Dental caries is an infectious disease which results from the acidic demineralisation of the tooth enamel and dentine as a consequence of the dental plaque (a microbial biofilm) accumulation. Research showed that several foods contain some components with antibacterial and antiplaque activity. Previous studies indicated antimicrobial and antiplaque activities in a low-molecular-mass (LMM) fraction of extracts from either an edible mushroom (Lentinus edodes) or from Italian red chicory (Cichorium intybus). We have evaluated the antimicrobial mode of action of these fractions on Streptococcus mutans, the etiological agent of human dental caries. The effects on shape, macromolecular syntheses and cell proteome were analysed. The best antimicrobial activity has been displayed by the LMM mushroom extract with a bacteriostatic effect. At the MIC of both extracts DNA synthesis was the main macromolecular synthesis inhibited, RNA synthesis was less inhibited than that of DNA and protein synthesis was inhibited

Introduction: Increased resistance of oral pathogens to conventional antimicrobial agents has led to the use of alternative methods to overcome microbial resistance. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on Streptococcus mutans. Materials & Methods: In this in vitro study, a diode laser emitting a wavelength of 810nm was used in association with EmunDo as a photosensitizing agent. Suspensions of Streptococcus mutans were prepared and divided into six groups by treatment: 1) EmunDo, 2) diode laser irradiation (100mW, 90 seconds), 3) diode laser irradiation (300mW, 30 seconds); 4) EmunDo+diode laser irradiation (100mW, 90seconds), 5) EmunDo+diode laser irradiation (300mW, 30 seconds), 6) control (no treatment). Immediately and 24 hours after photodynamic therapy, the bacterial suspensions were cultured. After incubation at 37°C, viable microorganisms of Streptococcus mutans were counted and the results were reported in ...

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been successfully used to image biofilms because of its high resolution and magnification. However, conventional SEM requires dehydration and metal coating of biological samples before observation, and because biofilms consist mainly of water, sample dehydration may influence the biofilm structure. When coated with an ionic liquid, which is a kind of salt that exists in the liquid state at room temperature, biological samples for SEM observation do not require dehydration or metal coating because ionic liquids do not evaporate under vacuum conditions and are electrically conductive. This study investigates the ability of ionic liquids to allow SEM observation of Streptococcus mutans biofilms compared with conventional coating methods. Two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic ionic liquids, all of which are electronic conductors, are used. Compared with samples prepared by the conventional method, the ionic-liquid-treated samples do not exhibit a fibrous extracellular

In this study, we determined the nature of the two antimicrobial substances produced by S. mutans strain UA140; one is identical to mutacin I produced by strain CH43, and the other is a two-peptide nonlantibiotic bacteriocin, which we named mutacin IV. The two peptides of mutacin IV, NlmA and NlmB, are encoded by two genes in a single operon located on contig 450 in the S. mutansgenome database. nlmA encodes a prepeptide of 67 aa, consisting of a 23-aa leader peptide with a double-glycine cleavage site and a 44-aa mature peptide. nlmB encodes a prepeptide of 71 aa consisting of a 22-aa leader peptide, also with a double-glycine processing signal, and a 49-aa mature peptide. The fact that the calculated molecular mass of the mature NlmA and NlmB peptides matches the measured molecular mass of the purified mutacin IV peptides suggests that neither peptide is posttranslationally modified.. The production of lantibiotic mutacin I and nonlantibiotic mutacin IV in UA140 appeared to be regulated by ...

The Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase (GTF) genes gtfB and gtfC were ligated into Escherichia coli-streptococcus shuttle plasmids and introduced into Streptococcus milleri. gtfB transformant KSB8 formed an S. mutans-like rough colony on mitis salivarius agar and expressed an extracellular GTF-I, of 158 kDa, and two cell-bound GTF-Is, of 158 and 135 kDa. gtfC transformant KSC43 formed a semirough colony on mitis salivarius agar and expressed primarily an extracellular GTF-SI, of 146 kDa, and two cell-bound GTF-SIs, of 146 and 152 kDa. The extracellular GTFs from KSB8 and KSC43 were purified and characterized. The two types of GTF also reacted specifically with monoclonal antibodies directed against each enzyme. Both enzymes synthesized significant amounts of oligosaccharides, consisting primarily of alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages, as well as water-insoluble glucans, containing alpha-1,3-glucosidic linkages. Insoluble-glucan-synthesizing activities of both enzymes were stimulated (three- to ...

S. mutans UA159 and its derivative mutant strain luxS- [54] were incubated in Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI, Difco Labs, Detroit, USA) at 37°C in 95% air/5% CO2 (v/v), with the addition of erythromycin (10 μg/ml) in the case of the luxS- strain. Cultures of S. mutans were diluted 1:50, inoculated into fresh BHI media and grown in polystyrene tubes for 24 h (37°C, 95% air/5% CO2 (v/v)) for planktonic culture generation. The biofilm of luxS- was grown in BHI with addition of erythromycin (10 μg/ml) in 20-mm diameter, 15-mm deep sterile polystyrene multidishes (NUNCLON-143982, Roskilde, Denmark), as described previously [14].. As biofilm thickness plays a crucial role in mature biofilm development, we generated biofilms of wild-type bacteria under controlled nutrition flow and controlled biofilm depth conditions, by using the constant depth film fermentor (CDFF) [55]. The rotating turntable in the CDFF contained 15 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) pans, rotated under PTFE scraper bars that ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Genetic characterization of a Streptococcus mutans LraI family operon and role in virulence. AU - Kitten, Todd. AU - Munro, Cindy L.. AU - Michalek, Suzanne M.. AU - Macrina, Francis L.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2000. Y1 - 2000. N2 - Proteins belonging to the LraI (for lipoprotein receptor antigen) family function as adhesins in several streptococci, as a virulence factor for endocarditis in at least one of these species, and potentially as metal transporters in many bacteria. We have identified and characterized the chromosomal locus containing the LraI family gene (designated sloC) from Streptococcus mutans, an agent of dental caries and endocarditis in humans. Northern blot analysis indicated that sloC is cotranscribed with three other genes. As with other LraI operons, the sloA and slob genes apparently encode components of an ATP-binding cassette transport system. The product of the fourth gene, sloR, has homology to the ...

The development of a biofilm is part of the life cycle for many bacteria. The biofilm that forms on the surface of the tooth is commonly known as dental plaque and there are roughly 700 bacterial species detected amongst oral flora. The primary etiological agent for dental caries is the bacterium, Streptococcus mutans. In the presence of simple dietary sugars, this bacterium metabolizes sucrose into lactic acid, which results in the demineralization of the tooth surface. Extended exposure of lactic acid leads to dental caries.; In the oral cavity, there is a subpopulation of lysed bacteria where the DNA is released for uptake by the remaining cell populations. This flux of exogenous DNA is believed to be important for horizontal gene transfer in naturally competent bacteria such as S. mutans. Competence is defined as a physiological state where the bacterium is able to bind, transport and incorporate free DNA into its genome. Based on the Streptococcus pneumoniae competence model, there are at ...

The development of a biofilm is part of the life cycle for many bacteria. The biofilm that forms on the surface of the tooth is commonly known as dental plaque and there are roughly 700 bacterial species detected amongst oral flora. The primary etiological agent for dental caries is the bacterium, Streptococcus mutans. In the presence of simple dietary sugars, this bacterium metabolizes sucrose into lactic acid, which results in the demineralization of the tooth surface. Extended exposure of lactic acid leads to dental caries.; In the oral cavity, there is a subpopulation of lysed bacteria where the DNA is released for uptake by the remaining cell populations. This flux of exogenous DNA is believed to be important for horizontal gene transfer in naturally competent bacteria such as S. mutans. Competence is defined as a physiological state where the bacterium is able to bind, transport and incorporate free DNA into its genome. Based on the Streptococcus pneumoniae competence model, there are at ...

The effect of a slow-releasing dosage (SRD) coating of chlorhexidine on the salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and on plaque index scores in patients with removable partial dentures (RPD) was tested. The SRD proved to be effective in maintaining a low level of S. mutans counts after mechanical cleaning, as compared to a baseline established during the control period. Plaque index scores were lower following the treatment and correlated with the microbiological results. Our findings indicate that a single application of sustained-release chlorhexidine to removable partial dentures effectively maintains S. mutans levels as well as reducing the plaque score for a minimum period of 1 week.

|i|Objective|/i|. To reduce secondary caries, glass ionomer luting cements are often used for cementing of indirect restorations. This is because of their well-known antimicrobial potential through the release of fluoride ions. The aim of this |i|in vitro|/i| study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of five dental luting cements which were based on glass ionomer cement technology. |i|Methods|/i|. Five different glass ionomer based luting cements were tested for their antimicrobial effects on |i|Streptococcus mutans|/i| in two different experimental setups: (i) determination of colony-forming units (CFUs) in a plate-counting assay; (ii) live/dead staining (LDS) and fluorescence microscopy. All experiments were conducted with or without prior treatment of the materials using sterilized human saliva. Antimicrobial effects were evaluated for adherent and planktonic bacteria. Bovine enamel slabs (BES) were used as negative control. BES covered with 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) served as positive

The runner-up individual prize went to a where to meet european singles student from cork for his new method for identifying super massive stars. This box set contains one multi-part plastic space marine commander, including: nine different weapon options, three variant heads and additional parts to further customise your model. According to khrushchev, the soviet unions motives were aimed at allowing cuba to live peacefully and develop as its people desire. While handling purists will probably want to stick with the base suspension, all z4 models are electronically influenced with the z4s addition of driving dynamics control. Effect of specific antisera where to meet catholic singles in la on adherence properties of the oral bacterium streptococcus mutans. The lite version is great for beginners and includes all the where to meet interracial singles in las vegas painting features of the full version. It is a part of microsoft sharepoint family of where to meet iranian singles in la ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of titanium surfaces air-abraded with particles of Bioglass® 45S5 and three-ZnO and SrO doped compositions on the viability, adhesion and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. A statistically significant decrease in the viability of S. mutans was observed for all titanium discs air-particle abraded with the BAGs (p < 0.001). Also, a significant effect on diminishing biofilm formation on the titanium discs was seen for all BAGs (p < 0.01). No differences were noticed in S. mutans adhesion on titanium surfaces treated with different glasses (p = 0.964). Static SBF immersion experiments showed that after 2 and 48 h the BAG doped with 4 mol% ZnO demonstrated the highest Zn2+ ion concentration released into SBF (0.2 mg L−1). 45S5 BAG demonstrated the highest statistically significant increase in the pH throughout the 120 min of static immersion (p < 0.001). In conclusion, we showed that titanium alloy discs abraded with particles of the ...

Dental researchers in the US have discovered that cranberries hold important clues for preventing cavities. A team led by oral biologist Hyun Koo, at the University of Rochester Medical Center has discovered that the same traits that make cranberry juice a powerful weapon against bladder infections also hold promise for protecting teeth against cavities. Koo found that cranberry juice makes it difficult for the bacteria Streptococcus mutans to cling to tooth surfaces. Scientists believe that one of the main ways that cranberries prevent urinary tract infections is by inhibiting the adherence of pathogens on the surface of the bladder. Perhaps the same is true in the mouth, where bacteria use adhesion molecules to hold onto teeth, Koo said. Koos team also found evidence that cranberry juice disrupts the formation of glucan, the building block of plaque. Streptococcus mutans uses enzymes known as glucosyltransferases to build dental plaque piece by piece. Koos team found that cranberry juice ...

Streptococcus mutans is the primary etiological agent of human dental caries. It can metabolize a wide variety of carbohydrates and produce large amounts of organic acids that cause enamel demineralization. Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) plays an important role in carbohydrates uptake of S. mutans. The ptxA and ptxB genes in S. mutans encode putative enzyme IIA and enzyme IIB of the L-ascorbate-specific PTS. The aim of this study was to analyze the function of these proteins and understand the transcriptional regulatory mechanism. ptxA −, ptxB −, as well as ptxA − , ptxB − double-deletion mutants all had more extended lag phase and lower growth yield than wild-type strain UA159 when grown in the medium using L-ascorbate as the sole carbon source. Acid production and acid

Fixed orthodontic appliances might be associated with intraoral adverse effects on enamel, due to plaque accumulation and their colonization by oral microbes. At the same time, the demand for esthetic alternatives to orthodontic treatment, like thermoplastic aligners, is growing. However, thermoplastic aligners may behave differently intraorally than fixed appliances in terms of bacterial colonization and biofilm formation. Therefore, the aim of this prospective cohort study was to assess the salivary prevalence of the cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Streptococcus sanguinis among adolescents treated orthodontically with thermoplastic aligners or fixed appliances. Thirty adolescent patients (17 girls/13 boys; mean age 13.8 years old) were assigned to treatment with either (i) self-ligating fixed appliances with nickel-titanium archwires or (ii) aligners constructed from clear transparent polyethylenterephthalat-glycol copolyester (PET-G) thermoplastic sheets.

Subacute bacterial endocarditis is an infectious disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Viridans streptococci, such as S. sanguis, S. mutans,S. gordonii, and S. oralis, are the major causative agents, accounting for 45 to 80% of cases (37). These streptococci can enter the blood through breaks in the oral microcirculation induced by trauma, including dental manipulations, oral hygiene procedures, mastication, and infections (24). These bacteremias may infect heart valves with underlying pathogenic changes, such as nonbacterial thrombotic vegetations (27). The adherent bacteria may also be embedded and protected in newly formed thrombi or platelet vegetations on the damaged heart valves. Consequently, initial adhesion and induction of thrombosis are considered to be important virulence traits of streptococci. Cumulative evidence has shown that binding to Fn, one of the major constituents of vegetations, is important in the development of infective endocarditis caused by ...

Nonnenmann, Jamie D., The Effect of Dextranase on Dextran Production by Streptococcus Mutans 6715 S-19 Glucosyltransferase (1978). Masters Theses. 2954 ...

THE EFFECT OF CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ETHANOL EXTRACT ON THE VIABILITY OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS (DENTAL BIOFILM RESEARCH: IN VITRO STUDY)

Smith, D.J.; Taubman, M.A.; Ebersole, J.L., 1979: Preparation of glucosyl transferase ec 2.4.1.5 from streptococcus mutans by evolution from water insoluble poly saccharide with a dissociating solvent

Our laboratory has been extensively involved in establishing the role S. mutans fimbriae play in adherence to and colonization of the tooth surface by this bacterium and testing if antibodies against S. mutans fimbria components reduce the adherence of S. mutans to the tooth surface, thereby inhibiting the development of primary dental caries (6,23, 24). Caries-free (CF) adult individuals have higher levels of salivary IgA antibodies to fimbria-enriched preparation ofS. mutans than do caries-active (CA) individuals (7). These results suggest that CF subjects may be protected immunologically from dental caries in part by salivary IgA antibody against S. mutans fimbrial antigens. Perrone et al. (23) demonstrated, with immunoblot analyses and ELISA techniques with antibody to fimbria-enriched preparations, GTF, and P1 antigen, that the levels of fimbria components, GTF, and P1 antigen were higher in fimbria-enriched preparations fromS. mutans isolates from CA subjects than in preparations from CF ...

Tooth decay, a costly and painful disease affecting the vast majority of people worldwide, is caused by the bacterium Streptococcus mutans. The bacteria utilize dietary sugars to build and strengthen biofilms, trapping acids onto the tooths surface and causing demineralization and decay of teeth. As knowledge of our bodys microbiomes increases, the need for... ...

Unlike sucrose, xylitol has a minimal effect on plaque pH. [4] When plaque is exposed to xylitol, concentrations of ammonia and basic amino acids increase, neutralizing plaque acids. [5] Xylitol is absorbed and accumulated in Mutans streptococcus. It competes with sucrose for cell wall transporters and metabolic processes. The cell expends energy breaking down xylitol with no energy yield and energy-producing intermediates are consumed but not reproduced. This inhibits the growth of Mutans streptococcus. When xylitol is consumed habitually long-term less virulent strains of Mutans streptococcus are selected for. [4] Xylitol also may affect the adhesive and cohesive properties of plaque which decreases the overall quantity of Mutans streptococcus in dental plaque. Some strains of Mutans streptococcus take up xylitol and convert it to xylitol-5-phosphate which results in the development of intra-cellular vacuoles and degraded cell members. This has a bacteriostatic effect on plaque bacteria. [5] A ...

Two-component signal transduction systems that respond to the presence of inducer peptide pheromones are known to regulate a variety of processes: bacteriocin production, competence for transformation, biofilm formation, and virulence (30). The results presented here and those from previous studies (14, 15) show that S. mutans uses one and the same TCSTS to control at least three of these at first sight unrelated processes. Mutants in comA, comC, and comDE are competence deficient (14), form biofilms that are different from those formed by wild-type strains (15), and do not produce bacteriocins (this study; 32, 36).. Unlike competence, which exhibits an optimum during a short interval of the exponential phase (data not shown) (19, 23), expression of nlmAB′-lacZ was lowest in this period but reached a maximum in the stationary phase. Since both activities are controlled by the same regulatory system, the question arises as to how this differential regulation is established. The key to the ...

Oral bacteria. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of mixed oral bacteria (Streptococcus, round) with some bacilli bacteria (rod-shaped). - Masterfile - Premium Royalty-Free, Code: 679-08425093

We originally identified AtlA as a predicted surface protein that was required for maturation of biofilms (10). Disruption of atlA also resulted in resistance to autolysis and excessive chaining of cells (10, 69), and Shibata et al. (66) determined that the protein had peptidoglycan hydrolase activity in zymograms. Our present study reveals that AtlA is also required for biogenesis of a normal cell surface and full expression of genetic competence by S. mutans. Thus, AtlA appears to play a central role connecting cell wall remodeling, biofilm formation, genetic competence, and autolysis. These networks have often been shown to overlap with the stress regulon, but the AtlA protein does not appear to be required for acid tolerance, since no obvious differences were observed in the growth rate of the atlA mutant in acidified BHI broth (pH 6.4 or 5.4) (data not shown). However, it is possible that AtlA may be involved in other stress responses, because autolysin-mediated cell wall turnover is known ...

Characterization of the Streptococcus Mutans Gene for Aspartate B-semialdehyde Dehydrogenase : Identification of Sequences Involved in Gene Expression and Their Use in Vector Construction, 1986) (Ph.D Thesis, University of Alabama at Birmingham ...

The removal of tenacious dental plaque is of paramount importance; however, early diagnosis can be a challenging task in dental clinics due to the limitations of current approaches, specifically X-ray-based techniques. We have approached this problem by integrating antibacterial properties and X-ray contrast enhancement in a single probe specific to colonies of Streptococcus

My question (which you avoided) was that you appear to be promoting a (potential) vaccine that will eliminate (potentially) the need to brush, floss and regulate diet. FYI, I floss, brush and regulate my diet. I have a large number of silver fillings from the olden days before sealants. One filling disintegrated and took the side of the tooth with it, and Im now the proud owner of a crown, which is a poor color match and doesnt line up with the upper tooth that well either. My dentist of course would like to put in more of those thousand dollar babies. I would like the fillings removed and replaced with something else that isnt slowly leeching heavy metal poisoning into my system. The reason that hasnt started of course is the likelihood that the removal of the fillings will break the teeth apart (whether by accident or not) and Ill end up with crowns anyway, or something worse than ugly metal fillings. Thanks for your response and Ill hope to chat about teeth with you more in the ...

Dr. Banass broad research interest is the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of bacteria. Much of his work has focused on the microbiology of dental caries. His lab has extensively studied how the glucan-binding proteins (GBPs) synthesized by Streptococcus mutans contribute to the development of the plaque biofilm and ultimately dental caries. Since glucan -- a polymer of glucose derived from the metabolism of sucrose -- is a primary virulence factor that propels the change in microbial ecology that leads to a cariogenic plaque, it has been proposed that proteins that have the property of binding glucan play accessory roles in this process. It is now clear that the GBPs share in structurally supporting the biofilm, each doing so in a unique manner. These studies also revealed that the relative coverage of bacteria at the substratum surface of the biofilm was correlated with the risk of caries development. Dr. Banass lab is also collaborating with College of Dentistry colleagues to ...

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PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.

AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURIFICATION OF PROTEINS USING IMMOBILIZED CELLS. Bo Mattiasson and Matts Ramstorp. Enzyme Engineering, Plenum Publ. Corp. (H. H. Weetall and G. P. Royer, eds), vol 5 (1980), 401 - 403. AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY USING IMMOBILIZED BACTERIAL CELLS WITH RECEPTORS FOR HUMAN SERUM PROTEINS Bo Mattiasson, Matts Ramstorp, Kristina Widebäck and Göran Kronvall. Journal of Applied Biochemistry, 2 (1980), 321 - 335. AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURIFICATION OF LENTIL LECTIN USING IMMOBILIZED YEAST CELLS Matts Ramstorp and Bo Mattiasson. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,7 (1980) 67 - 70. ISOLATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION FO A SUBSTANCE FROM CARROTS, DAUCUS CAROTA, WITH ABILITY TO AGGLUTINATE CELLS OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS Matts Ramstorp, Peter Carlsson, Douglas Bratthall and Bo Mattiasson. Caries Research, 16 (1980) 423 - 427. PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A SUBSTANCE FROM CARROTS, DAUCUS CAROTA, WITH ABILITY TO AGGLUTINATE CELLS OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS. Peter Carlsson, ...

by Juliet MD , Jan 20, 2016 , Gynecology, Life Tools, Videos. Its something that most people dont even consider: how much your pregnancy can affect your teeth. And, how much your dental health impacts your entire life. Unfortunately, this is a topic that few obstetricians remember to address with their patients. Yet, dental ...

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Streptococcus is a diverse genus in the Firmicutes phylum and the Bacterial Kingdom. The bacteria under the streptococcus are spherical in shape, or cocci, and Gram-positive. They usually are found to grow in pairs or chains and are oxidase- and catalase-negative. Many species of streptococcus bacteria are facultative anaerobes, meaning that they usually make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via aerobic respiration in the presence of exygen, but are capable of producing ATP via fermentation if there is no oxygen present. While some species of streptococcus are normally found in the human flora, many species are capable of bringing about various diseases and can be potent. Such diseases range from strep throat (S. pharyngitis) to pneumonia (S. pneumoniae) to even necrotizing human flesh (S. pyogenes). Unfortunately, many of these species has been able to reproduce as antibiotic-resistant strains, which lead to the cause of some epidemics. Two species of this genus, S. agalactiae and S. mutans are ...

Video articles in JoVE about 3 flanking region include Generation of Marked and Markerless Mutants in Model Cyanobacterial Species, Generation of a Gene-disrupted Streptococcus mutans Strain Without Gene Cloning, Generating CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Monoallelic Deletions to Study Enhancer Function in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells, Genetic Engineering of an Unconventional Yeast for Renewable Biofuel and Biochemical Production, Assessment of DNA Contamination in RNA Samples Based on Ribosomal DNA, Peptide Scanning-assisted Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody-recognized Linear B-cell Epitope, Generation of Enterobacter sp. YSU Auxotrophs Using Transposon Mutagenesis, The Production of C. elegans Transgenes via Recombineering with the galK Selectable Marker, Linear Amplification Mediated PCR - Localization of Genetic Elements and Characterization of Unknown Flanking DNA, Lateral Diffusion and Exocytosis of Membrane Proteins in Cultured Neurons Assessed using Fluorescence Recovery and

The immunoglobulins including IgG, IgM, IgA, and secretory IgA (SIgA) form the specific defense system in saliva against bacteria. SIgA is the most abundant immunologic component in saliva, mainly produced by plasma cells located in minor mucous glands. SIgA is non-detectable in neonates but become readily detectable 1 week after birth. It can neutralize pathogenic viruses, toxins, and enzymes produced by bacteria. SIgA can prevent bacteria forming colonies or attaching or penetrating host tissues, kill them directly, or activate complements or provide synergism with innate defense mechanisms. Its also able to aggregate or clump bacteria, promoting oral clearance. SIgA against streptococcus mutans can be detected in children at the age of 3 years old, and the quantity increases with the length of exposure. Other immunologic components occur in less quantity in saliva. IgG is the only detectable Ig in saliva of neonates and is mainly maternal origin. The concentration of IgG decreases to ...

The pH levels in dental biofilms are highly variable and frequently shift from above pH 7.0 in the resting pH state to as low as pH 3.0 during the ingestion of dietary carbohydrates by the host. Thus, pH exerts a significant ecological pressure on S. mutans, and its ability to tolerate and grow in low pH environments is crucial to its survival and eventual dominance in dental plaque, leading to caries (27). Considerable evidence has shown that S. mutans has evolved a number of sophisticated mechanisms to survive these pH changes including induction of an ATR in which exposure of S. mutans cells to a mild or moderately acidic pH (5.0-6.0) results in enhanced survival of a significant proportion of the cell population in a lower pH of 3.0-3.5 (28). This ATR involves a number of de novo proteins that appear to be important for adaptation to an acidic environment (29). Although many of the molecular mechanisms of the ATR in S. mutans remain unclear, this signal pH that results in synthesis of ...

A study in Alabama has found a possibly link between the bacteria in tooth decay and systemic diseases. Streptococcus mutans is frequently associated with tooth decay - it plays a role in utilizing sugar in the mouth, turning it into acid. S. mutans also releases other chemicals than allow other bacteria to adhere to the tooth surface.

TY - JOUR. T1 - A new in vitro model to study the relationship of gap size and secondary caries. AU - Totiam, P.. AU - González-Cabezas, C.. AU - Fontana, M. R.. AU - Zero, Domenick. PY - 2007/11. Y1 - 2007/11. N2 - Objectives: To investigate the relationship of gap size and secondary caries in a newly developed secondary caries microbial model that permits adjustment of the gap between the tooth and a restoration. Methods: Tooth-resin-matrix composite specimens were mounted on gap-model stages with a gap size of 50 or 500 μm in experiment 1, and 0, 25, 250, or 1,000 μm in experiment 2. They were attached to plastic Petri plates, gas-sterilized and then incubated in a microbial caries model (with Streptococcus mutans TH16 in 1% sucrose tryptic soy broth for 1 h, 4 times/day, and with a buffer solution for the rest of the day). After 8 days of incubation, tooth specimens were sectioned and stained overnight with a rhodamine B solution. Digital images taken under a confocal microscope were ...

Scardovia wiggsiae is not a new masterpiece of JRR Tolkien. Neither a new indie rock band in my town. Scardovia wiggsiae is a bacteria, specifically found in severe carious lesion in children. This bacteria is considered as a culprit in ECC! What is ECC? Lets find out then. This article was written in English, but I translated it to Indonesian so it will be convenience for you to read (especially who understand Indonesian). The actual article was published at Wednesday, 18 May 2911 12:17 Pada penelitian sebelumnya, peneliti mengidentifikasi Streptococcus mutans sebagai agen penyebab utama Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Sekarang peneliti menyatakan bahwa Scardovia wiggsiae, spesies bakteri baru yang berhubungan dengan gigi, juga merupakan agen utama dalam patogenesis penyakit ini. Artikel yang menjelaskan penelitian ini disorot dalam Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi agen bakteri yang harusnya dipertimbangkan dalam usaha mencegah pembentukan ...

species of spherical, gram-positive bacteria Streptococci (from phylum Firmicutes) that forms chains and colonizes the mouth and upper respiratory tract of humans just a few hours after birth, making further exposure to the bacteria harmless in most circumstances. It is considered to be a good oral bacteria fighting bad odor and disease-causing species yet, if it gets into bloodstream (what, fortunately, rarely happens), it could be associated with sepsis in people with neutropenia (a deficiency in white blood cells). Streptococcus salivarius secretes a glucosltransferase (Gtf) which forms a glucan from sucrose and it uses sucrose (but not glucose) to build a capsule around itself. This bacteria can ferment the glucose yielding lactic acid. S. salivarius is also known to secrete an enzyme called urease. Urease can catalyze the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide ...

Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Streptococcus salivarius, Gram-positive, coccoid, facultatively anaerobic bacterium. Streptococcus salivarius forms chains of cells which are bound together by the capsular material seen around each cell (shown as surface stipulation in this image). It is the principal commensal bacterium of the oral cavity and a normal inhabitant of the upper respiratory tract in humans. It is the first bacterium that colonizes dental plaque, before being joined by numerous other species of various genera. It creates favourable conditions so other species can begin to colonize. The bacterium colonizes the mouth and upper respiratory tract of humans a few hours after birth, making further exposure to the bacteria harmless. Magnification: x5,335 when shortest axis printed at 25 millimetres. - Stock Image C037/0162

Since the first discovery of PTS in E. coli [37], special efforts have been made to study the characteristics and functions of various PTS proteins in both gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, including S. mutans, the most common pathogen in dental caries. The presence of PTS involved in high-efficiency transport and phosphorylation of numerous carbohydrates largely accounts for the high cariogenicity of S. mutans. Apart from the two general proteins, EI and HPr, many genes coding for different carbohydrate-specific EII complexes of the PTS have been isolated and identified, such as the scrA gene for sucrose [38], the mtlA gene for mannitol [10], the lacFE genes for lactose [39], the manLMN genes for mannose [40], and others. In the present study, two genes, ptxA and ptxB, that were identified and presumed to be involved in anaerobic utilization of L-ascorbate, were analyzed.. Similar to E. coli and some other enteric bacteria, S. mutans could grow in defined medium supplemented with ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Clinical effectiveness of fluoride-releasing elastomers. I. T2 - Salivary Streptococcus mutans numbers. AU - Wilson, Thomas G.. AU - Gregory, Richard L.. PY - 1995/3. Y1 - 1995/3. N2 - The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of fluoride-releasing elastomers on salivary Streptococcus mutans numbers. Twenty-four patients with fixed orthodontic appliances were randomly divided into experimental and control groups consisting of 12 patients each. Conventional elastomers were in place while two baseline whole saliva samples were collected from each subject in both groups at their regular appointments. After the second baseline sample was taken, conventional elastomers were replaced with fluoride-releasing elastomers in the experimental group, whereas conventional elastomers were continued in the control group. Three saliva samples were then collected from all subjects at 1-week intervals. Conventional elastomers were placed in all subjects while two postexperimental saliva ...

台灣五葉松(Pinus morrisonicola Hayata)為台灣特有之松科植物，其松針發芽主要為四月和九月，業者多以此時期之嫩芽製汁販售。本研究欲探討台灣五葉松松針精油是否能抑制齲齒菌的生長和抑制其生物膜形成。研究使用蒸餾萃取法(Distillation)萃取松針中精油物質，抑菌試驗使用24微量多孔盤進行（24-well cell culture microplates）與生物膜結晶紫染色法(crystal violet assay)和抑菌圈判定法（Inhibitory zone assay）。結果顯示，松針精油會影響齲齒菌Staphylococcus aureus、Streptococcus mutans、Streptococcus sanguinis、Streptococcus sobrinus的生長，與控制組相比，精油濃度達到16200 ppm時，Sta. aureus、S. mutans、S. sanguinis、S. sobrinus菌量剩0%、16%、15%、7.24% ; 精油濃度高至18000 ppm時，對Sta. aureus、S. sanguinis、S. sobrinus有全面抑制功效，雖然S. mutans的生長未完全被抑制，但其菌量已降量8.25%。松針精油會抑制Sta.

When individual comparison of the extracts was made, garlic showed greatest antimicrobial activity with a mean zone of inhibition (34.9 ± 0.58 mm) and honey showed least antimicrobial activity (0.5 ± 0.6 mm). When combinations of extracts were tested against S. mutans, lemon and garlic combination showed the greatest zone of inhibition (27.6 ± 0.43 mm) compared with other combinations, and ginger + lemon combinations showed the least zone of inhibition (12.6 ± 0.43 mm ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Antibacterial activity of a competence-stimulating peptide in experimental sepsis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. AU - Oggioni, Marco R.. AU - Iannelli, Francesco. AU - Ricci, Susanna. AU - Chiavolini, Damiana. AU - Parigi, Riccardo. AU - Trappetti, Claudia. AU - Claverys, Jean Pierre. AU - Pozzi, Gianni. PY - 2004/12/1. Y1 - 2004/12/1. N2 - Streptococcus pneumoniae, a major cause of human disease, produces a 17-mer autoinducer peptide pheromone (competence-stimulating peptide [CSP]) for the control of competence for genetic transformation. Due to previous work linking CSP to stress phenotypes, we set up an in vivo sepsis model to assay its effect on virulence. Our data demonstrate a significant increase in the rates of survival of mice, reductions of blood S. pneumoniae counts, and prolonged times to death for mice treated with CSP. In vitro the dose of CSP used in the animal model produced a transitory inhibition of growth. When a mutant with a mutation in the CSP sensor ...

Background and Aims: Dental caries is the most common infectious diseases. Among the oral bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are considered as the main causes of tooth decay. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of hyperimmune bovine colostrum containing specific antibodies against cariogenic bacteria and ...

Milk or milk component-based drinks seem to possess many of the biological and physical properties desired for a saliva substitute. Milk contains two primary sources of protein, the caseins and whey.Alpha-Lactalbumin (α-LA) is one of the main proteins found in human and bovine milk whey. Glycomacropeptide is a major component of casein protein .α-La with antimicrobial properties have been reported as α-La yielded bactericidal peptides. Both demonstrate a number of biological activities in medicine not only as milk protein but also as natural antibacterial. Aim of the study: To examine the antibacterial activities of milk proteins glycomacropeptide and alpha lactalbumin compared with chlorhexidine and their effect on Mutans streptococci count in human dental plaque samples from children. Materials and methods: Twenty children patient were sampled as follow six dental plaque samples were taken from each child from the buccal surface of first permanent molars , by sterile dental excavator and stored in

glucan-binding proteins: beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein is a 100-kDa protein isolated from the crayfish Pacifasticus leniusculus; beta-glucan elicitor binding protein is from soybean roots; GBP-3 is from Streptococcus sobrinus

As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.

1] Chen, YY. Streptococcus salivarius urease: genetic and biochemical characterization and expression in a dental plaque streptococcus. Infection and Immunity.1996.Volume 64 No.2. p. 585-592. [2] Lévesque, Céline, ChristianVadeboncoeur, and MichelFrenette. The csp operon of Streptococcus salivarius encodes two predicted cell-surface proteins, one of which, CspB, is associated with the fimbriae. Microbiology 150.2004. (Pt 1). p. 189-98. [3] N. Sterer1, and M. Rosenberg Streptococcus salivarius Promotes Mucin Putrefaction and Malodor Production by Porphyromonas gingivalis.2006.Journal of Dental Reserach. p. 910-914. [4] Simpson, CL. Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975 Possesses at Least Two Genes Coding for Primer-Independent Glucosyltransferases.Infection and Immunity.1995.Volume 63 No.2. p. 609-621. [5] MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES. Public Health Agency of Canada. 2001. [6] Streptococcus salivarius JIM8777, JIM8780: The principal inhabitant of the human oral ...

The human pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus mutans have both evolved complex quorum sensing (QS) systems that regulate the production of bacteriocins and the entry into the competent state, a requirement for natural transformation. Natural transformation provides bacteria with a mechanism to repair damaged genes or as a source of new advantageous traits. In S. pneumoniae, the competence pathway is controlled by the two-component signal transduction pathway ComCDE, which directly regulates SigX, the alternative sigma factor required for the initiation into competence. Over the past two decades, effectors of cellular killing (i.e., fratricides) have been recognized as important targets of the pneumococcal competence QS pathway. Recently, direct interactions between the ComCDE and the paralogous BlpRH pathway, regulating bacteriocin production, were identified, further strengthening the interconnections between these two QS systems. Interestingly, a similar theme is being revealed in S.

Looking for online definition of Streptococcus salivarius in the Medical Dictionary? Streptococcus salivarius explanation free. What is Streptococcus salivarius? Meaning of Streptococcus salivarius medical term. What does Streptococcus salivarius mean?

ABSTRACT: The present study explores antimicrobial activities of Caesalpinia sappan extracts against three strains of oral pathogenic bacteria; Streptococcus mutans DMST9567 (Smu9), Streptococcus mutans DMST41283 (Smu4), and Streptococcus intermedius DMST42700 (Si). Ethanol crude extract of C. sappan (Cs-EtOH) was firstly compared to that of other medicinal plants using disc diffusion method. Cs-EtOH showed significantly higher effective inhibition against all tested strains than other extracts and 0.12% chlorhexidine with the inhibition zone of 17.5 ± 0.5, 18.5 ± 0.0, and 17.0 ± 0.0 mm against Smu9, Smu4, and Si, respectively. Three fractionated extracts of C. sappan using hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, respectively, were further investigated. The fractionated extract from ethanol (F-EtOH) presented the strongest activities with the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 125-250 μg/mL. Killing kinetics of F-EtOH was depended on the bacterial species and the concentration of ...

Other studies have reported that diets low in protein, calcium, fluoride, zinc and b-vitamins can also increase risk of cavities and poor overall dental health. A well balanced diet with little or no refined sugar (such as Doug Kaufmanns phase diets) are helpful in maintaining tooth health.. Several human studies have reported that eating yogurt containing live (viable) probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus thermophilus can significantly reduce risk of tooth cavities and significantly reduce levels of Streptococcus mutans in the mouth. Note: Streptoccous thermophilus is a relative of Streptococcus mutans but does not cause cavities.. Other studies have reported that eating yogurt with live probiotics can significantly reduce the incidence of the gum disease gingivitis and halitosis (bad mouth odor).. More research is needed to determine the best strains of probiotic bacteria to promote oral health. A good review of the effects of probiotics and mouth ...

Unscramble streptococci, Unscramble letters streptococci, Point value for streptococci, Word Decoder for streptococci, Word generator using the letters streptococci, Word Solver streptococci, Possible Scrabble words with streptococci, Anagram of streptococci

Unscramble streptococci, Unscramble letters streptococci, Point value for streptococci, Word Decoder for streptococci, Word generator using the letters streptococci, Word Solver streptococci, Possible Scrabble words with streptococci, Anagram of streptococci

Archives issue of International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences which aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of pharmaceutical and biological sciences

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The principal source of streptococci in milk is the cows udder. The udder streptococci fall into two broad groups; those of the larger group agree in cultural characters and agglutination affinities with mastitis streptococci; the smaller group is composed of low acid-producing streptococci. The streptococci of the latter group produce clear zones of hemolysis about surface and deep colonies in horse blood agar plates. They attack dextrose, lactose, saccharose, and maltose, but do not ferment raffinose, inulin, mannite, or salicin. Acid production in dextrose by the members of this group is about the same as that produced by human streptococci under the same conditions. The limiting hydrogen ion concentration for these pleomorphic udder streptococci in dextrose serum bouillon is within the limits of the limiting hydrogen ion concentration observed by Avery and Cullen for human streptococci. All the streptococci from the vagina, saliva, skin, and feces have been non-hemolytic. Those from the saliva form

After collecting informed consent forms from the parents, about 177 children will be screened for the presence of salivary mutans streptococci (SM) with chairside test, Dentocult SM® Strip mutans (Orion Diagnostica, Finland).. Sorbitol is regarded as an inert polyol. Xylitol/Sorbitol gum (6g polyol/day) will be used for 5 weeks. Saliva samples will be collected before and after gum use. Studying and quantifying of 16 bacterial species belonging to the normal flora by DNA-DNA hybridizations and Real-time PCR will show how xylitol influenced the oral flora in general. Comparison of MS counts in unstimulated vs. stimulated saliva will show how xylitol affected the adhesivity of the MS. ...

In our research, we determine the effect of low-level laser irradiation with nanoparticles on Streptococcus salivarius. Photodynamic killing of periodontopathogenic bacteria may be an alternative to the systemic application of antibacterial drugs used in the treatment of periodontal diseases. The application of photosensitizing nanoparticles and their excitation by visible light of blue spectra enables effective killing of periodontopathogens. This data combined with the results demonstrates that TiO2, AgTiO2 and S/TiO2 can inhibit the proliferation of Streptococcus salivarius due to its high photocatalytic activity, which irreversibly damages the cell walls and membranes ...

Species of streptococci are well represented among the bacteria found in the oral cavity, which has been estimated to harbor around 500 different species of bacteria, though there remain many taxa of uncertain status and many microscopically observable microbes that have not yet been isolated in laboratory culture. These oral streptococci seem to be ubiquitous among all the human populations studied. When they have been sought, identical or closely related streptococci have also been found in a wide variety of animal species, so streptococci are clearly part of the normal commensal flora of mammals; this chapter considers the problems that arise when this commensal relationship breaks down and the oral streptococci become opportunistic pathogens. The chapter talks about acquisition of oral streptococci, mechanism of colonization, immunological processes in the mouth, and metabolism of dental plaque. The oral streptococci are normal commensals of the human mouth and as such play a beneficial role in

Out of 16 patients enrolled, 14 were female and had fibromyalgia. The mean age of the patients was 52.8±12.9 years. The mean saliva flow at week 0, week 1 and week 4 were 5.38±3.36 ml/5-minutes, 6 (p = 0.769) and 5.45 (p = 0.391), respectively, and for saliva pH were 6.28, 5.94 (p = 0.51) and 5.5 (p = 0.07) respectively also. The mean Streptococcus mutans growth score at weeks 0, 1 and 4 was1.8±0.75, 1.6±0.83 (p = 0.234), and 2.4±0.84 (p = 0.058), respectively. The mean Lactobacilli growth score at weeks 0, 1 and 4 was 2.59±0.88, 3.1±0.69 (p = 0.033) and 3.3±0.67 (p = 0.025), respectively ...

Streptococci are non-motile, microaerophilic, Grampositive spherical bacteria (cocci). They often occur as chains or pairs and are facultative or strict anaerobes. Streptococci give a negative catalase test, while staphylococci are catalase-positive. Because they are unable to synthesize cytochromes, streptococci cannot carry out oxidative phosphorylation. They are able to ferment sugars, but the end product is always lactic acid. Therefore, streptococci are very acid tolerant and count among the lactic acid bacteria order.. There are many natural sources of streptococci, including humans and diverse animals where they often colonize the mucosal surfaces of the mouth, intestinal tract, nasal passages and pharynx. The presence of streptococci in drinking water indicates fecal contamination. Food sources with high risk of contamination include milk and dairy products, eggs, steamed lobster, ground ham, potato salad, custard, rice pudding and shrimp salad. In most streptococcal food poisoning ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of cranberry extracts on saliva-derived polymicrobial biofilms with regards to biofilm biomass, acidogenicity, exopolysaccharide (EPS)/microbial biovolumes, colony forming unit (CFU) counts, and the relative abundance of specific caries- and health-associated bacteria.METHODS: Saliva-derived polymicrobial biofilms were grown for 96 h in a cariogenic environment and treated for 2 min every 12 h over the entire biofilm growth period with 500 mug/mL cranberry extract or vehicle control. The effect of the cranberry extract on biofilm behaviour was evaluated using different assays and its influence on key cariogenic and health-associated bacterial populations was assessed with a microarray real-time quantitative PCR method.RESULTS: Cranberry-treated biofilms showed significant drops in biomass (38% reduction, P , 0.001), acidogenicity (44% reduction, P , 0.001), EPS/microbial biovolume ratios (P = 0.033), and CFU counts (51% reduction, P = 0.001). Furthermore, the ...

As soon as the college baseball season had ended, Vick signed with the St. Louis Cardinals and joined the team in Boston on June 5, 1922.[15] He made his Major League debut on June 29, 1922,[16] but spent most of the 1922 season playing for the Cardinals affiliate in the American Association at Syracuse. Vick batted .320 with Syracuse in 1922.[17] In the spring of 1923, Vick played with the Houston Buffs,[17] and did not play in any Major League games during the 1923 season.[16] In 1924, Vick appeared in 16 games for the Cardinals and compiled a .348 batting average and .423 on-base percentage.[16] After the 1925 season, columnist Billy Evans wrote that Vick was an excellent baseball prospect, but injuries had kept him from proving his real worth as a big leaguer.[11] His most serious injury was a badly shattered thumb that threatened to end his career.[11]. In 1926, Vick appeared in 24 games for the Cardinals team that won the 1926 World Series.[16][18] Vick was best known in baseball as ...

Looking for b-hemolytic streptococci? Find out information about b-hemolytic streptococci. any of a group of gram-positive bacteria, genus Streptococcus, some of which cause disease. Streptococci are spherical and divide by fission, but they... Explanation of b-hemolytic streptococci

The aim of the study was to establish whether maternal use of sugar free chewing gum, sweetened with the naturally occurring sweetener xylitol, could reduce the transmission of harmful mutans streptococci (MS) bacteria from mother to child and thereby reduce the risk of dental caries in their children. Earlier published studies have demonstrated that prevention of colonization by these bacteria in early childhood can lead to reduction of dental decay and that mothers are the primary source of infection with mutans streptococci. These bacteria are passed from mother to child through everyday contacts such as kissing, and tasting of food. The mothers were recruited for the study during pregnancy, and were assigned to one of three study groups. The xylitol group mothers chewed xylitol chewing gum approximately four times a day from 3 to 24 months after the child was born. The mothers in the two control groups received fluoride (which does not affect MS transmission, but strengthens tooth enamel), ...

Dental caries, also known as tooth decay or a cavity, is an infection, usually bacterial in origin, that causes demineralization of the hard tissues (enamel, dentin, and cementum ) and destruction of the organic matter of the tooth, usually by production of acid by hydrolysis of the food debris accumulated on the tooth surface. If demineralization exceeds saliva and other remineralization factors such as from calcium and fluoridated toothpastes, these tissues progressively break down, producing dental caries (cavities, holes in the teeth). The two bacteria most commonly responsible for dental cavities are Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. If left untreated, the disease can lead to pain, tooth loss, and infection. Today, caries remain one of the most common diseases throughout the world.. Caries can be classified by location, etiology, rate of progression, and affected hard tissues. These forms of classification can be used to characterize a particular case of tooth decay in order to more ...

Age of Onset, Analysis of Variance, Breast Feeding/*adverse effects, Colony Count; Microbial, Dental Caries/*epidemiology/etiology, Diet; Cariogenic, Fingersucking/adverse effects, Fluorides/therapeutic use, Food Habits, Humans, Infant, Lactobacillus/isolation & purification, Prevalence, Questionnaires, Streptococcus mutans/isolation & purification, Sweden/epidemiology, Tooth; Deciduous/microbiology, Toothbrushing/utilization ...

Antimicrobial Property of Mango Twigs Extract against Dental Caries-causing Microorganisms (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus) Jervene Venturina

Platelets Enhance Biofilm Formation and Resistance of Endocarditis-Inducing Streptococci on the Injured Heart Valve. Chiau-Jing Jung; Chiou-Yueh Yeh; Chia-Tung Shun; Ron-Bin Hsu; Hung-Wei Cheng; Chi-Shuan Lin; Jean-San Chia // Journal of Infectious Diseases;4/1/2012, Vol. 205 Issue 7, p1066 Infective endocarditis is a typical biofilm-associated infectious disease frequently caused by commensal streptococci, but the contribution of host factors in biofilm formation is unclear. We found that platelets are essential for in vitro biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans or... ...

ABSTRACT: In the present study, antimicrobial activity of Piper betle crude ethanol extract against 4 strains of oral pathogens; Candida albicans DMST 8684, C. albicans DMST 5815, Streptococcus gordonii DMST 38731 and Streptococcus mutans DMST 18777 was compared with other medicinal plants. P. betle showed the strongest antimicrobial activity against all tested strains. Fractionated extracts of P. betle using hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, respectively, were subjected to antimicrobial assay. The result revealed that the fractionated extract from ethyl acetate (F-EtOAc) possessed the strongest antimicrobial activity against all tested strains. Its inhibition zones against those pathogens were 23.00 ± 0.00, 24.33 ± 0.58, 12.50 ± 0.70 and 11.00 ± 0.00 mm, respectively and its minimum inhibitory concentrations were 0.50, 1.00, 0.50 and 1.00 mg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, the minimum concentration to completely kill those pathogens was the same for all strains and found to be 2.00 ...

A caries-preventive composition comprises an antibody obtained by immunizing a mammal with at least one antigen selected from the group consisting of Streptococcus mutans, its cell-wall fraction, fibrous substance fraction, glucosyltransferase fraction and protein antigen fraction, and a synergist selected from the group consisting of fluorine compounds, chlorhexidine and its salts, lytic enzymes, bacteriocins, glucosyltransferase inhibitors, proteases and dextranases.

We nag our kids to brush their teeth well, but a few hours later, their mouths are just as full of bacteria as before they brushed... Microbiologist Wenyuan Shi of UCLA thinks a sweet sucker might help lick the problem.. Shi laments that while the cause of tooth decay is known to be an infection, dentistry today still uses a mechanical approach to disease.. He says that there are 100 trillion bacteria in your mouth, consisting of 700 different species, but only 12 of those species cause any harm. One in particular, Streptococcus mutans, is a major factor in tooth decay.. What we really try to do is to detect the pathogen who is responsible for the tooth decay, and treating the pathogen or get rid of the pathogen way before they [are] damaging the tooth, says Shi.. The challenge of that approach is that some of those bugs are actually beneficial. So Shi is working on ways to target the harmful bacteria while leaving the beneficial ones alone. Its like a dandelion infection in your lawn, he ...

(oleh Ardy Prian Nirwana, S.Pd.Bio & Yusianti Silviani, S.Pd.Bio) Streptococcus adalah bakteri spheris Gram positif yang khasnya berpasangan atau membentuk rantai selama pertumbuhannya. Beberapa kelompok streptococcus adalah flora normal manusia. Streptococcus menghasilkan berbagai enzim dan substansi ekstraseluler. Streptococcus merupakan kelompok bakteri yang heterogen, dan tidak ada sistem yang dapat mengklasifikasikannya. Dua puluh spesies, termasuk Streptococcus…

Arzmi, Mohd Hafiz and Stuart, Dashper and Nicola, Cirillo and Eric, Reynolds and Michael, McCullough (2015) Coaggregation of Candida albicans, Actinomyces naeslundii and Streptococcus mutans is Candida albicans strain dependent. FEMS Yeast Research, 15 (5). pp. 1-7. ISSN 1567-1356 E-ISSN 1567-1364 ...

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Production of serotype C specific and serotype C/D generic monoclonalantibodies using recombinant HC and HN fragments from Clostridiumbotulinum neurotoxin types C1 and D. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

This topic has 1 study abstract on Streptococcus Sanguinis indicating that they may have therapeutic value in the treatment of Childhood Infections, and Otitis media

Philadelphia. WHEN I was growing up, you would be sent down to the principals office for chewing gum in school. We were told chewing gum was bad; it caused cavities.. Like chocolate and coffee, gum is now being rehabilitated. It turns out that sugar-free gum can actually prevent cavities in children. Instead of banning it, we should require children to chew it in school to promote their oral health.. The human mouth is host to many bacteria. The one that is primarily responsible for cavities is called streptococcus mutans (its related to the bacteria that causes strep throat). When the bacteria encounters sugar, it produces acids. Saliva neutralizes acid, so teeth can handle some exposure. But large amounts of sugar - as found in candy or sugary beverages - overwhelm saliva. Prolonged exposure to that acid will damage the protective enamel on teeth - a process called demineralization - and eventually cause cavities.. Chewing gum of any kind increases saliva production, and therefore helps ...

Affiliation：明海大学,歯学部,教授, Research Field：Orthodontic/Pediatric dentistry,Orthodontics/Pediatric dentistry, Keywords：Streptococcus mutans,グルコシルトランスフェラーゼ,glucosyltransferase,小児歯科,rodA遺伝子,ミティスグループレンサ球菌,ペプチド核酸(PNA),ミュータンスレンサ球菌,膜透過型ペプチド,アンチセンス法, # of Research Projects：21, # of Research Products：52, Ongoing Project：P. melaninogenicaの誤嚥性肺炎病原因子の同定と病態発症機序の解明

It is estimated that the human oral microbiota consists of over 600 individual taxa with ~200 being formally named species and only ~100 representing laboratory-cultivable strains. This lack of cultivability of many members of the population represents an enormous diversity of organisms about which we still know very little, This is particularly true with regard to the molecular and metabolic interactions that occur between species and their host or the role uncultivable species may play in disease initiation or progression. Although single bacterial species can be used to validate Kochs postulates and replicate specific oral diseases in carefully controlled model systems (e.g., gnotobiotic rodent models of caries with Streptococcus mutans and a cariogenic diet), human oral diseases are more complex and generally are recognized as being polymicrobial in origin. Periodontitis is recognized as an ecological disease. The so-called red complex of organisms seen in destructive periodontitis ...

Resistance in oral streptococci after repeated three-dose erythromycin prophylaxis.: Ten healthy volunteers, from whom no erythromycin-resistant oral streptococ

BACKGROUND: There are only limited studies that have determined the antibacterial effects of various remineralizing agents that can be beneficial to children. AIM: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of tricalcium phosphate (TCP), calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSP), and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) enhanced with fluoride in reducing the Streptococcus mutans (SM) levels in saliva of children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Out of 245 children, 120 of them with SM colony forming units (CFU)/ml in the range of 104-106/ml of saliva were assigned to four groups: (I) TCP; (II) CSP; (III) CPP-ACP enhanced with fluoride; and (IV) control ...

1st International Symposium on Streptococcus agalactiae Disease (ISSAD) Century City Conference Centre Cape Town, South Africa February 20 - February 23, 2018.

Scientists have discovered a new molecule that will make your teeth cavity-proof, the formula has been dubber Keep 32 and can kill cavity producing bacteria in 60 seconds. The researchers claim that the flexibility of the molecule allows it to be added to any substance like toothpaste or mouthwash, even chewing gum and candies. The scientists have said that the product/formula needs to be in your mouth for at least 60 seconds for it to make your teeth cavity proof. It will eliminate the dreadful cavity causing Streptococcus Mutans and will prevent its regeneration for many hours.. The research on the molecule began in 2005 and has now been fully ...

Do regular brushing, flossing and professional dental cleanings help prevent heart disease? The answer is yes, and a recent study by the University of Rochesters Center for Oral Biology details how some of the bacteria that cause cavities, called Streptococcus mutans, are able to damage the heart.

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Streptococcus salivarius subsp. salivarius ATCC ® BAA-1024D-5™ Designation: Genomic DNA from strain DSM 13084 (ATCC BAA-1024) TypeStrain=False Application:

Streptococcus salivarius subsp. salivarius ATCC ® 9759D-5™ Designation: Genomic DNA from B2 (ATCC 9759) TypeStrain=False Application: