TY - JOUR. T1 - Studies by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and distance geometry of the solution conformation of the α-amylase inhibitor Tendamistat. AU - Kline, Allen D.. AU - Braun, Werner. AU - Wüthrich, Kurt. PY - 1986/5/20. Y1 - 1986/5/20. N2 - This is a preliminary report on the determination of the solution conformation of the α-amylase inhibitor Tendamistat by nuclear magnetic resonance and distance geometry calculations. A characterization is given of the complete polypeptide backbone fold and the side-chains of the presumed active site in this protein. These results are based on complete sequence-specific resonance assignments, a list of 401 distance constraints from nuclear Overhauser effects, 168 distance constraints from hydrogen bonds and disulphide bridges, and 50 torsion angle constraints from measurements of spin-spin coupling constants.. AB - This is a preliminary report on the determination of the solution conformation of the α-amylase inhibitor Tendamistat by nuclear ...

EN] Experimental study of the kinetic behavior and the equilibrium state of foam films formed from mixed aqueous solutions of bovine serum albumin and n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside; using data from it for the evaluation of co-adsorption of BSA on the film phase boundaries and utterance hypothesis of the composition of the films. The aim of the present study was implemented through the following tasks: • to study the interaction between albumin and n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside in mixed solutions with two independent methods; • to test the surface activity of the individual solution of BSA, C12G2 and their mixed solutions with different molar ratio between the components in them; • to determine the thickness and composition of the adsorption layers formed from solutions of BSA, C12G2 or their mixed solutions, by atomic force microscopy; • to register the evolutions (from formation of the film to its equilibrium state) of the foam films from solutions of BSA, C12G2 or their mixed solutions by a ...

The promotion of expansion of mortars containing a reactive aggregate in 1N NaCl solution at 38 C was attributed to a rise of OH{sup {minus}} ion concentration in the pore solution in the mortars. However, it is ambiguous whether the promotion of expansion of mortars in sea water at a room temperature can be explained in the same way as in NaCl solution at an elevated temperature. This study aims at pursuing the expansion behavior of mortars containing a reactive aggregate relating it to their pore solution composition and the extent of alkali-silica reaction occurring within reactive grains. The alkali-silica reaction in mortars in sea water and 0.5 1N NaCl solution at 20 C appears to progress differently from that in mortars in 1N NaCl solution at an elevated temperature of 38 C. The promotion of expansion of mortars in sea water at 20 C was found to be responsible for an effect of Cl{sup {minus}} ions in the alkali-silica reaction at early stages of immersion. Only when OH{sup {minus}} ion ...

SiC-C solid solution powders have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR). The XRD data reveal a previously unreported phase separation of the as-synthesized material into two cubic silicon carbide phases characterized by slightly different lattice parameters [4.35287(9) and 4.35841(6) Å]. The 29Si MAS NMR spectra of the powders after different heat treatments (annealing in a vacuum and high-pressure sintering) show that the small excess of carbon (, 1 at %) in the β-SiC crystal structure has a large influence on the 29Si chemical shift resulting in a displacement of the 29Si MAS NMR peak from -18.5 ppm to lower field. At least five nonequivalent silicon sites have been detected in Si1-x-C1+x: the solid solution formed by high-pressure sintering (4 GPa, 1800 °C) of the as-synthesized SiC-C powder. These sites are assigned to point (carbon antisite) defects in the cubic silicon carbide structure.. ...

In the present study we report the synthesis, crystal structure and Raman spectroscopy studies of Na1-xKxPb4(VO4)(3) orthovanaclates solid solutions (0 ,= x ,= 1). Rielveld refinements showed that this solid solution is continuous adopting P6(3)/m (no. 176) space group. Some of Pb(II) cations are located in the (6 h) sites. The ninefold coordination sites (4f) are equally occupied by the other lead cations and the K+ and Na+ monovalent ions. The structure can be described as built up from [VO4](3-) tetrahedral and Ph2+ of sixfold coordination cavities (6 h positions), which delimit void hexagonal tunnels running along [0 0 1]. These tunnels are connected by cations of mixed sites (4f) half occupied by Pb(II) and half by Na+/K+ mixed cations. The existence of this type of lacunar apatite seems to be conditioned by the presence of lone pair cations Pb(II). Raman spectra of all the compositions are similar and show some linear shifts in band positions as a function of the composition toward high ...

Although methanol synthesis via CO hydrogenation has been industrialized, CO2 hydrogenation to methanol still confronts great obstacles of low methanol selectivity and poor stability, particularly for supported metal catalysts under industrial conditions. We report a binary metal oxide, ZnO-ZrO2 solid solution catalyst, which can achieve methanol selectivity of up to 86 to 91% with CO2 single-pass conversion of more than 10% under reaction conditions of 5.0 MPa, 24,000 ml/(g hour), H2/CO2 = 3:1 to 4:1, 320° to 315°C. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that the synergetic effect between Zn and Zr sites results in the excellent performance. The ZnO-ZrO2 solid solution catalyst shows high stability for at least 500 hours on stream and is also resistant to sintering at higher temperatures. Moreover, no deactivation is observed in the presence of 50 ppm SO2 or H2S in the reaction stream. ...

Lithium ion batteries are widely used to power portable electronic devices such as cell phones and laptop computers due to their high energy density. However, the currently used layered LiCoO2 cathode could deliver only 50 % of its theoretical capacity in practical lithium ion cells (140 mAh/g) due to the chemical and structural instabilities at deep charge with (1-x) , 0.5 in Li1-xCoO2. Also, cobalt is relatively expensive and toxic. These difficulties have generated enormous interest in alternative cathode hosts. In this regard, solid solutions between layered Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2 (commonly designated as Li2MnO3) and LiMO2 (M = Mn, Ni, Co)) have become appealing as some of them exhibit much higher capacity (~ 250 mAh/g on charging to 4.8 V) with lower cost and better safety compared to LiCoO2. This dissertation investigates the (1-z) Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2 - (z) Li[Mn0.5-yNi0.5-yCo2y]O2 (y = 1/12, 1/6 and 1/3 and 0.25 ≤ z ≤ 0.75) layered oxide cathodes, which belong to a solid solution series ...

Membrane crystallization is applied in this work for the separation and recovery of Na2CO3 and Na2SO4 as high purity crystals from aqueous solutions. These mixed solutions are for example produced when CO2 and SO2 are removed from flue gases by absorption in an alkaline solution containing NaOH. The application of membrane crystallization leads to a reusable product (i.e., Na2CO3 and Na2SO4) of industrial interest. A novel approach is proposed to avoid co-crystallization of both salts, in which a precipitation step is included to remove residual CO3 2- ions in the mixture. The effect of the feed composition on the overall mass transfer coefficient was studied. It was found that the mass transfer coefficient is independent of the feed concentration with an average value 7.06 × 10-11 m/Pa s. The characterization of the obtained crystals shows that the decahydrated forms of the salts, i.e. Na2CO3•10H2O and Na2SO4•10H2O, were obtained. Thus, membrane crystallization technology can be used for ...

Two-dimensional NMR studies of the zinc finger motif: solution structures and dynamics of mutant ZFY domains containing aromatic substitutions in the

The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) solution structure of free, unligated cyclophilin A (CypA), which is an 18 kDa protein from human T-lymphocytes that was expressed in Escherichia coli for the present study, was determined using multidimensional heteronuclear NMR techniques. Sequence-specific resonance assignments for 99.5% of all backbone amide protons and non-labile hydrogen atoms provided the basis for collection of an input of 4101 nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) upper distance constraints and 371 dihedral angle constraints for distance geometry calculations and energy minimization with the programs DIANA and OPAL. The average RMSD values of the 20 best energy-refined NMR conformers relative to the mean coordinates are 0.49 A for the backbone atoms and 0.88 A for all heavy atoms of residues 2 to 165. The molecular architecture includes an eight-stranded antiparallel beta-barrel that is closed by two amphipathic alpha-helices. Detailed comparisons with the crystal structure of free ...

U-Pb dating of the common iron-oxide hematite (α-Fe2O3), using laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), provides unparalleled insight into the timing and processes of mineral deposit formation. Until now, the full potential of this method has been negatively impacted by the lack of suitable matrix-matched standards. To achieve matrix-matching, we report an approach in which a U-Pb solution and ablated material from 99.99% synthetic hematite are simultaneously mixed in a nebulizer chamber and introduced to the ICP-MS. The standard solution contains fixed U- and Pb-isotope ratios, calibrated independently, and aspiration of the isotopically homogeneous solution negates the need for a matrix-matched, isotopically homogenous natural iron-oxide standard. An additional advantage of using the solution is that the individual U-Pb concentrations and isotope ratios can be adjusted to approximate that in the unknown, making the method efficient for dating hematite containing low (

Use of an oleogel containing triterpene for healing wounds | Astragalus membranaceus fermentation product and method of producing the same | Compositions and methods for treating asthma and other lung diseases | Uses and methods for the treatment of liver diseases or conditions | Treatment or prophylaxis of a neurological or neuropsychiatric disorders via ocular administration |

Pyrope-rich garnet is an important sink for trivalent transition metals such as Cr3+, V3+, and Fe3+ in Earths upper mantle. In order to obtain a better crystal-chemical understanding of transition metals in garnet and especially pyrope solid solutions, 27Al and 29Si MAS NMR spectra were collected on synthetic crystals of composition Mg3(Al0.915V0.085)2Si3O12 and Mg3(Al0.98Cr0.02)2Si3O12, and compared with the 29Si MAS NMR spectrum of a Fe3+-bearing grossular garnet [Ca3(Al0.956Fe3+0.044)2Si3O12]. The purpose of the study is to explore the nature of paramagnetic resonances, or their lack thereof, arising from interactions of Cr3+, V3+, and Fe3+ with 27Al and 29Si nuclei. The 27Al and 29Si MAS NMR spectra of Cr3+-bearing pyrope show significant resonance broadening, similar to that of Fe3+-bearing grossular, which hinders any crystal-chemical interpretation. The 27Al and 29Si MAS NMR spectra of V3+-bearing pyrope, on the other hand, show several distinct and narrow paramagnetically shifted NMR ...

The strength of a material is dependent on how easily dislocations in its crystal lattice can be propagated. These dislocations create stress fields within the material depending on their character. When solute atoms are introduced, local stress fields are formed that interact with those of the dislocations, impeding their motion and causing an increase in the yield stress of the material, which means an increase in strength of the material. This gain is a result of both lattice distortion and the modulus effect. When solute and solvent atoms differ in size, local stress fields are created that can attract or repel dislocations in their vicinity. This is known as the size effect. By relieving tensile or compressive strain in the lattice, the solute size mismatch can put the dislocation in a lower energy state. In substitutional solid solutions, these stress fields are spherically symmetric, meaning they have no shear stress component. As such, substitutional solute atoms do not interact with the ...

Understanding alloying effects on the irradiation response of structural materials is pivotal in nuclear engineering. In order to systematically explore the effects of Fe concentration on the irradiation-induced defect evolution and hardening in face-centered cubic Ni-Fe binary solid solution alloys, single crystalline Ni-xFe (x = 0-60 at%) alloys have been grown and irradiated with 1.5 MeV Ni ions. The irradiations have been performed over a wide range of fluences from 3 × 10 13 to 3 × 10 16 cm -2 at room temperature. Ion channeling technique has shown reduced damage accumulation with increasing Fe concentration in the low fluence regime, which is consistent to the results from molecular dynamic simulations. We did not observe any irradiation-induced compositional segregation in atom probe tomography within the detection limit, even in the samples irradiated with high fluence Ni ions. Transmission electron microscopy analyses have further demonstrated that the defect size significantly ...

Three-way catalytic converters (TWC) are devices employed for the reduction of harmful emissions from car exhausts, by catalyzing three simultaneous processes: (i) the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) to nitrogen and oxygen, (ii) the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, and (iii) the oxidation of unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) to carbon dioxide and water. The catalyst typically consists of a combination of noble metals, including rhodium to promote NOx reduction and platinum or palladium for CO-HC conversion, a ceria-based material to promote the so-called oxygen storage capacity (OSC), and a high-surface-area Al2O3 support to achieve good catalyst dispersion. The incorporation of zirconium in the ceria component, forming the solid solution Ce1−xZrxO2, is known to improve the performance of the catalyst by enhancing the resistance of the material to sintering, and at the same time increasing the reducibility of the oxide, leading to more oxygen vacancies which are responsible for the ...

Presenting a completely new approach to examining how polymers move in non-dilute solution, this book focuses on experimental facts, not theoretical speculations, and concentrates on polymer solutions, not dilute solutions or polymer melts. From centrifugation and solvent dynamics to viscosity and diffusion, experimental measurements and their quantitative representations are the core of the discussion. The book reveals several experiments never before recognized as revealing polymer solution properties. A novel approach to relaxation phenomena accurately describes viscoelasticity and dielectric relaxation and how they depend on polymer size and concentration. Ideal for graduate students and researchers interested in the properties of polymer solutions, the book covers real measurements on practical systems, including the very latest results. Every significant experimental method is presented in considerable detail, giving unprecedented coverage of polymers in solution ...

Benzene and naphthalene form ideal solution over the entire range of composition. The vapour pressure of pure benzene and naphthalene at 300 K are 50.71 mm Hg and 32

Previously reported structure−activity relationships have shown two features for effective antitumor activity of titanium β-diketone complexes: (a) ligand asymmetry and (b) the presence of planar substitutents on the ligand. Mono- and dinuclear derivatives, studied with diffraction and DFT methods show that (a) is consistent with different Ti−O(β-diketonato) bond lengths, which are longer than Ti−O(oxo) and Ti−O(alkoxy) ones. π−π features observed in dinuclear derivatives correlate with strong reactivity of related complexes with DNA and support DNA intercalation by such planar groups, in agreement with (b). Large variation for Ti−O bond lengths and Ti−O−C bond angles in the ethoxy moiety is associated with the titanium withdrawing effect and oxygen bonding s character; it is confirmed through exploration of the Cambridge crystallographic database. This ethoxy geometrical flexibility also suggests versatile accommodation in protein pockets and/or other biological targets. ...

A method of servicing a wellbore comprising preparing a cement slurry by premixing at least one latex, at least one stabilizer, and optionally water to form a homogeneous solution, further mixing the homogeneous solution with an ionic compound, cement, and optionally additional water to form the slurry, and placing the slurry in the wellbore. A method of stabilizing latex in cement slurry containing saltwater, comprising premixing the latex with a stabilizer until a homogenous solution forms prior to contacting the latex with the saltwater. A cement slurry comprising a latex, a stabilizer, a cement, an ionic compound, and water wherein the latex and stabilizer are contacted prior to contact of the latex with the ionic compound.

Solid lithium-ion battery electrolyte. Global Electrolyte Solution Market 2020: Applications Segment Analysis. Application 1, Application 2. Then, the Electrolyte Solution market study report concentrates on global higher leading business players with knowledge such as company profiles, product picture and specifications, sales, market share, and association information. Whats more, the Electrolyte Solution industry development trends and marketing channels are examined.. Market Segment by Regions, this report splits Global into rare key Countries, with production, expenditure, revenue, market share, and growth rate of Electrolyte Solution in these countries, from 2020 to 2025 (forecast), similar North America, Europe, Japan, Southeast Asia, India, and China.. In a word, the Electrolyte Solution market report gives important statistics on the state of the Electrolyte Solution industry and is a helpful source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the Electrolyte ...

Hauyne, haüyne ( /ɑːˈwin/), hauynite or haüynite is a tectosilicate mineral with sulfate, with endmember formula Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4). As much as 5 wt % K2O may be present, and also H2O and Cl. It is a feldspathoid and a member of the sodalite group. Hauyne was first described in 1807 from samples discovered in Vesuvian lavas in Monte Somma, Italy, and was named in 1807 by Brunn-Neergard for the French crystallographer René Just Haüy (1743-1822). It is sometimes used as a gemstone. Formulae: sodalite Na4(Al3Si3)O12Cl nosean Na8(Al6Si6)O24(SO4).H2O lazurite Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12S tsaregorodtsevite N(CH3)4Si4(SiAl)O12 tugtupite Na4BeAlSi4O12Cl vladimirivanovite Na Na6Ca2[Al6Si6O24](SO4,S3,S2,Cl)2·H2O All these minerals are feldspathoids. Haüyne forms a solid solution with nosean and with sodalite. Complete solid solution exists between synthetic nosean and haüyne at 600 °C, but only limited solid solution occurs in the sodalite-nosean and sodalite-haüyne systems. Haüyne belongs to the ...

Transparent materials such as fused silica and quartz crystal were etched upon irradiation of an organic solution containing pyrene, using a conventional KrF or XeCl excimer laser. Threshold fluence for etching was 240mJ/cm for fused silica, which was remarkably low compared with that of direct ablation using conventional lasers. The etch rates depended on the concentration of pyrene. The mechanism is explained by cyclic multiphotonic absorption of pyrene in the excited states, thermal relaxation, and formation of superheated solution. As the results, the transparent material is etched in a heating process by a superheated liquid and an attacking process by a high temperature and pressure vapor.

Coffee & Stain Remover. SpotMaster CSR - Coffee and Stain Remover is an effective, easy to mix powdered coffee and mild dye stain remover. As a modified reducing stain remover, it can be used effectively to remove stains caused by coffee, tea, herbal tea, and other tannin stains. By keeping it in powdered form, you can mix and activate exactly what you need right on the job site, allowing a freshly mixed solution to go to work to effectively remove stains. If you are cleaning a carpeted area that has coffee spills spread far and wide, there is no faster or more effective way to eliminate coffee stains. By mixing and pouring it directly onto the stains, even large liquid spills can be prevented from returning by wicking. One 1.25# jar of powder makes almost four gallons of ready to use solution, and the fact that is a concentrated powder makes it easy and inexpensive to ship. SpotMaster CSR can also be added to a mixed solution of FabricMaster Fine Fabric Detergent to make an effective Haitian ...

Calibration solution for Truncheon, Guardian (conductivity), and ppm/EC pen.. 2.77 EC = 1350 TDS/ppm (500 scale) = 1890 ppm (700 ppm). Bluelabs EC/CF equipment does not need calibrating as they are all factory calibrated at Bluelab. The CF27.7 (EC2.77) solution is used as a reference or checking solution to ensure you have adequately cleaned the EC/CF probe.. Calibration Solutions should be stored in a cool place out of direct sun and heat. Please keep out of reach of children. They should be stored with the lids securely tightened. Not replacing the lid after use will result in evaporation which causes the salt content in the solution to rise decreasing the validity of the solution.. Contamination between solutions can easily occur, which will affect the validity of the calibration. Bluelab recommend that the solutions are de-cantered into a smaller vessel and the contents discarded when the calibration process has been completed. ...

In a process for reduction or oxidation of materials in aqueous solution byassing a reagent gas through a finely porous catalyst layer into the solution, bodies of electrically conducting material which in the aggregate have a large surface are brought into electrically conducting connection with the catalyst layer on its side facing the solution in order to increase the rate of conversion of the dissolved material. The conducting bodies are distributed in the solution at least in the region of the catalyst layer and increase the effective surface for the conversion of the dissolved material. The invention is particularly useful in connection with catalyst layers provided with an electrically conducting protective cover through which gas and solution may pass on the side of the catalyst layer facing the solution as disclosed in a related application of the same inventors Ser. No. 500,941 filed June 3, 1983.

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Back in 2008, we noted that the market lacked custom made solutions to the challenges faced at the time. Customers got a one size fits all solutions that were not only a rigid solution but did not meet their needs comprehensively. We understand that process, treated water is important and necessary for your comfort, safety, and quality of life. Since then, we have been in business for 12 years delivering successful water solutions to over 100 companies and private homes. This is entrenched in our company mission and brought to life through our expertise in a wide range of water technologies. We tailor-make custom solutions for our clients and rely on our core values (integrity, quality, and self-improvement) to deliver this promise.. ...

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The addition of salts to protein solutions affects both the protein interaction and the related phase behavior, invoking the question how the protein--ion interaction can induce these effects. For salts without specific protein--ion interactions, the DLVO theory for solubility and the formation of the electrostatic double-layer represents the basic picture. The interaction of ions with the protein surface, however, can be affected by several effects such as specific binding sites or water-mediated features. In a first step, protein solutions with different salts along the Hofmeister series are investigated. Protein interactions are characterized by small-angle scattering and can be successfully described with a model of effective spheres if hydration and non-spherical shape are accounted for. Colloid-like modeling of proteins is employed in several studies throughout the thesis, and opportunities as well as limitations of the modeling approaches are discussed. In the main part of the thesis, ...

The Effect of Diffusion and Osmosis on Hypertonic and Hypotonic Solutions. Introduction: In order to maintain homeostasis, a cell must be able to transport...

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Aqueous solutions of 99 technetium salts wherein the 99 technetium is in reduced valencey state, when administered to mammals, permit identification of the skeleton and of calcareous tumors by scintigraphy (radiographic scanning). The solutions are conveniently prepared by mixing one ore more phosphonic acids (or their salts) with one or more reducing salts, and adding the mixture to an aqueous solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable 99 pertechnetate salt. Reduction of the valence of the technetium occurs rapidly, and the resulting solution is adequately stable for use in scintigraphy. The phosphonic acid and reducing salt components can be premixed. Aqueous solutions of the premix are stable for long periods of time in the absence of free oxygen and the premix is stable to air so long as it is dry.

The Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect is a phenomenon by which plastic slip in metallic materials becomes unstable, resulting in jerky flow and the onset of inhomogeneous deformation. The PLC effect is thought to be fundamentally caused by the dynamic interplay between dislocations and solute atoms. However, this interplay is almost always inaccessible experimentally due to the extremely fine length and time scales over which it occurs. In this paper, simulations of jerky flow in W-O interstitial solid solutions reveal three dynamic regimes emerging from the simulated strain rate-temperature space: one resembling standard solid solution strengthening, another one mimicking solute cloud formation, and a third one where dislocation/solute coevolution leads to jerky flow as a precursor of dynamic strain aging. The simulations are carried out in a stochastic framework that naturally captures rare events in a rigorous manner, providing atomistic resolution over diffusive time scales using no adjustable

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ΔHexch0 and ΔSexch0 are the exchange enthalpy and entropy, respectively, related to the Fe2+,Mg site exchange, LM1,M2H and LM1,M2S denote enthalpic and entropic intrasite interaction parameters. The compositional parameter X varies between −1 for forsterite (Fa0) and +1 for fayalite (Fa100). The magnitudes and signs of the four refined quantities can be rationalized in terms of thermodynamic and crystal-chemical considerations. (LM1H − LM2H) , 0 indicates that the interactions between the M1 sites are stronger than those between the M2 sites, conforming with the M1-M1 distances being shorter than the M2-M2 distances. (LM1S − LM2S) , 0 relates to the electronic entropy which is proportional to the Fa-content. According to equation (1), ΔHexch0 increases towards the Mg endmember while ΔSexch0 decreases. Since ΔHexch0 , 0 stabilizes the ordered state whereas ΔSexch0 ,0 stabilizes the anti-ordered state, it follows that the ordered state is progressively favoured with increasing Mg ...

UV emitting scintillating screens based on single crystalline films (SCFs) of Lu3Al5−xGaxO12:Pr garnet have been developed by the liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) growth method onto Y3Al5O12 (YAG) substrates using a lead-free BaO based flux. The absorbance, luminescence and scintillation properties of these SCFs h

A new red phosphor based on the Li1+x (Ta1−zNbz)1−xTixO3 (LTNT, 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.25, 0 ≤ z ≤ 0.625) solid solution as a host material has been synthesized. This host material is known as an M-phase and has a superstructure similar to that of the Li1+x−yNb1−x−3yTix+4yO3 (LNT) solid solution. An Eu3+-doped LTNT has been prepared by sintering at 1413 K-1433 K for 24 h in a conventional electric furnace; the optimal sintering temperature for obtaining higher photoluminescence (PL) intensity was found to be 1423 K. Interestingly, bright red emission due to the hypersensitive 5D0-7F2 transition in Eu3+ was observed under direct excitation of the 4f electron at 541 (7F0-5D1) or 398 nm (7F0-5L6). The PL intensity of the LTNT phosphor was found to be dependent on the concentration of Eu3+, Ti4+, Nb5+, and Ta5+ ions. The PL intensity upon excitation at 541 nm was higher than that at 398 nm with decreasing Nb2O5 content in the LTNT host material. The highest PL intensity was achieved for the ...

A molar solution contains 1 mol (1 g molecular weight) of solute in 1 L of solution. The SI style for reporting molar solutions is mol/L; for solutions with millimolar concentrations, mmol/L is used; and for solutions with micromolar concentrations, μmol/L is used. The concentration is given as 4-mmol/L potassium chloride, not 4 mmol/L of potassium chloride.The gel was incubated at 40°C after applying 10 mL of a solution of 4-mmol/L potassium chloride and 5 mL of a solution of 1-mol/L sodium chloride. Molar concentrations of solutions and reagents also may be expressed by using M to designate molar and

A molar solution contains 1 mol (1 g molecular weight) of solute in 1 L of solution. The SI style for reporting molar solutions is mol/L; for solutions with millimolar concentrations, mmol/L is used; and for solutions with micromolar concentrations, μmol/L is used. The concentration is given as 4-mmol/L potassium chloride, not 4 mmol/L of potassium chloride.The gel was incubated at 40°C after applying 10 mL of a solution of 4-mmol/L potassium chloride and 5 mL of a solution of 1-mol/L sodium chloride. Molar concentrations of solutions and reagents also may be expressed by using M to designate molar and

We gots (i) Al_2(SO_4)_3; (ii) BaCl_2; (iii) Na_2SO_4(aq); (iv) equal volumes of (ii) and (iii)........I suspect it is solution (iv) And (iv) a solution obtained by mixing equal volumes of (ii) and (iii). Now the highest osmotic pressure will be expressed by the solution which CONTAINS LEAST number of ions.......... And (i) has got 5 ions in solution, 2xxAl^(3+), and 3xxSO_4^(2-)................. And (ii) has got 3 ions in solution, 2xxCl^(-), and Ba^(2+)................. And (iii) has got 3 ions in solution, 2xxNa^(+), and SO_4^(2-)................. But (iv) mixes (ii) and (iii), and you know, or should know that BaSO_4 is pretty insoluble stuff. (All sulfates are soluble except for HgSO_4, and CaSO_4, and BaSO_4. And thus, the following reaction occurs........ Ba^(2+) + SO_4^(2-)rarr BaSO_4(s)darr In this solution, there remain 2 equiv each of Na^+ and Cl^-. As far as I can tell (and you have not set out the problem as clearly as I would like), because BaSO_4 precipitates, this solution, (iv), has

Ettringite Group. Although it is generally assumed that a solid solution series between ettringite and thaumasite exists, both species have different ...

What to Expect From This Report on Trypsin Solution Market:. The developmental plans for your business based on the value of the cost of the production and value of the products, and more for the coming years.. A detailed overview of regional distributions of popular products in the Trypsin Solution Market.. How do the major companies and mid-level manufacturers make a profit within the Trypsin Solution Market?. Estimate the break-in for new players to enter the Trypsin Solution Market.. Comprehensive research on the overall expansion within the Trypsin Solution Market for deciding the product launch and asset developments.. The content of the study subjects includes a total of 15 chapters:. Chapter 1, to describe Trypsin Solution product scope, market overview, market opportunities, market driving force and market risks.. Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Trypsin Solution, with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Trypsin Solution in 2017 and 2018.. Chapter 3, the ...

The present invention relates to electrochromic solutions and devices manufactured therefrom. More precisely, the invention relates to electrochemichromic solutions, and those devices manufactured with the same, that demonstrate superior responsiveness to those solutions known heretofore when an applied potential is introduced thereto. That is, the responsiveness observed in terms of solution coloring is of a greater rapidity, intensity and uniformity than those electrochemichromic solutions of the prior art. Preparation of these solutions involve the novel process of pre-treating at least one of the electrochemichromic compounds with a redox agent prior to placing it in contact with the other electrochemichromic compound. Moreover, the present invention relates to methods of preparing such novel solutions and processes for using these solutions to provide devices that exhibit and benefit from the aforementioned superior characteristics.

September 2015. Major Gas pipeline company signs business development agreement with 360 Ecosystems Solutions. ………………………………………….. March 2015. 360 Ecosystem Solutions principle Jeff Akers is hired by Hewlett Packard Enterprise as their Chief IIOT Strategist for solutions to all large Infrastructure verticals (Utilities, Oil & Gas and Energy). ………………………………………….. FEBRUARY 2015. Ayaworks , the leading pipeline management and compliance platform as a service company in the pipeline industry signs an MOU with 360 Ecosystem Solutions. 360 Ecosystem Solutions will assist Ayaworks in growing their market share in the worldwide pipeline solutions ecosystem worldwide.. ………………………………………….. JANUARY 2015. Criterion and 360 Ecosystem Solutions sign MOU to help create new possibilities in the Tax Credit for R&D evaluation and implementation market. 360 Ecosystem Solutions will evaluate business development ...

An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. It is usually shown in chemical equations as a subscript (aq). The word aqueous means pertaining to, related to, similar to, or dissolved in water. As water is an excellent solvent as well as naturally abundant, it logically has become a ubiquitous solvent in chemistry. Substances that do not dissolve well in water are called hydrophobic (water fearing) whereas those that do are known as hydrophilic (water-loving). An example of a hydrophilic substance would be the sodium chloride (ordinary table salt). Acids and bases are aqueous solutions, as part of their Arrhenius definitions. The ability of a substance to dissolve in water is determined by whether the substance can match or exceed the strong attractive forces that water molecules generate between themselves. If the substance lacks the ability to dissolve in water the molecules form a precipitate. Aqueous solutions that conduct electric current efficiently contain strong ...

This chapter reviews the methodological progress of the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM) within the time-dependent Density Functonal Theory (TDDFT) to study chromophores in homogeneous solutions. The progress is represented by (i) a theory for the analytical gradients of the PCM-TDDFT excitation energies, which allows to determine the excited state geometries and first order properties within a relaxed density formalism; (ii) a state-specific version of the PCM-TDDFT to describe solute-solvent interaction in the excited states based on the changes of the electronic density; (iii) a time dependent version of the PCM-TDDFT able to describe the dynamical relaxation of the solvent after a vertical electronic transition in the solute. All these methodological advances are illustated and discussed with the help of numerical applications. ...

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In this paper, the formation of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) nanofibers in electrospinning and the adsorption of organic molecules on the HPCD nanofiber were studied. The properties of a polymer-like solution from the highly concentrated HPCD/N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution revealed HPCD supramolecular aggregates formation. The entanglements of HPCD self-organized aggregates were one of the most important factors that significantly influenced fiber formation during cyclodextrin electrospinning. The HPCD self-organized aggregates entanglement concentration (C(e)) was investigated. Analyzing the dependence of specific viscosity (η(sp)) on concentration enabled the determination of the aggregates unentangled and entangled regimes for HPCD polymer-like solutions. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements and the (1)H NMR spectra of the HPCD solutions confirmed the presence of considerable HPCD self-organized aggregates in high concentrated HPCD/DMF solutions due to the intermolecular

TY - JOUR. T1 - Mutual macromolecular crowding as the basis for polymer solution non-ideality. AU - Cowman, Mary K.. PY - 2017/8. Y1 - 2017/8. N2 - Semidilute polymer solutions differ greatly from dilute solutions in properties such as viscosity, relaxation time, elastic modulus, colloid osmotic pressure, and light scattering. Previously, Matsuoka and Cowman proposed a single semiempirical expression for the nonideality contribution due to the concentration and intrinsic viscosity dependence, which has no other adjustable parameters, but quantitatively fits data for flexible, semiflexible, and rigid polymers in good solvents. In this report, the excluded volume theory as proposed by Ogston and Laurent is generalized to include mutual crowding between identical polymers based on hydrodynamic volumes, and applied to derive the expression for the nonideality contribution to specific viscosity, colloid osmotic pressure, and light scattering. Additionally, consideration of the contribution of mutual ...

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Numerous electrochemical devices are expected to operate in higher output using large amount of active materials and concentrated electrolyte solution in limited volume of each device. Therefore, little amount of concentrated electrolyte solution is penetrated in active materials for electrode. Although a lot of researchers have been investigating for electrolyte solution, the properties of electrolyte solution coexisting with solid materials are not studied very much. It is well-known that the solid surface affects the properties of water nearby the solid/liquid interface1. We have been studying the properties of the coexisting system consisting of an aqueous electrolyte solution and an inorganic powder, and confirmed that various kinds of solutions change its properties depending on a distance from solid surface2. In the present study, we focused on zinc aqueous solution because strong interaction of Zn2+ makes large hydration sphere, therefore interaction from solid surface might be much ...

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Chemicals and Solutions: 95% ethanol. Distilled water. Sodium chloride (1M). Sodium hydroxide (1M). Hydrochloric acid (1M). Acetic acid (1M). Ammonium hydroxide (1M). Materials: Multiple conductivity apparatus. 7 - 250 ml beakers. Procedure: Label 7 beakers to contain the above listed solution. 3/4 fill each beaker with the appropriate solution. Remove the top of the conductivity apparatus carefully and place each solution in its designated place. Replace top carefully.. Push the button on top to check the conductivity of each solution. Discussion: When NaCl, HCl, and NaOH react with water they are completely converted to ions. Therefore their solutions have high electrical conductivity and the light bulb is lit up very brightly. Ammonium Hydroxide and Acetic acid react incompletely with water; they are not completely ionized. Therefore their solutions have only a small electrical conductivity and the light bulb glows dimly. Ethanol and water have covalent bonds and do not conduct ...

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Publications related to biomolecular condensates, phase separation, llps and more. Intracellular compartmentalization through liquid-liquid phase separation is an emerging organizing principle of cell biology. These compartments, such as the nucleolus and stress granules, are collectively known as membraneless organelles or biomolecular condensates. In vitro studies of many protein components of biomolecular condensates, such as the intrinsically disordered regions of Ddx4, FUS, and Laf-1 proteins, have revealed much about the driving forces of the phase separation process. A common approach is to investigate how the temperature at which a protein solution forms condensates-the transition temperature-responds to changes in the solution composition. We describe a method to measure the in vitro transition temperature of a sub-10 μL sample of a phase-separating solution using transmitted light microscopy. Through monitoring changes in transition temperature with solution conditions, this approach allows

The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of highly conductive high-intensitive silver-graphene composite material, graphene content is 0.5wt%~5wt% in silver-graphene composite material, surplus is Ag and inevitable impurity, the preparation method is as follows: weighing Ag powder in proportion and graphene powder is placed in 2~8h of sonic oscillation in dehydrated alcohol and obtains Ag- graphene mixed solution；Mixed solution is placed in ball milling 10 in ball mill~obtain mixed slurry for 24 hours；Mixed slurry is dried in vacuo at 30~80 DEG C and obtains Ag- graphene composite powder；Composite granule isostatic cool pressing at 150~300MPa obtains preform；Preform vacuum microwave at 600~800 DEG C, which is sintered and cools to room temperature with the furnace, obtains silver-graphene composite material.Have high conductivity and high intensity using the silver-graphene composite material of this method preparation: conductivity is greater than 90%IACS, and tensile

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The present invention relates to storage stable hemoglobin solutions which contain partially deoxygenated and surprisingly low amounts of reducing agents. Methods for preparing such storage stable hemoglobin solutions are also provided as well as a systems for storing the solutions.

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Solubilities in aqueous media of sparingly soluble ionic compounds or homogeneous solid mixtures play an important role in chemical processes, whether carried out on a laboratory or an industrial scale. The respective solubility phenomena, i.e. dissolution and precipitation reactions, frequently control procedures for preparing, separating and purifying chemicals. Moreover, the interactions of the hydrological cycle with the cycle of rocks, the naturally occurring dissolution of minerals in water, as well as their precipitation on the ocean floor and in the sediments of rivers and lakes, can often be simply described iii terms of solubility equilibria, although gigantic quantities of material may be involved. Solid-solute equilibrium chemistry has usually been restricted to pure solids, whereas most minerals are solid solutions. Consequently, this chapter also deals with homogeneous solid mixtures or solid solutions, whose solubilities not only depend on those of the respective end members but ...

Buffer Solution A buffer solution is defined as a solution which resist any change in its pH value even when small amount of acid or base are added to it. Types of the buffer solution 1) Solution of single substance The solution of the salt of weak acid and weak base eg : ammonium acetate ( CH3COOH) act as a buffer. 2) Solution of Mixture: These are of 2 … [Read more...] about Buffer solution and Buffer Action ...

Stable, concentrated solutions of high molecular weight polyaniline. In order to process high quality fibers and other articles possessing good mechanical properties, it is known that solution concentrations of the chosen polymer should be in the range from 15-30% (w/w). Moreover, it is desirable to use the highest molecular weight consistent with the solubility properties of the polymer. However, such solutions are inherently unstable, forming gels before processing can be achieved. The present invention describes the addition gel inhibitors (GIs) to the polymer solution, thereby permitting high concentrations (between 15% and 30% (w/w)) of high molecular weight ((Mw)|120,000, and (Mn)|30,000) emeraldine base (EB) polyaniline to be dissolved. Secondary amines have been used for this purpose in concentrations which are small compared to those which might otherwise be used in a cosolvent role therefor. The resulting solutions are useful for generating excellent fibers, films, coatings and other objects,

Mercury zinc telluride, (Hg$\sb{1-x}$Zn$\sb{x})\sb{1-y}$Te$\sb{y}$, has been considered as an alternative material to (Hg$\sb{1-x}$Cd$\sb{x}$)$\sb{1-y}$Te$\sb{y}$ for infrared opto-electronic devices due to its superior structural properties. Considerable research effort has been expended on the HgTe-ZnTe solid solutions. However, the experimental thermodynamic and phase diagram data for this ternary system are limited. The experimental technique consisted of measuring the optical density of the vapor phase coexisting with a sample of the solid solution in a sealed optical cell of known volume and temperature. In high temperature measurements between 500 and 800$\sp\circ$C with a high pressure Xenon lamp, the partial pressures of mercury $P\sb{\rm Hg}$ and of diatomic tellurium $P\sb2$ have been determined for $x$ = 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.50, and 0.70. The optical density was measured between 250 and 750 nm. It was possible to place narrow limits on the solidus temperature for some of the $x$ values and

Solution NMR structures provide first structural coverage of the large protein domain family PF08369 and complementary structural coverage of dark

Banana Bag Oral Solution is not your typical vitamin and electrolyte solution. Banana Bag Oral Solution is a therapeutic, clinically-focused, oral alternative to IV dehydration and vitamin therapy for those who desire more than what typical electrolyte solutions and sports drinks can offer. BBOS provides intravenous re

TY - JOUR. T1 - Hatóanyagok oldódásának elocombining double acute accentsegítése extrúziós technoló giával. AU - Gergo, Patyi. AU - György, Marosi. AU - István, Antal. AU - Attila, Bódis. PY - 2009. Y1 - 2009. N2 - The transformation of the stable crystalline form can enhance the bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. The molecular dispersion, or solid solution, can be formed by various methods. The thermodynamic and kinetic properties of such compounds are very similar to the amorphous state. Twinscrew melt-extrusion, with controlled pressure, heat and shear stress, is a powerful way for separating the molecules of the active ingredient from each other and distributing them in the matrix homogenously. The extrudate can be processed onward immediately after a required cooling phase. The dependence of the possible effect of extrusion on the process parameters was investigated by Raman-microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction in course of the preparation of solid solution of ...

For the first lesson of Chapter 15, students were immersed in the vocabulary of solution concentration. The Lesson 80 PowerPoint includes six important vocabulary words that students recorded in their lab notebooks. Students received the Lesson 80 Worksheet and worked together in groups to complete Part 1. For Part 2 of the worksheet, students were shown gummy bears…

Recombinant Trypsin EDTA Solution is a defined, animal component-free solution developed for efficient dissociation of adherent cell types from culture surfaces and tissues. The EDTA component accelerates the dissociative action of the enzyme trypsin. This solution is suitble for sensitive cells types, including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC).. The Recombinant Trypsin EDTA Solution is a pure enzyme solution, which maximises the yield of functionally viable cells from culture dishes. The lack of other proteases reduces the risk of toxicity being induced in the cells. This solution does not contain undesirable proteins such as carboxypeptidase A and chymotrypsin, which are commonly found in other commercially available trypsin solutions. Recombinant Trypsin EDTA Solution is animal component-free, so eliminates the risk of viruses and other potentially detrimental and unintended agents associated with animal-derived components.. ...

You are correct in your concern about losing sections/wrinkling. Although we use a commercial solution, the ideal pH is 8. We no longer use dilute ammonia water, as with higher pH, it is likely the alkaline conditions can cause section to fall off the slide. (hmm isnt this called alkaline protein hydrolysis that affects alkaline sensitive protein bonds. Been there and had it happen particularly with large, precious difficult to obtain decalcified bone sections. We change the bluing solution DAILY in order to maintain our pH at 8. Since water carryover can dilute the bluing solution further after many slides are run through, the first of the week fresh change may have correct pH but end of week may be entirely different after the watercarry over into bluing solution. Bluing solution is cheap. This also goes for dilute acetic acid solution after hematoxylin., particularly progressive hematoxylins such as Gills, Richard Allen Hematoxylin 1, etc. An excellent weak alkaline solution is Scotts tap ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - The immunosuppressive activity and solution structures of ubiquitin fragments. AU - Jaremko, Lukasz. AU - Jaremko, Mariusz. AU - Pasikowski, Paweł. AU - Cebrat, Marek. AU - Stefanowicz, Piotr. AU - Lisowski, Marek. AU - Artyin, Jolanta. AU - Zimecki, Michał. AU - Zhukov, Igor. AU - Szewczuk, Zbigniew. PY - 2009/8/3. Y1 - 2009/8/3. N2 - Recently, ubiquitin was suggested as a promising antiinflammatory protein therapeutic. We found that a peptide fragment corresponding to the ubiquitin50-59 sequence (LEDGRTLSDY) possessed the immunosuppressive activity comparable with that of ubiquitin. CD and NMR spectroscopies were used to determine the conformational preferences of LEDGRTLSDY in solution. The peptide mixture, obtained by pepsin digestion of ubiquitin, was even more potent than the intact protein. Although the peptide exhibited a well-defined conformation in methanol, its structure was distinct from the corresponding 50-59 fragment in the native ubiquitin molecule.. AB - ...

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Coupled interactions among solute diffusions, membrane surface potentials, and opposing enzyme reactions as a mechanism for active transports performed with biomimetic membranes

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Zinc oxide film and method for making - A method for depositing a solid film of ZnO onto a substrate from a reagent solution includes a reservoir of reagent solution maintained at a sufficiently low temperature to inhibit homogeneous reactions within the reagent solution. The reagent solution contains a source of Zn, a source of O, and multiple ligands to further control solution stability and shelf life. The chilled solution is dispensed through a showerhead onto a substrate. The substrate is positioned in a holder that has a raised structure peripheral to the substrate to retain or impound a controlled volume (or depth) of reagent solution over the exposed surface of the substrate. The reagent solution is periodically or continuously replenished from the showerhead so that only the part of the solution directly adjacent to the substrate is heated. A heater is disposed beneath the substrate and maintains the substrate at an elevated temperature at which the deposition of a desired solid phase ...

Progress in systematic development of a thermodynamic database for Mg alloys with 21 components is reported. Models for multicomponent alloys are built in a methodical approach from quantitative descriptions of unary, binary and ternary subsystems. For a large number of ternary-and some higher-alloy systems, an evaluation of the modeling depth is made with concise reference to experimental work validating these thermodynamic descriptions. A special focus is on ternary intermetallic phase compositions. These comprise solutions of the third component in a binary compound as well as truly ternary solid solution phases, in addition to the simple ternary stoichiometric phases. Concise information on the stability ranges is given. That evaluation is extended to selected quaternary and even higher alloy systems. Thermodynamic descriptions of intermetallic solution phases guided by their crystal structure are also elaborated and the diversity of such unified phases is emphasized.

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Define solution. solution synonyms, solution pronunciation, solution translation, English dictionary definition of solution. n. 1. a. A method or process of dealing with a problem: sought a solution to falling enrollments. b. The answer to a problem or the explanation for...

1BAX: The three-dimensional solution structure of the matrix protein from the type D retrovirus, the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, and implications for the morphology of retroviral assembly.

An analytical ultracentrifluge was used to characterize the behaviors of ultracentrifugal sedimentation of bovine serum albumin solutions. We obtained data both for the sedimentation velocity and for the growth rate of the sediment that accumulates during ultracentrifugation. Effects of the rotor speed, the solution concentration, and the volume of the solution contained in the cell on the sedimentation behaviors were investigated experimentally. The sedimentation behaviors and the properties of the compressible sediment were explained well in terms of the theory which has been applied with respect to particulate suspension. Finally, it was shown that such factors of the solution environment as the solution pH and the salt concentration have a large effect on the sedimentation behaviors.. ...

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Liquid phase synthesis is to prepare amino acids or polypeptides into a homogeneous solution, with N-protected amino acids as the starting amino acids, protect the non reactive groups, activate the reaction groups, carry out the synthesis reaction, link the amino acid residues gradually, purify the peptide after synthesis, and remove the unreacted substances. This method can also be carried out by segmented synthesis, each step of purification and final synthesis of target peptide drugs.. Solid phase synthesis is to fix the C-terminal of the first protective amino acid on a solid-phase carrier such as resin, and then react with the subsequent amino acids to extend the peptide chain to the target length. Finally, the peptide is dissociated from the carrier with acid, and the protective group is removed. After purification by liquid chromatography, the target peptide is obtained. Solid phase synthesis is the most widely used synthesis method at present. Due to its simple purification engineering, ...

Continuent Joins Intel® Certified Solutions Program. San Jose, CA - August 20, 2008 - Continuent, Inc., a leading provider of commercial open source middleware solutions for database replication and scale-out, today announced it has been selected to join the Intel® Certified Solutions Program. The Intel Certified Solutions Program tests solutions against pre-defined quality standards for software security, interoperability, maintainability and hardware certification. Certified solutions are awarded the Intel Certified Powered by SpikeSource logo. This will provide validation for channel partners and end customers that Continuent ScaleOut is secure, interoperable, and enabled on Intel platforms. Continuent ScaleOut will be available on the Intel® Business Exchange, an online technology marketplace.. Continuent ScaleOut powers up-to-date, consistent and live database copies. It protects against failures of a single database or entire site, allows online maintenance and zero-downtime upgrades, ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Selection dynamics for deep neural networks. AU - Liu, Hailiang. AU - Markowich, Peter A.. N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01 Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Michael Herty (RWTH) for his interest, which motivated us to investigate this problem and eventually led to this paper. Liu was partially supported by The National Science Foundation under Grant DMS1812666 and by NSF Grant RNMS (Ki-Net)1107291.. PY - 2020/9/21. Y1 - 2020/9/21. N2 - This paper presents a partial differential equation framework for deep residual neural networks and for the associated learning problem. This is done by carrying out the continuum limits of neural networks with respect to width and depth. We study the wellposedness, the large time solution behavior, and the characterization of the steady states of the forward problem. Several useful time-uniform estimates and stability/instability conditions are presented. We state and prove optimality conditions for the inverse deep learning ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Computer simulation of metastable zone width for unseeded potassium sulfate aqueous solution. AU - Kobari, M.. AU - Kubota, N.. AU - Hirasawa, I.. PY - 2011/2/15. Y1 - 2011/2/15. N2 - Simulation was performed for crystallization of potassium sulfate from an unseeded aqueous solution whose temperature was lowered at a constant rate. The metastable zone width (MSZW) was defined as the supercooling at which the number density of generated crystals reached a fixed value of (N/M)det. Secondary nucleation caused by grown primary nuclei had a significant effect on the simulated MSZW for the unseeded solution. It lowered the simulated MSZW at lower cooling rates with a low detection sensitivity (i.e. high value of (N/M)det). The secondary nucleation effect became weak at higher cooling rates with a high detection sensitivity and the MSZW was governed with primary nucleation only. In actual experiments of MSZW, therefore, higher cooling rate with a high detection sensitivity is preferable ...

1CBH: Determination of the three-dimensional solution structure of the C-terminal domain of cellobiohydrolase I from Trichoderma reesei. A study using nuclear magnetic resonance and hybrid distance geometry-dynamical simulated annealing.

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