Stable carbon- (delta(13)C), nitrogen- (delta(15)N) and hydrogen (delta D) isotope profiles in feathers of migratory Great Reed Warblers Acrocephalus arundinaceus recaptured for 2 or more years in 6 successive years were examined to test whether the isotope profiles of individual warblers appeared to be consistent between years. Similar isotopic signatures in successive years suggested that individual birds tended to return and grow their feathers in Afro-tropical wintering habitats that generate similar delta(13)C, delta(15)N and delta D signatures. Previous studies have shown that Great Reed Warblers exhibit strong natal and breeding philopatry, with most of the surviving birds returning to the breeding site. The present study of feather delta(13)C, delta(15)N and delta D isotopic values demonstrate the year-to-year fidelity might also include the African moulting sites in this migratory species ...

The sex of 746 great reed warbler fledglings (from 175 broods) was determined by the use of single primer polymerase-chain reaction. The reliability of the technique was confirmed as 104 of the fledglings were subsequently recorded as adults of known sex. The overall sex ratio did not differ from unity. Variation in sex ratios between broods was larger than expected from a binomial distribution. Female identity explained some of the variation of brood sex ratio indicating that certain females consistently produced sex ratios that departed from the average value in the population. The theory of sex allocation predicts that parents should adjust the sex ratio of their brood to the relative value of sons and daughters and this may vary in relation to the quality of the parents or to the time of breeding. In the great reed warbler, the proportion of sons was not related to time of breeding, or to any of five female variables. Of five male variables, males with early arrival date tended to produce ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Host intra-clutch variation, cuckoo egg matching and egg rejection by great reed warblers. AU - Cherry, Michael I.. AU - Bennett, Andrew T D. AU - Moskát, C.. PY - 2007/6. Y1 - 2007/6. N2 - Prevailing theory predicts that lower levels of intra-clutch variation in host eggs facilitate the detection of brood parasitism. We assessed egg matching using both human vision and UV-VIS spectrophotometry and then followed the nest fate of great reed warblers naturally parasitised by European cuckoos. Rejection was predicted by the following three variables: matching between cuckoo and host eggs on the main chromatic variable defined by principal components analysis of the egg spectra (which has a strong loading in the UV); the number of host eggs in the nest; and human estimates of intra-clutch variation. The first variable is not correlated to human estimates of matching, which do not predict rejection. In line with another recent study, rejection rates were predicted by higher levels of ...

Slate-colored Dark-eyed Junco design in dark-eyed junco with Dark-eyed Junco on 9 products. Dark-eyed Juncos are small birds of the sparrow family. They are typically dark in the...

The class I genes of the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) are here investigated for the first time in a passerine bird. The great reed warbler is a rare species in Sweden with a few semi-isolated populations. Yet, we found extensive Mhc class I variation in the study population. The variable e …

Atlas pied flycatcher or Atlas flycatcher (Ficedula speculigera) is a bird in an Old World flycatcher family, one of the four species of Western Palearctic black-and-white flycatchers; it is endemic as a breeding species to North-west Africa. It was formerly regarded as a race of European pied flycatcher, but Sætre et al. (2001) recommended that it is regarded as a species in its own right. Identification is covered in Etherington and Small (2003) and van den Berg et al. (2006). Etherington, Graham and Brian Small (2003) Taxonomy and identification of Atlas Flycatcher - a potential British vagrant Birding World 16:252-256 Sætre, G-P., T. Borge and T. Moum (2001) A new bird species? The taxonomic status of the Atlas Flycatcher assessed from DNA sequence analysis. Ibis 143:494-497 van den Berg, Arnoud and the Sound Approach (2006) Phenology and identification of Atlas and Iberian Pied Flycatchers Dutch Birding 28(1):1-6 Ficedula speculigera. Avibase ...

This original watercolor painting is a beautiful red-winged blackbird. The blackbird and branch were painted separately, then carefully cut out and glued, using archival glue to the polaroid frame. The polaroid frame is approximately 3.5″ x 4.5″. Original artwork paintings are sent 3-5 days after payment and are shipped flat packaged in a bend resistant mailer with a backer board, wrapped in a cellophane sleeve.. ...

Dark-eyed Juncos are neat, even flashy little sparrows that flit about forest floors of the western mountains and Canada, then flood the rest of North America for winter. Theyre easy to recognize by their crisp (though extremely variable) markings and the bright white tail feathers they habitually flash in flight. One of the most abundant forest birds of North America, youll see juncos on woodland walks as well as in flocks at your feeders or on the ground beneath them.

behaviour and the neural systems controlling behaviour. Songbirds, along with humans, are one of only six animal groups (including bats, parrots, hummingbirds, and cetaceous whales and dolphins) that are known to exhibit vocal learning. Furthermore, songbirds possess a highly-evolved network of interconnected brain regions controlling vocal learning, vocal perception and vocal production. As such, songbirds allow researchers a unique opportunity to directly study vocal communication at the interface between brain and behaviour. The SNL studies the cognitive, neurobiological and behavioural substrates underlying songbirds highly evolved and specialized suite of communication behaviours. Current research focuses on vocal communication in one particular group of songbirds, the chickadees (e.g., Black-capped, Boreal, Carolina, Chestnut-backed, and Mountain chickadees).. Research in the SNL is currently aimed at understanding the cognitive, perceptual, evolutionary, developmental, and neural bases ...

Dark-eyed Junco: Medium-sized sparrow with considerable geographic color variation, although all exhibit a pink bill, dark eyes, white belly, and dark-centered tail with white outer feathers. Gray-headed form has gray head, rump, breast, and sides, and rust-brown back. Slate-colored form is slate-gray overall with darker head. Oregon form has black hood, chestnut-brown back and buff-brown flanks. White-winged form is blue-gray overall and shows two white wing bars. Pink-sided form is blue-gray with darker wings and pink-gray flanks. Female of each form resembles male but is usually paler. Juveniles of all forms are heavily streaked brown with darker heads, white bellies, and white outer tail feathers.

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Observed this leucitic Dark-eyed Junco most recently during my last count. Merlin ID identified it correctly but I had to research further to be sure. Being new to identifying the birds Im seeing I had no idea. Never seen one like this before.. ...

By Maxine Tinney As winter approaches in central Arizona, the common Dark-eyed Junco sometimes congregate along with other sparrows and warblers in coniferous forests. They may be seen pecking in leaf litter or searching for food in the underbrush. In backyards with feeders, theyre hopping and foraging on the ground for millet, sunflower seeds, and corn. A sudden movement or flash of noise may send the flock flying to nearby trees flashing their bright white tail feathers. In general, the Dark-eyed Juncos have a pale pinkish bill, gray/black heads, gray or brown backs and wings, gray/brown/pinkish flanks, and gray necks and breasts with a white belly. The Dark-eyed Junco species (Junco hyemalis) of the sparrow family in Yavapai County may consist of at least five recognizable populations or subspecies based on different sizes and colorations, genetics of the birds, how the bird communicates, and the frequency of hybridization. The smallest subspecies is the Oregon with dull gray or black head, ...

Depending on the exact population, the house wrens clutch is usually between two and eight red-blotched cream-white eggs,[13] weighing about 1.4 g (0.049 oz) each and measuring c.17 and 13.4 mm (0.67 and 0.53 in) at the widest points. Only the female incubates these, for around 12-19 days,[13] and she will every now and then leave the nest for various reasons. While she is on the nest, the male provisions her with food. The young, which like all passerines hatch almost naked and helpless, take another 15-19 days or so to fledge[14]. They are being fed by both parents, and need plenty of food given their tiny size (see also Bergmanns Rule). As the young near fledging, the parents spend much of their time procuring food for them. Brood loss due to predation was found to be light in the Southern Andean Yungas, with predation of nestling young being almost insignificant.[15] Known predators of house wrens at the nest include cats, rats, opossums, woodpeckers, foxes, raccoons, squirrels, snakes and ...

Estrogen, when present in early embryonic development, regulates sexual differentiation in the avian nestling and adult. In this study, I developed a procedure to extract and quantify levels (by radioimmunoassay) of the estrogen, 17[beta]-estradiol, in house wren (Troglodytes aedon) egg yolk. Levels of 17[beta]-estradiol found in one clutch of eggs increased with the order of laying, indicating female house wrens may be capable of regulating the levels of 17[beta]-estradiol received by the offspring. Since the attraction of mates is often aided by the display of sex differences, maternal control of 17[beta]-estradiol levels in the embryo may influence the future reproductive success of her offspring.

Learn about the House Wren; Their mating habits, nesting preference, feeding preference, birdhouses and other interesting House Wren facts.

Eggs. More than 100 host species have been recorded: Meadow Pipit, Dunnock and Eurasian Reed Warbler are the most common hosts in northern Europe; Garden Warbler, Meadow Pipit, Pied Wagtail and European Robin in central Europe; Brambling and Common Redstart in Finland; and Great Reed Warbler in Hungary.[3]. Female Common Cuckoos are divided into gentes - populations favouring a particular host species nest and laying eggs which match those of that species in colour and pattern. The colour pattern is inherited from the female only, suggesting that it is carried on the sex-determining W chromosome (females are WZ, males ZZ). Male Common Cuckoos breed with females without regard to gens. This results in gene flow between the gentes and maintains a common gene pool for the species (except for the genes on the W chromosome). It is notable that most non-parasitic cuckoo species lay white eggs, like most non-passerines other than ground-nesters.. As the Common Cuckoo evolves to lay eggs which are ...

Were all aware these days of the many ways that the genders are treated differently amongst humans. Similarly, I have noticed lately that bird photographers also tend to treat the genders differently. Google Red-winged Blackbird and take a look at the images. Nineteen of the first twenty photos that come up are of male Red-winged Blackbirds. This is much the same with other birds; the brightly colored and patterned males are much more likely to be photographed and identified than the less ostentatious females. It is possible to ascribe this imbalance to a natural preference for bright colors and sharp contrasts but this begs the question as to why that should be the case. Anyway, to redress the balance a little here are two photos of female birds: above is a female Red-winged Blackbird and below is a female Northern Flicker ...

House Wren: Small wren with brown head, nape, and back showing very fine dark brown bars, faint white eyebrows, and gray-brown underparts with fine brown bars on flanks and below tail. Wings and tail are brown with darker bars. Brown-throated Wrens have a bolder eyebrow and a darker throat. Northern birds are grayer overall with baring on the flanks. Southern birds have light brown upperparts and buff underparts. Bill is thin and slightly decurved.

Dutoit L, Mugal CF, Bolívar P, Wang M, Nadachowska-Brzyska K, Smeds L, Yazdi HP, Gustafsson L, Ellegren H Mol Ecol 27 (18) 3572-3581 [2018-09-00; online 2018-09-04] Bioinformatics Compute and Storage [Service] NGI Uppsala (SNP&SEQ Technology Platform) [Service] National Genomics Infrastructure [Service] QC bibliography QC xrefs PubMed 30055065. DOI 10.1111/mec.14789. Crossref 10.1111/mec.14789. BioProject: PRJEB2984 Whole genome sequencing and de novo assembly of the collared flycatcher. ...

Metaller är grundämnen som inte kan bildas eller förstöras av människan. De förekommer i mineraler i berggrunden och finns överallt på jorden. Människans användning av metaller har dock medfört att de återfinns i högre halter i miljön än de annars skulle gjort.. Trots att metallerna kan spridas och transporteras långa sträckor med luftmassorna, är det främst kring källorna, såsom metallindustrier, man kan hitta metaller i tillräckligt höga halter för att orsaka skada på växter och djur. I denna avhandling presenteras undersökningar av hur svartvit flugsnappare (Ficedula hypoleuca) påverkas kring två metallindustrier i norra Sverige. Det ena är en numera nedlagd blygruva med anrikningsverk i Laisvall, där vi studerade populationer av svartvit flugsnappare före och efter att industrin stängdes. Det andra är smältverket Rönnskärsverken, utanför Skelleftehamn, som varit i drift sedan 1930-talet. I föroreningsgradienten från smältverket studerades effekter av ...

by Vetscite. Adult songbirds modify their vocalizations when singing to juveniles in the same way that humans alter their speech when talking to babies. The resulting brain activity in young birds could shed light on speech learning and certain developmental disorders in humans, according to a study by McGill University researchers.. Lead author Jon Sakata, a professor of neurobiology at McGill, says that songbirds learn vocalizations like humans learn speech. Songbirds first listen to and memorize the sound of adult songs and then undergo a period of vocal practice-in essence, babbling-to master the production of song.. Researchers have been studying song learning in birds for some time. But the degree to which social interaction with adult birds contributes to that learning has been unclear. Thats because, unlike this current work, past studies didnt control for the time exposed to song and the presence of other birds.. In this study, published in the journal Proceedings of the National ...

2.4.1.251 GlcA-beta-(1->2)-D-Man-alpha-(1->3)-D-Glc-beta-(1->4)-D-Glc-alpha-1-diphospho-ditrans,octacis-undecaprenol 4-beta-mannosyltransferase ...

In this thesis, different genetic tools are used to investigate pre- and postzygotic barriers to gene exchange and their role in speciation in the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) and the collared flycatcher (F. albicollis). This species complex consists of four genetically distinct clades that apparently diverged in allopatry (I). Sequencing of introns from autosomal and Z-linked genes from the two species reveals signs of selection on the Z-chromosome. Sexual selection acting on Z-linked genes might explain this pattern (II). By using large-scale genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), introgression is observed at autosomal- but not Z-linked loci, mostly from the pied- to the collared flycatcher. Male plumage characters and genes involved in hybrid fitness are largely mapped to the Z-chromosome (III). By studying mate choice of female hybrids I show that there is a link between female preferences and the Z chromosome (IV). The rate of introgression in island versus clinal ...

Hybrid wood warblers, Dendroica striata x Dendroica castanea (Aves: Fringillidae: tribe Parulini) and the diagnostic predictability of avian hybrid ...

From whence the House Wren comes, or to what parts it retires during winter, is more than I have been able to ascertain. Although it is extremely abundant in the States of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Virginia, and Maryland, from the middle of April until the beginning of October, I have never been able to trace its motions, nor do I know of any naturalist in our own country, or indeed in any other, who has been more fortunate.

Chemical signaling is an underappreciated means of communication among birds, as may be the potential contributions of symbiotic microbes to animal chemical communication in general. The dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis) produces and detects volatile compounds that may be important in reproductive behavior. These compounds are found in preen oil secreted by the uropygial gland, and this gland supports diverse bacterial communities including genera known to produce some of these volatile compounds. We investigated the relative contributions of shared environments and genetic relatedness in shaping juncos symbiotic bacterial communities, and investigated whether these bacterial communities underlie juncos chemical signaling behavior. We sampled parents and nestlings at 9 junco nests during one breeding season at Mountain Lake Biological Station in Virginia, USA. From each individual, we collected swabs of the uropygial gland and the cloaca, preen oil, and a small blood sample for paternity testing. We

by Vetscite. Scientists from the University of British Columbia have shown that there is a genetic basis to the migratory routes flown by songbirds, and have narrowed in on a relatively small cluster of genes that may govern the behaviour.. Its amazing that the routes and timing of such complex behaviour could be genetically determined and associated with a very small portion of the genome, said researcher Kira Delmore, lead author of the paper published in Current Biology.. Whats even more amazing is that differences in this behaviour could be helping to maintain the huge diversity of songbirds we see in the natural world.. Seasonal migration is one of the most remarkable biological phenomena in the world, with routes spanning thousands of kilometres and involving billions of animals. Songbirds travel up to 15,000 kilometres, despite often weighing under ten grams. They undertake these journeys alone at night and return to the same locations year after year.. Delmore and her colleagues ...

The above improvements allow Bluebird to seamlessly adapt to industry advancements in cloud computing, the hosting environment, artificial intelligence, and blockchain capabilities. Since 2003, Bluebird Undergrounds mission is to provide customers the operational benefits of a purpose-built highly reliable advanced data center with all the protection and security inherent to an underground facility. Some of the customer benefits include measured power usage for cooling and hardware, hot/cold aisle containment, private colocation suites, Level 1 Technical support, and for those larger customers, attractive wholesale kW power rates. This, together with Bluebirds advanced Midwest fiber network, metro fiber build-outs in six Missouri cities, and direct wave services, allows Bluebird to offer attractive data center and network solutions to their customers.. Bluebird Network is proud to provide this additional data center space and capacity, perfectly aligned with the business and hosting ...

Blackbird Technologies… more Greylock VCs see good M&A market for strong startups, less acquihires Presenting Fieldhaven, the Bay Areas Most Exceptional Estate Blackbird Technologies co-founder Nikhil Raghavan is joining Etsy after it bought his… more Artificial intelligence startup Blackbird Technologies was acquired by Etsy on Monday for an undisclosed sum. Blackbird has less than a dozen staffers who will join Etsy as part of the acquisition, including co-founders Nikhil Raghavan (CEO) and Manju Rajashekhar (CTO). The Menlo Park-based company had not publicly disclosed any fundraising rounds. Blackbird Technologies co-founder Nikhil Raghavan is joining Etsy after it bought his… more The startup developed algorithms for natural language processing, deep learning-based image recognition and analytics that can be used by companies for personalized product searches. Raghavan and Rajashekhar worked on similar technologies ...

Researchers recently discovered some differences between the DNA of migratory and resident birds that can provide insight into the stresses that migratory birds face from their journey.. As part of a study published in The Auk: Ornithological Advances, lead author Carolyn Bauer and her colleagues examined telomeres in songbirds. Telomeres are the protective cap at the ends of the chromosome that stop the cells from aging and dying. When a cell replicates its DNA, a little bit of the telomere is shortened due to oxidative stress - the increased production of free radicals such as peroxides or other chemicals. This shortening of telomeres cannot be repaired, says Bauer, a postdoctoral scholar at North Dakota State University.. Bauer, who has had a longtime interest in telomeres and stress physiology, wanted to determine the differences in telomeres of migratory and resident dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis) in western Virginia. Birds are actually pretty easy to study telomeres in, she said, ...

In 1997, UK company, Bluebird Toys produced a collection of micro playsets based around Marvel Comics characters. The sets ranged from Spider-Man and Venom to the Hulk and X-Men. In this post I am taking a look at one of these playsets. This set is the X-Men Blackbird... which is bloomin X-cellent! - X-Men Blackbird Released as part of the Micro-Superstars Collection, the Blackbird is…

This little guy showed up last winter and has been a welcome and regular visitor to our feeder… we did not know what he was at first, but a little investigating revealed him to have a genetic mutation…. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Discovery and population genomics of structural variation in a songbird genus. AU - Weissensteiner, Matthias H.. AU - Bunikis, Ignas. AU - Catalán, Ana. AU - Francoijs, Kees-Jan. AU - Knief, Ulrich. AU - Heim, Wieland. AU - Peona, Valentina. AU - Pophaly, Saurabh D.. AU - Sedlazeck, Fritz J.. AU - Suh, Alexander. AU - Warmuth, Vera M.. AU - Wolf, Jochen B. W.. N1 - Correction at 10.1038/s41467-021-23640-9 PY - 2020/7/7. Y1 - 2020/7/7. N2 - Structural variation (SV) constitutes an important type of genetic mutations providing the raw material for evolution. Here, we uncover the genome-wide spectrum of intra- and interspecific SV segregating in natural populations of seven songbird species in the genus Corvus. Combining short-read (N = 127) and long-read re-sequencing (N = 31), as well as optical mapping (N = 16), we apply both assembly- and read mapping approaches to detect SV and characterize a total of 220,452 insertions, deletions and inversions. We exploit sampling across ...

Songbirds appear to have an extra chromosome in cells involved in sexual reproduction. The extra DNA could help explain why there are so many songbird species

Acta Ornithologica, published by the Museum and Institute of Zoology at the Polish Academy of Sciences, covers all fields of ornithology.

Long-term management planning for conservation-reliant migratory songbirds is particularly challenging because habitat quality in different stages and geographic locations of the annual cycle can have direct and carry-over effects that influence the population dynamics. The Neotropical migratory songbird Kirtlands warbler Setophaga kirtlandii (Baird 1852) is listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act and Near Threatened under the IUCN Red List. This conservation-reliant species is being considered for U.S. federal delisting because the species has surpassed the designated 1000 breeding pairs recovery threshold since 2001. To help inform the delisting decision and long-term management efforts, we developed a population simulation model for the Kirtlands warbler that incorporated both breeding and wintering grounds habitat dynamics, and projected population viability based on current environmental conditions and potential future management scenarios. Future management scenarios ...

Alaudidae: Eremophila alpestris (Horned Lark) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in eastern USA] MZN1951; Calcaridae: Calcarius lapponicus (Lapland Longspur) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA & Northern Prairies] MZN1951, Calcarius pictus (Smiths Longspur) [seeds comprise 25-50% of the diet in Illinois during spring] MZN1951, Plectrophenax nivalis (Snow Bunting) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in NE USA during winter] MZN1951; Emberizidae: Junco hyemalis (Dark-eyed Junco) [seeds comprise 5-10% of the diet in NE USA during winter & spring, seeds comprise 10-25% of the diet in the Prairie region during fall & winter] MZN1951; Passerculus sandwichensis (Savannah Sparrow) [seeds comprise 2-5% of the diet in the Southern Prairies during winter] MZN1951, Spizella pusilla (Field Sparrow) [seeds comprise 0.5-2% of the diet in NE USA, seeds comprise 5-10% of the diet in the Prairie region during winter & spring] MZN1951, Spizelloides arborea (American Tree Sparrow) [seeds comprise 2-5% of ...

Many morphological and life-history traits show phenotypic plasticity that can be described by reaction norms, but few studies have attempted individual-level analyses of reaction norms in the wild. We analyzed variation in individual reaction norms between laying date and three climatic variables (local temperature, local rainfall, and North Atlantic Oscillation) of 1126 female collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis) with a restricted maximum likehood linear mixed model approach using random-effect best linear unbiased predictor estimates for the elevation (i.e., expected laying date in the average environment) and slope (i.e., adjustment in laying date as a function of environment) of females reaction norms. Variation in laying date was best explained by local temperature, and individual females differed in both the elevation and the slope of their laying date-temperature reaction norms. As revealed by animal model analyses, there was weak evidence for additive genetic variance of elevation (h2 +/

Art Garfunkel once described his legendary musical chemistry with Paul Simon, We meet somewhere in the air through the vocal cords… . But a new study of duetting songbirds from Ecuador has offered another tune explaining the mysterious connection between successful performing duos. Its a link of their minds, and it happens, in fact, as […]. The post Duetting Songbirds Mute the Musical Mind of Their Partner to Stay in Sync, Researchers Find appeared first on Good News Network.. ...

Songbird Dulcimers - Welcome to the Songbird Dulcimers Blog! - Wood is constantly in motion.  The technical term is hygroscopic, meaning it will absorb or rel

For both pied flycatchers and blackcaps, our data obtained under the stationary sky can best be explained by Hypothesis 3. Birds use the stars as a compass only, and this compass most likely is based on geometrical recognition of star patterns learned during ontogeny, and therefore seems independent of celestial rotation and time later in life.. The pied flycatchers clearly oriented in more or less the normal migratory direction all night, even though the stars were stationary. No clear change in direction towards the end of the night, as would be expected if they had been performing true star navigation, was observed (Hypothesis 1a-c). In other words, they did not seem to perceive any longitudinal displacement during the night. Also, there was no gradual change in orientation consistent with a time-compensated star compass (Hypothesis 2).. The data on the blackcaps are less clearcut, probably because of the relatively low sample size (N=7). The data appear to show a turn towards the west in the ...

Identification record : Sulphur-bellied Warbler (Phylloscopus griseolus) is a bird which belongs to the family of Phylloscopidés and the order of Passeriformes.

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Definition of Rock wren. What does Rock wren mean? Meaning of Rock wren. Rock wren synonyms, pronunciation, spelling and more from Free Dictionary.

Background. The genetic benefits of mate choice are limited by the degree to which male and female fitness are genetically correlated. If the intersexual correlation for fitness is small or negative, choosing a highly fit mate does not necessarily result in high fitness offspring.. Methodology/Principal Finding. Using an animal-model approach on data from a pedigreed population of over 7,000 collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis), we estimate the intersexual genetic correlation in Lifetime Reproductive Success (LRS) in a natural population to be negative in sign (−0.85±0.6). Simulations show this estimate to be robust in sign to the effects of extra-pair parentage. The genetic benefits in this population are further limited by a low level of genetic variation for fitness in males.. Conclusions/Significance. The potential for indirect sexual selection is nullified by sexual antagonistic fitness effects in this natural population. Our findings and the scarce evidence from other studies ...

Den här ekorren har räknat ut att den kan få något gott hos min mormor. This squirrel has figured out that it can get something good to ea ...

Background Chicks of virulent brood parasitic birds eliminate their nestmates and avoid costly competition for foster parental care. Yet, efforts to evict nest contents by the blind and naked common cuckoo Cuculus canorus hatchling are counterintuitive as both adult parasites and large older cuckoo chicks appear to be better suited to tossing the eggs and young of the foster parents. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we show experimentally that egg tossing imposed a recoverable growth cost of mass gain in common cuckoo chicks during the nestling period in nests of great reed warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus hosts. Growth rates of skeletal traits and morphological variables involved in the solicitation of foster parental care remained similar between evictor and non-evictor chicks throughout development. We also detected no increase in predation rates for evicting nests, suggesting that egg tossing behavior by common cuckoo hatchlings does not increase the conspicuousness of nests. Conclusion The

Begging signals given by nestling birds may advertise their condition or quality and parents may respond by allocating their resources in relation to begging intensity. In order for such signals to be honest, they must be costly to produce. The aim of this project was to investigate the role of nestling endogenous testosterone (T) as a potential mechanism to control begging signals in pied flycatchers, Ficedula hypoleuca. Androgen levels were analysed from invasive and non-invasive (faecal) samples using T radioimmunoassay. In the laboratory, nestling begging behaviour was measured as: 1) the duration of begging displays and 2) the maximum height of begging stretches. It was found that individual nestlings begging most intensively had the highest circulating levels of T immediately after testing. This relationship was tested experimentally by dosing nestlings with oral doses of T and assessing the effects on nestling begging signals. The results showed that the duration of begging displays by ...

BackgroundAvian keratin disorder (AKD) is an epizootic of debilitating beak deformities, first documented in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) in Alaska during the late 1990s. Similar deformities have now been recorded in dozens of species of birds across multiple continents. Despite this, the etiology of AKD has remained elusive, making it difficult to assess the impacts of this disease on wild populations. We previously identified an association between infection with a novel picornavirus, Poecivirus, and AKD in a small cohort of black-capped chickadees.MethodsTo test if the association between Poecivirus and AKD holds in a larger study population, we used targeted PCR followed by Sanger sequencing to screen 124 symptomatic and asymptomatic black-capped chickadees for Poecivirus infection. We further compared the efficacy of multiple non-terminal field sampling methods (buccal swabs, cloacal swabs, fecal samples, and blood samples) for Poecivirus screening. Finally, we used both in situ

The rapid geographic spread of West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) across the United States has stimulated interest in comparative host infection studies to delineate competent avian hosts critical for viral amplification. We compared the host competence of four taxonomically related blackbird species (Icteridae) after experimental infection with WNV and with two endemic, mosquito-borne encephalitis viruses, western equine encephalomyelitis virus (family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, WEEV), and St, Louis encephalitis virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, SLEV). We predicted differences in disease resistance among the blackbird species based on differences in life history, because they differ in geographic range and life history traits that include mating and breeding systems. Differences were observed among the response of these hosts to all three viruses, Red-winged Blackbirds were more susceptible to SLEV than Brewers Blackbirds, whereas Brewers Blackbirds were more

Chickadees are one of the easiest birds to attract to feeders, for suet, sunflower, and peanuts. They dont mind using tiny hanging feeders that swing in the wind, and also readily visit window feeders. Planting willow, alder, and birch trees provides future nesting habitat for chickadees. Find out more about what this bird likes to eat and what feeder is best by using the Project FeederWatch Common Feeder Birds bird list.. Feeders and nest boxes are often used by chickadees; consider putting up a nest box to attract a breeding pair. Make sure you put it up well before breeding season. Attach a guard to keep predators from raiding eggs and young. Black-capped Chickadees are especially attracted to a box when it is filled with sawdust or wood shavings. To keep wrens out of boxes you want chickadees to nest in, place nest boxes at least 60 feet into a wooded area. The compass orientation of the entrance hole probably does not matter at all, but chickadees do seem to prefer an unobstructed path to ...

article{7271b760-00d4-4577-98c6-60c0b9795bca, abstract = {We studied the phylogeny of avian haemosporidian parasites, Haemoproteus and Plasmodium, in a number of African resident and European migratory songbird species sampled during spring and autumn in northern Nigeria. The phylogeny of the parasites was constructed through sequencing part of their mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. We found eight parasite lineages, five Haemoproteus and three Plasmodium, infecting multiple host species. Thus, 44% of the 18 haemospiridian lineages found in this study were detected in more than one host species, indicating that host sharing is a more common feature than previously thought. Furthermore, one of the Plasmodium lineages infected species from different host families, Sylviidae and Ploceidae, expressing exceptionally large host range. We mapped transmission events, e.g. the occurrence of the parasite lineages in resident bird species in Europe or Africa, onto a phylogenetic tree. This yielded three ...

The decline of long distance migratory songbirds has been linked to an increasing mismatch between spring arrival date and timing of food availability caused by climate change. It is unclear to what extent individuals can adjust migration timing or en route rate in response to annual variation in temperature at breeding sites. We tracked the ca. 7300 km spring migration of 52 purple martins Progne subis from the Amazon basin to two breeding sites in eastern North America. Spring 2012 was the warmest on record in eastern North America, but contrary to predictions, this did not result in earlier departure, faster migration, or earlier arrival at breeding areas compared with earlier years. Temperatures and rainfall in the Amazon basin at the time of departure were not higher in 2012, and conditions along migration routes did not give consistent signals of a warmer spring at the breeding site. Once in North America, individuals likely had limited opportunity to speed up their migration because this final

Ficedula parva (es); Red-breasted Flycatcher (en); Burung Sambar Api Bukit (ms); Gwybesser bron gough (kw); червеногуша мухоловка (bg); Ficedula parva (ro); 紅喉姬鶲 (zh-hk); muchárik malý (sk); Мухоловка мала (uk); 紅喉姬鶲 (zh-hant); 红喉姬鹟 (zh-cn); গলমণিকা নাচনী (as); Malgranda muŝkaptulo (eo); Црвеногушесто муварче (mk); Skybbyltagh cleeau yiarg (gv); লালগলা চুটকি (bn); Gobemouche nain (fr); Пĕчĕк шăна кайăкĕ (cv); Ficedula parva (vi); mazais mušķērājs (lv); Dǫ́ʼiiyiyiitsahí yázhí bizééʼ halchíʼígíí (nv); 红喉姬鹟 (zh-sg); Хурган намнаа (mn); dvergflugesnappar (nn); dvergfluesnapper (nb); Red-breasted Flycatcher (en); خاطف الذباب أحمر الصدر (ar); Flouperig jave ruz (br); kis légykapó (hu); Ficedula parva (eu); Ficedula parva (ast); papamosques menut (ca); Ваҡ себен турғайы (ba); Zwergschnäpper ...

Of the skeletal muscles and heart masses examined in this study, only heart mass increased significantly with cold acclimation, and photoperiod did not significantly influence any of the muscle masses. Similar increases in both Ṁsum and heart mass in winter relative to summer for species wintering in cold climates (Swanson, 2010; Liknes and Swanson, 2011a) suggest that winter increments of heart mass are an important and general contributor to metabolic adjustments to cold climates in small birds. Moreover, these data suggest that temperature is the prominent driver of summer to winter variation in exercise organs in birds and that increases in heart mass in response to elevated thermogenic demands help drive winter increases in organismal thermogenic capacity. Heart mass is also positively correlated with maximum exercise metabolic capacity within individual house sparrows, Passer domesticus (Chappell et al., 1999), and red junglefowl, Gallus gallus (Hammond et al., 2000), suggesting that ...

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Phylu: Chordata They also have white feathers visible on both sides of the tail when the bird is perching. Fiscal Flycatchers are attractive and lovely birds to have in ones garden. The Fiscal Flycatcher is endemic (or restricted) to southern Africa; this includes much of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, but also the southern parts of Botswana and Mozambique. Download fiscal flycatcher free images from StockFreeImages. The nest, built by the female alone, is a robust open cup made of a combination of grass stalks, everlastings, slangbos and other plant material. Imitating the calls of other birds is a talent many bird species have but its ecological use is still not clear. Because of their similar appearance, the Fiscal Flycatcher may pretend to be the Common Fiscal. Browse 190 paradise flycatcher stock photos and images available, or search for asian paradise flycatcher to find more great stock photos and pictures. Genus: Melaenornis. The Fiscal Flycatcher gets its English and Afrikaans ...

In the early evening the sun shone but this was only a window of light before the thunderstorms were to start. I never the less headed towards Hellesjøvannet where a Great Reed Warbler (trostesanger) was heard on Monday. On the way I had three Honey Buzzards (vepsevåk) and a Hobby (lerkefalk) over the road and it looks like these late migrants are arriving in force. The Honey Buzzards showed very well although I underestimated how much I needed to adjust the exposure with the closest pictures. One bird was very pale and could almost suggest an Osprey. Looking at the pictures all three appear to be males due to limited barring on the flight feathers and grey heads. At Tuentangen two male Red-backed Shrikes showed distantly but I got my first picture of one for the year ...

In this study, we show for both sexes of the dark-eyed junco that EPO have higher lifetime reproductive success than WPO. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which EPP has been shown to increase lifetime reproductive success of adult offspring in a free-living songbird. In the only similar previous study, the reproductive success of adult female F1 EPO coal tits (Parus ater) did not differ from that of female F1 WPO, and adult male F1 EPO had lower apparent (social) reproductive success than did male F1 WPO. However, extra-pair siring success of F1 males was not measured, and therefore adult genetic reproductive success could not be calculated [16-18].. In many species, there is no obvious benefit to female fitness from mating with an extra-pair male, and some have even hypothesized that extra-pair mating should carry a cost to offspring production or survival [34,35] (although not in juncos [21]; see also [36]). This lack of a cost to females, combined with the observed twofold benefit ...

In parasite-host interactions, there may be many lines of defence. As a NERC-funded Post-doctoral Research Associate with Prof. Nick Davies, we investigated how interactions between individuals can protect the hosts reproductive investment. Cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) use visual signals to mimic the Sparrowhawk, a host predator, but reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) use social information from their neighbours to tell the difference. Our results show that this in turn has selected for another cuckoo trick; cuckoo females are polymorphic to beat these host defences. Cuckoos are declining rapidly so we are now investigating how offences and defences vary in our changing world. (4) Plant signals and animal pollination. I am also interested in interactions at the interface of plants and animals. Sandra Anderson (http://www.bioscienceresearch.co.nz/staff/sandra-anderson/ ) (University of Auckland) and I are exploring how plant-pollinator mutualisms change with the introduction and naturalisation ...

Californias tenacious drought is imperiling the tri-colored blackbird in states Central Valley.. The Fresno Bee reported Sunday that the water shortage may force the blackbird to nest on farmland instead of dry sanctuaries.. The birds perish in large numbers if nesting on farmlands undergoing harvest. Central Valley farmers are expected to harvest as early as possible because of feed and water prices are skyrocketing, bypassing available financial assistance to delay their harvest. The money for delaying the harvest was created by a financial settlement between environmental and agricultural interests.. Most of the worlds tri-colored blackbirds live in California. The three million blackbirds in California in the 1930s have dwindled to about 250,000 today.. Environmentalist fear the bird will land on Endangered Species Act protection lists if current conditions persist.. ...

Prints of MAW-78 Cuckoo young in nest being fed by Reed Warbler UK Cuculus canorus Cuckoo s are brood parasites... ♥ Framed Photos, Premium Framing, Photographic Prints, Jigsaw Puzzles, Poster Prints, Canvas Prints, Fine Art Prints, Mounted Photos

One of the abundant benefits to keeping a nature journal, whether a blog or a book, is the opportunity to analyze species counts at your favorite birding spots over time. For example, Ive been in the practice of visiting Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx every January. The main draw is Rusty Blackbird, a species that winters there and can be located with virtual certainty at the wooden bridge connecting the sports fields to the Golf Course.. I dropped in to spot said blackbirds, a feat more difficult than I expected. In past years, the rusty blackbirds congregated in large, raucous flocks. While I wouldnt describe them as confiding, they were possessed of the kind of swaggering confidence one typically associates with icterids. This year, I only found a couple of birds and they seemed downright skittish. I wonder if they caught wind of that grackle poisoning plot in Texas. What else could sap blackbird braggadocio?. While rusty and red-winged blackbirds were scarce, the other birds Ive come to ...

Starlings have a bad rap. This is perhaps almost entirely due to the Common Starling, a species that is, over much of its range, an introduced pest. If Common Starlings havent been introduced somewhere then Common Mynas almost certainly have, and they are also invasive and destructive little menaces, and by dint of taxonomic association, kin. Even where Common Starlings are not introduced, their homeland of Europe, they are hardly loved. Where the common Blue Tit or European Robin has won many people over, familiarity has bred for the starling nothing but contempt.. This is grossly unfair. Starlings and mynas are adaptable, attractive and clever species. And they have done well for themselves. One must travel to Africa and Asia to marvel at their diversity, and it is in Africa that you may come across one attractive species, the Red-winged Starling. Cape Town in South Africa is a great place to see this species, as like Common Starlings it is happy to associate with people and I was able to get ...

Portions of a songbirds brain that control how it sings have been shown to decay within 24 hours of the animal losing its hearing.. The findings, by researchers at Duke University Medical Center, show that deafness penetrates much more rapidly and deeply into the brain than previously thought. As the size and strength of nerve cell connections visibly changed under a microscope, researchers could even predict which songbirds would have worse songs in coming days.. When hearing was lost, we saw rapid changes in motor areas in that control song, the birds equivalent of speech, said senior author Richard Mooney, Ph.D., professor of neurobiology at Duke. This study provided a laser-like focus on what happens in the living songbird brain, narrowed down to the particular cell type involved.. Like humans, songbirds depend on hearing to learn their mating songs - males that sing poorly dont attract mates, so hearing a song, learning it, and singing correctly are all critical for songbird ...

Four closely related North American bird forms-the eastern Myrtle Warbler (ssp coronata), its western counterpart, Audubons Warbler (ssp group auduboni), the northwest Mexican Black-fronted Warbler (ssp nigrifrons), and the Guatemalan Goldmans Warbler (ssp goldmani)-are periodically lumped as the Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga coronata). This is a mid-sized New World warbler, though it is one of the largest species in the Setophaga genus (formerly Dendroica) which comprises a lions share of the species in the family. In total length, the species can range from 12 to 15 cm (4.7 to 5.9 in) long, with a wingspan of 19 to 24 cm (7.5 to 9.4 in). Body mass can vary from 9.9 to 17.7 g (0.35 to 0.62 oz), though averages between 11 and 14 g (0.39 and 0.49 oz). Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 6.3 to 8.4 cm (2.5 to 3.3 in), the tail is 5 to 6.6 cm (2.0 to 2.6 in), the bill is 0.8 to 1.1 cm (0.31 to 0.43 in) and the tarsus is 1.8 to 2.2 cm (0.71 to 0.87 in).[4] In

Title: Behavioral and physiological responses to simulated territorial intrusions of short- and long-range song in male dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis)  Author: Ferguson, S. M., Reichard, D. G., Rosvall, K. A., Whittaker, D. J., Ketterson, E. D Date: 2013-03-29 ...

The superfamily Certhioidea is distributed on four continents and while comprising relatively few species, includes forms as diverse as creepers, nuthatches, gnatcatchers, and wrens. Previous attempts to infer the phylogeny of this lineage have focused on its higher-level relationships, consequently undersampling the New World wrens. This study reports the first nearly genus-level sampling of certhioids, based on concatenated and species tree analyses of 8520 bases of DNA sequence data from six gene regions. These analyses, while failing to completely resolve basal certhioid relationships, corroborate the monophyly of a diverse New World clade of gnatcatchers, gnatwrens, and wrens, and significantly improve our understanding of wren relationships. The inferred relationships among certhioids and wrens support an Old World origin for these lineages, with dispersal of the New World clade in the mid-Miocene, suggesting expansion and early diversification of the lineage through North America. This ...

6 menu pages, ⭐ 241 reviews - Bluebird Ranch Restaurant menu in Machias. Menu Restrictions. View the menu, check prices, find on the map, see photos and ratings. This is Fawcetts Bluebird Ranch Tag 268 by Focus Marketing Group on Vimeo, the home for high quality videos and the people who love them. Latest reviews, photos and ratings for The Bluebird Ranch Family Restaurant at 78 Main St in Machias - view the menu, ⏰hours, ☎️phone number, ☝address and map. The property, formerly known as Arrowhead Hill, features two event structures, 10 cottages and three residential structures. Located in West Tennessee. Add to wishlist Add to compare #3 of 23 restaurants in Machias . Located just 90 minutes west of Denver, Granby Ranch is a family friendly community with skiing, hiking, fly fishing, mountain biking, and golfing. This is Fawcetts Bluebird Ranch Tag 710 by Focus Marketing Group on Vimeo, the home for high quality videos and the people who love them. 3 E Main St Machias, ME 04654 ...

The direct route from HVC to RA is the song-production freeway. It conveys the neural signals needed to generate song, and if its disrupted at any time in a birds life, song breaks down. Another more circuitous path from HVC to RA veers off into the anterior forebrain. This pathway is not essential for song production per se, but disruptions to it in juvenile birds cause serious deficits in song learning.. Many researchers have been pecking away at this anterior forebrain pathway (AFP) in search of clues about the mechanisms of song learning. At the conference, several reported on their latest attempts to puzzle out its role in song learning. Although the picture is still somewhat fuzzy, one thing is coming into focus: The circuitry seen in songbirds is not unique.. David Perkel of the University of Washington, Seattle, presented evidence that the AFP is wired up much like the mammalian basal ganglia. This is the network of brain nuclei that goes haywire in Parkinsons disease; it plays a key ...

Two recent papers analysing nuclear DNA sequence data shed new light on the origin of perching birds (Passeriformes) and the structure of their radiation. Both papers find that the New Zealand wrens Acanthisitta fall at the base of the passerine radiation, implying an origin of this clade in Gondwana. Additionally, among oscine passerines (songbirds), both papers fail to support a sister group relationship between the largely Australo-Papuan Corvida and the Afro-Eurasian Passerida, as outlined in Sibley and Ahlquists tapestry. Rather, they converge on a phylogeny in which the Passerida is nested within the Corvida, suggesting an origin of songbirds in eastern Gondwana (Australia plus New Guinea). Finally, a Cretaceous origin of passerine birds is supported by the new data, albeit more on grounds of biogeography than of molecular clocks. The new papers solidify a synthesis of paleontological, phylogenetic and molecular data that has been growing over the past decade, and pave the way for a new ...

The Blackbird The Blackbird is a no-nonsense snowboard goggle which features a timeless and classic frame design and comes at an excellent value. Coming with two lenses for a range of conditions, the Blackbird goggle is an easy choice to complete your winter kit. The soft flexing frame makes this one of the most confo

Parrots, hummingbirds and songbirds are among the only birds capable of vocal learning. They join humans, bats, elephants, sea lions, whales, dolphins and porpoises as the only animals with this talent. While of course unable to understand language as people do, such animals can memorize long sequences of words. Dogs, for instance, can understand some words spoken by humans when trained, but can only bark to communicate.. Specialized areas in the forebrain give parrots, hummingbirds and songbirds the power to use vocal motor control, which allows them to imitate sound. These areas control cells in the brainstem that manipulate the muscles used to produce sound. Birds that cannot learn vocally lack forebrain structures that include the HVC and RA nuclei, parts of the motor pathway for song, and additional structures called Area X and LMAN, which form the pathway for song learning.. Brain size doesnt really matter - the structure matters more, Jarvis said, adding that there are seven structures ...

A favorite summer pastime is watching the birds at my camper. There are all sorts of birds, but a favorite is the house wren. Last year I made PVC birdhouses and a pair of bluebirds started building in it and then abandoned it. I cleaned it out and a house wren pair is nesting in it. The male sings all day flitting from perch to perch near the nest. Sometimes he sits on the roof and leans over singing to the female inside. How romantic!! Toni and I checked the nest (its easy to do with these birdhouses) and inside are 4 eggs- ...

Opens the Highlight Feature Bar and highlights feature annotations from the FEATURES table of the record. The Highlight Feature Bar can be used to navigate to and highlight other features and provides links to display the highlighted region separately. Links in the FEATURES table will also highlight the corresponding region of the sequence. More... ...

Cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of superb fairy-wrens, leaving all the hard work of raising the chicks to the wrens. But superb fairy-wrens have a remarkable strategy for recognizing their own chicks. They teach their young a secret password that helps distinguish them from. . . Read More ...

Cuckoos lay their eggs in the nests of superb fairy-wrens, leaving all the hard work of raising the chicks to the wrens. But superb fairy-wrens have a remarkable strategy for recognizing their own chicks. They teach their young a secret password that helps distinguish them from. . . Read More ...

I would think Songbird will have the 3YO filly championship locked up. HOY is probably out of the question, unless she jumps up and wins the BC Classic...though I doubt her connections will consider it, since they decided to run against the ladies once again in the Cotillion. It wouldnt be a good move to come out of her division and try the BC Classic the first time she runs against males. It does look like they are raking in the wins with Songbird, but I believe there is something else behind keeping Songbird in her division. It goes back to the 2008 Kentucky Derby when Songbirds owner ran his 3YO filly against the boys for the first time in the Kentucky Derby...she ran a brilliant 2nd, but ended up breaking down. Her name was Eight Belles and I have to feel the owner has that fateful day in the back of his mind and could be why Songbird hasnt tried the boys to date ...

Artificial light at night has fatal consequences for many nocturnal animals. Millions of insects, for example, die each year through the attraction to street lamps. Migratory birds get distracted by artificial night light, and consequently, go astray and even crash into illuminated high-rise buildings. Although artificial light has not always such fatal impact, it nevertheless can have a substantial influence on an animals life. This problem was investigated by Bart Kempenaers and colleagues from the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Seewiesen in five species of songbirds. They studied the effect of street lighting at the outskirts of forest habitat on the song behaviour of male birds. Indeed, males from four out of five species started to sing earlier in the morning than males that lived in locations without artificial night light. This effect was most pronounced for those species known to engage in early dawn singing. For example, male robins living near street lights started singing on ...

Mrs. B is here for mealworms. She and the Mister are still feeding the fledglings somewhere out in the woods, but I havent seen them yet. July has been pretty quiet in the backyard bird world - though we are still getting sporadic visits from bluebirds, blue jays, cardinals, grackles, red-winged blackbirds, cowbirds, goldfinches, chipping sparrows,…

As a case study for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification in species for which little or no sequence information is available, we investigated several approaches to identifying SNPs in two passerine bird species: pied and collared flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca and F. albicollis). All approaches were successful in identifying sequence polymorphism and over 50 candidate SNPs per species were identified from ≈ 9.1 kb of sequence. In addition, 17 sites were identified in which the frequency of alternative bases differed by , 50% between species (termed interspecific SNPs). Interestingly, polymorphism of microsatellite/intron loci in the source species appeared to be a positive predictor of nucleotide diversity in homologous flycatcher sequences. The overall nucleotide diversity of flycatchers was 2.3-2.7 × 10−3, which is ≈ 3-6 times higher than observed in recent studies of human SNPs. Higher nucleotide diversity in the avian genome could be due to the relatively older age of ...

Bluebird: Bluebird, any of the three species of the North American genus Sialia of the chat-thrush group (family Turdidae, order Passeriformes). The eastern bluebird (S. sialis), 14 cm

Until the 1970s, this bird and the Alder Flycatcher masqueraded as just one species under the name Traills Flycatcher. They are essentially identical in looks, but their voices are different. Either kind may be found in thickets of either willow or alder shrubs, but their ranges are largely separate: Alder Flycatchers spend the summer mostly in Canada and Alaska, while Willow Flycatchers nest mostly south of the Canadian border.

Luxton Steps, River Teign, Devon This Robin landed within an arms length of me, so close you can just about see my reflection in its eye.

This release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding the research, development and advancement of bluebird bios immuno-oncology product candidates and CAR T research programs. Any forward-looking statements are based on managements current expectations of future events and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from those set forth in or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risk that bluebird bios immuno-oncology research programs will be unsuccessful and not identify any viable product candidates or will not be safe or effective in clinical trials, the risk of cessation or delay of any of the planned clinical studies and/or our development of our immuno-oncology product candidates, the risk of a delay in the enrollment of patients in the ...

Duke University scientists have parsed the role of the Huntingtons disease gene in an area of the songbirds brain responsible for complex, sequential movements. These findings not only give a clearer view of how the genetic mutation that causes Huntingtons disease alters brain and behavior, it may also offer a new therapeutic target for treatment.

Brood parasitic birds lay their eggs in other birds nests, leaving hosts to raise their offspring. To understand parasite-host coevolutionary arms races, many studies have examined host responses to experimentally introduced eggs. However, attending parents often need to be flushed from their nests to add experimental eggs. If these birds witness parasitism events, they may recognize and reject foreign eggs more readily than parents who did not. We found that, after being flushed, female blackbirds, Turdus merula, remained close to their nests. Flushed females were more likely to eject foreign eggs and did so more quickly than females that were not flushed during experimentation. In contrast, flushing did not predict responses and latency to responses to parasitism by song thrush, Turdus philomelos, which flew farther from their nests and likely did not witness experimental parasitism. When statistically considering flushing, previously published conclusions regarding both species response to

Birdhouses are the perfect gift to accentuate your patio, lawn, garden, deck, and home. Wakefield premium birdhouses are hand-crafted in the USA and made from a light-colored cedar wood. Cedar wood is an ideal material for birdhouses because it is weather-resistant, allowing for outside use all year long. The light-colored wood provides insulation to keep baby birds cool in the summertime and reduces the risk of overheating in the nest.. The Wakefield Post-Mount Bird House provides protection from the cold and elements for most common backyard birds including wrens, chickadees, nuthatches, and titmice. Its enclosed design provides protection against predators, heavy rain and harsh snow.. The front hole is 1.5 inches wide and features a perch for small birds to comfortably stand and clean their beaks. Two different-sized predator guards are included, adding additional protection for the birds and enabling you to change the hole opening size, which can vary depending on the type of bird you are ...

While this is the first study that establishes the Great tit as a part-time bat predator, this is (as usual) not really a new discovery. As Estók et al. (2009) note, bats that appear to have been killed by Great tits have been discovered at or around caves before (in Poland and Sweden). Given the remarkable opportunism of this flexible species we should expect it to take advantage of new food sources. Murderous tendencies!. Though mostly feeding on insects and seeds (in the winter, 90% of the northern European Great tit diet consists of plant material*), the Great tit is fairly powerful and formidable for its size, and can use its bill to break into hazelnuts and acorns. Its also an accomplished raider of caches created by other passerines (in particular those of the smaller Marsh tit Poecile palustris and Coal tit Periparus ater**; unlike these species, the Great tit does not [in general] hoard food), and its even been reported to use tools (conifer needles) to winkle insect larvae out ...

The quintessential early bird who catches the worm, robins are common birds around the world known for their orange breasts and cheery songs. They are one of the first birds to start the dawn chorus and one of the last to stop singing at night. Robins are a familiar site in towns and cities, as well as woodlands, forests, mountains and tundra.. European robins have bright orange/red chests and are the most distinctive robin family species. The New Zealand robin and the North American robin are brown in color. Australasian robins are small with stocky builds and rounded heads.. Robins are omnivorous animals who feed on both plants and animals. Robins eat mostly insects and worms by swooping down on them or by ground foraging. Robins may perch on tree branches and in hedgerows watching for prey. When ground foraging, robins will run a few steps, then stop abruptly. In long grass they may fly or hop just above the ground. Robins often spot their prey by staring, motionless, at the soil with their ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Mechanisms associated with an advance in the timing of seasonal reproduction in an urban songbird. AU - Fudickar, Adam M.. AU - Greives, Timothy J.. AU - Abolins-Abols, Mikus. AU - Atwell, Jonathan W.. AU - Meddle, Simone L.. AU - Friis, Guillermo. AU - Stricker, Craig A.. AU - Ketterson, Ellen D.. N1 - Funding Information: We would like to thank Alexander Kauffman at UCSD for use of lab space and equipment and Tim Gentner at UCSD for serving as our representative to the IACUC. John McCormack and Brant Faircloth assisted with sequencing of the junco reference genome and provided support to GF. Jessica Graham, Emily Stewart, Katie Needham, Rachel Hanauer, Alex Hughes, Abby Kimmitt, Sam Slowinski, and Charli Taylor helped to collect and process samples. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (IOS-1257474 to EK and IOS-1257527 to TG). SM acknowledges Roslin Institute strategic grant funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council ...

In Canadas boreal forest, the impact of timber harvesting on bird populations is complicated, differing by species, region, forest type, harvest prescription, length of time after harvest, and so on. Forest harvesting may cause changes in bird species composition, diversity and abundance, and these changes can be positive, neutral or negative, depending on the species and the types of habitat that it uses.. For example, early successional species such as mourning warbler (Oporornis philadelphia), chestnut-sided warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica) and white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) benefit from harvesting, as they prefer a younger forest. But some forest-dependent species, such as brown creeper (Certhia Americana), boreal chickadee (Poecile hudsonica) and ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) are sensitive to the loss of old forest habitat.. Other species, such as woodpeckers, require dead or dying trees for nesting and feeding, while others require the cavities created by woodpeckers in ...

Xenicus gilviventris).. This bird is found in the South Island on exposed slopes of the Southern Alps, among rocks above the forest line. It is a tiny bird, without a tail, of yellowish-green colour on the back and a rusty-brown beneath; the male and the female are similar but the male is more brightly coloured. The rock wren is slightly larger than the rifleman and, like it, has a high-pitched call. It usually inhabits areas beyond the ordinary haunts of man.. The rock wren makes its nest among boulders which may be covered by snow for some months in midwinter. The nest has a tiny circular opening, about 1 in. in diameter, which leads to a larger globular area made of mosses, leaves, and tussock, and lined with feathers of other birds. These feathers are replaced when they become damp. Both male and female look after the young, and they drag large insects through the tiny opening to feed the fledglings of which two to five are born in spring. The rock wrens have only a short flight, but they ...

Robin nestlings in their nest. The American Robin, Turdus migratorius, is a migratory songbird in the thrush family. At this stage in development, the nestlings eyes are sealed shut. - Stock Image C025/0612

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