April to June 2011 NODC Ocean Heat Content Anomalies (0-700Meters) Update and Comments. Guest post by Bob Tisdale. A NEW APPEARANCE. Due to the noise in the Ocean Heat Content anomaly data for some of the ocean basins, Ive added 13-month running average filters to the long-term graphs.. SAME INTRODUCTION AS ALWAYS. The National Oceanographic Data Centers (NODC) Ocean Heat Content (OHC) anomaly data for the depths of 0-700 meters are available through the KNMI Climate Explorer Monthly observations webpage. The NODC OHC dataset is based on the Levitus et al (2009) paper Global ocean heat content (1955-2008) in light of recent instrumentation problems. Refer to Manuscript. It was revised in 2010 as noted in the October 18, 2010 post Update And Changes To NODC Ocean Heat Content Data. As described in the NODCs explanation of ocean heat content (OHC) data changes, the changes result from data additions and data quality control, from a switch in base climatology, and from revised Expendable ...

Modern star sensors are powerful to measure attitude automatically which assure a perfect performance of spacecrafts. They achieve very accurate attitudes by applying algorithms to process star maps obtained by the star camera mounted on them. Therefore, star maps play an important role in designing star cameras and developing procession algorithms. Furthermore, star maps supply significant supports to exam the performance of star sensors completely before their launch. However, it is not always convenient to supply abundant star maps by taking pictures of the sky. Thus, star map simulation with the aid of computer attracts a lot of interests by virtue of its low price and good convenience. A method to simulate star maps by programming and extending the function of the optical design program ZEMAX is proposed. The star map simulation system is established. Firstly, based on analyzing the working procedures of star sensors to measure attitudes and the basic method to design optical system by ...

Edit Storyline In the year a group of astronauts are sent to investigate and salvage the long lost starship Event Horizon.. Taglines: Infinite space - Infinite terror. Edit Did You Know? Trivia Paramount had originally planned to release Titanic in July , but when that film was plagued by delays, it had to be re-scheduled to December This left Paramount with a gap in its summer movie schedule, so they offered Event Horizon to Paul W.. Anderson on the condition that the film be ready for an August release. This meant that the movie was officially greenlit a mere 10 weeks before production was due to begin.. This had the unfortunate consequence that the production design was unnecessarily rushed, and it was the reason why many leading production designers turned the film down.. Goofs When a fully possessed Weir grabs Millers forehead and squeezes, blood seeps from Weirs fingers down Millers face and scratches are seen after he lets go.. But Weirs fingernails clearly never dig into his face ...

You are about to access hawking radiation... This document is available to read and download in PDF, TXT, ePub, PDB, RTF, FB2 format ...

At the middle of a black hole, there is a gravitational center called a singularity. It is impossible to see into it because the gravity prevents any light escaping. Around the tiny singularity, there is a large area where light which would normally pass by gets sucked in as well. The edge of this area is called the event horizon. The area beyond the event horizon is the black hole. The gravity of the black hole gets weaker at a distance. The event horizon is the place farthest away from the middle where the gravity is still strong enough to trap light. Outside the event horizon, light and matter will still be pulled toward the black hole. If a black hole is surrounded by matter, the matter will form an accretion disk (accretion means gathering) around the black hole. An accretion disk looks something like the rings of Saturn. As it gets sucked in, the matter gets very hot and shoots x-ray radiation into space. Think of this as the water spinning around the hole before it falls in. Most ...

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration, including scientists from MIT, received a 2020 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics for making the first direct detection of a black hole. Physics professor Max Metlitski and several MIT alumni are also receiving awards.

As always a very interesting read of all of the comments. The various theories and modeling that go into explaining a black hole and its singularity provide for great thought. The most interesting comment to me was that the event horizon was a gateway. I believe that this is the most important point that we can think about. The Event Horizon is for simplicity sake the point where the acceleration of gravity equals the speed of light. At this point doesnt the physics we accept say that time and space come to a stop and any mass goes infinite? So, once you move through this gateway trying to explain or understand what happens should not be considered as being associated with the physics we know on our side of the gateway. If mass is infinite and space ends how can any model or theory talk about having anything of any shape or mass anywhere past the event horizon? How about throwing this one out there; one of the comments talked about the event horizon having some type of thickness. Well, ...

As always a very interesting read of all of the comments. The various theories and modeling that go into explaining a black hole and its singularity provide for great thought. The most interesting comment to me was that the event horizon was a gateway. I believe that this is the most important point that we can think about. The Event Horizon is for simplicity sake the point where the acceleration of gravity equals the speed of light. At this point doesnt the physics we accept say that time and space come to a stop and any mass goes infinite? So, once you move through this gateway trying to explain or understand what happens should not be considered as being associated with the physics we know on our side of the gateway. If mass is infinite and space ends how can any model or theory talk about having anything of any shape or mass anywhere past the event horizon? How about throwing this one out there; one of the comments talked about the event horizon having some type of thickness. Well, ...

Watch Steins Gate - Season 1, Episode 11 - Dogma in Event Horizon: As the lab members prepare to transport human memories by way of a Time Leap, Okabe receives some highly disturbing news...

This book is about black holes, one of the most intriguing objects of modern Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics. For many years, black holes have been considered as interesting solutions of the theory of General Relativity with a number of amusing mathematical properties. Now after the discovery of astrophysical black holes, the Einstein gravity has become an important tool for their study.

KentuckyFC writes The critical concept that makes a black hole black is the event horizon: a theoretical boundary in space through which light and other objects can pass in one direction but not the other. Since light cannot escape the event horizon, it must be black. The event horizon is a nuisanc...

effective earth radius definition - A value utilized as the radius of the earth, as opposed to its geometrical radius. This is used to correct for atmospheric refraction when the index of ...

Most people have heard of the event horizon of a black hole, as the point of no return. But astronomically realistic black holes are more complex and should have two horizons, an outer and an inner. In the bizarre physics of black holes, time and space are exchanged when you cross an event horizon, but at a second horizon they would switch back again. Travelling into a black hole, you would therefore pass through a strange region where space is falling inward faster than light, before finally entering a zone of normal space at the core. It s this core of normal space which Professor Hamilton has been working on ...

The Search for Life can be a lot messier than it sounds. The three words make a nice, tidy title, but what it entails is extraordinarily difficult. How, in this vast galaxy, can we find life and the planets or moons that might host it? Were barely at the point of either discovering or ruling … Continue reading Searching for Phosphorus in Other Stars The post Searching for Phosphorus in Other Stars appeared first on Universe Today. More...

Imagine being able to peek inside a black hole and even perform experiments there. It may not be as far fetched as it sounds, thanks to a team which claims to have simulated a black holes event horizon in the lab. This could allow physicist to examine what happens to light on both sides of an event horizon -- a feat that is utterly impossible in astrophysics.

In this work we present a comparative study of three image deconvolution methods applied to fluorescence images of neural proteins. The purpose of this wor

A gravity well is only a model, the 3D plot of the gravity field strength (gravitational pull) of an object against the distance from said object, with said object being at the bottom of this well. This relationship is hyperbolic and the plot thus looks like a funnel. The plot for a black hole looks like a funnel with the walls becoming vertical and infinite at the diameter of the holes event horizon (a black hole has no physical surface or a diameter, what we commonly refer to as a black hole is its event horizon - the distance from the hole where the gravity is so strong that its escape velocity exceeds the speed of light) In laymans terms the depth and slope of this funnel are proportional to the gravity field strength of the object in question and the mass of the object, because gravity is determined by mass ...

During a warp jump, a ship is encased in a hollow event horizon with egosphere within. IE, an inverted black hole. As the craft flies through the cosmos, pretty much anything in front of it will begin to collect in the event horizon area in front of its vector. Its like a comet flying through the atmosphere. It collects the earths air in front and friction from this and the item creates heat and it burns up on reentry. Likewise,a craft in warp will collect the particles in front of it. Im not sure if it could take a chunk off a planet due to its sheer speed, but it would probably take a bit with it. Remember, at warp speed, youre in a bubble of space time being warped around you, so you really are a lot skinnier than you appear to the outside relativity. None the less, the crap around you collects ...

Narrator (April Hobart, CXC): Astronomers have made an important advance in the understanding of how clusters of stars like our Sun form using data from NASAs Chandra X-ray Observatory and infrared telescopes. The data show early notions of how star clusters are formed cannot be correct. The simplest idea is stars form into clusters when a giant cloud of gas and dust condenses. The center of the cloud pulls in material from its surroundings until it becomes dense enough to trigger star formation. This process occurs in the center of the cloud first, implying that the stars in the middle of the cluster form first and, therefore, are the oldest. These new results suggest something else is happening. By studying two clusters where Sun-like stars are forming - NGC 2024 (located in the center of the Flame Nebula) and the Orion Nebula Cluster - researchers have discovered the stars on the outskirts of the clusters are actually the oldest. The researchers will use this same technique of combining ...

The evolution of ocean temperature measurement systems is presented with a focus on the development and accuracy of two critical devices in use today (expendable bathythermographs and CTDs - conductivity-temperature-depth instruments used on Argo floats). A detailed discussion of the accuracy of these devices and a projection of the future of ocean temperature measurements are provided. The accuracy of ocean temperature measurements is discussed in detail in the context of ocean heat content, Earths energy imbalance, and thermosteric sea level rise. Up-to-date estimates are provided for these three important quantities. The total energy imbalance at the top-of-atmosphere is best assessed by taking an inventory of changes in energy storage. The main storage is in the ocean; the latest values of which are presented. Furthermore, despite differences in measurement methods and analysis techniques, multiple studies show that there has been a multi-decadal increase in the heat content of both the ...

Climate Science has emphasized the importance of monitoring the variability and trends of ocean heat content as the most appropriate and accurate way to assess global warming and cooling (i.e., the radiative imbalance of the global climate system); e.g., see Pielke Sr., R.A., 2003: Heat storage within the Earth system. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 84,…

Accurate knowledge of the location and magnitude of ocean heat content (OHC) variability and change is essential for understanding the processes that govern decadal variations in surface temperature,

Ocean Heat Content Reveals Secrets of Fish Migrations. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.

Title: Formation of Black Holes Imbedded in Galaxies: Neutrino Emission before the Event Horizon; Condensate vs Event Horizon BHs March 12 15 Gatornationals ...

I have mentioned the news aggregating website, Enenews.com, in previous blog posts. They continue to do a yeomans job in documenting the huge mass of radioactive contamination that has crossed the Pacific Ocean from the failed/exploded/melted down nuclear reactors at Fukushima, Japan and which is now right off the coast of North America. That radioactive contamination is now working its way up the food chain, killing marine life and other life dependent on the sea, such as sea birds. Its in the sea birds now, and as it works itself a little higher it will get more and more into the human population. Thats because the human race is the apex predator on this planet and the radioactive bio-accumulation in the food chain stops with the human digestive tract. The human gut is a radioactive dead end -- and this is where this is all going -- to your end -- literally. You eat radioactive food and you will defecate radioactive excrement. Your butt will be radioactive. Colon cancer is a very painful ...

The editorial begins by talking about the new look of Signs & Portents, at least once Id peered at small type on a dark background to actually read it! Overall impression is that it is NOT an improvement, but I still hanker back to the portrait layout abandoned after issue # 26. So, on to more important matters like the content.. First up, a new DVD review column by Bryan Steele, someone who shares with most role-players a tendency to contemplate how that film or TV show might translate into a game... He looks at Doom, Event Horizon, Legend and The Scorpion King; and as well as summarising content without spoilers, relates the usefulness of the film as inspiration for role-playing very well. (My Traveller players have already met Event Horizon by the way!). Next is Ghost of a Chance, a RuneQuest scenario by Carl Walmsley. Strange creatures invading town and the ghost of a sorcerer whos been dead for 10 years trigger the need for someone to sort it all out. It is a neat if basic adventure ...

One of the most interesting memories I have from those days is that I had been over to the Rota and Cádiz region, which was then, and still is a major naval center for the Spanish and USSA militaries. I spent the night in a cheap hostel, and since there was nothing to do, I went out and just walked through the town. It was a chilly evening, with a biting wind whipping in off the sea. At the time, I was wearing a long, knee-length, naval officers pea coat with gold-colored, metal buttons. It was my winter coat. I had bought it for a couple of dollars in a military surplus store. It was the real thing and very warm. Due to the uncertainty surrounding the transpiring events in the Spanish Sahara and the possibility of military conflict with Morocco over that territory, the Spanish navy had mobilized a lot of sailors and marines and stationed them on ships riding at anchor in the harbor. It was the weekend and the fleet had been given shore leave. The side walks were choked with thousands of ...

Robert Marsh (Investigator), Maike Sonnewald Local climate is significantly affected by changes in the oceanic heat content on a range of timescales. This variability is driven by heat fluxes from both the atmosphere and the ocean. In the Atlantic the meridional overturning circulation is the main contributor to the oceanic meridional heat transport for latitudes south of about 50? N. The RAPID project has been successfully monitoring the Atlantic meridional overturning at 26? N since 2004. This study demonstrates how this data can be used to estimate the basin-wide ocean heat content in the upper 800 m between 26? N to 36? N. Traditionally the atmosphere is seen to dominate the ocean heat content variability. However, previous studies have looked at smaller areas in the Gulf Stream region, finding that the ocean dominates deseasoned fluctuations of ocean heat content, while studies of the whole North Atlantic region suggest that the atmosphere may be dominant. In our study we use a box-model to ...

Abstract. There is mounting evidence that resolving mesoscale eddies and western boundary currents as well as topographically controlled flows can play an important role in air-sea interaction associated with vertical and lateral transports of heat and salt. Here we describe the development of the Met Office Global Coupled Model version 2 (GC2) with increased resolution relative to the standard model: the ocean resolution is increased from 1/4 to 1/12° (28 to 9 km at the Equator), the atmosphere resolution increased from 60 km (N216) to 25 km (N512) and the coupling period reduced from 3 hourly to hourly. The technical developments that were required to build a version of the model at higher resolution are described as well as results from a 20-year simulation. The results demonstrate the key role played by the enhanced resolution of the ocean model: reduced sea surface temperature (SST) biases, improved ocean heat transports, deeper and stronger overturning circulation and a stronger Antarctic ...

1] Recent paleoproxy records suggest that the mean latitude of the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) varied synchronously with North Atlantic climate over a range of timescales throughout the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum. We show that the present-day meridional mode of atmosphere-ocean variability in the tropical Atlantic is a potentially useful model for understanding these paleoclimate changes. The tropical Atlantic in a coupled atmospheric general circulation and slab ocean model responds to Last Glacial Maximum conditions with a southward displacement of the ITCZ. This response arises primarily through the land ice sheet that forces increased North Atlantic trades analogous to the forcing on the present-day meridional mode. Changes to sea ice coverage and to ocean heat transport associated with a weakened Atlantic thermohaline circulation also cause a meridional mode response, though through different mechanisms. Our results highlight the potential for tropical Atlantic ...

Our Sun is much like other stars, and not an anomaly because of its magnetic poles that flip every 11 years, scientists said Thursday.

Recently, billionaires Richard Branson and Jeff Bezos used their wealth to loft their bodies upward by a tiny percentage of the Earths radius. This is not much to be proud of, since space is vast. The observable universe extends out to 1019 Earth radii, and the only way to respect our cosmic insignificance is not to show off, but rather to stay modest. It was presumptuous of us to send the Golden Record on the Voyager mission. Most likely, extraterrestrials do not care about our cultural accomplishments since we must seem to them as one more species of ant among many similar ants that have surfaced on the sidewalk of the Milky Way galaxy.. We can be proud of our limited accomplishments only by restricting attention to our local neighborhood. My daughters were very proud of themselves when they were young and stayed at home, because the only people they knew were their immediate family members. On their first day at kindergarten, they suffered a psychological shock upon meeting kids with ...

Large scale coherent structures in electron heat transport of both core and edge plasmas are clearly found in plasma with a nonlocal transport phenomenon (NTP, a core electron temperature rise in response to an edge cooling) on Large Helical Device (LHD). At the onset of the NTP, a first order transition of the electron heat transport, which is characterized by a discontinuity of electron temperature gradient, is found to take place over a wide region (at least 6 cm wide) in the periphery of the plasma. At about the same time, over a wide region (about 10 cm wide) of the plasma core, a second order transition of the electron heat transport, which is characterized by a discontinuity of the time derivative of the electron temperature gradient, appears. The both large scale coherent structures are of a scale larger than a typical micro-turbulent eddy size (a few mm in this case). In order to assess dynamic characteristics of the electron heat transport state in the core region during the NTP, a ...

Recent studies have suggested that global mean surface temperature would remain approximately constant on multi-century timescales after CO2 emissions1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 are stopped. Here we use Earth system model simulations of such a stoppage to demonstrate that in some models, surface temperature may actually increase on multi-century timescales after an initial century-long decrease. This occurs in spite of a decline in radiative forcing that exceeds the decline in ocean heat uptake-a circumstance that would otherwise be expected to lead to a decline in global temperature. The reason is that the warming effect of decreasing ocean heat uptake together with feedback effects arising in response to the geographic structure of ocean heat uptake10, 11, 12 overcompensates the cooling effect of decreasing atmospheric CO2 on multi-century timescales. Our study also reveals that equilibrium climate sensitivity estimates based on a widely used method of regressing the Earths energy imbalance ...

recently. The local Jews accompanied him.The visitor asked though his interpreter, what was going on. After getting their explanation he commented that it seemed the sun god was not accepting their offering, because the water fell back to the pond when they threw it up as an offering.The Hindu priests asked what could happen differently. Then the visiting Jewish holy man told them that he could throw the water as a supplication to the living God who is the creator of sun and all the other celestial stars, and his God would accept it.As the priests gave permission, he got down to the pond and worshipped God in the name of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, and then threw the water up in to the air, and to all present it seemed the water drops remained suspended in the air.The visitor explained to the Hindu priests that he was Thomas, one of the Disciples of Christ. He further told them that Jesus was the incarnation of God, the father.The convinced priests accepted baptism from the hands of the Apostle ...

Hubble Probes the Archeology of Our Milky Ways Ancient Hub A new analysis of about 10,000 normal Sun-like stars in the Milky Ways bulge reveals that our galaxys hub is a dynamic environment of variously aged stars zipping around at different speeds. This conclusion is based on nine years worth of arch.... - Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). America Astronomical Society Meeting, Jan-2018. Embargo expired on 11-Jan-2018 at 10:15 ET ...

Given local and transient influences on surface height, the values defined below are based on a general purpose model, refined as globally precisely as possible within 5 m (16 ft) of reference ellipsoid height, and to within 100 m (330 ft) of mean sea level (neglecting geoid height). Additionally, the radius can be estimated from the curvature of the Earth at a point. Like a torus, the curvature at a point will be greatest (tightest) in one direction (north-south on Earth) and smallest (flattest) perpendicularly (east-west). The corresponding radius of curvature depends on the location and direction of measurement from that point. A consequence is that a distance to the true horizon at the equator is slightly shorter in the north/south direction than in the east-west direction. In summary, local variations in terrain prevent defining a single precise radius. One can only adopt an idealized model. Since the estimate by Eratosthenes, many models have been created. Historically, these models ...

In order to calculate the mean transit time of tissue, such as brain, from dynamic computed tomography performed after a bolus injection of intravenous contrast material, the time dependence of the input of contrast material to the tissue must be deconvolved from the observed time course of the ti …

J. A. Marck/J.-P. Luminet Improvements in computer power and software brought vivid new images. This gallery shows a nonrotating black hole and its accretion disk from various angles. Their 5 nights of observing produced 4 petabytes of data. If that amount of data was music stored as MP3s, it would take 8000 years to play. The team has spent the past 2 years correlating, calibrating, and interpreting the data and they are now preparing to show us the results.If the EHT has an image, it may reveal the shadow of the black holes event horizon, the point of no return for anything falling in toward the black hole, against a backdrop of the bright swirl of gas in orbit around it. The size of that shadow and the shape of the swirling gas, lensed by the holes gravity, will help confirm many theories about these enigmatic objects.As we wait for this weeks announcement, Science spoke with someone who has spent much of his career imagining what black holes might look like. In February, in anticipation ...

I read that light can orbit a black hole just outside the event horizon. Is this true? If it is true and light orbits for a long enough time, would you be ab...

Ive been rethinking Interstellar of late, especially in light of Kip Thornes The Science of Interstellar. A lot of my science objections were actually explained away in terms that made sense… but only in light of facts that were not presented on screen. The fall past the event horizon? Obvious nonsense, nothing could survive the tidal stresses… till you find out the black hole is a two Hundred MILLION solar mass monster (somewhat counter intuitively, those are safer to approach than itty-bitty one solar mass black holes). Maneuvering in close? Far beyond the delta-V capability of the ship… till its explained that the ship does a slingshot maneuver - offscreen - around a 10,000 solar mass black hole in a convenient orbit around the big one. Stuff like that. Kinda cheating, but I guess it mostly works.. But one thing that still bugs me: once again, spaceflight is depicted as depressing, and the reason for the spaceflight is depicted as depressing. Its not as uplifting as it should be. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Nonlinear damping of oscillations in tidal-capture binaries. AU - Kumar, Pawan. AU - Goodman, Jeremy. PY - 1996/1/1. Y1 - 1996/1/1. N2 - We calculate the damping of quadrupole f- and low-order g-modes (primary modes) by nonlinear coupling to other modes of the star. Primary modes destabilize high-degree g-modes of half their frequency (daughter modes) by 3-mode coupling in radiative zones. For Sun-like stars, the growth time ≡η-1 ≈ 4E0.42-1/2 days, where E0,42 is the initial energy of the primary mode in units of 1042 ergs, and the number of daughter modes N ∼ 1010E0,425/4. The growth rate is approximately equal to the angular frequency of the primary mode times its dimensionless radial amplitude, δR/R* ≈ 0.002E0,421/2. Although the daughter modes are limited by their own nonlinearities, collectively they absorb most of the primary modes energy after a time ∼10η-1 provided E0 , 1040 ergs. This is orders of magnitude smaller than usual radiative damping time. In ...

Fourth it is not clear (to me anyway) whether centripetal acceleration and angular velocity even work the same way at the bottom of a gravity well dense enough to affect the passage of time. I presume relativity means they have the same relationship regardless of our frame of reference. But radial velocity is inversely proportionate to time and centripetal acceleration is inversely proportional to the square of time, so what properties of the relationship does relativity preserve and what do they mean relative to one another as the swarzchild radius or event horizon is approached ...

Our idea is that quantum effects build up right at the event horizon (the bubbles surface), leading to a phase transition. This in turn creates a gravitational repulsive force inside the bubble that prevents the surface from collapsing. This repulsive force is the same dark energy force believed to cause the expansion of the universe. We call these objects Gravitational Condensate Stars or Gravastars- celestial objects that would be compact, cold and dark, and look to astrophysicists just like black holes, although they are not holes at all. Our hypothesis does not contradict the conservation of information because there is no infinite crushing of space and time inside a Gravastar, and information is never destroyed ...

The paradox is resolved when a careful distinction is made between particle number and energy density. When the observer approaches the horizon, the notion of a well-defined particle number loses its meaning at the wavelengths of interest in the Hawking radiation; the observer is inside the particles. We need not, therefore, worry about the observer encountering an infinite number of particles. On the other hand, energy does have a local significance. In this case, however, although the Hawking flux does diverge as the horizon is approached, so does the static vacuum polarization, and the latter is negative. The falling observer cannot distinguish operationally between the energy flux due to oncoming Hawking radiation and that due to the fact that he is sweeping through the cloud of vacuum polarization. The net result is to cancel the divergence on the event horizon, and yield a finite result ...

Genetics and Windsurfing builds music around negative space - you dont have to listen very closely to realize that youre in the vicinity of an actual black hole, and whatever sound Daniel Jasniewski, the man behind the Genetics, decides to issue from his computery bank of beats and effects and samples and other neat stuff is soon obliterated from immediate time and space by the presence of the celestial object. As soon as a note or sample or beat is triggered, its immediately jerked backward at the speed of light, disappearing into the singularitys sheer gravity. Even when it seems like some tones are about to escape and shoot off like sentient aurora borealises and cause whatever mischief theyre capable of causing, that black hole - Ol Sucky, as our primitive ancestors used to call it - reels them back until theyre no longer perceivable beyond the event horizon ...

First time accepted submitter JoshuaZ writes Astronomers have found an unusual small star. SDSS J102915+172927 is a small faint star with very little of any elements other than hydrogen or helium. The stars composition is surprising (Pdf) since standard theories of star formation require heavier...

A promise made is a debt unpaid. ~Robert Service. Chance favors the prepared mind. ~Louis Pasteur. Not long ago a request came down from above for a list of Chandra's achievements that have completely transformed the way we have viewed our world, solar system, sun, or universe.. In other words, how many discoveries of the century have you made this year?. In a bow to David Letterman, or the decimal system, or other lists of ten that you can easily summon up, Chandra Project Scientist Martin Weisskopf submitted a list of Chandras top ten which would probably fall beyond the event horizon, never to be seen again. Not really, because it appears below, and being an environmentally conscious group, we will likely recycle the list several times before the next request requires generation of a new list which will be similar, but not identical to previous lists because real progress is being made.. Chandra's Top Ten (As of January 2011, not necessarily in order of importance). 1. Deep field ...

Going back to the acceleration example, an observer whose worldline is that hyperbola experiences constant proper acceleration of c2/b, and determines that there is an apparent horizon at a distance of b behind her. This horizon behaves pretty much the same as the event horizon of a black hole: nothing, not even light, can cross it towards the observer and something dropped by the observer towards the horizon takes an infinite time to reach it according to the accelerating observer ...

The Exoplanets plugin plots the position of stars with exoplanets. Exoplanets data is derived from The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. List of potential habitable exoplanets and data about them were taken from The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog by Planetary Habitability Laboratory.. Exoplanets Catalog. The exoplanets catalog is stored on the disk in JSON format, in a file named exoplanets.json. A default copy is embedded in the plug-in at compile time. A working copy is kept in the user data directory.. Configuration. The plug-ins configuration data is stored in Stellariums main configuration file (section [Exoplanets]). ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Constraints on long-period planets from an L′- and M-band survey of nearby sun-like stars. T2 - Modeling results. AU - Heinze, A. N.. AU - Hinz, Philip M.. AU - Kenworthy, Matthew. AU - Meyer, Michael. AU - Sivanandam, Suresh. AU - Miller, Douglas. PY - 2010. Y1 - 2010. N2 - We have carried out an L′- and M-band adaptive optics (AO) extrasolar planet imaging survey of 54 nearby, Sun-like stars using the Clio camera at the MMT. Our survey concentrates more strongly than all others to date on very nearby F, G, and K stars, in that we have prioritized proximity higher than youth. Our survey is also the first to include extensive observations in the M band, which supplemented the primary L′ observations. These longer-wavelength bands are most useful for very nearby systems in which low-temperature planets with red IR colors (i.e., H - L′, H - M) could be detected. The survey detected no planets, but set interesting limits on planets and brown dwarfs in the star systems we ...

by P. LaViolette. The Event Horizon Telescope array was built to give us our best view of the Galactic core. On Wednesday the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration will announce their first findings on what the Galactic core looks like. I believe that what they see with the telescope will be very different from what they expect based on black hole theory. Below I will restate some of the predictions of what to expect based on subquantum kinetics.. Depending on the resolution of the telescope, I believe the following things will be seen:. 1) Cosmic rays and gas will be seen coming directly towards us. In reality, this outflow would be isotropic, but we would only see the part coming towards us at relativistic speeds. I first commented on this at the 2000 AAS meeting in Atlanta: https://starburstfound.org/findings-validate-radial-model-galactic-center-cosmic-ray-propagation/.. 2) The region inside the event horizon will be luminous since photons and cosmic rays will be escaping, although ...

We present the detection of five planets-Kepler-62b, c, d, e, and f-of size 1.31, 0.54, 1.95, 1.61 and 1.41 Earth radii (R[subscript ⊕]), orbiting a K2V star at periods of 5.7, 12.4, 18.2, 122.4, and 267.3 days, respectively. The outermost planets, Kepler-62e and -62f, are super-Earth-size (1.25 R[subscript ⊕] , planet radius ≤ 2.0 R[subscript ⊕]) planets in the habitable zone of their host star, respectively receiving 1.2 ± 0.2 times and 0.41 ± 0.05 times the solar flux at Earths orbit. Theoretical models of Kepler-62e and -62f for a stellar age of ~7 billion years suggest that both planets could be solid, either with a rocky composition or composed of mostly solid water in their bulk ...

Abstract: We embark on a detailed study of the lightcurves of Keplers most Earth-like exoplanet host stars using the full length of Kepler data. We derive rotation periods, photometric activity indices, flaring energies, mass loss rates, gyrochronological ages, X-ray luminosities and consider implications for the planetary magnetospheres and habitability. Furthermore, we present the detection of superflares in the lightcurve of Kepler-438, the exoplanet with the highest Earth Similarity Index to date. Kepler-438b orbits at a distance of 0.166AU to its host star, and hence may be susceptible to atmospheric stripping. Our sample is taken from the Habitable Exoplanet Catalogue, and consists of the stars Kepler-22, Kepler-61, Kepler-62, Kepler-174, Kepler-186, Kepler-283, Kepler-296, Kepler-298, Kepler-438, Kepler-440, Kepler-442, Kepler-443 and KOI-4427, between them hosting 15 of the most habitable transiting planets known to date from Kepler ...

We model Milky Way like isolated disk galaxies in high resolution three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations with the adaptive mesh refinement code Enzo. The model galaxies include a dark matter halo and a disk of gas and stars. We use a simple implementation of sink particles to measure and follow collapsing gas, and simulate star formation as well as stellar feedback in some cases. We investigate two largely different realizations of star formation. Firstly, we follow the classical approach to transform cold, dense gas into stars with an fixed efficiency. These kind of simulations are known to suffer from an overestimation of star formation and we observe this behavior as well. Secondly, we use our newly developed FEARLESS approach to combine hydrodynamical simulations with a semi-analytic modeling of unresolved turbulence and use this technique to dynamically determine the star formation rate. The subgrid-scale turbulence regulated star formation simulations point towards largely smaller ...

Kepler 22-b: Earth-like planet confirmed Astronomers have confirmed the existence of an Earth-like planet in the habitable zone around a star not unlike our own. The planet, Kepler 22-b, lies about 600 light-years away and is about 2.4 times the size of Earth, and has a temperature of about 22C. It is the closest confirmed…

In a newly published study, astronomers from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics counted up the new stars in RCW106 and five other local regions of active star formation to check the reliability of estimating star formation rates in other galaxies by measuring their gas content and infrared emission.. Our Milky Way galaxy produces on average a few new stars every year across the entire system. Massive young stars emit large amounts of ultraviolet radiation which heats the local dust, and so the star formation process results in infrared emission. The IRAS satellite, launched by NASA in 1983 for a ten-month mission, discovered that some galaxies in the universe are ultra-luminous, radiating a hundred or even a thousand times as much light, mostly in the infrared, as does the Milky Way. Astronomers today attribute the source of that intense luminosity to massive bursts of star formation, simply scaled-up versions (called the Schmidt relation) of the processes in the Milky Way. The ...

A paper co-authored by University of Hawaii at Manoa astronomer Andrew Howard and visiting graduate student Erik Petigura has won the Cozzarelli Prize from the National Academy of Sciences. This prize recognizes six outstanding papers in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the major scientific disciplines covered by that journal. Their paper titled The prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars was judged the top paper in the physical and mathematical sciences in 2013.. Petigura, Howard, and University of California, Berkeley professor Geoffrey Marcy statistically determined that twenty percent of sun-like stars in our galaxy have Earth-size planets with surface temperatures that could support liquid water. The findings, gleaned from data collected from NASAs Kepler spacecraft and the W. M. Keck Observatory, satisfied Keplers primary mission: a determination of the fraction of stars in our galaxy with potentially habitable planets.. What this means is, when ...

The Herschel space observatory has discovered water vapor in a pre-stellar core in the constellation of Taurus known as Lynds 1544. This is the first detection of water vapor in a molecular cloud on the verge of star formation.. ESAs Herschel space observatory has discovered enough water vapor to fill Earths oceans more than 2000 times over, in a gas and dust cloud that is on the verge of collapsing into a new Sun-like star.. Stars form within cold, dark clouds of gas and dust - pre-stellar cores - that contain all the ingredients to make solar systems like our own.. Water, essential to life on Earth, has previously been detected outside of our Solar System as gas and ice coated onto tiny dust grains near sites of active star formation, and in proto-planetary discs capable of forming alien planetary systems.. The new Herschel observations of a cold pre-stellar core in the constellation of Taurus known as Lynds 1544 are the first detection of water vapor in a molecular cloud on the verge of ...

Scientists recently upgraded the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) by installing an ultraprecise atomic clock at ALMAs Array Operations Site, home to the observatorys supercomputing correlator. This upgrade will eventually allow ALMA to synchronize with a worldwide network of radio astronomy facilities collectively known as the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT).

Most of the exoplanets we know of were found by the Kepler mission. While Kepler did find a few exoplanets with orbital periods longer than 100 days, they are more difficult to confirm. Also, since the transit method only tells us the size of a planet relative to its star, the Kepler data doesnt let us determine a planets mass. This is particularly troublesome for Jupiter-sized planets. Because the weight of a large planet causes it to compress more, a Jupiter-mass planet and a brown dwarf 30 times more massive can have roughly the same size. Determining the mass of these exoplanets is the goal of the Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass Survey, or the GOTEM Survey for short.. In this latest work, the team used a different way to study exoplanets known as the radial-velocity method. As a planet orbits its star, it tugs on the star gravitationally, causing the star to wobble slightly. When a star wobbles toward and away from us, the light of the star is shifted a bit to the blue and red in a ...

Astronomers at the University of Auckland claim that there are actually around 100 billion habitable, Earth-like planets in the Milky ...

Exo-S is a direct imaging space-based mission to discover and characterize exoplanets. With its modest size, Exo-S bridges the gap between census missions like Kepler and a future space-based flagship direct imaging exoplanet mission. With the ability to reach down to Earth-size planets in the habitable zones of nearly two dozen nearby stars, Exo-S is a powerful first step in the search for and identification of Earth-like planets. Compelling science can be returned at the same time as the technological and scientific framework is developed for a larger flagship mission. The Exo-S Science and Technology Definition Team studied two viable starshade-telescope missions for exoplanet direct imaging, targeted to the $1B cost guideline. The first Exo-S mission concept is a starshade and telescope system dedicated to each other for the sole purpose of direct imaging for exoplanets (The Starshade Dedicated Mission). The starshade and commercial, 1.1-m diameter telescope co-launch, sharing the same ...

Potentially habitable planets can orbit close enough to their host star that the differential gravity across their diameters can produce an elongated shape. Frictional forces inside the planet prevent the bulges from aligning perfectly with the host star and result in torques that alter the planets rotational angular momentum. Eventually the tidal torques fix the rotation rate at a specific frequency, a process called tidal locking. Tidally locked planets on circular orbits will rotate synchronously, but those on eccentric orbits will either librate or rotate super-synchronously. Although these features of tidal theory are well known, a systematic survey of the rotational evolution of potentially habitable exoplanets using classic equilibrium tide theories has not been undertaken. I calculate how habitable planets evolve under two commonly used models and find, for example, that one model predicts that the Earths rotation rate would have synchronized after 4.5 Gyr if its initial rotation period was 3

1 Earth and Planetary Science Letters 208, (2003) The Search for Extrasolar Earth-like Planets S. Seager Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC,

Strategic Explorations of Exoplanets and Disks with Subaru (SEEDS) is a multi-year survey that used the Subaru Telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii in an effort to directly image extrasolar planets and protoplanetary/debris disks around several hundred nearby stars.[1] Near-infrared imaging was carried out using the AO188 Adaptive Optics System[2] and HiCIAO high-contrast imaging instrument.[3][4][5] The survey is headquartered at National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) and led by Principal Investigator Motohide Tamura. The survey team includes over a hundred members from dozens of institutes around the world. Observations began in late October 2009, and finished in early January 2015. The goals of the survey are to address the following key issues in exoplanet∕disk science: (1) the detection and census of exoplanets in the outer circumstellar regions around stars, (2) the evolution of protoplanetary and debris disks including their morphological diversity, and (3) the link between ...

For the first time, scientists have discovered an Earth-size alien planet in the habitable zone of its host star, an Earth cousin that just might have liquid water and the right conditions for life. The newfound planet, called Kepler-186f, was first spotted by NASAs Kepler space telescope

A team of scientists using an observatory in Chile have discovered an Earth-like planet at a distance of 11 light years. The discovery of the Ross 12...

Earth is four and a half billion years old. On the timescale of the universe, that makes it a youngster. The earliest planets probably were born more than eight billion years earlier - when the universe was only about one billion years old.. One of the oldest planets yet discovered orbits a pair of dead stars. The system is known as PSR B1620-26. Its in an ancient star cluster thats more than 12,000 light-years away.. The planet is bigger than Jupiter, the giant of our own solar system. And it has an interesting history.. It probably was born around a Sun-like star. The system zipped through the densely packed center of the star cluster. There, it passed close to a binary - two stars locked in orbit around each other. One member of the system was a neutron star - the corpse of an exploded star. In a complex gravitational dance, the neutron star changed partners. It grabbed the Sun-like star and its planet, and kicked out its original companion.. Later, the planets original star reached the ...

The Exoplanet research group at UCL is highly cross disciplinary, with several members working in both exoplanets and other fields. Below you can find a list of the group members and the main Exoplanets projects and grants.

It would seem that there could be several misconceptions here, probably of the author. The information can make sense is interpreted right.. It makes sense a quasar could blow out the gas and dust away from the galaxy, cleaning house and eliminating the raw materials necessary for the creation of new stars. However, there are still old stars there and if the quasar phase lasts a shorter time than the lifetime of supermassive stars - a few million years, then there will be those large stars that go supernova, and smaller stars that ejected planetary nebulae and solar wind particles from most all stars that will reseed the galaxy with star froming material. Its then probable that the material will gravitationally clump and be pushed this way and that by additional supernovae and reestablish star formation, at least in the disk of the spiral galaxy.. Note that the milky way - our galaxy has about a 3.7million solar mass BH. It has globular clusters in the halo that appear to be about 10 billion ...

Abstract: The Doppler wobble induced by the extra-solar planet HD 134987b was first detected by data from the Keck Telescope nearly a decade ago, and was subsequently confirmed by data from the Anglo-Australian Telescope. However, as more data have been acquired for this star over the years since, the quality of a single Keplerian fit to that data has been getting steadily worse. The best fit single Keplerian to the 138 Keck and AAT observations now in hand has an root-mean-square (RMS) scatter of 6.6 m/s. This is significantly in excess of both the instrumental precision achieved by both the Keck and Anglo-Australian Planet Searches for stars of this magnitude, and of the jitter expected for a star with the properties of HD134987. However, a double Keplerian (i.e. dual planet) fit delivers a significantly reduced RMS of 3.3 m/s. The best-fit double planet solution has minimum planet masses of 1.59 and 0.82Mjup, orbital periods of 258 and 5000d, and eccentricities of 0.23 and 0.12 respectively. ...

A Black Hole is a region of space in which the gravitational field is so powerful that nothing can escape after it has past the event horizon of the Black Hole. The reason it is called a Black hole is that even light is unable to escape it. Black holes can be detected, when a black hole interacts with matter out-side of the event horizon a large amount of radiation emits from it. Black holes are currently understood by Einsteins general theory of relativity, which was formed in 1916. The idea of an object with a gravitational pull strong enough to prevent light escaping from it was first thought of in the 18th century. Einsteins theory predicts that when a large enough amount of mass is present within a sufficiently small region of space, all paths through space are warped inwards towards the center of the volume, forcing all matter and radiation to fall inward. While general relativity describes a black hole as a region of empty space with a pointlike singularity at the center and an event ...

Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen are the three most abundant elements in the Galaxy after hydrogen and helium. Whereas hydrogen and helium were created in the Big Bang, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen arise from nucleosynthesis in stars. Of particular interest1,2 are the isotopic ratios 12C/13C, 14N/15N and 16O/17O because they are effective tracers of nucleosynthesis and help to benchmark the chemical processes that occurred in primitive interstellar material as it evolved into our Solar System3. However, the origins of the rare isotopes 15N and 17O remain uncertain, although novae and very massive stars that explode as supernovae are postulated4-6 to be the main sources of 15N. Here we report millimetre-wavelength observations of the young bipolar planetary nebula K4-47 that indicate another possible source for these isotopes. We identify various carbon-bearing molecules in K4-47 that show that this object is carbon-rich, and find unusually high enrichment in rare carbon (13C), oxygen (17O) and nitrogen (15N)

Finally, I will briefly discuss plans for future characterization of the M dwarf planetary population using a combination of precise RVs, high dimensional nonparametric techniques, and estimates of TESS occurrence rates for planets orbiting M dwarfs. By simultaneously fitting 4-5 dimensions (planetary mass, radius, period, stellar mass, stellar metallicity, etc.) using these flexible nonparametric methods, we hope to search for trends in the sample that can give clues about the validity of different formation mechanisms. For example: i) simultaneously probing the changes in the radius valley as a function of stellar mass, metallicity, insolation flux, etc., to help distinguish between core powered mass loss and photoevaporation ii) Giant planets orbiting M dwarfs - bridging the gap between the long period RV planets and the short period transiting planets. The former shows a weaker correlation with metallicity that hints at disk instability as a potential formation mechanism. On the contrary, ...

Kepler-78b is most similar to Earth in mass, diameter and composition; it could be made of rock with an iron core. But its no Earth analog, whizzing around its star in 8.5 hours, with temperatures exceeding 2,000° Celsius (SN Online: 10/30/13).. 2. The wettest. HR 8799cs atmosphere lacks methane, which could signal life, but does have water and carbon monoxide (SN: 4/6/13, p. 5). Water has also been found in the atmospheres of WASP-17b, HD209458b, WASP-12b, WASP-19b and XO-1b. 3. The rogue. Planetary candidate PSO J318.5-22 has no parent star. The object is roughly six times the mass of Jupiter, has features similar to other directly imaged exoplanets, including HR 8799c, but floats through space all alone (SN Online: 10/9/13).. 4. The runt. Kepler-37b is the littlest planet found to date. At 3,860 kilometers across, the exoplanet is about 30 percent of the diameter of Earth or 80 percent the width of Mercury (SN Online: 2/20/13).. ...

NGC 7048 is a planetary nebula in the constellation of Cygnus. The bright star to the lower left of the nebula is a magnitude 10.5 star, designated TYC 3589-4652-1. The nebula is slightly brighter along the west and east sides. This planetary nebula has an apparent magnitude of 12.1. NGC 7048 was discovered by Édouard Stephan on 19 October 1878 using a 31.5-inch reflector. The central star of NGC 7048 is though to be a white dwarf. The planetary nebula itself has an elliptical shape; from its low surface brightness it is thought to be highly evolved. Massaro, F.; Giroletti, M.; dAbrusco, R.; Masetti, N.; Paggi, A.; Cowperthwaite, Philip S.; Tosti, G.; Funk, S. (2014). The Low-Frequency Radio Catalog of Flat-Spectrum Sources. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 213: 3. arXiv:1503.03483 . Bibcode:2014ApJS..213....3M. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/213/1/3. Stanghellini, Letizia; Shaw, Richard A.; Villaver, Eva (2008). The Magellanic Cloud Calibration of the Galactic Planetary Nebula Distance ...

Friends,. A press release from NASA/ESA announces a newly discovered exoplanet system of 7 Earth-sized exoplanets aroung Trappist-1. Three of those exoplanets are in the stars habitable zone. Exoplanets are everywhere!!. Heres the full text of the press release:. http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1706/. Best wishes - clear skies,. Stella.. ...

The exploration of extrasolar planets is an exploding research area in astronomy. Sixteen years after the first detection of an exoplanet around a solar-type star, more than 1000 objects have been detected. While the first detections were achieved by the radial velocimetry technique, more and more exoplanets (presently over 400) have been identified through the transit method, using both ground-based surveys and dedicated space missions. Following the pioneering work of CoRoT, the Kepler mission has reached a major achievement in the detection of transiting planets, identifying thousands of possible candidates and opening the possibility of detecting super-Earths in the habitable zone of their host stars [1].. These new discoveries have made possible the development of a new research field, the spectroscopic characterization of the exoplanets atmospheres. In the first step, primary transits were considered, when the planet crosses the star in front of it. The absorbed light of the planetary ...

March 16, 2017: Dr. Karen Collins (Vanderbilt University) has requested ground-based, follow-up observations of recently discovered exoplanet Proxima Centauri b. This exoplanet is a suspected Earth-size planet orbiting in the habitable zone of our nearest stellar neighbor, Proxima Centauri (V645 Cen). There exists a rough ephemeris of this target based on radial velocity measurements, so the predicted mid-transit times can vary +/- 6 hours. Therefore, it is requested that observations be as long as possible. ...

We help find and understand planets outside of our solar system. Our sponsored exoplanet hunters develop new telescope technologies to search for Earth-like planets around other stars.

Astronomers are excited by the discovery, which suggests that some of these exoplanets - planets around stars other than the sun - could support life and may be awash in oceans.

Exoplanets can be detected from a time series of stellar spectra by looking for small, periodic shifts in the absorption features that are consistent with Doppler shifts caused by the presence of an exoplanet, or multiple exoplanets, in the system. While hundreds of large exoplanets have already been discovered with the Doppler technique (also called radial velocity), our goal is to improve the measurement precision so that many Earth-like planets can be detected. The smaller mass and longer period of true Earth analogues require the ability to detect a reflex velocity of ~10 cm/s over long time periods. Currently, typical astronomical spectrographs calibrate using either Iodine absorptive cells or Thorium Argon lamps and achieve ~10 m/s precision, with the most stable spectrographs pushing down to ~2 m/s. High velocity precision is currently achieved at HARPS by controlling the thermal and pressure environment of the spectrograph. These environmental controls increase the cost of the ...

will focus on the physics of star formation in galaxies,including the Milky Way, nearby galaxies, and galaxies at high-z. This meeting will bring together leading researchers on star formation, galactic and extragalactic, observational and theoretical, to discuss current issues in the field. Our aim is to provide a framework and an environment that supports and encourages interactions between researchers on star formation on different scales and in different environments. Formal talks will be limited to the morning sessions; the afternoons will consist of discussions both in breakout groups and as an assembled whole. The balance between invited talks (see Invited Speakers, below), contributed talks, poster-viewing time, and group discussions (with discussion leaders to be designated) is designed to encourage participation on many levels, and to involve both senior and junior researchers.. Major scientific themes will include star formation on galactic scales, star formation within the Milky ...

The discovery and characterization of exoplanets have the potential to offer the world one of the most impactful findings ever in the history of astronomy-the identification of life beyond Earth. Life can be inferred by the presence of atmospheric biosignature gases-gases produced by life that can accumulate to detectable levels in an exoplanet atmosphere. Detection will be made by remote sensing by sophisticated space telescopes. The conviction that biosignature gases will actually be detected in the future is moderated by lessons learned from the dozens of exoplanet atmospheres studied in last decade, namely the difficulty in robustly identifying molecules, the possible interference of clouds, and the permanent limitations from a spectrum of spatially unresolved and globally mixed gases without direct surface observations. The vision for the path to assess the presence of life beyond Earth is being established. ...

If I had to describe myself to an alien Id say I was bigger than the average human, enjoy a drink or two with a good meal and have a bigger head than most. Id also say Im really handsome - especially if they were a female alien. -Dwayne Johnson The Earth, to the best of our knowledge, is the only inhabited world we have. The ingredients for life may be everywhere, from asteroids to nebulae to exoplanets and more, but so far, only Earth is confirmed to have life. While Earth-like planets around Sun-like stars at the right distance for liquid water on their surface might seem like the best… ...

In a message dated 95-08-20 23:27:07 EDT, [email protected] writes: ,Correct this subject does not belong here, but..... , Boy, Ill say!! ,It is extremely unlikely that there are other Earth-like planets out there ,(you need a super collison that forms a stablizing moon and a good spin rate ,and a resonable axial tilt PLUS gas giants to clear out the comets, and the ,last may be rare) , It all depends on how Earth-like you want a planet to be. An Earth-size planet with two smaller moons might develop a similar biosphere, or maybe it wouldnt. Who knows? There are QUADRILLIONS of stars out there, and we have only ONE solar system in our sample of well-known solar systems. Any comments on whats rare and whats common out there are grossly premature and outrageously speculative, to say the least. ,Any alien civilization will have long ago gone cyber, the idea they would ,send their original bioforms here is as silly as the Spanish sending chimps ,to the Americas , I can certainly imagine an alien ...

To put this into perspective, lets take a trip down memory lane all the way back to the glorious 20s and the glamorous studio system. Back in the day, stars were contractually obliged to have their images produced and managed directly by the studios. Studios paid close attention to keep their stars images in accordance with their on-screen characters to maintain continuity. In order to accomplish this, studios even set up interviews in which they specifically instructed their stars what to say and how to behave. So, the construction of a star image had to be carefully and specifically prepared in advance.. Ultimately, if the studios proposed a star that the audience did not want to see the movies in which those stars starred in would naturally flop. In this sense, the making of a star is kind of a democratic procedure - and even more so in social media. Eventually, the studios gave up this approach of carefully nourishing and producing stars, which lead to actors becoming responsible for their ...

Last November a private company, Uwingu, launched a fundraising contest in which participants could suggest names for exoplanets for 99 cents. The public could then vote on their favorites. This idea was endorsed by a number of astronauts and scientists, such as leading exoplanet discoverer Geoff Marcy, who said:

Do you want to be a planet-hunter? NASA has launched a new citizen science website called Planet Patrol where volunteers can help search for exoplanets in data from the TESS space telescope.

Submitted to ApJ Preprint typeset using L A TEX styleemulateapjv.08/13/06 THE CALIFORNIA PLANET SURVEY I. FOUR NEW GIANT EXOPLANETS 1 Andrew W. Howard 2,3,JohnAsherJohnson 4, Geoffrey W. Marcy 2, Debra

An evolved → hot star which is responsible for the ionization of a → planetary nebula. Planetary nebulae result from mass ejection by evolved stars undergoing violent instabilities. CSPNe are extremely hot, with → effective temperatures ranging from 30,000 to 120,000 K. They evolve rapidly toward the → white dwarf stage, while the planetary nebulae continue expanding with a small expansion velocity of about 25 km s-1, becoming progressively thinner and thus eventually invisible after some 104 years. The initial masses of these stars range from about 1 to 8 solar masses. CSPNe are not a homogeneous group and present a large variety of spectral characteristics. Many of CSPNe display emission lines, some of them with spectra resembling those of → WC Wolf-Rayet. Although superficially similar, they differ from classical W-R stars in their degenerate structure, much lower masses, a wider range of temperatures, and limitation almost exclusively to carbon-rich stars. Some CSPNe show → weak ...

Black holes are cosmic objects so small and dense that nothing, not even light, can escape their gravitational pull. Until recently, no one had ever seen what a black hole actually looked like. Einsteins theories predict that a distant observer should see a ring of light encircling the black hole, which forms when radiation emitted by infalling hot gas is lensed by the extreme gravity near the event horizon. The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a global array of radio dishes, linked together by a network of atomic clocks to form an Earth-sized virtual telescope that can resolve the.... Read more about New Vistas in Astronomy: Imaging a Black Hole ...

January 21, 2014. A team of researchers have directly imaged a very rare type of brown dwarf that can serve as a benchmark for studying objects with masses that lie between stars and planets.. Initial data came from the TRENDS (TaRgetting bENchmark-objects with Doppler Spectroscopy) high-contrast imaging survey that uses adaptive optics and related technologies to target older, faint objects orbiting nearby stars, and precise measurements were made at the W. M. Keck Observatory on the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Brown dwarfs emit little light because they do not burn hydrogen and cool rapidly.. Justin R. Crepp, the Freimann Assistant Professor of Physics at the University of Notre Dame, said they could provide a link between our understanding of low-mass stars and smaller objects such as planets. Read more ...

Author(s): Artigau, Etienne; Bernstein, Rebecca A; Brandt, Timothy; Chilcote, Jeffrey; Close, Laird; Crossfield, Ian; Delorme, Jacques-Robert; Dressing, Courtney; Fitzgerald, Michael P; Fortney, Jonathan; Howard, Andrew; Frazin, Richard; Jovanovic, Nemanja; Konopacky, Quinn; Lozi, Julien; Males, Jared R; Marois, Christian; Mazin, Benjamin A; Millar-Blanchaer, Max A; Morzinski, Katie M; Roberts, Lewis; Serabyn, Eugene; Vasisht, Gautam; Wallace, J Kent; Wang, Ji | Abstract: Direct detection, also known as direct imaging, is a method for discovering and characterizing the atmospheres of planets at intermediate and wide separations. It is the only means of obtaining spectra of non-transiting exoplanets. Characterizing the atmospheres of planets in the <5 AU regime, where RV surveys have revealed an abundance of other worlds, requires a 30-m-class aperture in combination with an advanced adaptive optics system, coronagraph, and suite of spectrometers and imagers - this concept underlies planned

Broadband Monitoring Tracing the Evolution of the Jet and Disk in the Black Hole Candidate X-ray Binary MAXI J1659-152, A. J. Horst, P. A. Curran, J. C. A. Miller-Jones, J. D. Linford, J. Gorosabel, D. M. Russell, A. de Ugarte Postigo, A. A. Lundgren, G. B. Taylor, D Maitra, S Guziy, T M. Belloni, C Kouveliotou, P G. Jonker, A Kamble, Z Paragi, J Homan, E Kuulkers, J Granot, D Altamirano, M M. Buxton, A Castro-Tirado, R P. Fender, M A. Garrett, N Gehrels, Dieter H. Hartmann, J A. Kennea, H A. Krimm, V Mangano, E Ramirez-Ruiz, P Romano, R.A.M.J. Wijers, R Wijnands, and Y J. Yang. ...