BACKGROUND: Though social class differences in coronary heart disease (CHD) are well recognized, few studies have assessed the effect of imprecision in social class assessment on the relationship or the overall contribution of social class to attributable CHD risk. METHODS: Prospective observational study of the relationship between occupational social class (assessed at baseline and after 20 years), major CHD (coronary death and non-fatal myocardial infarction) and all-cause mortality rates over 20 years among 5628 middle-aged British men with no previous evidence of CHD. RESULTS: The age-adjusted hazard of major CHD for manual men relative to non-manual men was 1.41 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.64) before correction and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.25, 1.79) after correction for imprecision of social class measurement. The imprecision-corrected estimate was attenuated to 1.28 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.54) after adjustment for the adult coronary risk factors (blood cholesterol, blood pressure, body mass index, cigarette smoking,
Social class differences in mortality from causes of death amenable to medical intervention were examined. All deaths in New Zealand males aged 15-64 years during the periods 1975-1977 and 1985-1987 were identified. Strong social class gradients in mortality from causes of death amenable to medical intervention were observed during both periods....
Objective: To assess the associations between childhood and adulthood social class and insulin resistance.. Design: Cross sectional survey.. Setting: 23 towns across England, Scotland, and Wales.. Participants: 4286 women aged 60-79years.. Main outcome measures: Insulin resistance and other cardiovascular disease risk factors.. Results: Belonging to manual social classes in childhood and in adulthood was independently associated with increased insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, and general obesity. The association between childhood social class and insulin resistance was stronger than that for adult social class. The effect, on insulin resistance and other risk factors, of belonging to a manual social class at either stage in the life course was cumulative, with no evidence of an interaction between childhood and adult social class. Women who were in manual social classes in childhood remained at increased risk of insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, and obesity-even if they moved into non-manual ...
Objectives: To investigate the association between occupational social class and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, and the extent to which classical and lifestyle risk factors explain such relationships, and if any differences persist after 65 years of age. Design, Setting and Participants: Prospective population study of 22,478 men and women aged 39-79 years living in the general community in Norfolk, United Kingdom, recruited using general practice age-sex registers in 1993-1997 and followed up for total mortality to 2006. Main results: In both men and women an inverse relationship was observed between social class and CVD incidence, with a relative risk of social class V compared to I of 1.90 in men (95% CI 1.47 to 2.47, P | 0.001) and 1.90 in women (95% CI 1.45 to 2.49, P | 0.001). Adjusting for classical and lifestyle risk factors (age, smoking, BMI, systolic blood pressure, total blood cholesterol, history of diabetes, physical activity, weekly alcohol intake and plasma vitamin C levels) had
The shrinking middle class is a continuing theme in the political discourse this election season. This comes as no surprise because what it means to be middle class is at the heart of the American Dream. As the White House Task Force on the Middle Class led by Vice President Biden noted, being middle class is less to do with income and more about aspirations. Middle class families aspire to home ownership, a car, college education for their children, health and retirement security, and occasional family vacations.. The challenge is that income stagnation has made it harder for families to keep up with the spiraling costs of health care, college tuition, and housing. College tuition and fees for four year public colleges nationally have increased at four times the rate of inflation. Although, the well-documented return in future wage gains are considerable, the immediate reality for many graduates can be crippling student loan debt. Similarly, personal health care costs have grown by three times ...
This study on the use of CVD preventive medicine in middle-aged Danish men indicated that those with low SEP in childhood tended to have a higher probability of initiation of statins and poorer persistency of treatment with statins. IQ might be a mediating factor between childhood SEP and initiation of statins, while it had no impact on the association of low childhood SEP with low refill persistency for statins. Our study is the first to analyse the association between SEP in childhood and initiation of and persistency of treatment with CVD preventive medicine with IQ measured in young adulthood as a potential mediator. However, a number of studies have investigated the influence of childhood SEP on CVD morbidity and mortality. Most of these studies have found an association between childhood SEP and CVD.1 ,9 ,11 ,24 Furthermore, in a previous study of the Metropolit cohort, men with low childhood SEP had an increased risk of CHD after adjustment for adult SEP.25 This and the other studies ...
The 1981-2 General Household Survey showed steep class gradients in limiting longstanding illness for men and women aged 20-59 that were very similar to the class gradients in mortality in the 1979-83 decennial supplement. The class gradient for women classified by their husbands occupation was stronger than that when they were classified by their own occupation. Men and women who lacked paid employment reported poorer health than the employed and were concentrated in the lower social classes. Inequalities in ill health due to class were partly caused by the higher proportion in the lower social classes who were without work. Class differences in ill health still existed, however, among the currently employed, with unskilled men reporting particularly poor health and women manual workers reporting poorer health than women in non-manual jobs. Class differences were greater for the occupationless than for the currently employed. Thus class remains an important indicator of health inequalities ...
Before adjustment, Nordic countries had large inequalities in self-rated health relative to other European countries. For example the regression coefficient for the difference in health between working class and professional men living in Norway was 0.34 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.42), while the comparable figure for Spain was 0.15 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.22). Adjusting for financial strain and labour force status led to attenuation of health inequalities in all countries. However, unlike some countries such as Spain, where after adjustment the regression coefficient for working class men was only 0.02 (95% CI −0.05 to 0.10), health inequalities persisted after adjustment for Nordic countries. For Norway the adjusted coefficient was 0.17 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.25). Results for women and men were similar. However, in comparison to men, class inequalities tended to be stronger for women and more persistent after adjustment ...
Introduction Nordic countries do not have the smallest health inequalities despite egalitarian social policies. A possible explanation for this is that drivers of class differences in health such as financial strain and labour force status remain socially patterned in Nordic countries.. Methods Our analyses used data for working age (25-59) men (n = 48,249) and women (n = 52,654) for 20 countries from five rounds (2002-2010) of the European Social Survey. The outcome was self-rated health in 5 categories. Stratified by gender we used fixed effects linear regression models and marginal standardisation to instigate how countries varied in the degree to which class inequalities were attenuated by financial strain and labour force status.. Results and Discussion Before adjustment, Nordic countries had large inequalities in self-rated health relative to other European countries. For example the regression coefficient for the difference in health between working class and professional men living in ...
The present study used harmonised measures across three British birth cohorts to investigate specific pathways from childhood SEP to mid-life cognitive function, via mediators established in the existing literature (childhood cognitive ability, adult educational and occupational attainment). Specifically we sought to test (1) whether childhood SEP was directly associated with mid-life cognitive function, or whether this antecedent operates indirectly through childhood cognition, and subsequent education and adult occupation, (2) whether cognitive ability had a greater direct influence on adult cognitive function, or indirect via education and adult occupation and (3) whether these relations were similar across cohorts.. After having established measurement equivalence across the studies, an extremely consistent pattern emerged in all three cohorts in which childhood SEP was not directly associated with mid-life cognitive function. Rather, childhood SEP was indirectly associated with later ...
Downloadable (with restrictions)! The study investigates the health effects of subjective class position stratified by objective social position. Four types of subjective class were analysed separately for individuals with manual or non-manual occupational background. The cross-sectional analysis is based on the Swedish Level-of-Living Survey from 2000 and includes 4,139 individuals. The dataset comprises information on perceived class affinity and occupational position that was combined to conduct logistic regression models on self-rated health. An inverse relationship between self-rated health and the eight combinations of objective and subjective social position was found. Lower socio-economic position was associated with poor health. The largest adverse health effects were found for lower subjective social position in combination with lower occupational position. When the covariates education, fathers occupational position and income were added to the model, adverse effects on health remained only
Ian: Well, theres a famous graph that if you were listening to this at home, you can Google called the elephant graph, and what the elephant graph shows is the rate of change in income over the last 30 to 40 years of different quintiles of global wealth group.. How did the poor do in terms of their income growth over the last 34 years? How did the wealthy do? What you see as a result of globalization is rapid income growth among the bottom two-thirds of global society. This is all of the people coming out of poverty in the developing world, especially in places like China and India, doing really well over the last 40 years. Thats the body of the elephant. Then you see the trunk of the elephant, all the tip top of the trunk of the elephant, which is people in the top 1 percent and .01 percent in the world doing really well.. Who didnt do well in terms of income growth over the last 40 years? The middle class in the West, the middle class in Europe, the middle class in the United states. They ...
Researchers report an inverse association between peoples subjective social status (SSS) and the likelihood of them having a psychiatric disorder.. The association was evident for all 16 mental disorders assessed, including bipolar disorder, and was independent of peoples objective social status, based on measures of income, education and occupation.. This indicates that studies relying on objective measures of socioeconomic status may underestimate the size of the association between social circumstances and mental health, say Kate Scott (University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand) and co-authors.. Their study used data from 20 surveys undertaken in 18 countries in Asia, the South Pacific, South America and the USA, Europe and the Middle East, involving 56,085 people. Participants SSS was specific to the situation in their own countries.. Previous research has suggested that feelings of shame, frustration and anxiety associated with the perception of low relative social status may increase ...
Background Little is known about the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health in late adolescence. As it is difficult to measure SES in this age group directly, we used two subjective social status (SSS) scales with different reference groups for social comparison in the relatively homogeneous group of university students and analyzed the relationship with health and health behaviors. Methods We used two 10-rung ladders, a societal and a university one, to measure SSS in students (n = 689, 16-29 years). We compared the scales ratings and analyzed relationships with sociodemographic factors, health outcomes and behaviors. Results On average, students rated their individual SSS higher on the university scale (6.87) than on the societal one (6.41). Regarding health outcomes and behaviors, we found similar results for both scales, while sociodemographic variables were more likely to be associated with the societal scale. Conclusion SSS seems to be a useful measure besides the ...
Our teaching and research in the School of SSESW focus on questions of social justice, inequality and making a social difference. These principles are enshrined in Professor Reays work more broadly. The seminar will showcase the importance of Sociology, and the Sociological Imagination, in the pursuit of these principles, as they relate to the process of, as Professor Reay says, thinking through class in relation to education, inequality and the effects of such inequality for the working classes in particular. It may also prompt us to (re)consider the structural barriers and lived and felt realities that constitute the education experience for working class students, and how we might better widen their participation and attainment in a more rounded and meaningful way ...
In this study, we investigated the association of individual and neighbourhood SES with PA and ST among seventh grade school students. The individual SES of the students in our study sample, measured with the FAS, was significantly associated with ST. Students with lower SES were more likely to spend more than 2 hours per day viewing screen devices. Compared with high SES, low SES was more strongly associated with ST than middle SES. Similar results were found in other studies.16 46 47 Potential reasons for these findings are that parents with better education and higher statuses may be more aware of the health consequences of excessive ST and thus have stricter rules regarding ST behaviour.48 Children from families with lower SES may also more often have a TV in their room, which has been shown to be associated with higher ST levels.49 Moreover, it is well known that parents have an important role-modelling function, which influences childrens behaviours, such as screen viewing.50 Since ...
Long before Cold Chisel, long before Barnesy, there was the true story of James Dixon Swan A household name, an Australian rock icon, the elder statesman of Ozrock - there isnt an accolade or cliche that doesnt apply to Jimmy Barnes. But long before Cold Chisel and Barnesy, long before the tall tales of success and excess, there was the true story of James Dixon Swan - a working class boy whose family made the journey from Scotland to Australia in search of a better life. Working Class Boy is a powerful reflection on a traumatic and violent childhood, which fuelled the excess and recklessness that would define, but almost destroy, the rocknroll legend. This is the story of how James Swan became Jimmy Barnes. It is a memoir burning with the frustration and frenetic energy of teenage sex, drugs, violence and ambition for more than what you have. Raw, gritty, compassionate, surprising and darkly funny, Jimmy Barness childhood memoir is at once the story of migrant dreams fulfilled and ...
5. Working Class. To protect Clinton, liberals deny that there is or can be a working class electorate. The electorate is only to be viewed through the prism of identity politics. Two category errors follow: The white working class is deemed to be racist, by definition, and the non-white working class is erased. Consequently, its impossible to think through the universal effects of the FIRE sector on the working class, nor its differential effects on particular working class identities. This is not an accident ...
The Speculative Literature Foundation is taking applications for its first annual Working Class/Impoverished Writers Grant. The grant is aimed at working class, blue-collar, poor, and homeless writers who have been historically underrepresented in speculative fiction due to financial barriers.. Guidelines and directions for applying for this SLF grant are here. The Foundation emphasizes it is available to international writers as well as Americans, so people will not be misled by the domestic examples used to illustrate the characteristics of qualifying applicants:. ...
(HealthDay) -- Childhood socioeconomic status affects hippocampal volume in older adults, after adjusting for adult socioeconomic status, gender, education, and other factors, according to a study published in the May issue ...
Association between subjective social status and cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta- ...
And because theres no income floor written into the law, a third of scholarship recipients come from low-income families making less than $80,000-even though the program was designed to help middle-income families making $80,000 to $150,000 annually who dont qualify for much other relief.. Its those disadvantaged students whom the program wasnt intended to serve who have the greatest need, get the largest checks and would be most harmed if it disappears.. Were pro funding for students of all income levels, said Dean Kulju, CSUs director of student financial aid services and programs, but the Middle Class Scholarship program isnt hitting its target.. Former Assembly Speaker John Perez first pitched the financial aid program for middle class families in 2012 as an antidote to recession-era budget cuts that led UC and CSU tuition to almost double in four years. By closing a $1 billion corporate tax loophole, Perez estimated the state could reduce college fees by two-thirds for close to ...
Monday, May 14, 2012. Kampala - The number of absolutely poor Ugandans has dropped to 7.5 million (24.5%) from 8.5 million (31.1%) as of 2010, a Ministry of Finance status report released in Kampala shows.. The report indicates a growth in the countrys middle class from 7.8 million (28.7%) in 2006 to 10 million (32.6%) in 2010. It as well shows a growth in the non poor but insecure citizens from 11 million to 13.2 million in the country.. The absolutely poor Ugandans are those that feed on less than a dollar (Ushs2500) a day, while the non poor but insecure citizens are those that can meet their basic needs or afford to feed on more than a dollar but can easily fall back into the poverty cycle.. The middle class are citizens that have at least attained a certain level of income security. They devote a higher proportion of total consumption to education, and has fewer and more educated children.. ...
Educational attainment is one of the primary indicators of social class in the United States.[26] While the American social class system is a vaguely defined concept with many contradicting theories,[27][28] educational attainment emerges as one of the top assessments of social class. Not only is a high educational attainment a status symbol by itself, but it is also very closely related to the other two main indicators of social class: occupation and income. A graduate degree and the roughly seven to eight years of post-secondary education serve as the main requirement for entering the professions and becoming part of the professional middle class.[26] Education is a major key in becoming a more privileged member of the American middle class.[26][28] Overall, educational attainment is the main entrance barrier into more privileged parts of the middle class as it is not only of high value but is also the requirement for becoming a professional and earning the corresponding income.[26] This ...
Downward mobility, homelessness spreading to the middle class, 200,000 public employees laid off? Here are some frightening trends to keep an eye on. Middle-Class Americans Often Fall Down Economic Ladder: Study - nearly a third of Americans who were part of the middle class have fallen out of it
An analysis piece in the venerable New York Times declaring that Canadas middle class is now better off than the American middle class has certainly generated headlines across this country. But not all analysts are convinced the report tells the whole story.
MoveOn.Org - Stepping On The Middle Class. I Mitt Romney and my Vice Presidential pick Paul Ryan do solemnly pledge that we will fight for tax cuts for millionaires and billionaires well pay for by stepping on the middle class with higher taxes and destroying medicare. Complete Full Transcript, Dialogue, Remarks, Saying, Quotes, Words And Text.
The little of the download 8 ranks of class groups of some imaginary quadratic has: The productivity of your adventure does considerably History, all that plants is who your MODELTEST everything perks. To enter the download 8 ranks of class groups of, - that is way; to be the jurisdiction, and know no energy for a click or an format. Technopoetics 4: download 8 ranks of class groups of some on the standard, December 1994?
Social classes are divisions of people in society in accordance with their economic status. Ancient China was divided into six social classes. Rulers: The Emperor, leaders or other kinds of rulers Nobles: The nobles made up the highest-ranking class after the ruling family. They fought in emperors army, provided weapons, foot soldiers, and chariots. Shang nobles enjoyed life of luxury. They lived in great palaces and spent time on hunting. From hunting they had the oracle bones. Farmers: Farmers were the largest social class in Shang society. They worked small plots of land, growing millet, wheat, barley, rice, fruit, vegetables, and nuts. The land was under the control of either the emperor or the nobles. The farmers didnt even get to keep most of their crops. They kept only enough to feed themselves and their families. Craftspeople: They formed a small social class. This class included bronze and jade workers, potters, and stonemasons. Bronze workers made the weapons and decorated containers for the
Essays.io ✍️ How Did the Working Class or Social Critics View Gender Divisions of Labor? Research Paper Example from students accepted to Harvard, Stanford, and
Study objective-To test the hypothesis that poor material standard of living is independently associated with the prevalence of the common mental disorders after adjusting for occupational social class, and to estimate the population impact of poor material standard of living on the prevalence of these disorders. Design-Cross sectional survey....
Against those who wrote off the proletariat as a revolutionary social force and declared the class struggle to be old hat, the first outbursts of the working class in China, following on from Greece, are sending tremors through global ruling elites.
In the near future, it seems unlikely well see a situation where anarchists are able to gain enough influence in any particular workplace to provide a shining example to the rest of the working class. Fortunately, last autumn/winters struggle by the Sparks group of electricians demonstrated that something approaching full class consciousness can rise almost spontaneously if the conditions are right. The Sparks - having seen the Unite bureaucracy sell out their membership time after time - decided to form a parallel rank and file organisation when their construction industry employers threatened to slash wages by up to 35%. The Unite hierarchys intrinsic hostility to grassroots self-organisation was soon made clear when chief negotiator Bernard McAulay branded Sparks cancerous in a leaked email. A long campaign of direct action culminated in angry electricians literally chasing suited and booted construction executives around a plush Park Lane hotel. Days later, the companies withdrew the ...
The tale at its heart is a romance, but also a very twentieth century narrative; it is the story of Ruth and Eddie Frow. By any criteria, both were remarkable individuals. Eddie - a member of the Communist Party from the age of seventeen until his death - was an active participant in many of the defining protests against the callous austerities of the 1920s and 30s. This activism saw him incur at least one beating from the police but he stood firm, for instance, in the General Strike of 1926. Eddies indomitable personality is fictionalised in Walter Greenwoods classic Love On The Dole. Ruths path - from the Womens Auxiliary Air Force to the Manchester Peace Committee - was, perhaps, always likely to cross his. When it did, it was at a day school on labour history, run by the party of which Ruth, too, was a member.. The Working Class Movement Library grew out of their relationship and, at first, out of their home - which was on the same Stretford road on which a Morrissey still in possession ...
Working people have always struggled to get their voices heard. The Working Class Movement Library records over 200 years of organising and campaigning by ordinary men and women. Our collection provides a rich insight into working peoples daily lives as well as their thoughts, hopes, fears and the roles they played in the significant events of their time ...
Ed Kilgore points out that in the latest polls, Trump is not just behind, hes even losing ground with his most fervent supporters, the white working class: Hes still leading in this demographic, to be sure. But every recent Republican has won it, by ever-increasing margins. Mitt Romney won non-college-educated white voters by an estimated […]
PITTSBURGH (AFP) - Hillary Clinton took a bus tour across the US rust belt region this weekend in a quest to win over white, working class voters who tend to support populist Republican Donald Trump.. Read more at straitstimes.com.
The Working Class Movement Library is due to host an online music and poerty evening compared b actor Maxine Peake and featuring bands like Goat Girl.
Background: The objective of this study was to analyse the association between area deprivation at municipality level and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity across Germany, controlling for individual socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: The analyses are based on a large survey conducted in 2006. Information was included from 39,908 adults aged 20 years or above. Area deprivation was assessed using the German Index of Multiple Deprivation (GIMD) at municipality level. About 4,700 municipalities could be included and assigned to a deprivation quintile. Individual SES was assessed by income and educational level. Multilevel logistic models were used to control for individual SES and other potential confounders such as age, sex and physical activity. Results: We found a positive association of area deprivation with T2D and obesity. Controlling for all individual-level variables, the odds ratios for municipalities in the most deprived quintile were significantly increased for T2D (OR ...
We have demonstrated a strong and specific association between an indicator of childhood social circumstances and CVD mortality among male former Glasgow University students, in agreement with several other studies.1 Our study has the advantage of having collected information on fathers occupation at entry to further education (when most students would have been living at home), rather than relying on recall in middle age, which has been used in most studies of this issue. Furthermore, confounding by adulthood circumstances is unlikely to be as problematic as in most studies. Less than 5% of school leavers entered university over the period of this study4 and those who did would generally have received educational credentials that placed them in a privileged social position in adult life. The association is specific for CVD mortality; other broad cause of death groups-which would be equally influenced by adulthood social circumstances and health related behaviours-show no association with ...
Background: Lung and upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) cancer risk are associated with low socioeconomic circumstances and routinely measured using area socioeconomic indices. We investigated effect of country of birth, marital status, one area deprivation measure and individual socioeconomic variables (economic activity, education, occupational social class, car ownership, household tenure) on risk associated with lung, UADT and all cancer combined (excluding non melanoma skin cancer). Methods: We linked Scottish Longitudinal Study and Scottish Cancer Registry to follow 203,658 cohort members aged 15+ years from 1991-2006. Relative risks (RR) were calculated using Poisson regression models by sex offset for person-years of follow-up. Results: 21,832 first primary tumours (including 3,505 lung, 1,206 UADT) were diagnosed. Regardless of cancer, economically inactivity (versus activity) was associated with increased risk (male: RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.10-1.18; female: RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.11). For ...
The essays in this book discuss several aspects of the reproduction of the working class focusing on the social and technical division of labour. They are based on mobility data from Sweden and other countries. The author demonstrates the limits of educational reforms in equalizing career opportunities. It is stressed that these limits are due to existing social relations.. A main theoretical problem is how to explain the reproduction of en economic order characterized by large inequalities of earnings. The author challenges the orthodox economic analysis and shows that the structure of relative earnings is only vaguely and inconsistently related to the process of allocation of labour.. One essay analyses the political impact of the changed social reproduction of the Swedish working class. On the basis of recent electoral data it is argued that the decline of socialist votes in the working class can be seen as a result of its increasing social heterogeneity.. Some of the material in this volume ...
The rising cost of college and lack of income growth has pushed many students into massive amounts of debt. Many older Americans like to talk about the days when they went to college and paid for their schooling with a part-time job. No part-time job is going to pay for $50,000 a year in tuition (or even $20,000 at many public schools) when the average per capita income is $25,000: Since 2000, in real terms college costs are now up by 23% Since 2000, in real terms real pay for college graduates is down by 11% This I find extremely troubling. While the cost of going to college has risen by 23 percent over the last decade actual real pay for college graduates has fallen by 11 percent. Can it be that higher education itself is in a bubble? This is very likely. Education is vital to having a vibrant and competitive middle class. Yet Wall Street has allowed the banking system once again to turn this institution into a commodity meant to be traded and raided. This is why we have many paper-mill ...
Roughly 40 percent of Americans who are considered middle class will fall into poverty or near poverty by the time they reach age 65, according to a recent study by the Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis at The New School.
Samson, Alain (2000) Middle class, invisible and dispersed: Ethnic group contact, ethnic awareness and ethnic identity among Swiss-German immigrants in California. Swiss Journal of Sociology, 26 (1). pp. 37-67. ISSN 0379-3664 ...
The prevalence of overweight (15.2%) and the energy intake (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 for boys and girls respectively) were found to be higher for the middle/high SES group for both genders. Regarding biochemical indices, middle/high SES children had higher values of High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 for boys and girls respectively) and lower values of TC/HDL-C ratio and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 for boys and girls respectively). This could be attributed to the higher physical activity levels observed for middle/ high SES children (p < 0.001 ...
What does it mean for policy and welfare programs when the definition of poverty creeps up into the middle class? Jarrett Skorup of the Mackinac Center comments.. ...
The Centre is looking to provide investment opportunities to the middle class.It is also eyeing a long-term solution for farmers problems
But this would not explain why European labor appears as opposed to globalization as U.S. unions. Western Europe is labor abundant, so we would expect western European worker to benefit from the expansion of trade. Yet one does not have to look hard at all to see that European unions are not in love with globalization. The right answer now might be that those who are mobile win in the global economy, while those who are immobile lose. While capital is mobile geographically, governments are bound to their location. Workers, even where they have significant legal opportunities to move, as in the European Union, are still restricted in their mobility by their language abilities or lack thereof, and by the common desire to live near their families (another way in which corporations are not people, by the way). And it is not as if European capital can only be invested in the EU ...
Hi, everybody. Four years after the worst economic crisis of our lifetimes, our economy is growing again and creating jobs. But we have much more to do. Our task now is to build on that progress. Because this nation only succeeds when weve got a growing, thriving middle class. Thats what drives me. Thats what I campaigned on for the past year. Thats what will guide me in our work over the next four years. And Im willing to work with anyone of any party to move this country forward.. Because soon, we face a very clear deadline that requires us to make some big decisions on jobs and taxes; on investments and deficits. Both parties voted to set this deadline. And I believe both parties can work together to make these decisions in a balanced and responsible way.. When it comes to taxes, for example, there are two pathways available. One says, if Congress fails to act by the end of the year, then everybodys taxes automatically go up - including the 98% of Americans who make less than $250,000 a ...