you understand your bodys unique reaction ...

Stress is generally defined as a strain upon a bodily organ or mental power. Depending on its duration and intensity, stress can have short- or long-lasting effects: it has been linked to heart disease, immune deficiency, memory loss, behavioral disorders, and much more. These effects on the individual also have a major impact on health care costs and services, employee productivity, and even violent crime.The Encyclopedia of Stress is the first comprehensive reference source on stressors, the biological mechanisms involved in the stress response, the effects of activating the stress response mechanisms, and the disorders that may arise as a consequence of acute or chronic stress. While other books focus on specific aspects of stress, this three-volume set covers the entire spectrum of topics, with nearly 400 articles in all. In addition to the subjects traditionally associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (whereby the brain sends a message to the body to react), the Encyclopedia ...

An evaluation of the impact of a large group psycho-education programme (Stress Control) on patient outcome: does empathy make a difference? - Volume 3 Issue 1 - Anne Joice, Stewart W. Mercer

Building on previous work which showed that the small molecule ISRIB potently blocks the integrated stress response (Sidrauski et al., 2013), we report on ISRIBs remarkable specificity and fast action in vivo, underscoring its proposed direct effect on translation.

INTRODUCTION: Parents of a young child with severe disabilities are facing a large range of new challenges; furthermore, most of these families have extended social needs regarding information, financial support, day care facilities, disability aids, etc. Many parents with disabled children have been found to be dissatisfied with social services. This study explores parents experiences with Danish social services during their transition to a new daily life after the birth of a severely disabled child ...

Disturbing experiences dont actually heighten our perceptions. In fact, according to new Weizmann research, in adverse conditions were more likely to experience slightly different sights or sounds as being the same. The scientists think that this lumping together of similar sensory stimuli may be behind post-traumatic stress syndrome. The experiments showed that volunteers learning to…. ...

Ovarian tumors disable the immune systems killer T cells-which protect the body by destroying infected or malignant cells-enabling the disease to flourish unchecked, according to a new study by Weill Cornell Medicine scientists. The findings show that adverse conditions within ovarian tumors cause detrimental stress responses in T cells, a process that paralyzes them.. The study, published Oct. 10 in Nature, shows that ovarian cancer inhibits the T cells activity by disturbing the equilibrium of their endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the cellular component that is responsible for assembling proteins. This renders the T cells unable to seek and destroy tumor cells and may explain why ovarian cancers dont respond well to current immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade, which acts to release some of the common brakes that impede T cell function in cancer. However, experiments using T cells collected from human ovarian tumors, as well as in mice with ovarian cancer, showed that turning off this ...

What is Cortisol?. Cortisol is a steroid and a stress hormone. Production of cortisol is stimulated when stress is triggered. Cortisol plays an important role in the different metabolic processes in the body. Through its increased distribution in stress situations, it is able to provide energy by consuming sugar, fat and protein reserves. By immune processes cortisol also helps with its anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect, and has an important function in maintaining the health of the body.. Excessively low cortisol levels. It is well known that chronic stress is unhealthy - and stress is in turn the most important impulse that causes the increase of the distribution of cortisol. If the cortisol levels are too high, symptoms can include immunodeficiencies, depression, physical exhaustion, metabolic disorders, diabetes, obesity and sleeping disorders. Excessively high cortisol levels can indeed cause unpleasant symptoms.. Just the same, excessively low cortisol levels can interfere with ...

In a recent article entitled The increased risk of predation enhances cooperationpublished in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Volume 277, Pages 513 - 518 and available here, Indrikis Krams and colleagues experimentally demonstrate an interaction between predation risk and cooperation in breeding songbirds. It is worth reading in the light of current discussions about the co-evolution of warfare and cooperation (for example: Bowles, 2008).. Abstract: Theory predicts that animals in adverse conditions can decrease individual risks and increase long-term benefits by cooperating with neighbours. However, some empirical studies suggest that animals often focus on short-term benefits, which can reduce the likelihood that they will cooperate with others. In this experimental study, we tested between these two alternatives by evaluating whether increased predation risk (as a correlate of environmental adversity) enhances or diminishes the occurrence of cooperation in mobbing, a common ...

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Macroautophagy (autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved recycling and stress response mechanism. Active at basal levels in eukaryotes, autophagy is upregulated under stress providing cells with building blocks such as amino acids. A lysosome-integrated sensor system composed of RRAG GTPases and MTOR complex 1 (MTORC1) regulates lysosome biogenesis and autophagy in response to amino acid availability. Stress-mediated inhibition of MTORC1 results in the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the TFE/MITF family of transcriptional factors, and triggers an autophagy- and lysosomal-related gene transcription program. The role of family members TFEB and TFE3 have been studied in detail, but the importance of MITF proteins in autophagy regulation is not clear so far. Here we introduce for the first time a specific role for MITF in autophagy control that involves upregulation of MIR211. We show that, under stress conditions including starvation and MTOR inhibition, a MITF-MIR211 axis ...

Mature Root System.--Plants were grown near Lincoln on rich silt loam soil underlaid with a moist but hard clayey subsoil. The tops at harvest time were 5.5 feet tall and the maximum root penetration was 5 feet. Relatively few roots extended so deeply and the working depth was about 4 feet. Similar depths of penetration were found for Rosen rye growing in an adjacent field, although the tops were 6.5 feet tall. In both cases, the roots were exceedingly well branched to the working depth. In fact, branching is usually better developed in rye than in wheat or oats when growing in the same kind of soil and under the same conditions of moisture. This is one reason why rye is adapted to drier climates than wheat and will thrive on poorer and sandier soils than any of the other cereals. It sometimes produces a fair crop under adverse conditions where other small grains would fail completely. In this connection, the work of Nobbe (1869) is interesting. 147 He compared, measured, and counted the roots ...

Mature Root System.--Plants were grown near Lincoln on rich silt loam soil underlaid with a moist but hard clayey subsoil. The tops at harvest time were 5.5 feet tall and the maximum root penetration was 5 feet. Relatively few roots extended so deeply and the working depth was about 4 feet. Similar depths of penetration were found for Rosen rye growing in an adjacent field, although the tops were 6.5 feet tall. In both cases, the roots were exceedingly well branched to the working depth. In fact, branching is usually better developed in rye than in wheat or oats when growing in the same kind of soil and under the same conditions of moisture. This is one reason why rye is adapted to drier climates than wheat and will thrive on poorer and sandier soils than any of the other cereals. It sometimes produces a fair crop under adverse conditions where other small grains would fail completely. In this connection, the work of Nobbe (1869) is interesting. 147 He compared, measured, and counted the roots ...

The evaluation of an emotional state is not an easy task. Whereas in humans, emotions are felt consciously, and can be verbalized, there is no way to check if animals can feel emotions. But an emotional state is more than a feeling. It is characterised by behavioural, physiologic, neurologic and genetic changes. Therefore, it is possible to run tests to infer if the response to a certain stimulus is associated with an emotional state. Previous studies have suggested that some animals, namely primates and other mammals, show emotional states, without knowing if this process is conscious or not. Now, the team led by Rui Oliveira, researcher at ISPA, IGC and Champalimaud investigated if fish, simpler animals that are more distant from humans in the evolution scale, respond emotionally to stimuli of their environment. Tests were held in sea bream after the fish were trained under favourable or adverse conditions that could trigger an emotional state. Contrarily to what is expected in a ...