The expression of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia multidrug resistance (MDR) pump SmeDEF is transcriptionally regulated by SmeT (12), a local repressor encoded by the smeT gene, which is located upstream of smeD and which is divergently transcribed. SmeT binds to the intergenic smeT-smeD region, where the promoters of smeT and smeD are located. It has previously been found that a mutation in smeT is responsible for smeDEF overproduction in MDR strain S. maltophilia D457R (1, 12). However, nothing is known about the molecular basis of smeDEF overproduction in clinical S. maltophilia isolates. For that goal, the intergenic smeT-smeD region, which contains both the smeT and smeD promoters, as well as the smeT gene, were cloned from a collection of clinical S. maltophilia strains, 33% of which were SmeDEF overproducers (2), by PCR and sequenced as described previously (12). The strains used in this work are listed in Table 1. The intergenic region and the smeT gene were highly polymorphic (Fig. 1). ...

A systematic evaluation of the attributable mortality of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia was undertaken in a matched, retrospective, case-control study. We determined the attributable mortality rate (26.7%) and mortality risk ratio (an 8-fold increase) of S. maltophilia bacteremia. The attributable mortality rate for S. maltophilia bacteremia is similar to the attributable mortality rate for other nosocomial bloodstream infections.. ...

A collection of disease information resources and questions answered by our Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Specialists for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection

TY - JOUR. T1 - The sul1 gene in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with high-level resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. AU - Chung, Hae Sun. AU - Kim, Kyeongmi. AU - Hong, Sang Sook. AU - Hong, Seong Geun. AU - Lee, Kyungwon. AU - Chong, Yunsop. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Korean Society for Laboratory Medicine.. PY - 2015. Y1 - 2015. N2 - Emerging resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) poses a serious threat to the treatment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. We determined the prevalence and molecular characteristics of acquired SXT resistance in recent clinical S. maltophilia isolates obtained from Korea. A total of 252 clinical isolates of S. maltophilia were collected from 10 university hospitals in Korea between 2009 and 2010. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by using the CLSI agar dilution method. The sul1, sul2, and sul3 genes, integrons, insertion sequence common region (ISCR) elements, and dfrA genes were detected using PCR. The presence of the ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Proteomic analysis of 17β-estradiol degradation by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. AU - Li, Zhongtian. AU - Nandakumar, Renu. AU - Madayiputhiya, Nandakumar. AU - Li, Xu. PY - 2012/6/5. Y1 - 2012/6/5. N2 - Microbial degradation plays a critical role in determining the environmental fate of steroid hormones, such as 17β-estradiol (E2). The molecular mechanisms governing the microbial transformation of E2 and its primary degradation intermediate, estrone (E1), are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to identify metabolism pathways that might be involved in microbial estrogen degradation. To achieve the objective, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain ZL1 was used as a model estrogen degrading bacterium and its protein expression level during E2/E1 degradation was studied using quantitative proteomics. During an E2 degradation experiment, strain ZL1 first converted E2 to E1 stoichiometrically. At 16 h E1 reached its peak concentration, and microbial growth started. At the ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Levofloxacin Efflux and smeD in Clinical Isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. AU - Chong, So Young. AU - Lee, Kyungwon. AU - Chung, Hae Sun. AU - Hong, Seong Geun. AU - Suh, Younghee. AU - Chong, Yunsop. PY - 2017/3/1. Y1 - 2017/3/1. N2 - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the first-line antimicrobial combination for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. However, allergy or intolerance and increasing resistance limit the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Quinolones can be used as an alternative therapeutic option, but resistance can emerge rapidly during therapy. We analyzed the contribution of SmeABC and SmeDEF efflux pumps to levofloxacin resistance in clinical isolates of S. maltophilia. Nonduplicate clinical isolates of S. maltophilia were collected in 2010 from 11 university hospitals (n = 102). Fifty-five levofloxacin nonsusceptible (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥4 μg/ml) and 47 susceptible (MIC ≤2 μg/ml) isolates were tested for efflux pump ...

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental bacterium found in the soil, associated with plants and animals, and in aquatic environments. It is also an opportunistic pathogen now causing an increasing number of nosocomial infections. The treatment of S. maltophilia is quite difficult given its intrinsic resistance to a number of antibiotics, and because it is able to acquire new resistances via horizontal gene transfer and mutations. Certainly, strains resistant to quinolones, cotrimoxale and/or cephalosporins-antibiotics commonly used to treat S. maltophilia infections-have emerged. The increasing number of available S. maltophilia genomes has allowed the identification and annotation of a large number of antimicrobial resistance genes. Most encode inactivating enzymes and efflux pumps, but information on their role in intrinsic and acquired resistance is limited. Non-typical antibiotic resistance mechanisms that also form part of the intrinsic resistome have been identified via mutant library

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is the third most frequent non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli in nosocomial infections, and usually causes severe infections such as primary bacteremia and pneumonia.The current study aimed to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics, microbiological findings and final outcomes of the patients with primary bacteremia and nosocomial pneumonia caused by S. maltophilia.The current study retrospectively evaluated patients aged 18 years and above with primary bacteremia and nosocomial pneumonia caused by S. maltophilia from January 2006 to December 2013. Medical records of patients, including reports of clinical microbiology and hospital infection control committee, were evaluated.A total of 71 patients with S. maltophilia nosocomial infections, 35 (49.3%) primary bacteremia and 36 (50.7%) pneumonia, were diagnosed. There were no significant differences in gender, age, and co-morbid diseases, except chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; this infection was

What does this mean and reasons for caution?. There were several important observations drawn from this study. The first is that children with CF were found to be at increased risk of acquiring S. maltophilia infection, contrary to previous beliefs that this bacterium was more of a problem in older patients with CF and end stage lung disease. In addition, there has previously been a reluctance to treat patients with CF with oral antibiotics due to the risk of selecting out multi-drug resistant pathogens such as S. maltophilia. However, this study demonstrated that antibiotic therapy may actually be protective against S. maltophilia by slowing lung function decline. ...

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia can present as bacteremia, respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, soft tissue and wound infections, bone

As part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, a total of 1078 Acinetobacter species and 842 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates were collected between January 1997 and December 1999 from 5 geographic regions (Canada, the United States, Latin America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific). The frequency of infections (by geographic region and body site), including those due to imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter species and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)-resistant S. maltophilia, was evaluated. The possibility of seasonal variations in bloodstream infections caused by Acinetobacter species was studied, as was the activity of several therapeutic antimicrobials against all strains. Acinetobacter species and S. maltophilia were most frequently associated with pulmonary infections, independent of the region evaluated. In contrast, patterns of antimicrobial resistance markedly varied among distinct geographic regions, especially for nosocomial isolates. Although the carbapenems were the ...

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a human opportunist pathogen, with an environmental origin. Members of the species are common inhabitants of water and soils, including rhizosphere. S. maltophilia can be a plant endosymbiont and is found in animals and washed foods. This Gram-negative bacterium has intrinsic resistance to various classes of antimicrobials. Within the S. maltophilia genome, genes encoding antibiotic inactivating enzymes, multidrug efflux pumps and a quinolone resistance gene contribute to its reduced antibiotic susceptibility. Although a low virulence pathogen, S. maltophilia can cause various infections in susceptible patients. In addition, S. maltophilia isolates present important biotechnological properties, which can be carefully taken into consideration given the pathogenic potential of this microorganism. This research topic examines S. maltophilia from different perspectives, and it includes 11 articles: 1 commentary, 7 primary research articles, and 3 review articles.In the first

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 菌血症で悩むStenotrophomonas maltophilia なお、SM菌血症と略すらしいです。感染症学雑誌 第87巻 第 5 号http://journal.kansensho.or.jp/Disp?pdf=0870050596.pdf先日、私も久々に…

The present study describes the S. maltophilia-induced PE of 14 patients who were infected within a period of 4 months at a single hospital because of a contaminated drainage cassette. Described in this study are the clinical characteristics, the effects of antibiotics and PPV, and the final visual acuities after treatments for S. maltophilia as the potential source of the infections.. In the culture-positive group, the median time from surgery to infection was 9.5 days (1-17 days). This time period was comparable with patients in a previous report [13], whose symptoms began between postoperative days 1 and 19. However, in another report [14], endophthalmitis by the same bacteria was fully developed in 26 patients within 2 days after surgery. Based upon the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study (EVS), more virulent microorganisms (e.g., Gram-negative bacteria) were more likely to be diagnosed within 2 days of cataract surgery. However, in our study, as a Gram-negative bacterium, S. maltophilia was ...

Emergence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as a nosocomial pathogen is becoming increasingly apparent. Pleiotropic resistance characterizes S. maltophilia. Furthermore, a slow growth rate and an increased mutation rate generate discordance between in vitro susceptibility testing and clinical outcome. Despite original susceptibility, drug-resistant strains of S. maltophilia are often recovered from patients receiving beta-lactams, quinolones, or aminoglycosides. Given the disparity among various in vitro susceptibility methods, this study incorporated a unique pharmacodynamic model to more accurately characterize the bacterial time-kill curves and mutation rates of four clinical isolates of S. maltophilia following exposure to simulated multidose regimens of ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and ticarcillin-clavulanate. Time-kill data demonstrated regrowth of S. maltophilia with all four agents. With the exception of ticarcillin-clavulanate, viable bacterial counts at the end of 24 h ...

Why is this important?. Several cystic fibrosis centres worldwide have reported that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has become more common. This is a multi-drug resistant, opportunistic bacterium that often causes hospital-acquired infections (e.g. pneumonia). Although, the clinical consequences and importance of S. maltophilia colonisation in people with CFsairways are still debated, it has been recently demonstrated that chronic S. maltophilia infection may increase the risk for pulmonary exacerbations. ...

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a pathogen that causes infections mainly in immunocompromised patients. Despite increased S. maltophilia isolation from respiratory specimens of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), the real contribution of the microorganism to CF pathogenesis still needs to be clarified. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pathogenic role of S. maltophilia in CF patients by using a model of acute respiratory infection in DBA/2 mice following a single exposure to aerosolized bacteria. The pulmonary bacterial load was stable until day 3 and then decreased significantly from day 3 through day 14, when the bacterial load became undetectable in all infected mice. Infection disseminated in most mice, although at a very low level. Severe effects (swollen lungs, large atelectasis, pleural adhesion, and hemorrhages) of lung pathology were observed on days 3, 7, and 14. The clearance of S. maltophilia observed in DBA/2 mouse lungs was clearly associated with an early and ...

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a plant growth-promoter. This bacterium is also implicated in human diseases. Thus, after the use of this bacterium in agriculture, the safety of the final products has to be verified. Due to the ubiquitous presence of S. maltophilia in soil, in this study a massive contamination was simulated to evaluate the growth and safety of Raphanus sativus L.. Different inoculums and soil treatment conditions were tested. Soils were analysed weekly and the radishes at harvest for their microbial loads and presence/persistence of S. maltophilia LMG 6606. The concentration of the bacterium added in the different trials decreased during the first week, but increased thereafter and determined a significant increase of growth parameters of radishes. The addition of S. maltophilia LMG 6606 to non-autoclaved soil enhanced the productivity of radishes. The bacterium did not internalize in the hypocotyls, but colonized the external surface ensuring the safety of

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, an opportunistic pathogen usually connected with healthcare-associated infections, is an environmental bacterium. Intrinsic resistance to multiple antibiotics, with different virulence determinants in the last decade classified this bacterium in the group of global multiple drug resistant (MDR) organism. S. maltophilia clinical isolates, were collected from tertiary care pediatric hospital in Belgrade, Serbia to investigate influence of different factors on biofilm formation, kinetics of biofilm formation for strong biofilm producers and effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) on formed biofilm. Most of the isolates (89.8%) were able to form a biofilm. Analysis of biofilm formation in different growth conditions showed that changing of temeperature and pH had the stronggest effect on biofilm formation almost equally in group of cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF strains. TMP/SMX in concentration of 50 μg/ml reduced completely 24 h old biofilms while ...

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging nosocomial pathogen associated with opportunistic infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, cancer, and HIV. Adherence of this organism to abiotic surfaces such as medical implants and catheters represents a major risk for hospitalized patients. The adhesive surface factors involved in adherence of these bacteria are largely unknown, and their flagella have not yet been characterized biochemically and antigenically. We purified and characterized the flagella produced by S. maltophilia clinical strains. The flagella filaments are composed of a 38-kDa subunit, SMFliC, and analysis of its N-terminal amino acid sequence showed considerable sequence identity to the flagellins of Serratia marcescens (78.6%), Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella sonnei (71.4%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (57.2%). Ultrastructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy of bacteria adhering to plastic showed flagellalike structures within the bacterial clusters, suggesting

INTRODUCTION Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important cause of hospital acquired infection particularly among severely debilitated and immunosuppressed patients. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of S. maltophilia meningitis in a preterm baby boy after a neurosurgical procedure, successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSION This organism should be considered as a potential cause of meningitis and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin are a combination that is successful and safe for treating preterm infants.

Antibiotic treatment for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in people with cystic fibrosis: Cochrane systematic review answers are found in the Cochrane Abstracts powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.

目次 中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 目次 iii 表目次 vii 圖目次 viii 縮寫字對照表 x 前言 1 一、 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1 二、 噬菌體療法 2 三、 原核生物的病毒-噬菌體 2 四、 T4-like噬菌體 3 五、 噬菌體T4複製機制 4 六、 研究動機 4 材料方法 6 一、 實驗材料 6 （一）菌種、噬菌體及質體 6 （二）藥品 6 （三）引子（primer） 6 （四）抗生素 6 （五）試劑與緩衝溶液 6 1. 抽取質體DNA試劑 6 2. 噬菌體保存液 6 3. 一般DNA電泳試劑 7 4. 脈衝式電泳（pulsed-field gel electrophoresis）試劑 7 5. RNA之抽取純化試劑 7 6. SDS-PAGE電泳試劑 7 7. 二維電泳（2D-electrohoresis）試劑 8 8. 銀染試劑 8 9. 蛋白質N端定序分析樣品準備之試劑 9 二、 實驗方法 9 （一）細菌培養與保存 9 （二）噬菌體篩選 9 （三）噬菌體培養 9 1. 小量噬菌體培養 9 2. 大量噬菌體培養 10 （四）噬菌體純化 10 ...

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ATP-dependent Clp protease ATP-binding subunit ClpX (clpX) datasheet and description hight quality product and Backed by our Guarantee

Akbar, Sirwan, Rout, Simon and Humphreys, Paul (2015) Draft Genome Sequence of the Biofilm-Forming Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Strain 53. Genome Announcements, 3 (2). e00312-15. ISSN 2169-8287 Alhudhud, M, Humphreys, Paul and Laws, Andrew P. (2014) Development of A Growth Medium Suitable for Exopolysaccharide Production and Structural Characterisation by Bifidobacteria animalis ssp. lactis. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 100. pp. 93-98. ISSN 0167-7012 Bogdarina, Irina, Murphy, Helena C., Burns, Shamus P. and Clark, Adrian J.L. (2004) Investigation of the role of epigenetic modification of the rat glucokinase gene in fetal programming. Life Science, 74 (11). pp. 1407-1415. ISSN 0024-3205 Burns, Shamus P., Murphy, Helena C., Iles, Richard A. and Cohen, Robert D. (2001) Lactate supply as a determinant of the distribution of intracellular pH within the hepatic lobule. Biochemical Journal, 3. pp. 569-571. ISSN 0264-6021 Charles, C.J., Rout, S.P., Garratt, E.J., Patel, K., Laws, A.P. and ...

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia-induced pulmonary haemorrhage is considered a fatal infection among haematological patients. The outcome can be explained by the patients immunity status and late diagnosis and treatment. We present the rare case of successful outcome in a 61-year-old female who developed alveolar haemorrhage and acute respiratory distress syndrome 8 days after a chemotherapy session for her acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, in the context of secondary bone marrow aplasia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated in sputum culture. The patient benefitted from early empirical treatment with colistin followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, according to the antibiogram. Despite a severe initial clinical presentation in need of mechanical ventilation, neuromuscular blocking agents infusion, and ventilation in prone position, the patient had a favourable outcome and was discharged from intensive care after 26 days. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia severe pneumonia complicated with pulmonary

S. maltophilia is naturally resistant to many broad-spectrum antibiotics (including all carbapenems) due to the production of two inducible chromosomal metallo-β-lactamases (designated L1 and L2).[8] This makes treatment of infected patients very difficult. S. maltophilia is ubiquitously present in the environment and impossible to eradicate, which makes prevention also extremely difficult. Sensitivity testing requires nonstandard culture techniques (incubation at 30 °C).[9][10] Testing at the wrong temperature results in isolates being incorrectly reported as being susceptible when they are, in fact, resistant. Disc diffusion methods should not be used, as they are unreliable, and agar dilution should be used instead.[11][12] S. maltophilia is not a virulent organism and removal of the infected prosthesis is frequently sufficient to cure the infection; antibiotics are only required if the prosthesis cannot be removed. Many strains of S. maltophilia are sensitive to co-trimoxazole and ...

2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=LONGITUDINAL%20STUDY%20OF%20STENOTROPHOMONAS%20MALTOPHILIA%20ANTIBODY%20LEVELS%20AND%20OUTCOMES%20IN%20CYSTIC%20FIBROSIS% ...

Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia is an aerobic gram-negative bacillus that is found in various aquatic environments. It is an uncommon pathogen in humans.

Exposure to carbapenem and carboxypenicillin or ureidopenicillin during the week before onset of VAP and the severity of disease with regard to respiratory and hematologic failures were independent risk factors for the occurrence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia-related VAP.

Abstract Objective: Recommended combination for the treatment of serious Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections is ticarcillin-clavulanate and co-trimoxazole (SXT). However, first agent is not available in our country, and the second component may be a matter of antimicrobial resistance or intolerance. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of S. maltophilia and in vitro activity […]

p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...

Dr. Yau has focused her research on the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of multi-drug resistant bacterial pahogens in cystic fibrosis (CF). Her research involve examining the epidemiology and clinical significance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections in pediatric and adult CF patients, as well as determining the most effect antimicrobial combinations for the treatment of this infection in CF. She was the co-principal investigator on a multi-center randomnized controlled trial evaluating the utility of biofilm susceptibility assay in choosing more effective antibiotics to treat CF patients with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection. She is also investigating the use of novel antimicrobial agents/modalities in the treatment of CF patients with multi-drug resistant Gram negative bacterial pulmonary infections. In addition, Dr. Yau is involved in a national multicentre study to determine the role of transmissible, clonal P. aeruginosa in the Canadian CF patient population ...

in Microbial Drug Resistance : Mechanism, Epidemiology, & Disease (2002), 8(3), 193-200. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial pathogen with an intrinsic broad-spectrum resistance to beta-lactam compounds and other antibacterial agents. It produces two chromosomal beta-lactamases: a ... [more ▼]. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial pathogen with an intrinsic broad-spectrum resistance to beta-lactam compounds and other antibacterial agents. It produces two chromosomal beta-lactamases: a clavulanic acid-sensitive class A (L2) and a tetrameric carbapenemase (L1 or BlaS). We screened 40 S. maltophilia multidrug-resistant clinical isolates recovered between 1995 and 1998 in the Varese Hospital (Italy) for the presence of the metallo-beta-lactamase. The isolates were investigated by phenotypic profiling (enzymatic activity and antibiotic resistance pattern) and molecular methods such as PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to reveal intraspecies diversity. For the tested ...

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1N4O: Role of the disulfide bridge Cys69-Cys238 in class A b-lactamases : a structural and biochemical investigation on the b-lactamase L2 from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Caenorhabditis elegans are free-living bacterivorous nematodes that naturally consume bacteria as food source. As an excellent genetic model, C. elegans has proven to be a successful system to study innate immune responses to human pathogens, which resulted in identification of many evolutionarily conserved defense pathways. Most of these studies examined innate immune pathway mutants in a single genetic background in response to monoculture of human pathogens that worms might not necessarily encounter in the wild. While this has led to the successful genetic dissection of these defense pathways, in order to fully understand their biological functions, the relevant ecological and evolutionary context needs to be taken into account. The bacterial environment C. elegans naturally encounter is likely to be highly heterogeneous. While many bacteria are mainly considered as dietary resource for worms, some could be potential pathogens. Worms thus constantly face the challenge to defend against the ...

Biopolymers are making their way into the global market very rapidly owing to their biodegradability and environmentally friendly characteristics. Xanthan, a microbial polysaccharide is being produced by plant pathogens. It is widely used in numerous industrial applications. In the current stu...

God is too wise to be mistaken. God is too good to be unkind. So when you dont understand, when you dont see His plan, when you cant trace His hand, trust His heart. Last May 9, 2017 Papa had his first hospital admission due to Stroke, and he stayed there until May 21. He had no paralysis, only myopathy. During the days that he was in the house, he slowly recovered. He religiously had his physical therapy and did great with his recovery. He got readmitted June 9 due to Pneumonia, Septic Arthritis, Amoebiasis, and Abdominal Bleeding. He was supposed to be discharged on June 29 just in time for his last antibiotic treatment. However, on June 24, he suffered from a Heart Attack so he was placed in ICU. He was cleared for discharge on July 6, with NGT feeding. This was his longest stay at the hospital. On July 31, he had his follow up checkup but while at the clinic, he vomited blood. We did not want to be complacent with his condition so he got admitted for the third time. Within his admission, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The clinical spectrum of Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia respiratory infection. AU - Vartivarian, S. E.. AU - Anaissie, E. J.. AU - Kiwan, E. N.. AU - Papadakis, K. A.. PY - 2000/1/1. Y1 - 2000/1/1. N2 - During a 15-month retrospective clinical study in an academic referral-based cancer center, 26 patients with S. maltophilia respiratory tract infections were identified (which were associated with bacteremia in 13 patients). Five of these 26 patients had previously undescribed sinopulmonary involvement. The infections were typically nosocomial. Nine patients with solid tumors had malignant involvement of the respiratory tract (five with obstruction). In two patients, the infection co-existed with pulmonary aspergillosis. Fifteen patients (58%) died of the infection. The factors that correlated with a poor outcome included bacteremic pneumonia, persistent neutropenia, presence of obstruction, development of septic shock or multiple organ dysfunction, and delay in ...

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important opportunistic nosocomial pathogen that shows intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics. This often limits treatment options and can cause lengthy hospital stays. Combination treatments are often used to combat resistance and using natural compounds such as polyphenols could give increased treatment options and even the reuse of antibiotics to which high levels of resistance have been observed. A checkerboard assay was used to determine if any synergy exists between ampicillin and the polyphenol theaflavin against 9 clinical isolates and one control isolate (NCTC 13014) of S. maltophilia. It was discovered that significant synergy (P  0.05) does exist between theaflavin and ampicillin, reducing the mean MIC of ampicillin from 12.5-22.9 µg/mL, in liquid culture, to 3.125-6.25 µg/mL. The FIC index was calculated to be 0.22-0.35 confirming synergy. From these results, significant potential for medical applications can be seen and further investigation ...

The antibiotic resistance and especially mult-idrug resistance is one of the most important factors for any microorganism survival in nature. In a majority of cases the resistance to antibiotics, as a property is being defined by several genes which are localized in plasmids, transposons and in other mobile genetical elements. As a result, it has been found out that in some native opportunistic pathogenic soil strains of Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas, the resistance to different antibiotics is caused by simultaneous presence of different plasmids in cells. Besides, the genes of resistance to various classes of antibiotics of I, II, III generations. They can be localized on one plasmid or in more than one plasmids of current bacterial cell. These plasmids of researched strains of Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas are able to stabile replication not only in cells permanently contacting with compatible antibiotic molecules in environment, but also in case of long-term cultivation of bacteria on ...

Clinical strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, identified by a commercial system as resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), were analysed in detail, to confirm their taxonomic positions, to determine their susceptibilities to various classes of antibiotics and to assess this information with respect to the epidemiological relevance. The majority of strains were isolated from respiratory and wound specimens from patients admitted to intensive care units. Multi-locus sequence analyses (MLSA) of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and gyrase subunit B (gyrB) genes were applied for genotypic-based characterisation. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ten antimicrobial agents were determined, using the E-test method. The MIC values of TMP/SMX for the clinical isolates of S. maltophilia were greater than 32 mg/L, which confirmed their preliminary assessment as resistant. Minocycline, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin exhibited the lowest MICs. All strains were observed to be susceptible ...

Abstract. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative bacterium found in water, plant rhizospheres, animals, and foods. It is associated with a variety of infections in humans, involving respiratory tract (most common), soft tissue and bone, blood, eye, heart, and brain. This opportunistic pathogen is of serious concern to the immunocompromised patient population, and it is also being isolated with increasing frequency from the respiratory tract of individuals with cystic fibrosis. The observed increase worldwide in antibiotic resistance and the ability of this organism to make biofilms on epithelial cells and medical devices make it difficult for health-care personnel to treat infections caused by this pathogen. Recently, several genomes of S. maltophilia have been sequenced, revealing high genetic diversity among isolates. This pathogen uses a variety of molecular mechanisms to acquire and demonstrate resistance to an impressive array of antimicrobial drugs. Research has also focused on ...

Gram-negative bacteria are a major cause of pulmonary infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).The study aimed to conduct the molecular identification of Gram-negative bacterial flora causing pulmonary infection in children with CF.In this study, sputum samples were taken from 64 CF children undergoing treatment as outpatients or inpatients at a referral childrens hospital in Tehran. The PCR technique was used to detect the presence of Gram-negative bacteria, namely Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter baumannii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Burkholderia cepacia.All samples were positive for 16srRNA. Pseudomonas spp. and A. baumannii were detected in 47% and 14% of the studied samples, respectively. Co-colonization by Pseudomonas spp. and A. baumannii was observed in three (5%) samples.According to this survey, Pseudomonas spp. were the most prevalent Gram-negative bacteria isolated from CF patients with pulmonary infection by molecular assays.

In 106 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical strains the susceptibility to 19 kinds of antibiotics was tested by the broth dilution micromethod at 24 h and 48 h incubation. Isolated strains demonstrated the lowest frequency of resistance to cotrimoxazole (7.5% of resistant strains at 24 h incubation and 18.9% at 48 h), ofloxacin (13.2% and 30.2%), ciprofloxacin (19.8% and 50.9%) and to cefoperazone/sulbactam (20.8% and 37.7%). The smallest growth of the number of resistant strains after extended incubation was recorded in gentamicin (by 10.4%), ceftazidime (by 11.3%) and cotrimoxazole (by 11.4%). On the contrary, the largest growth of resistance was demonstrated in cefoperazone and ciprofloxacin (by 31.1%). Average values of the growth of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were lowest in ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (2.3 times) and highest in piperacillin/tazobactam (4.5 times) and piperacillin (5.0 times). As far as the stability of MIC is concerned, the largest occurrence of strains with the MIC

INTRODUCTION: Discordant data have been reported on the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the activity of important antibiotic classes. In particular a recent study suggested that the antagonism previously observed with fluoroquinolones macrolides and aminoglycosides was likely due to an experimental confounding factor (ie low pH of NAC solutions in distilled water) and not to NAC itself. AIMS: To investigate the NAC effect at neutral pH on the activity of several antibiotics against a large collection of relevant respiratory pathogens. METHODS: Antibiotic susceptibility of 39 reference strains or clinical isolates from respiratory infections of several bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Corynebacterium striatum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae) were tested in NAC absence and presence ...

Carbapenems have traditionally been used to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria resistant to many other agents, as they usually escaped the hydrolytic activity of most clinically relevant β-lactamases and are little affected (in terms of absolute MIC changes) by permeability and active efflux mechanisms. For years, resistance to these agents was mainly confined to non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria resistant to ertapenem, and a few species (most notably Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) with intrinsic resistance to all carbapenems, because of a chromosomal encoded carbapenemase.. In 1991, a transferable carbapenemase was reported in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain GN17203).1 Shortly after, OXA-23 (ARI-1)2 in Acinetobacter baumannii and KPC-1 in Klebsiella pneumoniae3 were also described. In the following years, organisms producing plasmid-mediated carbapenemases have rapidly spread worldwide. A pooled analysis of nine studies comparing mortality in infections caused by ...

Chronic pulmonary infections are the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). Due to the polymicrobial nature of these infections, the identification of the particular bacterial species responsible is an essential step in diagnosis and treatment. Current diagnostic procedures are time-consuming, and can also be expensive, invasive and unpleasant in the absence of spontaneously expectorated sputum. The development of a rapid, non-invasive methodology capable of diagnosing and monitoring early bacterial infection is desired. Future visions of real-time, in situ diagnosis via exhaled breath testing rely on the differentiation of bacteria based on their volatile metabolites. The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to investigate whether a range of CF-associated bacterial species (i.e. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cenocepacia, Haemophilus influenzae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus milleri) could be ...

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: clinical and microbiological results Jonathan S Chang, Harry W Flynn Jr, Darlene Miller, William E Smiddy Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative organism known to cause opportunistic infections. It is a rare source of endophthalmitis, often in the setting of trauma, but has been reported following cataract extraction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial sensitivities, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes in patients with endophthalmitis caused by S. maltophilia following cataract extraction. Methods: A retrospective case review of records from January 1, 1990 to June 30, 2010 was performed at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. Results: Eight cases of S. maltophilia endophthalmitis were identified following cataract surgery. Initial visual acuity ranged from 20

A Gram-stain negative, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterial strain, BII-R7T, was isolated during a study targeting the culture-dependent microbial diversity occurring in bentonite formations from southern Spain. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that BII-R7T represented a member of the genus Stenotrophomonas (class Gammaproteobacteria ), and was related most closely to Stenotrophomonas rhizophila e-p10T (99.2 % sequence similarity), followed by Stenotrophomonas pavanii ICB 89T (98.5 %), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia IAM 12423T, Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga LPM-5T and Stenotrophomonas tumulicola T5916-2-1bT (all 98.3 %). Pairwise sequence similarities to all other type strains of species of the genus Stenotrophomonas were below 98 %. Genome-based calculations (orthologous average nucleotide identity, original average nucleotide identity, genome-to-genome distance and DNA G+C percentage) indicated clearly that the isolate represents a novel species within this genus. Different phenotypic

A polyphasic taxonomic approach including analysis of phenotypic, physiological and genotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence and DNA-DNA hybridization analysis was used to determine the most consistent affiliation of Pseudomonas pictorum. Pseudomonas pictorum ATCC 23328 T exhibited phenotypic traits of members of the genus Stenotrophomonas including cellular fatty acid composition, quinone and limited range of substrates that could be used. Antibiotic susceptibility and physiological characteristics were determined. The DNA G+C content was 65.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the type strains of Stenotrophomonas terrae, Stenotrophomonas humi, Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens and Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila were the nearest relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.0 to 98.8 %). All the other type strains of species of the genus Stenotrophomonas showed high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (96.8 to 97.2 %). DNA-DNA hybridizations revealed 31.0, 32.0, 43.3 and 43.6 %

A polyolefinic hydrocarbon was found in nonpolar extracts of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and identified as 3,6,9,12,15,19,22,25,28-hentriacontanonaene (compound I) by mass spectrometry, chemical modification, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Compound I was shown to be the product of a head-to-head fatty acid condensation biosynthetic pathway dependent on genes denoted as ole (for olefin biosynthesis). Four ole genes were present in S. oneidensis MR-1. Deletion of the entire oleABCD gene cluster led to the complete absence of nonpolar extractable products. Deletion of the oleC gene alone generated a strain that lacked compound I but produced a structurally analogous ketone. Complementation of the oleC gene eliminated formation of the ketone and restored the biosynthesis of compound I. A recombinant S. oneidensis strain containing oleA from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain R551-3 produced at least 17 related long-chain compounds in addition to compound I, 13 of which were identified ...

Résumé: Transfer of Pseudomonas pictorum Gray and Thornton 1928 to genus Stenotrophomonas as Stenotrophomonas pictorum comb. nov., and emended description of the genus Stenotrophomonas Abstract A polyphasic taxonomic approach including analysis of phenotypic, physiological and genotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence and DNA-DNA hybridization analysis was used to determine the most consistent affiliation of Pseudomonas pictorum. Pseudomonas pictorum ATCC 23328 T exhibited phenotypic traits of members of the genus Stenotrophomonas including cellular fatty acid composition, quinone and limited range of substrates that could be used. Antibiotic susceptibility and physiological characteristics were determined. The DNA G+C content was 65.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the type strains of Stenotrophomonas terrae, Stenotrophomonas humi, Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens and Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila were the nearest relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.0 to ...

2. 19 Aminoglycoside Antibiotics 34. Li, X. , L. Zhang, G. A. McKay, and K. Poole. 2003. Role of the acetyltransferase AAC(6p)-Iz modifying enzyme in aminoglycoside resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 51:803-811. 35. , M. Tod, Y. Cohen, and O. Petitjean. 1995. Aminoglycosides. Med. Clin. N. Am. 79:761-87. 36. , T. A. Smith, R. J. Zheng, P. Nordmann, and J. S. Blanchard. 2003. Aminoglycoside resistance resulting from tight drug binding to an altered aminoglycoside acetyltransferase. 1999. Semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotics: development and enzymatic modifications. J. Infect. Chemother. 5:1-9. Kotra, L. , J. Haddad, and S. Mobashery. 2000. Aminoglycosides perspectives on mechanisms of action and resistance and strategies to counter resistance. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:3249-3256. 2. 19 Aminoglycoside Antibiotics 34. Li, X. , L. Zhang, G. A. McKay, and K. Poole. 2003. Role of the acetyltransferase AAC(6p)-Iz modifying enzyme in aminoglycoside ...

Betts, J. W., Kelly, S. M. and Haswell, S. J. 2011, Antibacterial effects of theaflavin and synergy with epicatechin against clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, International journal of antimicrobial agents, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 421-425, doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.07.006. ...

Aims: Cyanobacteria-deprived lichens of the species Canoparmelia caroliniana, Canoparmelia crozalsiana, Canoparmelia texana, Parmotrema sancti-angeli and Parmotrema tinctorum were screened for the presence of chemo-organotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Methods and Results: Fifty-three lichen samples subjected to enrichment selection using a nitrogen-free minimal medium were positive for acetylene reduction. Seventeen isolates, able to fix nitrogen, belonged to Gamma-proteobacteria group and were identified as: Acinetobacter sp., Pantoea sp., Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas stutzeri, Serratia marcescens and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, according to 16S rRNA gene sequences and biochemical tests. The excretion of amino acid and phytohormone and the ability of mineral phosphate solubilization were determined in 14 isolates. All isolates were able to release amino acids and 3-indoleacetic acid. About 64% of the isolates solubilized phosphates and 30% released ethylene. Conclusions: These data confirm ...

General Information: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R551-3 was isolated from the poplar Populus trichocarpa x deltoides cv. Hoogvorst and is the second most common endophytic bacteria in poplar. Endophytic bacteria have been shown to increase plant growth or health but providing growth factors or nutrients and in aiding the degradation of toxic compounds. This species is an uncommon but serious source of infection in patients with breathing tubes such as endotracheal or tracheostomy tubes, or with chronically indwelling urinary catheters. Although the organism can colonize the devices without causing an infection, under certain conditions it can cause pneumonia, urinary tract infections, or an infection of the blood. This organism can also cause infection in immunocompromised patients. It has resistance to many commonly used antibiotics and therefore is often difficult to eradicate. Most strains are resistant to co-trimoxazole. ...

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the heavy metals that negatively affects the growth of plants. High solubilization in water leads Cd to enter into plants quite easily, thus decreasing seed germination, photosynthesis, and transpiration. It also shows an antagonistic effect with many of the plants’ nutrients like Mn, Ca, K, Mg and Fe. Nowadays, inoculation of plants with ACC deaminase (ACCD) rhizobacteria to mitigate Cd’s adverse effects has drawn the attention of environmental microbiologists. The rhizobacteria secrete organic compounds that can immobilize Cd in soil. Therefore, this study was accomplished to investigate the effect of ACCD plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the bitter gourd under Cd stress. There were six treatments consisting of two ACCD PGPR (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Agrobacterium fabrum) strains and inorganic fertilizers at two levels of Cd, i.e., 2 (Cd2) and 5 mg kg−1 soil (Cd5). The results showed A. fabrum with the recommended NPK fertilizer (RNPKF)

Alfonso-Gordillo, Guadalupe et al. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from gasoline-contaminated soil is capable of degrading methyl tert-butyl ether. Electron. J. Biotechnol., Sept 2016, vol.19, no.5, p.12-20. ISSN 0717- ...

SWISS-MODEL Repository entry for A0A5N7SJU0 (A0A5N7SJU0_9GAMM), Probable chemoreceptor glutamine deamidase CheD. Stenotrophomonas sp

Cefiderocol is a siderophore cephalosporin with a unique mechanism for penetrating efficiently into Gram-negative pathogens. Cefiderocol binds to free iron and is actively transported into bacterial cells through the outer membrane. This strategy allows cefiderocol to enter the space in-between the bacterial cell walls and disrupt cell wall synthesis.. In addition, cefiderocol is stable against nearly all beta-lactamases, including both the serine and metallo-carbapenemases.. Disk diffusion breakpoints for cefiderocol are available for Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii and S. maltophilia.. Cefiderocol 30 μg disk (CE marked) is available by Liofilchem in two packaging formats:. 50 disks - ref. 9266/1. 250 disks - ref. 9266. ...

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Drug iz vojske: Directed by Milan Konjevic, Nebojsa Radosavljevic, Bojan Vuletic, Dejan Zecevic. With Vojislav Voja Brajovic, Snezana Bogdanovic, Boris Komnenic, Milena Dravic. Sretens children have trouble with the test in the school. Their half-sister Eva decided to end her relationship with her fiancé Draskom. However, Rista wants to take control of her heart.

Operacijo delno financira Evropska unija iz Evropskega sklada za regionalni razvoj ter Ministrstvo za izobraževanje, znanost in šport. Operacija se izvaja v okviru Operativnega programa krepitve regionalnih razvojnih potencialov za obdobje 2007-2013, razvojne prioritete: Gospodarsko razvojna infrastruktura; prednostne usmeritve Informacijska družba ...

Triptamin i njegovi strukturno izvedenispojevi , vrsta su psihotropnih tvari. Uvršteni su u Hrvatskoj na temelju Zakona o suzbijanju zlouporabe droga na Popis droga, psihotropnih tvari i biljaka iz kojih se može dobiti droga te tvari koje se mogu uporabiti za izradu droga, pod Popis droga i biljaka iz kojih se može dobiti droga, pod 2. Popis psihotropnih tvari i biljaka, Odjeljak 1 - Psihotropne tvari sukladno Popisu 1. Konvencije UN-a o psihotropnim tvarima iz 1971. godine. Kemijskim sastavom to su spojevi strukturno izvedeni iz 2-(1H-indol-3-il)etanamina zamjenom jednog ili oba vodikova atoma amino-skupine alkilnom ili alkenilnom skupinom ili uključenjen dušikova atoma u cikličku strukturu, bez obzira na to jesu li ili nisu dodatno modificirani na jedan ili više od sljedećih načina:.[1] ...

Upotrebom industrijske suncokretove sačme za dobivanje proizvoda bogatih proteinima moguće je adekvatno i učinkovito iskoristiti taj poljoprivredni nusproizvod. Iako proteini suncokretove sačme imaju specifična svojstva, potrebno ih...

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U ovom se radu objektno orijentirana ontologija (OOO) pokušava primijeniti na igru. Prvo se iz anti-redukcionističkog pristupa OOO-a daje osvrt na neka dosadašnja tumačenja igre u filozofiji i znanosti. Potom se, zbog konceptualne...

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