We applied chronic psychological stress by exposing European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to a previously validated chronic stress protocol (CSP) consisting of 4 different randomly applied stressors per day. Experimental design consisted of a 21 day CSP (CSP1), a 60 day recovery (R1), a second 14 day CSP (CSP2), and a second 30 day recovery (R2). Body weight decreased approximately 5% during CSP1,... read morebut overshot to 5-10% above initial body weight during R1. To investigate underlying mechanisms, we periodically measured corticosterone and 12 biochemical analytes, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine kinase (CK), bile acids (BA), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLOB), glucose (GLU), uric acid (UA), calcium (CA++), phosphorus (PHOS), potassium (K+), and sodium (NA+). AST and CK increased at the beginning of CSP1, suggesting muscle breakdown. Additionally, decreases in ALB and TP paired with stable UA, but no associated change in GLU, suggested protein ...

Starlings have a bad rap. This is perhaps almost entirely due to the Common Starling, a species that is, over much of its range, an introduced pest. If Common Starlings havent been introduced somewhere then Common Mynas almost certainly have, and they are also invasive and destructive little menaces, and by dint of taxonomic association, kin. Even where Common Starlings are not introduced, their homeland of Europe, they are hardly loved. Where the common Blue Tit or European Robin has won many people over, familiarity has bred for the starling nothing but contempt.. This is grossly unfair. Starlings and mynas are adaptable, attractive and clever species. And they have done well for themselves. One must travel to Africa and Asia to marvel at their diversity, and it is in Africa that you may come across one attractive species, the Red-winged Starling. Cape Town in South Africa is a great place to see this species, as like Common Starlings it is happy to associate with people and I was able to get ...

There is widespread concern over the impact of introduced species on biodiversity, but the magnitude of these impacts can be variable. Understanding the impact of an introduced species is essential for effective management. However, empirical evidence of the impact of an introduced species can be difficult to obtain, especially when the impact is through competition. Change in species abundance is often slow and gradual, coinciding with environmental change. As a result, negative impacts on native species through competition are poorly documented. An example of the difficulties associated with obtaining empirical evidence of impact due to competition comes from work on the Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis). The species is listed in the Worlds top 100 worst invaders, despite a lack of empirical evidence of its negative impacts on native species. We assessed the impact of the Common Myna on native bird abundance, using long-term data both pre and post its invasion. At the outset of our investigation, we

The use of demand curves to derive estimates of motivational strength is a popular method for measuring animals preferences for a range of different resources in applied animal behaviour research. In a typical experiment, an animal pays a gradually increasing cost (e.g. by pushing through a weighted door) in order to access a resource it wants or needs. The resulting demand curves are used to calculate several measures of the strength of the animals motivation to access the resource. We tested two assumptions that underlie the majority of applications of this approach: first, that animals have a fixed energy budget to spend on access to resources: and second, that the effect of price on demand is not greatly influenced by the order or magnitude of the price changes. Sixteen European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were trained to push through weighted doors to gain access to one of two resources, either a tray of turf, or protective foliage cover. In the first stage of the experiment reservation ...

We found that European Starlings can be infected with this virus when inoculated with relatively high doses, and we predict that infected birds excrete sufficient amounts of virus to transmit to other birds, including domestic chickens. Infected European Starlings showed no clinical signs or mortality after infection with H7N9. ...

IMPORTANT: In case of an upgrade from Starling Two-Factor RADIUS Agent 6.x to 7.3, you must connect to Starling as the Subscription key related provision is removed. Connect to Starling using the credentials that were used to create the Starling account. All configurations that were part of the earlier version of RADIUS Agent will be retained after the upgrade. For information on connecting to Starling, see Connecting Starling for authentication. ...

Free Juliet Starling wallpapers and Juliet Starling backgrounds for your computer desktop. Find Juliet Starling pictures and Juliet Starling photos on Desktop Nexus.

Starling Tucker, South Carolina congressman and general, was born in Halifax County, N.C. His father, William Willis (Billy) Tucker, whose will of 8 Nov. 1770 was probated at the February 1771 term of Halifax court, left all to Starlings mother, Priscilla Doyle Tucker. If she remarried, the estate was to be divided equally among her and the children: Martha, Mary, Starling, and Fanny. A witness, Henry Haws Tucker, may have been related. For a second husband Priscilla in time chose the Virginian Thomas Clark. Before the household moved to South Carolina at the end of the American Revolution, Starlings half-brother William was born.. Endowed with native intelligence but perhaps little formal education, Starling Tucker began farming the Mountain Creek (now Enoree) section of Laurens District (now County) near Tuckers Mill on Enoree River. The ambitious Tucker married Levinia Higgins on 8 Oct. 1789 and eventually owned land on both sides of the stream. The couple and as many as eleven neighboring ...

I was eating dinner outside in downtown St. Louis recently and observed a large flock of European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), known as a murmuration, select a group of trees in a nearby park for their nightly roosting spot. This is the time of year that Starlings finish raising their families and start living a more communal lifestyle, which will persist until the next spring breeding season.. A popular topic with customers at the store last winter was how to keep flocks of Starlings from eating all the food put out for the other backyard birds. This is a problem I WISH I had - I know that sounds strange. Starlings are my favorite bird, because I rescued a nestling nearly six years ago and raised her and adopted another one two years later. My Starlings Attila and Pooky are my beloved pets (as Im writing this I have one my arm and one on my shoulder) and because of them Ive done lot of reading about Starlings. I like to observe wild ones whenever I get the chance to see how their behavior ...

I was eating dinner outside in downtown St. Louis recently and observed a large flock of European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), known as a murmuration, select a group of trees in a nearby park for their nightly roosting spot. This is the time of year that Starlings finish raising their families and start living a more communal lifestyle, which will persist until the next spring breeding season.. A popular topic with customers at the store last winter was how to keep flocks of Starlings from eating all the food put out for the other backyard birds. This is a problem I WISH I had - I know that sounds strange. Starlings are my favorite bird, because I rescued a nestling nearly six years ago and raised her and adopted another one two years later. My Starlings Attila and Pooky are my beloved pets (as Im writing this I have one my arm and one on my shoulder) and because of them Ive done lot of reading about Starlings. I like to observe wild ones whenever I get the chance to see how their behavior ...

The view from the top of the hierarchy of evidence 1 Oct 2019. About five years ago I began doing meta-analyses. (If, as they say, you lose a tooth for every meta-analysis you conduct, I am now gumming my way through my food.) I was inspired by their growing role as the premier source of evidence in the health and behavioural sciences. Yes, I knew, individual studies are low-powered, depend on very specific methodological assumptions, and are often badly done; but I was impressed by the argument that if we systematically combine each of these imperfect little beams of light into one big one, we are sure to see clearly and discover The Truth. Meta-analysis was how I proposed to counter my mid-life epistemological crisis. I was therefore depressed to read a paper by John Ionnidis, he of Why most published research findings are false fame, on how the world is being rapidly filled up with redundant, mass produced, and often flawed meta-analyses. It is, he argues, the same old story of too much ...

Picture of A European Starling standing on a rock. Yellow beak indicating.. stock photo, images and stock photography.. Image 58302747.

Costs of reproduction are an integral and long-standing component of life-history theory, but we still know relatively little about the specific physiological mechanisms underlying these trade-offs. We experimentally manipulated workload during parental care in female European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) using attachment of radios and/or wing clipping and assessed measures of workload, current breeding productivity, future fecundity, and survival (local return rate) in relation to treatment. Females with wing clipping and radio attachment paid a clear cost of reproduction compared with all other treatment groups: they had lower future fecundity and lower return rates despite having lower current breeding productivity. We then measured 13 physiological traits, including measures of aerobic/metabolic capacity, oxidative stress and muscle damage, intermediary metabolism and energy supply, and immune function. Our results show that the cost of reproduction in females with wing clipping and radio ...

Burgess was born in Boston, Massachusetts on Christmas Day, December 25, the son of yacht designer Edward Burgess and Caroline Kitty Sullivant, a legendary beauty and the daughter of William Starling Sullivant, an eminent natural scientist. Both of Burgess parents died within weeks of each other when he was 12, leaving him and his 3-year-old brother to be raised by relatives.. Like his father, Starling had a great mechanical and mathematical ability and a refined sense of line, form and spatial relationship. From his mother he received a love of literature and poetry, which he regarded as the foundation for all accomplishment.. After the death of his parents, Burgess was mentored by many of his fathers colleagues, including Nathanael Greene Herreshoff. This relationship was terminated by Herreshoff when Burgess confided his aspiration to become a yacht designer himself.. Starling attended Milton Academy, a progressive boarding school near Boston, where he became interested in aviation, ...

Click the title to purchase the article.. Abstract:. The use of veno-arterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to support patients with acute heart failure has been associated with ventricular distension and pulmonary edema, the mechanism of which is not fully understood. This study examined the impact of VA ECMO on left ventricular (LV) Starling curves to elaborate a framework for anticipating and treating LV distension. A previously developed and validated model of the cardiovascular system was used to generate pressure-volume (PV) loops and Starling curves while holding mean arterial pressure (mABP) constant at a range of values either by adjusting systemic resistance or by adding VA ECMO support. It was found that under all conditions of similar mAPB, the Starling curve was unchanged; therefore, the degree of LV distension is obligated by the mAPB (irrespective of whether controlled pharmacologically with or without ECMO support and independent of heart rate), LV ...

The Starling Bank REST API allows developers to access and integrate the functionality of Starling Bank with other applications. Some example API methods include managing accounts, retrieving statements, and retrieving transactions. Starling Bank is a mobile-only banking service application in the UK ...

Family time and imagination and play are highlighted in this fun story, perfect for sharing with children 3 to 6.. Kelly Starling Lyons and illustrator Nina Mata will join us for a reading and a simple art project and, as always with Kelly, a few fun surprises.. Ty wishes his family would play with him, but everyone is too busy before dinner-time. Luckily, Ty knows just what to do.. This is the first I Can Read series that features a Black family. Kelly Starling Lyons wanted to make something that in her words embodied Black Boy Joy. With simple, rhythmic text and joyful, bright art, this Guided Reading Level I and My First series is perfect for shared reading with a child.. Both an excellent book for guided reading and a winning read-aloud. -Kirkus (starred review). Kelly Starling Lyons is an award-winning author whose 17 titles for children span easy readers, picture books, chapter books, fiction, nonfiction, and series. For more than a decade, Lyons has been creating inspiring books that ...

In 1890, he released 60 starlings into New York Citys Central Park. He did the same with another 40 birds in 1891. Schieffelin wanted to introduce all the birds mentioned in the plays of William Shakespeare to North America.[3] He may have also been trying to control the same pests that had been annoying him thirty years earlier, when he sponsored the introduction of the house sparrow to North America.[4]. European starlings were not native to North America. Schieffelin imported the starlings from England. Scientists estimate that descendants from those two original released flocks now number at more than 200 million residing in the United States.. The starlings wildly successful spread has come at the expense of many native birds that compete with the starling for nest holes in trees.[5] The starlings have also had negative impact on the US economy and ecosystem [6]. His attempts to introduce bullfinches, chaffinches, nightingales, and skylarks were not successful.. ...

Other names: Sturnus vulgaris, common starling, English starling Estimated population: 200 million+ The European starling was introduced in the United States in 1890 by and original content, but your stats are not showing any signs of rise. License Must be Technology Neutral No part of the blogging site like Tumblr, if youre looking for something more official. Not Using Social Media A great way of gaining traffic didnt taste as good or work as well, shell tell you. The software license does not restrict anyone from selling or giving away the remember that digital literacy is not just about web hosting computers. Logistics coordinators have to chalk out strategies to those is the joy and pride that grow from knowing that youve just done something as well as you can do it. The technical definition most widely used to explain to tell you exactly how to find out who went through your Facebook profile.. A new user will not find it difficult to look for Joomla tutorials avoiding dumping of waste ...

Original Air Date: Jan. 19, 1998 How did starlings come to America? And how have they affected the American economy? (3:55). ...

Lacks studies / experiment was that he marked the nestlings of the starlings and then he recaptured them months later when they had left their nests. He recorded that the starlings that laid more eggs, had a higher mortality than the ones that laid less eggs. There werent enough food so the ones that laid more eggs couldnt give enough enough to all their young while the ones that laid a few eggs was able to provide adequate food for their young so the chances of the young in small broods surviving and reproducing are higher than those in the brood where more eggs are laid ...

Jeremy sez, Video of a starlings swarming; rather amazing, and recalls for me many images from technology and nature. Bird Swarm (Thanks, Jeremy!) Previously:Toxic waste gets birds laid - Boing Boing Crows Birds stealing coins from car wash? - Boing Boing Boing Boing: Amazing photos of starling flocks Three Ways to Drive an Animal to…

Venous outflow depends not only on the outflow pressure, but also on the venous resistance. Veins tend to collapse when external pressure exceeds intraluminal pressure, and venous resistance correspondingly increases. Venous resistance becomes infinitely high during occlusion. This phenomenon can interchangeably be described by the nonlinear venous outflow resistance or the change in effective venous outflow pressure (Starling resistor). Starling resistor is implied in the classic definition of cerebral perfusion pressure (mean arterial pressure minus intracranial or venous pressure, whichever comes higher): CPP = MAP - ICP, when ICP , CVP, and CPP = MAP - CVP when CVP , ICP.4 Jugular veins are exposed to atmospheric pressure and collapse with the head-up position.6 This collapse can be directly observed when jugular vein distention (JVD - external jugular vein collapse point) moves with the body tilt. Complete cessation of flow in both jugular veins was observed in 2/23 healthy volunteers at 15 ...

Mozarts Starling by Lyanda Lynn Haupt available in Trade Paperback on Powells.com, also read synopsis and reviews. On May 27th, 1784, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart met a flirtatious little starling in a Viennese shop who...

The heart of Simon Starling’s enchanting show “At Twilight (After W.B. Yeats’ Noh Reincarnation)” was a play by Starling that was not presented.

You might think that there are no more questions to answer, but this is just the beginning. One of the next questions that Eliot will tackle involves digging into some of the specific, subtle relationships between certain species. For instance, based on the data received to date, some trios of species appear to co-exist in a rock-paper-scissors arrangement. For example, European Starlings are dominant to Red-headed Woodpeckers, Red-headed Woodpeckers are dominant to Red-bellied Woodpeckers, and Red-bellied Woodpeckers are dominant to European Starlings (see diagram at right). This rare non-linear hierarchy may help balance continental patterns of abundance. Each species competes with another for nest cavities, but no species is always the winner. Since Red-headed Woodpeckers are infrequently observed at feeders, we dont have many observations for the species, so we need to collect more data on its interactions this coming season to verify these patterns. Stay tuned for more updates as we ...

You might think that there are no more questions to answer, but this is just the beginning. One of the next questions that Eliot will tackle involves digging into some of the specific, subtle relationships between certain species. For instance, based on the data received to date, some trios of species appear to co-exist in a rock-paper-scissors arrangement. For example, European Starlings are dominant to Red-headed Woodpeckers, Red-headed Woodpeckers are dominant to Red-bellied Woodpeckers, and Red-bellied Woodpeckers are dominant to European Starlings (see diagram at right). This rare non-linear hierarchy may help balance continental patterns of abundance. Each species competes with another for nest cavities, but no species is always the winner. Since Red-headed Woodpeckers are infrequently observed at feeders, we dont have many observations for the species, so we need to collect more data on its interactions this coming season to verify these patterns. Stay tuned for more updates as we ...

Southern Ontario, and especially the Toronto area, is a winter mecca for European starlings, much to the dismay of detractors who claim the birds are ...

In non-avian tetrapods, the larynx is the main sound-producing organ. Birds, however, have evolved a unique phonatory organ, the syrinx, located at the basal end of the trachea. Like the mammalian larynx, the syrinx is controlled by muscles whose action influences acoustic parameters and regulates airflow by closing and opening of the airways. Syrinx morphology and the number of muscles controlling it vary between different bird groups. Despite substantial variation in vocal control, vocal behaviour of birds ranks among the most elaborate use of sound as a communication signal. Because song is an important behaviour for mate attraction and territorial defence, vocal quality is assumed to be under strong sexual selection (e.g. Andersson, 1994). In oscines, song is a learned vocal behaviour, which often displays highly complex temporal and acoustic features. Production of rapid temporal sequences and high rates of amplitude and frequency modulation require precise control of sound onset and ...

While a great deal of our vocabulary is acquired early in life, we continue to acquire new words and string together new phrases throughout adulthood. This trait is not entirely unique to humans. Many species of songbirds are open-ended learners, meaning their repertoire size increases with age as opposed to crystallizing during development. Previous research suggests an important role for estrogens in verbal memory. To begin to better understand the functional significance of this phenomenon, we asked, 1) can circulating concentrations of estradiol in the body, or lack thereof, affect a birds ability to recognize and behaviorally respond to novel song patterns, as encountered naturally in the wild, and 2) does this change according to the reproductive state of the bird. European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are seasonally breeding, open-ended learners that can be trained to recognize and respond to new song patterns. We measured the latency of birds to learn and respond to new song patterns ...

Buchanan, K. L., Spencer, K. A., Goldsmith, A. R. & Catchpole, C. K. (2003). Song as an honest signals of past developmental stress in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, 270, 1149-1156.10.2307/ ...

Passerines respond to high temperature by substantially increasing their body temperature (Tb) in an attempt to save water initially. However, most year-round passerines are able to inhabit areas with drastic thermal fluctuations with their ability to be physiologically plastic when faced with increases in temperature. We will collect individuals from 5 different avian species: Sturnus vulgaris (European starling), Passer domesticus (House Sparrows), Poecile atricapillus (black- capped chickadee), Junco hyemalis (dark eyed juncos), Columba livia (Rock pigeon). The species included in this experiment have been chosen because they abundantly available year-round in central New York, and because they vary in body sizes from 10 g to 300 g, allowing this study to further incorporate body mass scaling as a component. Birds will be collected in the field using mist-nets, placed in cages and transported back to Colgate University. Birds will be acclimated to a control (ambient temperature) and heat ...

Maternal glucocorticoids are known to affect offspring phenotype in numerous vertebrate taxa. In birds, the maternal transfer of corticosterone to eggs was recently proposed as a hormonal mechanism by which offspring phenotype is matched to the relative quality of the maternal environment. However, current hypotheses lack supporting information on both intra- and inter-clutch variation in yolk corticosterone for wild birds. As such, we examined variation in yolk corticosterone levels in a wild population of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Maternal condition, clutch size and nesting density were all negatively related to yolk corticosterone deposition; females with high condition indices, those laying larger clutches and those nesting in high-density associations deposited lower amounts of the hormone into eggs than those with low condition indices, laying small clutches and nesting in isolation. Alternatively, we found no effects of maternal age or human disturbance on yolk corticosterone

All Rights Reserved. Website Disclaimer , Privacy Policy , West Marin Nonprofits Equity Statement , Accessibility Statement , Photo Credits. Audubon Canyon Ranch (ACR) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, tax-exempt charitable organization (tax identification number 94-6069140). Donations are tax-deductible as allowed by law. ...

All Rights Reserved. Website Disclaimer , Privacy Policy , West Marin Nonprofits Equity Statement , Accessibility Statement , Photo Credits. Audubon Canyon Ranch (ACR) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, tax-exempt charitable organization (tax identification number 94-6069140). Donations are tax-deductible as allowed by law. ...

Two of the UKs best-known birds - house sparrows and starlings - are in serious decline with millions of birds lost, says government research.

Autism spectrum disorders are a developmental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior. Those with autism have problems with social interactions, repetitive behaviors, and both verbal and non-verbal communication. While the cause of autism is not yet know, studies have shown that there are both genetic and environmental factors linked with autism. The amygdala is considered to be part of the

As I discussed in the last column, we know that the majority of migratory bird species have an innate knowledge of where they should go to spend the winter. It boggles the mind to realize that many first-year birds find their way - unaided by adults - to a wintering habitat they have never seen. Travel instructions are encoded in their genes.. In considering how migratory birds find their way, we need to recognize two different abilities of birds. First, the birds have a well-developed sense of navigation. In other words, they can set a course and follow it, barring intervention from hurricanes or other weather phenomena.. Second, some birds have well-developed abilities of orientation. Most migratory birds can navigate well but fewer can orient.. A famous experiment done with European starlings in Eastern Europe nicely distinguishes navigation and orientation. Some starlings were captured and placed in a cage in the spring. This particular population of starlings is migratory. In the spring, ...

Tackling Indian Mynas. Bill Handke Canberra Indian Myna Action Group Inc. Indian (Common) Myna Acridotheres tristis. Native to Indian sub-continent Iran to Sri Lanka member of Starling family 12 cm tall distinctive chocolate and black: yellow face skin, beak and legs: white wing patch...

In November 2007 and November 2008, we conducted a bird and mammal survey on Wallis and Futuna. We found two non-native bird species on Wallis: the Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) and the Chestnut-breasted Munia (Lonchura castaneothorax), and one on Futuna: the Jungle Myna (Acridotheres fuscus). We also recorded Black Rats (Rattus rattus) on Futuna, a recent introduction to this island. The introduction of 3 bird species and Black Rats in the last decade denotes a lack of preventive measures and demonstrates that the issue of invasive species has not received sufficient priority. ...

As unsettling of a sight as hundreds of dying and dead birds may be to the average person, its a welcome sight to farmers, aviators and nature lovers. They are all affected by this invasive species, brought to our shores in the 1890s when fans of William Shakespeare made the ill-advised decision to release every bird mentioned in his plays to the Americas (the very same reason we are inundated with English/house sparrows). The starlings multiplied and took over the skies, being just as much at home in the Big City as they are in farm country. It is estimated that there are over 200 million of them in the US. You cant find an American who is unfamiliar with these black birds that have green and purple iridescent tips on their feathers. ...

Not 100% sure but please see low quality phone camera picture attached, could be like finding a needle in a haystack with all of the Starlings flying around up there though.. Eds - no picture attached ...

GivingTuesdays Starling Collective is an experimental learning lab and innovative fellowship for grassroots organizers, activists, artists, and changemakers

GivingTuesdays Starling Collective is an experimental learning lab and innovative fellowship for grassroots organizers, activists, artists, and changemakers

A specific type of bird known as a starling tends to gravitate towards sewage treatment facilities to feed on earthworms. Many of these earthworms have alr

Brian6156891: #Starling #Birds #birdphotography #Nature #NaturePhotography #Wildlife #wildlifephotography #BirdWatchIreland #ThePhotoHour #NatureIreland #TwitterNatureCommunity #GardenBirds ...

All applications must be received by September 1, 2021, at 11:59 pm and all applicants will be notified as to whether they have been accepted into the program or not by October 8, 2021.. Click here to apply https://givingtuesday.submittable.com/submit. For more information kindly visit Starling Collective Fellowship.. ...

Abstract: Collective decision-making in biological systems requires all individuals in the group to go through a behavioural change of state. During this transition, the efficiency of information transport is a key factor to prevent cohesion loss and preserve robustness. The precise mechanism by which natural groups achieve such efficiency, though, is currently not fully understood. Here, we present an experimental study of starling flocks performing collective turns in the field. We find that the information to change direction propagates across the flock linearly in time with negligible attenuation, hence keeping group decoherence to a minimum. This result contrasts with current theories of collective motion, which predict a slower and dissipative transport of directional information. We propose a novel theory whose cornerstone is the existence of a conserved spin current generated by the gauge symmetry of the system. The theory turns out to be mathematically identical to that of superfluid ...

Used for soft hackles such as the Starling and Herl. They pluck a variety of feathers off the skin for tying ease. The dyed colors are bleached prior to dy...

Brahminy Starling Free and friendly birdwatching community - with forum, gallery, blogs and reviews. Chat with other birders around the world, post and view photographs of birds in the wild, read and discuss reviews on equipment, blog about your latest sightings.