American Social Welfare Policy Karger Chapter 11 Pdf Download
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Introduction to Social Work & Social Welfare: Critical Thinking Perspectives - Karen K. Kirst-Ashman - Google Books
Karen K. Kirst-Ashmans introductory text enhances students ability to grasp the essence and spirit of generalist social work and the issues in social welfare that social workers address everyday. INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL WORK & SOCIAL WELFARE: CRITICAL THINKING PERSPECTIVES, 3E gives students who are contemplating a career in social work a solid introduction to the profession. Using clear, engaging prose, author Kirst-Ashman presents a balanced, introductory look within a unifying theme of critical thinking that trains students to be more evaluative of key concepts. The topics covered include practice concepts, social welfare policy concepts, history and current state of the profession, the contexts of practice and populations served, and student development.Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version.
IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Dual Competing Photovoltaic Supply Chains: A Social Welfare Maximization Perspective
In the past decades, the inappropriate subsidy policies in many nations have caused problems such as serious oversupply, fierce competition and subpar social welfare in the photovoltaic (PV) industry in many nations. There is a clear shortage in the PV industry literature regarding how dual supply chains compete and the key decision issues regarding the competition between dual PV supply chains. It is critical to develop effective subsidy policies for the competing PV supply chains to achieve social welfare maximization. This study has explored the dual PV supply chain competition under the Bertrand competition assumption by three game-theoretical modeling scenarios (or supply chain strategies) considering either the public subsidy or no subsidy from a social welfare maximization perspective. A numerical analysis complemented by two sensitivity analyses provides a better understanding of the pricing and quantity decision dynamics in the dual supply chains under three different supply chain strategies
New computer equipment to strengthen social welfare services in Tanzania | Pact
This week, the United States Agency for International Development Mission in Tanzania (USAID/Tanzania) officially handed over computers and IT equipment to the Honorable George Boniface Simbachawene, Minister of Tamisemi and member of Tanzanias Parliament. District Social Welfare Officers in 67 Local Government Authorities (LGAs) will use the equipment to improve reporting and use of data for the delivery of social welfare services.
Social Welfare State and Juvenile Research Proposal | APA Style, Pages: 16, Sources: 16, Words: 4940
Buy 4940-word Research Proposal on Social Welfare State and Juvenile ☘ and Social Welfare An Evaluation of the Relationship between the Social Welfare State and Juvenile Crimes Despite some reductions in various types of juvenile crime…
School of Social Welfare | The University of Kansas
KUs School of Social Welfare is an excellent place to pursue your interests in professional social work education. It is the oldest school of social welfare in the state and the only one to offer degree preparation from undergraduate through doctoral degrees in social work.. Social work education began at KU in 1937. The Master of Social Work program, established in Lawrence and at the KU Medical Center in Kansas City in 1946, has been continuously accredited since 1948. The Bachelor of Social Work degree has been awarded since 1971. In 1974, the B.S.W. program became one of the first in the nation to receive accredited status. The Council on Social Work Education, the accrediting body for social work education, most recently reaccredited the B.S.W. and M.S.W. programs in 2010. The doctoral program admitted its first students in 1981.. KUs Master of Social Work program consistently ranks among the top U.S. national public universities, according to U.S. News & World Reports Americas Best ...
List of countries by Sen social welfare function - Wikipedia
The social welfare function, proposed by Amartya Sen in 1973, is a measure of a societys overall welfare. It is calculated as the product of GDP per capita and the difference between 1 and the societys gini coefficient: W G i n i = Income ¯ ⋅ ( 1 − G ) {\displaystyle W_{\mathrm {Gini} }={\overline {\text{Income}}}\cdot \left(1-G\right)} The table below shows Sens social welfare function using data from the CIA and another version using data from the IMF and UN. The GDP per capita numbers are adjusted for purchasing power parity. GNI per capita PPP multiplied by (1 - Gini), using the latest data available for each country up to 2015 mostly from http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=countries+(gni+per+capita+ppp)*(1-gini) 1 , Qatar , $82884 per year per person x , Macau , $78578 per year per person 2 , Luxembourg , $49242 per year per person 3 , Norway , $47861 per year per person 4 , Singapore , $43518 per year per person 5 , Switzerland , $42335 per year per person 6 , Netherlands , ...
Sustainable Heterogeneity: Inequality, Growth, and Social Welfare in a Heterogeneous Population
Downloadable! This paper studies social welfare in a heterogeneous population under the criteria of efficiency and sustainable heterogeneity. As is well known, heterogeneity in time preference results in substantial inequality. This paper shows that, even if households have heterogeneous preferences, there is a balanced growth path on which all the optimality conditions of all heterogeneous households are equally and indefinitely satisfied, and heterogeneity is sustainable on this path. The existence of a unique sustainable path will shed new light on social welfare issues, but this path cannot necessarily be naturally obtained by relying only on markets. Sustainable heterogeneity is politically fragile and requires rational―not unconditional―sacrifice and altruism, and interventions by the authority are justified. Sustainable heterogeneity indicates that globalization should be accompanied by measures that support developing countries and that a GDP modified for measures of sustainable
Social Welfare Functionals on Restricted Domains and in Economic Environments
Downloadable! March 1997 Arrows ``impossibility and similar classical theorems are usually proved for an unrestricted domain of preference profiles. Recent work extends Arrows theorem to various restricted but ``saturating domains of privately oriented, continuous, (strictly) convex, and (strictly) monotone ``economic preferences for private and/or public goods. For strongly saturating domains of more general utility profiles, this paper provides similar extensions of Wilsons theorem and of the strong and weak ``welfarism results due to dAspremont and Gevers and to Roberts. Hence, for social welfare functionals with or without interpersonal comparisons of utility, most previous classification results in social choice theory apply equally to strongly saturating economic domains. Journal of Economic Literature classification: D71. Keywords: social welfare functionals, Arrows theorem, Wilsons theorem, welfarism, neutrality, restricted domains, economic domains, economic environments.
Lutheran Social Service Las Vegas, NV Social & Welfare Services
Lutheran Social Service Las Vegas, NV Social & Welfare Services. Reviews, Description & Contact Details. True to its calling to serve and care for people...
MG Charities | Social welfare services
MG Charities is a Social Welfare Organization striving for the upliftment of the poor, down trodden, and under privileged in the society by providing free eduaction to the poor children, Providing free medical services and pure drinking water to the villagers in the kurnool district irrespective of caste, creed or religion in the footsteps of the great Machani Somappa.
Connecting Social Welfare Policy to Fields of Practice av Ira C. Colby (Heftet) | Tanum nettbokhandel
Connecting Social Welfare Policy to Fields of Practice (Heftet) av forfatter Ira C. Colby. Pris kr 489. Se flere bøker fra Ira C. Colby.
9780205053971 - American Social Welfare Policy A | eCampus.com
9780205053971 Our cheapest price for American Social Welfare Policy A Pluralist Approach, Brief Edition, is $98.13. Free shipping on all orders over $35.00.
Nagaland Council for Child Welfare (NCCW) - Department of Social Welfare
The Nagaland Council for Child Welfare (NCCW) came into being in the year 1988 at Kohima under the patronage of India Council for Child Welfare, New Delhi. It is a non - profit, charitable and social welfare voluntary organization involves in various child welfare activities in the state of Nagaland. It is registered under the registration of societies Act 1860 as amend vide Registration of Societies ( Nagaland third Amendment) Act, 2008 ( Act - No. 1,2009) bearing the registration Certificate no. ` - 4012 dated 31.05.1988.. The aims of the Nagaland Council for Child Welfare are:. ...
Behavioral Welfare Economics and FDA Tobacco Regulations
The U.S. 2009 Tobacco Control Act opened the door for new anti-smoking policies by giving the Food and Drug Administration broad regulatory authority over the tobacco industry. We develop a behavioral welfare economics approach to conduct cost-benefit analysis of FDA tobacco regulations. We use a simple two-period model to develop expressions for the impact of tobacco control policies on social welfare. Our model includes: nudge and paternalistic regulations; an excise tax on cigarettes; internalities created by period 1 versus period 2 consumption; and externalities from cigarette consumption. Our analytical expressions show that in the presence of uncorrected externalities and internalities, a tax or a nudge to reduce cigarette consumption improves social welfare. In sharp contrast, a paternalistic regulation might either improve or worsen social welfare. Another important result is that the social welfare gains from new policies do not only depend on the size of the internalities and ...
Social Welfare History Project Hansan, John E., Ph.D.
John E. Hansan, Ph.D. (1930 - 2019) was a career social worker with a doctorate in social welfare policy from Brandeis University. He worked for 45 years in human service programs at the local, state, and national levels. His early career was staffing and directing settlement houses in Kansas City, MO, Philadelphia, PA, Peoria, IL and Cincinnati, OH. While in Cincinnati, Hansan helped organize the citys 500-person delegation to the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. In 1964, he was selected to be one of the nations first directors of a community action program, the Community Action Commission of the Cincinnati Area. In 1971, Hansan was appointed by Ohio Governor John J. Gilligan to be director of the Ohio Department of Public Welfare; and, two years later, he was appointed Chief of Staff to Governor Gilligan. In 2019, Hansan was selected for induction into the Ohio Civil Rights Hall of Fame.. On the national level, Hansan served as director of government affairs for the American ...
Buy Welfare & Benefit Systems from our Social Welfare & Social Services range - Tesco
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Welfare and Institutions Code and Laws Relating to Social Welfare by Ralph N Kleps (Paperback / softback, 2013) | eBay
Find great deals for Welfare and Institutions Code and Laws Relating to Social Welfare by Ralph N Kleps (Paperback / softback, 2013). Shop with confidence on eBay!
Social Work, Social Welfare and American Society, Book by Philip R. Popple (Paperback) | chapters.indigo.ca
Buy the Paperback Book Social Work, Social Welfare and American Society by Philip R. Popple at Indigo.ca, Canadas largest bookstore. + Get Free Shipping on Social and Cultural Studies books over $25!
Social Development: The Developmental Perspective in Social Welfare - James Midgley - Google Books
The social development approach seeks to integrate economic and social policies within a dynamic development process in order to achieve social welfare objectives. This first comprehensive textbook on the subject demonstrates that social development offers critically significant insights for the developed as well as the developing world. James Midgley describes the social development approach, traces its origins in developing countries, reviews theoretical issues in the field and analyzes different strategies in social development. By adding the developmental dimension, social development is shown to transcend the dichotomy between the residualist approach, which concentrates on targeting resources to the most needy, and th
County Government of Nyeri Department of Gender and Social Services - Social Welfare Interns - Diploma Jobs in Kenya
County Government of Nyeri Department of Gender and Social Services - Social Welfare Interns - Diploma Jobs in Kenya Requirements Diploma in Social
Faculty and Staff Areas of Interest - Helen Bader School of Social Welfare
Helen Bader School of Social Welfare faculty and staff have always immersed themselves in the prevailing issues of the time and of the community.. Today, the schools faculty and staff are an exceptional group in terms of research, teaching, and community service, and engagement.. In the community, they are taking the lead with partnering agencies to address issues that include trauma-informed care, homeless veterans, children with mental health problems, adult caregivers, toxic stress, children who help care for adults, and addictions.. Behind the scenes, they are building the knowledge used to address major social issues - helping individuals, families, and communities to thrive.. ...
Anu Manchikanti Gómez | Berkeley Social Welfare
ANU MANCHIKANTI GÓMEZ is assistant professor at the School of Social Welfare and director of the Sexual Health and Reproductive Equity (SHARE) Program.. For more than 15 years, Dr. Gómez has worked as a health equity researcher with a focus on reproduction and sexuality throughout the life course. She has conducted research both in the US and globally on diverse topics, including contraceptive use, abortion, HIV prevention, gender equity, transgender health and violence against women and children. Dr. Gómezs current research focuses on three areas: (1) the measurement and meaning of pregnancy planning; (2) understanding contraceptive decision-making within social, relational and structural contexts; and (3) evaluating the impact of and evidence base for policies related to reproductive health. She also serves as a co-PI on SOLARS, a prospective, longitudinal cohort study funded by UCSFs Preterm Birth Initiative. SOLARS aims to describe the relationship between psychosocial stress and ...
Current Situation of Social Welfare and Social Security | SpringerLink
A comprehensive overview is provided of the current situation of social welfare and social security in the selected temporary shelters of Tham Hin, Mae La and Ban Mai Nai Soi. Use is made of...
NCAI Indian Health & Social Welfare Concerns Committee Policy Resolution #10 - Inter-State Placement of Indian Children 10/22/76
Olympia, Wa Fido Net 1:352/333 :: :: 98507-2574 206-786-9629 :: :: USA The Quarto Mundista BBS :: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: NATIONAL CONGRESS OF AMERICAN INDIANS INDIAN HEALTH & SOCIAL WELFARE CONCERNS COMMITTEE Policy Resolution No. 10 INTER-STATE PLACEMENT OF INDIAN CHILDREN Adopted October 22, 1976 WHEREAS, the inter-state placement of Indian children out of their own homes into the homes of others, especially non- Indians, whether for foster care, adoptive, educational and other purposes is of grave concern to tribal governments in particular, and Indian people in general, because of the effects of such placements on the family life of Indian people and the unique legal-social status and rights of Indian people derived from tribal sovereignty, treaties, the U.S. Constitution and Federal Laws; and WHEREAS, to the knowledge of this convention, there are no laws or regulations protecting the above rights of Indian families and children; and WHEREAS, in fact, ...
UNICEF and Ministry of Health and Social Welfare working to expand reach of vaccination coverage | Press centre | UNICEF
MONROVIA, 27 July 2006 - In partnership with the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, UNICEF has turned over new four-wheel drive vehicles, motorcycles, and computers to the Government of Liberia. The supplies will be used to support the Ministrys Expanded Programme of Immunization and Environmental Health Sections as well as all 15 of Liberias County Health Teams.
Social welfare and individual preferences under uncertainty: a questionnaire-experimental approach - LSE Research Online
Cowell, Frank and Amiel, Yoram (2007) Social welfare and individual preferences under uncertainty: a questionnaire-experimental approach. In: Bishop, John and Amiel, Yoram, (eds.) Inequality and Poverty: Papers From the Society for the Study of Economic Inequalities Inaugural Meeting. Research on economic inequality,14. Elsevier, Oxford, pp. 345-364. ISBN 0762313749 ...
Read Health, Illness And Culture: Broken Narratives (Routledge Studies In Health And Social Welfare) 2008
What can I produce to be this in the read? If you are on a clinical dependence, like at copyright, you can be an difference control on your web to be original it is only needed with surface. If you approach at an read Health, Illness and Culture: Broken Narratives (Routledge Studies in Health and Social Welfare) 2008 or nanosized method, you can make the expression model to be a DNA across the protection expressing for T7 or non-survival patients.
Social Welfare - University at Albany-SUNY
Lab Website The Professional Development Program contributes state-of-the art capacities in education, training, research and evaluation, e-learning, video production, and public education campaigns. PDP offers a comprehensive package of services to improve individual and organizational performance, from initial consultation through all phases of needs assessment, organizational analysis, and program development to full implementation and management. Combined with its highly regarded content expertise in public policy and administration, social welfare, human services, computer systems, and instructional technologies.. ...
Sterilization and social welfare : a survey of current developments in North Carolina :: Selections from Print Collections...
SlERILIZAliON AND SOCIAL WELFARE A Survey of Current Developments in North Carolina By MOYA WOODSIDE Institute for Research in Social Science, University of North Carolina Therapeutic sterilization may be defined as an opera-tion intended to benefit the health of the subject, whereas the purpose of eugenic sterilization is to prevent the transmission of diseases and defects to future generations. In everyday practice, apart from certain grave mental disorders or some urgent physical indications for the procedure, we find that the two categories are not sharply contrasted but tend to shade into each other at different points on a scale; and this overlapping is especially noticeable in cases from those lower-income groups which come within the purview of State agencies. We may cite, for example, the multipara of borderline mentality, who is as likely to require relief from further pregnancies on the physical grounds of exhaustion, cardio-vascular symptoms of pelvic damage as she is on grounds of ...
Penn Law Faculty: Amy Wax, expert on Civil Procedure, Social Welfare Law and Policy, Law and Economics, Family Law
Amy Waxs work addresses issues in social welfare law and policy as well as the relationship of the family, the workplace, and labor markets. By bringing to bear her training in biomedical sciences and appellate practice as well as her interest in...
Individual national consultant for Risk Communication on Immunization COVID-19 Ministry of Health Social Welfare of Republika...
Closing date: Friday, 6 August 2021Individual national consultant for Risk Communication on Immunization and COVID-19, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of Republika Srpska, full time consultancy for 11.5 months (for BIH nationals only), home based with possibility for office presenceJob no: 542
The Redeemed Christian Church Of God Covenant Restoration Assembly Freedom House Parish | Poverty - Social Welfare Charities |...
Charity Choice list of charities includes The Redeemed Christian Church Of God Covenant Restoration Assembly Freedom House Parish and other Poverty charities. The Redeemed Christian Church Of God Covenant Restoration Assembly Freedom House Parish in West Midlands is featured in the Social Welfare charity database on Charity Choice.
Stan Stojkovic, PhD - Helen Bader School of Social Welfare
Dr. Stan Stojkovic is dean of the Helen Bader School of Social Welfare. Dr. Stojkovic is an expert in criminal justice administration, prisoner reintegration, and theories of justice. He has written extensively on corrections and works locally, nationally, and internationally with law enforcement and corrections entities.. Dr. Stojkovics expertise helps students and the public understand complex and relevant criminal justice issues. He is frequently interviewed by the media about current criminal justice topics.. Education:. ...
Missouri Association of Social Welfare Meets to Combat Racial Profiling
COLUMBIA - A group of coalitions discussed ways to eliminate racial profiling in traffic stops, Tuesday night. The coalitions involved are the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Columbia Police Department, Columbia Human Rights Commission, the Chancellors Diversity Initiative, COMO Citizens, American Civil Liberties Union and the Missouri Association for Social Welfare.
Arctic Outcasts: health and social welfare institutionalization and urbanization in the circumpolar North</em>...
TY - CONF. T1 - Arctic Outcasts: health and social welfare institutionalization and urbanization in the circumpolar North. AU - Christensen, Julia. PY - 2014/11/5. Y1 - 2014/11/5. M3 - Paper. T2 - Cosmobilities Conference. Y2 - 5 November 2014 through 7 November 2014. ER - ...
Risk Taking in Health and Social Welfare
Finden Sie alle Bücher von Titterton, Mike - Risk Taking in Health and Social Welfare. Bei der Büchersuchmaschine eurobuch.com können Sie antiquarische und Neubücher VERGLEICHEN UND SOFORT zum Bestpreis bestellen. 9781853024825
Social Welfare Society, - Community , Pallavur,, Kerala | Medindia
Are you looking for Social Welfare Society in Pallavur, Kerala? Find its location, contact details, address along with an interactive map. Also search for other information.
Reaching Out or Pulling Back: Macroeconomic Conditions and Public Support for Social Welfare Spending, Political Behavior | 10...
Read Reaching Out or Pulling Back: Macroeconomic Conditions and Public Support for Social Welfare Spending, Political Behavior on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
Atmakur Taluka Harijana Girijana Social Welfare Youth Association
Get complete details of Atmakur Taluka Harijana Girijana Social Welfare Youth Association NGO in Andhra Pradesh, office address- J R PETA, ATMAKUR, TOWN , SPSR NELLORE DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH 524322 9490778663 [email protected] on searchdonation.com
Question Social Welfare Medal (Medaille f r Deutsche Volkspflege)
Hi folks, Im trying to get verification if this is an original Social Welfare Medal. It looks like one with all the silver finish worn off, however I dont see any remains of the silver fin
Frisch Centre
This paper simulates a set of proposed policies from the Norwegian pension reform within a structural dynamic model of health and retirement estimated on the Norwegian labour market data. The paper focuses on the two main elements of the reform, namely the new pension entitlement accrual rules linking benefits more closely to earnings and the new pension benefit drawing rules designed to eliminate the incentives distortions with respect to the time of retirement. The effects of these proposals are investigated in terms of labour market outcomes, social welfare and income distribution. It is shown that while the proposed pension reform succeeds in urging the older workers to postpone their retirement and induces an increase in total social welfare, individuals in good health who retire early experience a negative change in their discounted utility. In addition, an increase in social welfare is accompanied with an increase in income inequality. ...
HSSRC administration | Health System Strengthening Resource Center
HSSRC Administration and Management. Health System Strengthening Resource Centre (HSSRC) is meant to support the current approved structure of the The Presidents Office Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG).. PO-RALG is the custodian of the coordination of HSSRC through the Department of Health, Social Welfare and Nutrition services (DHS). As deemed necessary and based on competence required other Departments within and outside PO-RALG will be involved to facilitate the smooth running of the Resource centre.. An appointed person from the Department of Health, Social Welfare and Nutrition services (DHS) at Po-RALG with a support from the Resource Centre Secretariat will coordinate the Resource Centre on daily basis and report to the Director of Health, Social Welfare and Nutrition services. The overall coordination and logistics management will be done by the Po-RALG according to the matrix of the implementation and work plan. In the spirit of PPP promotion, the center shall ...
Identification of Two Novel Mutations in the |i|ATM|/i| Gene from Patients with Ataxia-Telangiectasia by Whole Exome Sequencing...
Title:Identification of Two Novel Mutations in the ,i,ATM,/i, Gene from Patients with Ataxia-Telangiectasia by Whole Exome Sequencing. VOLUME: 20 ISSUE: 7. Author(s): Masoud Heidari, Morteza Soleyman-Nejad, Mohammad H. Taskhiri, Javad Shahpouri, Alireza Isazadeh, Roghayyeh Ahangari, Ali R. Mohamadi, Masoumeh Ebrahimi , Hadi Karimi , Manzar Bolhassani, Zahra Karimi and Mansour Heidari *. Affiliation:Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Ariagene Medical Genetics Laboratory, Qom, Ariagene Medical Genetics Laboratory, Qom, Pediatric Clinical Research of Development Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Nekouei- Hedayati-Forghani Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Qom Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Center, Qom, Qom Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Center, Qom, Qom Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Center, ...
Latest News Archives - Abdul Aleem Khan Foundation
Abdul Aleem Khan Foundation, Abdul Aleem Khan orphans, Abdul Aleem Khan socialwelfare, Abdul Aleem Khan Trust, Pakistani orphans, Pakistani Trust, Pakistani Social Welfare,Lahore orphans, Lahore Trust, Lahore social welfares, orphans in Lahore, social welfare in Lahore
Welfare - Wikipedia
In the Roman Empire, the first emperor Augustus provided the Cura Annonae or grain dole for citizens who could not afford to buy food every month. Social welfare was enlarged by the Emperor Trajan.[2] Trajans program brought acclaim from many, including Pliny the Younger.[3] The Song dynasty government (c.1000AD in China) supported multiple programs which could be classified as social welfare, including the establishment of retirement homes, public clinics, and paupers graveyards. According to economist Robert Henry Nelson, The medieval Roman Catholic Church operated a far-reaching and comprehensive welfare system for the poor...[4][5]. Early welfare programs in Europe included the English Poor Law of 1601, which gave parishes the responsibility for providing welfare payments to the poor.[6] This system was substantially modified by the 19th-century Poor Law Amendment Act, which introduced the system of workhouses.. Public assistance programs were not called welfare until the early 20th ...
U.S. social welfare programs | Search Results | Bates...
Murrays primary research interest is in poverty, both in the U.S. and abroad. He has written extensively on in-kind transfer programs in the United
Use Public Schools for Learning, Not for Social Welfare Programs : Traveling down the path of campus-based clinics risks...
The Orange Unified School District Board of Trustees recently adopted a policy that will ban permanent school-based clinics on school campuses. The vote is seen as a hollow victory for social
Social Welfare Programmes: November 2018 - Adopt A School Foundation
The Foundation has achieved tremendous results from these programmes and looks forward to examining the long-term impact of the projects implemented in our
The Federal Constitutional Court Eviscerates German Welfare Law. Or does it? - Hammel Translations
In 2005, the German Bundestag revolutionized social welfare law with the so-called Hartz IV1(g) reforms. These reforms were pushed through by former Social Democratic German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder, and quite possibly ended his political career. The reason? They tightened eligibility criteria, capped the amount of benefits people could receive, and tied the benefits to cooperation requirements intended to re-integrate the unemployed into the workforce. From now on, welfare recipients would be required to sign re-integration contracts in which they made binding promises to seek work or attend re-training. If they declined to cooperate, their benefits could be slashed by 30%, or even more.. The law was, according to its title, supposed to modernize the German labor market, but opponents saw it as a direct attack on the principle of the social welfare state. Instead of providing all Germans with an unconditional guarantee of assistance if they could no longer support themselves, the ...