Here are some True/False questions on Staphylococcus aureus. Click at the bottom of the page for answers and short explanations.. 1) Most people are colonised with Staphylococcus aureus? T/F. 2) The nuc gene is found in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus? T/F. 3) Methicillin is a commonly used antibiotic in many parts of the world? T/F. 4) Staphylococcus aureus can ferment mannitol? T/F. 5) Coagulase is not thought to be an important virulence factor for Staphylococcus aureus? T/F. 6) Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia has a 30 day mortality of 15-20%? T/F. 7) Staphylococcus aureus can cause food poisoning? T/F. 8) Staphylococcus aureus is a motile organism? T/F. 9) Staphylococcus aureus can be intracellular in nasal epithelial cells? T/F. 10) Staphylococcus aureus is acommon contaminant in blood cultures? T/F. Click here for answers and short explanations. ...

Scanning electron micrograph of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) surrounded by cellular debris. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans. It is also called multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA). MRSA is any strain of Staphylococcus aureus that has developed resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, which include penicillins and cephalosporins. Strains unable to resist these antibiotics are classified as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, or MSSA. The development of such resistance does not cause the organism to be more intrinsically virulent than strains of Staphylococcus aureus that have no antibiotic resistance, but resistance does make MRSA infection more difficult to treat with standard types of antibiotics and thus more dangerous. MRSA is especially troublesome in hospitals and - Stock Image C028/3297

Background: Glycopeptides such as vancomycin are frequently the antibiotics of choice for the treatment of infections caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. For the last 10 years incidence of vancomycin intermediate S. aureus and vancomycin resistant S. aureus has been increasing in various parts of the world Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vancomycin intermediate S. aureus and vancomycin resistant S. aureus and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among hospital and community acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Methods: This is a cross sectional study. Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated and identified from patients suffering from skin and wound infections using conventional microbiology techniques. Methicillin resistant strains were investigated by detection of mecA gene using PCR. Strains were also tested for antimicrobial resistance using disc diffusion technique and vancomycin resistance using E ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors using a silkworm model. AU - Miyazaki, Shinya. AU - Matsumoto, Yasuhiko. AU - Sekimizu, Kazuhisa. AU - Kaito, Chikara. PY - 2012/1/1. Y1 - 2012/1/1. N2 - Previous studies have indicated that the silkworm model is useful for identifying virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus, a human pathogenic bacterium. Here we examined the scope of S. aureus virulence factors that can be evaluated using the silkworm model. Gene-disrupted mutants of the agr locus, arlS gene and saeS gene, which regulate the expression of cell surface adhesins and hemolysins, exhibited attenuated virulence in silkworms. Mutants of the hla gene encoding α-hemolysin, the hlb gene encoding β-hemolysin, and the psmα and psmβ operons encoding cytolysins, however, showed virulence in silkworms indistinguishable from that of the parent strain. Thus, these S. aureus cytolysins are not required for virulence in silkworms. In contrast, the gene-disrupted mutants ...

Adcock PM, Pastor P, Medley F, Patterson JE, Murphy TV. 1998. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two child care centers. J Infect Dis 178(2):577-580.. Bhat M, Dumortier C, Taylor BS, Miller M, Vasquez G, Yunen J, et al. 2009. Staphylococcus aureus ST398, New York City and Dominican Republic. Emerg Infect Dis 15(2):285-287.. Bosch T, van Luit M, Pluister GN, Frentz D, Haenen A, Landman F, et al. 2016. Changing characteristics of livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from humans - emergence of a subclade transmitted without livestock exposure, the Netherlands, 2003 to 2014. Euro Surveill 21(21), doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.21.30236.. Chen AE, Cantey JB, Carroll KC, Ross T, Speser S, Siberry GK. 2009. Discordance between Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization and skin infections in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 28(3):244-246.. CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). 2015. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility ...

Definition Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that can live in the nose, on the skin, or in the lower intestine. MRSA is a form of Staphylococcus aureus that is resistant to the usual antibiotics used to treat it. Some people carry, or become colonized with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria but do not have an infection. However, sometimes Staphylococcus aureus causes infections, which means that the bacterium is making them sick.

Staphylococcus bacteria. Colour transmission electron micrograph of sectioned Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. They are Gram-positive coccal (spherical) bacteria. At centre a bacterium in cross section is seen with its thick cell wall (green). Above and below this bacterium are obliquely sectioned bacteria showing the irregular surface of the bacterial cell walls. Staphylococcus aureus commonly occurs on healthy human skin and mucous membranes, such as the lining of the mouth. It may, however, become pathogenic. It can be responsible for skin boils, infected hair follicles and internal abscesses. Magnification: x58,333 at 6x7cm size. Magnification: x200,000 at 10x8 inch size. - Stock Image B234/0086

TY - JOUR. T1 - Staphylococcus aureus colonization among healthcare workers at a tertiary care hospital. AU - Johnston, Cecilia P.. AU - Stokes, Amy K.. AU - Ross, Tracy. AU - Cai, Mian. AU - Carroll, Karen C.. AU - Cosgrove, Sara E.. AU - Perl, Trish M.. PY - 2007/12. Y1 - 2007/12. N2 - We describe the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus colonization among 200 healthcare workers. The prevalence of S. aureus was 28%, and the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was 2%. The incidence of MRSA colonization was extremely low. This study suggests that the risk of MRSA transmission to healthcare workers is low in a hospital where MRSA is endemic.. AB - We describe the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus colonization among 200 healthcare workers. The prevalence of S. aureus was 28%, and the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was 2%. The incidence of MRSA colonization was extremely low. This study suggests that the risk of MRSA transmission to healthcare workers is ...

The number of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) infections on the Navajo Nation has recently been rising. To find out how you can protect yourself and others, read on.. What is staphylococcus aureus? (Staph). Staphylococcus aureus, often referred to simply as staph are bacteria commonly carried on the skin or in the nose of healthy people. About 30 percent of all people have staph bacteria in their nose and the bacteria do not cause an infection in these people. However, at other times, staph bacteria can cause an infection.. What is MRSA?. It is a type of staph bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics such as methicillin. While about 30 percent of the population has staph, about 1 percent has MRSA. The problem with MRSA infections is that they may be very difficult to treat because most of the drugs that are used to treat staph infections dont work against these bacteria.. What does a staph or MRSA infection look like?. Staph bacteria, including MRSA, can cause skin ...

This page includes the following topics and synonyms: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus, MRSA, MRSA Infection, MRSA Encounter, Vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting are common techniques used to detect and quantify proteins in Staphylococcus aureus culture supernatants, such as Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). However, protein A (Spa) secreted by most S. aureus strains may interfere with these assays by binding to the capturing and detecting antibodies. Here, we have shown that the addition of diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) inhibits the binding of Spa to rabbit anti-PVL used as the capturing antibody in ELISA. In Western blotting, the presence of DEPC prevented the binding of detecting antibody to Spa. These modified ELISA and Western blot techniques should prove useful for detecting and quantifying proteins in S. aureus culture supernatants ...

Infectious diseases that often occur in humans are skin infections. One of the bacteria that cause infection in humans is Staphylococcus aureus. One of the plants used as an ingredient in traditional medicine and used as an anti-bacterial is a kecombrang plant. This research aims to test the antibacterial activity of leaf extract of kecombrang against Staphylococcus aureus. Kecombrang leaf obtained from Pandeglang Banten. Kecombrang leaves extracted with a maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Extracts of leaves are made in a various concentrations (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%). The antibacterial activity test was performed by using the diffusion method to find out the large zone of diameter are formed to inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.The results of the antibacterial activity of the leaves extract of kecombrang to Staphylococcus aureus at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentrations respectively were 12.67 mm, 14.33 mm, 15.33 mm, and 17.00 mm. The data result showed, that leaf extract of ...

Staphylococcus spp. are globally recognized as colonisers of the skin and important causes of infection in the skin of animals and humans. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, and in particular multi-drug resistant methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in dogs has made treatment more challenging. The objectives of this study were to determine bacterial ecology and their antimicrobial susceptibilities from wound and ear swabs with emphasis on Staphylococcus aureus and to determine the prevalence of MRSA/MRSP in normal dogs and surgical patients using phenotypic and genotypic assays. The study also undertook Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis of sequenced polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons of the resistance determinant. The study was divided into two parts, retrospective and prospective components. The retrospective component of the study was designed to determine ...

The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen of humans (1). Cells of S. aureus are surrounded by a thick layer of highly cross-linked cell wall peptidoglycan (2). The peptidoglycan layer is formed from lipid II precursors, C55-(PO3)2-N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc)-(l-Ala-d-iGln-(Gly5)l-Lys-d-Ala-d-Ala)-GlcNAc (3), via the transpeptidation and transglycosylation reactions of cell wall synthesis to generate [MurNAc-(l-Ala-d-iGln-(Gly5)l-Lys-d-Ala)-GlcNAc]n polymer (4). Assembled peptidoglycan is a single large macromolecule that protects bacteria against osmotic lysis (5) and also functions as scaffold for the anchoring of wall teichoic acids (6) and proteins (7). These secondary cell wall polymers promote specific interactions between staphylococci and host tissues (8). Cell wall-anchored surface proteins are synthesized as precursors with N-terminal signal peptides and C-terminal LPXTG motif sorting signals (9). Following cleavage of the N-terminal signal peptide by signal ...

Staphylococci are recognized as the most frequent causes of biofilm-associated infections as well as community acquired and hospital acquired infections all over the world. HIV is a well established risk factor for nasal colonization of staphylococcus aureus. MRSA is substantial cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV infected patients worldwide. Biofilm production is an important virulence factor of S. aureus which makes the organism more resistant for antimicrobials. The biofilm forming isolates have different spectrum of antibiotic sensitivity which make more therapeutic difficulties. Hence, Rapid and accurate method for detection of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Biofilm production is an important role of clinical microbiology laboratories to avoid treatment failure and to control the endemicity of MRSA. newlineA total of 440 nasal swab samples from 220 HIV positive cases and 220 HIV negative controls were processed, among which 144 isolates of S. aureus were ...

Staphylococcus aureus is one of most common pathogens in humans. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounts for 64 % of S. aureus bacteremia isolated in intensive care units (ICUs), and heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediates S. aureus (hVISA) is a phenotype of MRSA. However, studies focusing on the hVISA impact on critically ill patients are scarce. This was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary medical center from January 2009 to December 2010. All adult patients in ICUs with MRSA bloodstream infection were eligible. A modified population analysis profile and area under the curve method was applied to all isolates to confirm hVISA phenotype. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and the accessory gene regulator (agr) typing were performed individually. Clinical outcomes including in-hospital mortality, length of stay in intensive care unit and hospital after MRSA bacteremia of the patients were also analyzed. A total of 48 patients were

Surface-enhanced IR absorption (SEIRA) microscopy was used to reveal main chemical and physical interactions between Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and different laser-nanostructured bactericidal Si surfaces via simultaneous chemical enhancement of the corresponding IR-absorption in the intact functional chemical groups. A cleaner, less passivated surface of Si nanoripples, laser-patterned in water, exhibits much stronger enhancement of SEIRA signals compared to the bare Si wafer, the surface coating of oxidized Si nanoparticles and oxidized/carbonized Si (nano) ripples, laser-patterned in air and water. Additional very strong bands emerge in the SEIRA spectra on the clean Si nanoripples, indicating the potential chemical modifications in the bacterial membrane and nucleic acids during the bactericidal effect ...

DISCUSSION. 0Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium that produces a remarkable array of cell-surface and secreted virulence factors which facilitate disease causation. The organism develops drug resistance at pace with the development of new antimicrobial agents. [15] The organism often colonizes atopic dermatitis-damaged skin and the anterior nares. It spreads from these sites to infect other body sites. It is likely that most of the patients with atopic dermatitis are colonized with Staphylococcus aureus.This could be the result of various host factors such as skin-barrier dysfunction and deficiency of human antimicrobial peptides. Our study reports a high degree (92.4%) of Staphylococcus aureus colonization among atopic dermatitis patients, which is consistent with previous reports. [16],[17],[18] The rather high rates of isolation could be explained by the fact that these subjects were not treated with antibiotics recently. However, contrary to prior reports, no significant ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - A Very Early-Branching Staphylococcus aureus Lineage Lacking the Carotenoid Pigment Staphyloxanthin. AU - Holt, Deborah. AU - Holden, Matthew. AU - Tong, Steven. AU - Castillo-Ramirez, Santiago. AU - Clarke, Louise. AU - Quail, Michael. AU - Currie, Bart. AU - Parkhill, Julian. AU - Bentley, Stephen. AU - Feil, Edward. AU - Giffard, Philip. PY - 2011. Y1 - 2011. N2 - Here we discuss the evolution of the northern Australian Staphylococcus aureus isolate MSHR1132 genome. MSHR1132 belongs to the divergent clonal complex 75 lineage. The average nucleotide divergence between orthologous genes in MSHR1132 and typical S. aureus is approximately sevenfold greater than the maximum divergence observed in this species to date. MSHR1132 has a small accessory genome, which includes the well-characterized genomic islands, mSAa and mSab, suggesting that these elements were acquired well before the expansion of the typical S. aureus population. Other mobile elements show mosaic structure (the ...

BioAssay record AID 207652 submitted by ChEMBL: Minimum concentration required to inhibit growth of methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus strain 446.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of ethanol extractof Eremurus persicus leaves on Staphylococcus aureus under laboratory condition. Methods: The ethanol extract of paste leaves were collected using a rotary machine. 12 strain of Staphylococcus aureus were collected from urinary tract infection of Zabol city (Iran). Results: The results showed that MIC and also MBC of Eremurus persicus ethanol extract against Staphylococcus aureus were 5 and 2.55 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that ethanol extract of Eremurus persicus leaves has a significant antibacterial effect and can be used to deal with specific pathogenic bacteria.

The objective of this study was to assess in vitro the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Polish propolis (EEPP) against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates. The combined effect of EEPP and 10 selected antistaphylococcal drugs on S. aureus clinical cultures was also investigated. EEPP composition was analyzed by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The flavonoid compounds identified in Polish Propolis included flavones, flavonones, flavonolols, flavonols and phenolic acids. EEPP displayed varying effectiveness against twelve S. aureus strains, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) within the range from 0.39 to 0.78 mg/mL, determined by broth microdilution method. The average MIC was 0.54 ± 0.22 mg/mL, while calculated MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.39 mg/mL and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the EEPP ranged from 0.78 to 3.13 mg/mL. The in vitro

Staphylococcus aureus is a widespread gram-positive motionless facultative anaerobic non-spore-forming bacterium related to cocci, spherical bacteria. This microorganism is part of the normal microflora of the skin and mucous membranes in 15-50% of healthy people and animals.. Staphylococcus aureus is found in soil and water, often contaminates food products. It is able to infect all tissues and organs: skin, subcutaneous tissue, lungs, central nervous system, bones, and joints, etc. This bacterium can cause sepsis, purulent skin lesions, and wound infections.. The optimum temperature for Staphylococcus aureus is 30-37 °C. It withstands for 20-30 minutes when 70-80 °C + dry heat. It survives for up to 2 hours. This bacterium is resistant to drying and salinization. It is able to grow on media with 5-10% sodium chloride content, including fish, meat and other products. Most disinfectants destroy Staphylococcus aureus.. Staphylococcus aureus releases a wide variety of toxins. Membranotoxins ...

Defining the burden of morbidity and mortality due to invasive staphylococcus aureus disease and the Impact of drug resistance in Thailand ...

Background & Objective: Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), represent serious nosocomial and community infections. Biofilm formation as an important virulence factor may be affected by sub-inhibitory levels of antibiotics. Few studies examined the effects of all therapeutic antimicrobial agents on clinical S.aureus. The current study aimed at observing the inducing and reducing effects of antibiotics, commonly used to treat staphylococcal infections on the production of staphylococcal biofilm. Methods: Four MRSA (1ATCC and 3 clinical) and 1 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strains with biofilm forming ability, evaluated by the Congo red agar (CRA) plate test, were employed. Biofilm formation was measured by crystal violet microtiter plate assay. Cefazolin, rifampicin, vancomycin, oxacillin, clindamycin, cotrimoxazole, minocycline, linezolid, azithromycin, and clarithromycin were added to wells ranging from 0.06to 128 µg/mL (1× to 1/1024 MIC

Influences of Various Antibiotics on Clinical Biofilm Producing Staphylococcus Aureus Strains. Protease, Lipase, Ürease Activity in Biofilm Forming Strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Articles related to Staphylococcus aureus are open access to read here.

Background: The nasal carriage rate of Staphylococcus aureus in healthcare workers (HCWs) is higher than the general population. Their hands serve as vectors for transmitting S.aureus colonized in the nose to patients. Objectives: To determine the rate of nasal S.aureus carriage and methicillin resistance in HCWs and to evaluate the relationship between carriage and personal risk factors and hand hygiene behaviors. Methods: The questionnaire included questions about sociodemographic characteristics, occupational and personal risk factors for S.aureus carriage, the Hand Hygiene Belief Scale (HHBS), and Hand Hygiene Practices Inventory (HHPI). Nasal culture was taken from all participants. Presence of S.aureus, methicillin and mupirocin resistance were investigated in samples. Results: The study was carried out with 269 HCWs. The prevalence of S.aureus carriage was 20.1% (n:54). Among 54 S.aureus carriers, only one person had MRSA (0.37%). All S.aureus isolates were susceptible to mupirocin. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Participation of CD11c+ leukocytes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clearance from the lung. AU - Martin, Francis J.. AU - Parker, Dane. AU - Harfenist, Bryan S.. AU - Soong, Grace. AU - Prince, Alice. PY - 2011/5/1. Y1 - 2011/5/1. N2 - Staphylococcus aureus causes especially severe pulmonary infection, associated with high morbidity and mortality. In addition to the effects of specific virulence factors, it appears that the intensity of the host proinflammatory response, particularly in the initial stages of infection, contributes substantially to pulmonary damage. We tested the hypothesis that the CD11c+ leukocytes are important in the host response to pulmonary infection with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) USA300. Clodronate-induced depletion of the alveolar macrophage population resulted in increased numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4+ cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and was associated with significantly increased mortality by 18 h ...

Blumenthal KG, Shenoy ES, Huang M, Kuhlen JL, Ware WA, Parker RA, Walensky RP. The Impact of Reporting a Prior Penicillin Allergy on the Treatment of Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. PLoS One. 2016; 11(7):e0159406 ...

The Gram-positive human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus causes a variety of human diseases such as skin infections, pneumonia, and endocarditis. The micrococcal nuclease Nuc1 is one of the major S. aureus virulence factors and allows the bacterium to avoid neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-mediated killing. We found that addition of the protein synthesis inhibitor clindamycin to S. aureus LAC cultures decreased nuc1 transcription and subsequently blunted nuclease activity in a molecular beacon-based fluorescence assay. We also observed reduced NET degradation through Nuc1 inhibition translating into increased NET-mediated clearance. Similarly, pooled human immunoglobulin specifically inhibited nuclease activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of nuclease activity by clindamycin and immunoglobulin enhanced S. aureus clearance and should be considered in the treatment of S. aureus infections. ...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of our study was to define the characteristics of patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) presenting with a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included all patients admitted to the ED between January 2003 and December 2004 in whom a staphylococcal infection was documented. The risk factors associated with carriage of MRSA, the diagnosis made in the ED, and the treatment administered were established from the patients medical files. The sites from which the bacteria were isolated, the spectrum of resistance of the staphylococci to different antibiotics, and the presence or absence of the gene coding for Panton-Valentin leukocidin for certain S aureus isolates were determined from the reports issued by the bacteriologic department. Two groups of patients were compared: those with an infection caused by MRSA and those with an infection due to methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA). RESULTS: A total of ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The superoxide dismutase gene sodM is unique to Staphylococcus aureus. T2 - Absence of sodM in coagulase-negative staphylococci. AU - Wright Valderas, Michelle. AU - Gatson, Joshua W.. AU - Wreyford, Natalie. AU - Hart, Mark E.. PY - 2002. Y1 - 2002. N2 - Superoxide dismutase (SOD) profiles of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) were determined by using whole-cell lysates and activity gels. All S. aureus clinical isolates exhibited three closely migrating bands of activity as previously determined for laboratory strains of S. aureus: SodM, SodA, and a hybrid composed of SodM and SodA (M. W. Valderas and M. E. Hart, J. Bacteriol. 183:3399-3407, 2001). In contrast, the CoNS produced only one SOD activity, which migrated similarly to SodA of S. aureus. Southern analysis of eight CoNS species identified only a single sod gene in each case. A full-length sod gene was cloned from Staphylococcus epidermidis and determined to be more ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Identification of β-lactamases in human and bovine isolates of Staphylococcus aureus strains having borderline resistance to penicillinase-resistant penicillins (PRPs) with proteomic methods. AU - Keseru, Judit Szilvia. AU - Szabó, István. AU - Gál, Zsuzsanna. AU - Massidda, Orietta. AU - Mingoia, Marina. AU - Kaszanyitzky, Éva. AU - Jánosi, Szilárd. AU - Hulvely, Julianna. AU - Csorba, Attila. AU - Buzás, Krisztina. AU - Hunyadi-Gulyás, Éva. AU - Medzihradszky, Katalin F.. AU - Biró, Sándor. PY - 2011/1/10. Y1 - 2011/1/10. N2 - Methicillin and oxacillin-hydrolyzing enzymes of 6 borderline methicillin-resistant and 1 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from human clinical samples and 4 borderline methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis were investigated. As previous studies suggested the involvement of an additional enzyme besides the penicillinase BlaZ in the determination of borderline resistance, we analyzed ...

Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcaceae familyasından bakteri türüdür. Gram pozitiflerdendir. Yaklaşık 20 türü bulunur. Nozokomiyal (hastane infeksiyonu) etkenidir. İnsan cilt florasında kommensal olarak da bulunur. Staphylococcus aureus un oksasiline dirençli olup olmaması onun tanımlanmasında etkilidir. Örneğin bu antibiyotiğe hassas (duyarlı, sensitiv) olan bir S. aureus, MSSA (Methycilline Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus) adını alırken, buna dirençli olan suş, MRSA (Methycilline Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) adını alır. Koyun kanlı agarda altın sarısı koloniler üretir. Bu yüzden tür adı, altın anlamına gelen Latince aureusdan türetilmiştir. Bu bakterinin katalaz testi olumludur. Clumping factor ve tüp koagülaz testi pozitif sonuç verir. Çeşitli yüzeylerde glikokaliks denen oluşumlar üretir. Bakterinin bunu yayılma ve bulaşma için kullandığı düşünülmektedir. Bağışıklık sistemi zayıflamış kişilerde, asıl enfeksiyon ...

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a pathogen of animals. To compare types of infections, clinical outcomes, and risk factors associated with MRSA in dogs with those associated with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections, we conducted a case-control study at 3 veterinary referral hospitals in the United States and Canada during 2001-2007. Risk factors analyzed were signalment, medical and surgical history, and infection site. Among 40 dogs with MRSA and 80 with MSSA infections, highest prevalence of both infections was found in skin and ears. Although most (92.3%) dogs with MRSA infections were discharged from the hospital, we found that significant risk factors for MRSA infection were receipt of antimicrobial drugs (odds ratio [OR] 3.84, p = 0.02), β-lactams (OR 3.58, p = 0.04), or fluoroquinolones (OR 5.34, p = 0.01), and intravenous catheterization (OR 3.72, p = 0.02). Prudent use of antimicrobial drugs in veterinary hospitals is advised.

Global Markets Directs, Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection (VRSA) - Pipeline Review, H2 2014, provides an overview of the Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection

Raghunath P, Acharya S, Bhanumathi A, et al. Detection and molecular characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood harvested along the southwest coast of India. Food Microbiol 2008; 25(6): 824-30. Hennekinne JA, de Buyser ML, Dragacci. S. Staphylococcus aureus and its food poisoning toxins: characterization and outbreak investigation. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2011; 36(4): 815-836. Squebola-Cola DM, De Mello GC, Anhê GF, et al. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins A and B inhibit human and mice eosinophil chemotaxis and adhesion in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23(2): 664-71. Todd EC, Greig JD, Bartleson CA, et al. Outbreaks where food workers have been implicated in the spread of foodborne disease. Part 4. Infective doses and pathogen carriage. J Food Prot 2008; 71(11): 2339-73. Hammad AM, Watanabe W, Fujii T, et al. Occurrence and characteristics of methicillin-resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci from ...

Structural and Enzymatic Analysis of TarM Glycosyltransferase from Staphylococcus aureus Reveals an Oligomeric Protein Specific for the Glycosylation of Wall Teichoic ...

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major pathogens causing serious infections both within the hospital setting and in the community. This pathogen is characterized by rapid acquisition of resistance to antibiotics introduced into clinical practice. Thus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) emerged first in the hospital setting and then spread to the community (CA-MRSA) [1]. In the late 1990s, MRSA strains emerged with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, VISA (vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus) [2] and VRSA (vancomycin-resistant S. aureus) [3]. Tigecycline (TIG) is an antibiotic belonging to the glycylcyclines class and representing a treatment option for infections caused by S. aureus [4]. Surveillance studies of S. aureus have exhibited good activity of this antibiotic, with 99.9 % of isolates found to be susceptible [5]. A high susceptibility rate was also reported in Latin America from 2004 to 2010 [6] and in several countries around the world [7, 8]. The aim of this work was to select ...

The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequent pathogens that causes severe morbidity and mortality throughout the world. S. aureus can infect skin and soft tissues or become invasive leading to diseases such as pneumonia, endocarditis, sepsis or toxic shock syndrome. In contrast, S. aureus is also a common commensal microbe and is often Cited by:

TY - JOUR. T1 - Role of stop codons in development and loss of vancomycin non-susceptibility in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AU - Doddangoudar, V. C.. AU - ODonoghue, Margaret May. AU - Chong, E. Y.C.. AU - Tsang, D. N.C.. AU - Boost, M. V.. PY - 2012/9/1. Y1 - 2012/9/1. N2 - Objectives: Problems of vancomycin non-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and subsequent treatment failure are increasing. This study aimed to observe development and loss of vancomycin non-susceptibility, determine exposure time needed for resistance development, and follow mutations in the VraSR and GraSR two-component systems during these processes. Methods: Sequences of vraS, graR and rpoB, proposed as critical sites of mutation associated with non-susceptibility development, were compared in susceptible clinical methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates both initially and following vancomycin induction and its withdrawal, to identify mutations. Mutations were correlated with exposure time, ...

MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) What is MRSA? Staphylococcus aureus, also called staph, is a type of germ known as bacteria. Many healthy people have this germ on their skin and in their

Normally they are among the many harmless organisms found in and on the human body: one in four people have millions of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on their skin and on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, without being aware of it. In some cases, however, the harmless bacteria can turn into pathogens, which can lead to skin inflammation and lung infections, or-in the worst cases-sepsis. This happens especially when the bacteria multiply too fast, for example when a persons immune system is weakened by an infection or injury, says Prof. Oliver Werz of Friedrich Schiller University Jena in Germany.. The Professor for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and his team have studied the molecular defense mechanisms of the human immune system in the fight against such Staphylococcus aureus infections and made a surprising discovery. As the research team reports in the current issue of the specialist journal Cell Reports, the toxic cocktail with which Staphylococcus aureus damages cells and ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The current state of screening and decolonization for the prevention of staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection after total hip and knee arthroplasty. AU - Weiser, Mitchell C.. AU - Moucha, Calin S.. PY - 2014/9/2. Y1 - 2014/9/2. N2 - The most common pathogens in surgical site infections after total hip and knee arthroplasty are methicillinsensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Patients colonized withMSSA or MRSA have an increased risk for a staphylococcal infection at the site of a total hip or knee arthroplasty. Most colonized individuals who develop a staphylococcal infection at the site of a total hip or total knee arthroplasty have molecularly identical S. aureus isolates in their nares and wounds. Screening and nasal decolonization of S. aureus can potentially reduce the rates of staphylococcal surgical site infection after total hip and total knee arthroplasty.. AB - The most common ...

The cell surface-associated extracellular adherence protein (Eap) mediates adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to host extracellular matrix components and inhibits inflammation, wound healing, and angiogenesis. A well-characterized collection of S. aureus and non-S. aureus staphylococcal isolates (n = 813) was tested for the presence of the Eap-encoding gene (eap) by PCR to investigate the use of the eap gene as a specific diagnostic tool for identification of S. aureus. Whereas all 597 S. aureus isolates were eap positive, this gene was not detectable in 216 non-S. aureus staphylococcal isolates comprising 47 different species and subspecies of coagulase-negative staphylococci and non-S. aureus coagulase-positive or coagulase-variable staphylococci. Furthermore, non-S. aureus isolates did not express Eap homologs, as verified on the transcriptional and protein levels. Based on these data, the sensitivity and specificity of the newly developed PCR targeting the eap gene were both 100%. Thus, the ...

Bacterial pathogens regulate virulence factor expression at both the level of transcription initiation and mRNA processing/turnover. Within Staphylococcus aureus, virulence factor transcript synthesis is regulated by a number of two-component regulatory systems, the DNA binding protein SarA, and the SarA family of homologues. However, little is known about the factors that modulate mRNA stability or influence transcript degradation within the organism. As our entree to characterizing these processes, S. aureus GeneChips were used to simultaneously determine the mRNA half-lives of all transcripts produced during log-phase growth. It was found that the majority of log-phase transcripts (90%) have a short half-life (|5 min), whereas others are more stable, suggesting that cis- and/or trans-acting factors influence S. aureus mRNA stability. In support of this, it was found that two virulence factor transcripts, cna and spa, were stabilized in a sarA-dependent manner. These results were validated by

Trends in Staphylococcus aureus infections are not well described. To calculate incidence in overall S. aureus infection and invasive and noninvasive infections according to methicillin susceptibility and location, we conducted a 10-year population-based retrospective cohort study (1999-2008) using patient-level data in the Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System. We found 3,674 S. aureus infections: 2,816 (77%) were noninvasive; 2,256 (61%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA); 2,517 (69%) were community onset, and 1,157 (31%) were hospital onset. Sixty-one percent of noninvasive infections were skin and soft tissue infections; 1,112 (65%) of these were MRSA. Ten-year averaged incidence per 100,000 veterans was 749 (± 132 SD, range 549-954) overall, 178 (± 41 SD, range 114-259) invasive, and 571 (± 152 SD, range 364-801) noninvasive S. aureus infections. Incidence of all S. aureus infections significantly increased (p<0.001), driven by noninvasive, MRSA, and community

Polysomes are macromolecular complexes made up of multiple ribosomes simultaneously translating a single mRNA into polypeptide chains. Together, the cellular mRNAs translated in this way are referred to translatome. Translation determines a cells overall gene expression profile. Studying translatome leads to a better understanding of the translational machinery and of its complex regulatory pathways. Given its fundamental role in cell homeostasis and division, bacterial translation is an important target for antibiotics. However, there are no detailed protocols for polysome purification from Staphylococcus aureus, the human pathogen responsible for the majority of multi-drug resistance issues. We therefore developed methods for the isolation of active polysomes, ribosomes, and ribosomal subunits, examining the purity and quality of each fraction and monitoring polysomal activity during protein synthesis. These steps are mandatory for the use of purified S. aureus polysomes and ribosomes for

TY - JOUR. T1 - The fibronectin binding proteins of Staphylococcus aureus are required for adhesion to and invasion of bovine mammary gland cells. AU - Lammers, A.. AU - Nuijten, P.J.M.. AU - Smith, H.E.. PY - 1999. Y1 - 1999. U2 - 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb08783.x. DO - 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb08783.x. M3 - Article. VL - 180. SP - 103. EP - 109. JO - FEMS Microbiology Letters. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters. SN - 0378-1097. ER - ...

BioAssay record AID 525138 submitted by ChEMBL: Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus RN4220 after 18 to 24 hrs by broth microdilution method.