Incidence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains in beef, pork, chicken, deer, boar, bison, and rabbit retail meat ...

Aspán A. and E. Eriksson. 2010. Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Swedish cattle; isolates from prevalence studies versus strains linked to human infections--a retrospective study. BMC Vet Res. 6: 7.. Bielaszewska M., A. Mellmann, W. Zhang, R. Köck, A. Fruth and A. Bauwens. 2011. Characterization of the Escherichia coli strain associated with an outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in Germany, 2011: a microbiological study. Lancet Infect. Dis. 11: 671-676.. Bugarel M., L. Beutin and P. Fach. 2010. Low-density macroarray targeting non-locus of enterocyte effacement effectors (nle genes) and major virulence factors of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC): a new approach for molecular risk assessment of STEC isolates. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76: 203-211.. Bugarel M., A. Martin, P. Fach and L. Beutin. 2011. Virulence gene profiling of enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) and enteropathogenic (EPEC) Escherichia coli strains: a basis for molecular risk assessment of typical and atypical ...

Aflatoxin, Fumonisin and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infections in Calves and the Effectiveness of Celmanax®-Dairymans Choice™ Applications to Eliminate Morbidity and Mortality Losses. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.

To the Editor: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections are an important cause of severe human disease. Although most infections are caused by strains of serogroup O157, STEC pathogenic to humans may belong to other serogroups usually referred to as non-O157 STEC.. Recently, Tarr et al. (1) and Acheson et al. (2) described infections attributable to STEC O103 and expressed concern that non-O157 STEC may pose an underestimated threat to public health in the United States. In fact, non-O157 STEC is often overlooked in clinical microbiology laboratories because the toxigenic phenotype is not exploited to identify such pathogens. Rather, most laboratories use sorbitol MacConkey agar and serotyping (which cannot detect most non-O157 STEC) to identify E. coli O157:H7.. Since the end of the 1980s, non-O157 STEC infections have caused as many as 10% to 30% of sporadic cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in Germany (3), Italy (4), and the United Kingdom (5). Moreover, HUS outbreaks ...

Mycotoxin mixtures are associated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections in mature cattle. STEC are considered commensal bacteria in mature cattle suggesting that mycotoxins provide a mechanism that converts this bacterium to an opportunistic pathogen. In this study, we assessed the mycotoxin content of hemorrhaged mucosa in dairy calves during natural disease outbreaks, compared the virulence genes of the STECs, evaluated the effect of the mucosal mycotoxins on STEC toxin expression and evaluated a Celmanax®/Dairymans Choice™ application to alleviate disease. As for human infections, the OI-122 encoded nleB gene was common to STEC genotypes eliciting serious disease. Low levels of aflatoxin (1-3 ppb) and fumonisin (50-350 ppb) were detected in the hemorrhaged mucosa. Growth of the STECs with the mycotoxins altered the secreted protein concentration with a corresponding increase in cytotoxicity. Changes in intracellular calcium indicated that the mycotoxins increased

To estimate multipliers linking surveillance of salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections to community incidence, we used data from a gastroenteritis survey and other sources. Multipliers for severe (bloody stool/long duration) and milder cases were estimated from the component probabilities of doctor visit, stool test, sensitivity of laboratory test, and reporting to surveillance system. Pathogens were classified by the same severity criteria and appropriate multipliers applied. Precision of estimates was quantified by using simulation techniques to construct 95% credible intervals (CrIs). The multiplier for salmonellosis was estimated at 7 (95% CrI 4-16), for campylobacteriosis at 10 (95% CrI 7-22), and for STEC at 8 (95% CrI 3-75). Australian annual community incidence rates per 100,000 population were estimated as 262 (95% CrI 150-624), 1,184 (95% CrI 756-2,670), and 23 (95% CrI 13-54), respectively. Estimation of multipliers allows assessment of

In recent years, the incidence of foodborne diseases caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) has increased globally. For this reason, within the specific regional control plan for the detection of STEC in food products in Italy, the presence of STEC in unpasteurised milk cheeses was investigated. In total, 203 samples obtained from March 2011 to December 2013 were analysed, with two standard methods (ISO 16654:2001 and ISO 13136:2012). Two strains of E. coli O157 were isolated (2/161, 1.2%) but did not carry any virulence-associated genes and 22 stx-positive samples (22/146, 15.1%) were detected in enrichment cultures, mostly from ovine cheeses. Only two strains isolated from different ovine cheeses carried stx gene and none of these was eae-positive. This study confirms the presence of stx-positive E. coli and suggests that this type of food cannot be excluded as a potential vehicle of STEC ...

Sprouted seeds have been implicated in a number of serious outbreaks caused by Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Sprouts pose a very complex challenge to bacterial pathogen enrichment and detection since they naturally contain high levels of background microflora including members of the Enterobacteriaceae. As such, the currently used method cannot ensure reliable detection of STEC in sprouts. In this study, we compared different media for the enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae in their ability to promote the growth of stressed STEC at 37°C and 42°C. Mung bean sprouts were spiked with low levels of STEC and their growth was recorded over time. In addition, the microbiome of mung bean sprouts was analysed before and after enrichment. Our results indicate that the growth of dry-stressed STEC is comparable in all of the tested enrichment media except for mTSB+Novobiocin and not influenced by the incubation temperature. Low levels of STEC spiked into the sprouts resuspended in ...

ICD-10 B96.22 is other specified shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli [e. coli] (stec) as the cause of diseases classified elsewhere (B9622). This code is grouped under diagnosis codes for certain infectious and parasitic diseases.

The viability of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes within plant- and beef-based burgers was monitored during storage and cooking. When inoculated (ca. 3.5 log CFU/g) into 15-g portions of plant- or beef-based burgers, levels of STEC and Salmonella decreased slightly (≤0.5-log decrease) in both types of burgers when stored at 4°C, but increased ca. 2.4 and 0.8 log CFU/g, respectively, in plant-based burgers but not beef-based burgers (≤1.2-log decrease), after 21 days at 10°C. For L. monocytogenes, levels increased by ca. 1.3 and 2.6 log CFU/g in plant burgers after 21 days at 4 and 10°C, respectively, whereas pathogen levels decreased slightly (≤0.9-log decrease) in beef burgers during storage at 4 and 10°C. Regarding cooking, burgers (ca. 114 g each) were inoculated with ca. 7.0 log CFU/g STEC, Salmonella, or L. monocytogenes and cooked in a sauté pan. Cooking plant- or beef-based burgers to 62.8°C (145°F), 68.3°C (155°F), or ...

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are foodborne pathogens, and beef cattle are recognized as the principal reservoir. The aims of this study were (1) to identify the most sensitive combination of selective enrichment broths and agars for STEC isolation in artificially inoculated ground b …

Serogroups, subtypes and virulence factors of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from human, calves and goats in Kerman, Iran

Date: 11/7/2018 Title: Detection and Quantification of Seven Major Serogroups of Shiga Toxin-Producing *Escherichia coli* on Hides of Cull Dairy, Cull Beef, and Fed Beef Cattle at Slaughter ...

Diversity and relatedness of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni between farms in a dairy catchment - Volume 144 Issue 7

Yin, S.; Jensen, M.A.; Bai, J.; Debroy, C.; Barrangou, R.; Dudley, E.G., 2013: The evolutionary divergence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli is reflected in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) spacer composition

In 1982, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome were linked to infection with Escherichia coli O157:H7, a serotype now classified as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Thereafter, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with non-O157 STEC serogroups were reported, with the frequency of non-O157 STEC illness rivaling that of O157:H7 in certain geographic regions. In the United States, non-O157 E. coli may account for up to 20%-50% of all STEC infections. A high index of suspicion, paired with options to test for non-O157 STEC infection, are necessary for early recognition and appropriate treatment of these infections. Supportive care without the use of antibiotics is currently considered to be optimal treatment for all STEC infections. This commentary provides a perspective on the non-O157 STEC as human pathogens, how and when the clinician should approach the diagnosis of these organisms, and the challenges ahead.. ...

FIG. 3. Western blot of serum samples from a child with enteropathic HUS and the childs family members and controls using Stx2 as the antigen. Lane 1, blot strip of the PVDF membrane stained with Coomassie blue, showing the A subunit, the A1 fragment, and the B subunit. Lanes 2, 3, 8, and 9 represent human control sera. Lane 2, nonreactive; lane 3, reactive against the A and B subunits; lanes 8 and 9, same control serum reactive against the B subunit of Stx2 at the standard dilution of 1:100 (lane 8) and at a dilution of 1:10,000 (lane 9). Lane 4, Western blot of a 4-year-old patient with enteropathic HUS (reactive against the A subunit of Stx2). Western blots of family members of the patient (lanes 5 to 7, 10, and 11). Lane 5, serum from the 2-year-old brother of the HUS patient (reactive against the A and B subunits of Stx2); lane 6, serum from the 5-year-old brother (nonreactive); and lanes 7, 10, and 11, serum from the 7-year-old brother, 11-year-old sister, and the mother of the patient ...

Explore the problems and consequences of antibiotic resistant Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (E. coli). Learn how our rapid and reliable diagnostic tests can help!

The described PCR method proved efficient for detecting hemolysin genes from E. coli: elyA from STEC strains andhlyA from E. coli producing alpha-hemolysin. PCR-RFLP showed that all human STEC isolates harbored elyA. In comparison to the results for the O157:H7 reference strain, PCR-RFLP and subsequent nucleotide sequencing of elyA amplicons revealed only four STEC strains with minor sequence variations. These strains were of rare non-O157 serovars associated withstx1 genes and lacked eaeA. However, among the STEC strains, hlyA was restricted to an O138:K81:H− strain. Alpha-hemolysin of this porcine strain was associated with stx2e and estA genes, as shown by Meyer and Karch (20). In the present study,astA, encoding a second heat-stable enterotoxin, was detected in this strain. The close association of elyA, located on the 94- to 103-kb STEC virulence plasmid (28), and stx genes, harbored by a lysogenic lambdoid phage (25), was remarkable. This situation could also be true forhlyA from porcine ...

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The objectives of this study were (i) to estimate the prevalence of non-O157 STEC and E. coli O157 in naturally infected beef cows and in steer calves at postweaning, during finishing, and at slaughter and (ii) to test non-O157 STEC isolates for the presence of virulence genes stx 1, stx 2, eaeA, and ehlyA. Samples were collected from study animals during multiple sampling periods and included fecal grabs, rectal swabs, and midline sponge samples. Laboratory culture, PCR, and multiplex PCR were performed to recover and identify E. coli and the virulence genes. The prevalence of non-O157 STEC (serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O113, and O145) fecal shedding ranged from 8% (4 of 48 samples) to 39% (15 of 38 samples) in cows and 2% (1 of 47 samples) to 38% (9 of 24 samples) in steer calves. The prevalence of E. coli O157 fecal shedding ranged from 0% (0 of 38 samples) to 52% (25 of 48 samples) in cows and 2% (1 of 47 samples) to 31% (15 of 48 samples) in steer calves. In steer calves, the ...

Citation: Hegde, N.V., Praul, C., Gehring, A.G., Fratamico, P.M., Debroy, C. 2013. Rapid O serogroup identification of the six clinically relevant Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli by antibody microarray. Journal of Microbiological Methods. 93(3):273-276. Interpretive Summary: Food-borne pathogenic bacteria known as Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) cause severe diarrheal illness and can lead to serious kidney disease and even death. Cattle are a reservoir for these pathogens, and food of bovine origin is a common vehicle of human infection. STEC O157:H7 and six addidtional non-O157 STEC serogroups known as O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 (top six serogroups) are classified as adulterants in beef by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service, and thus the availabiltiy of rapid and sensitive methods for detection and identification of these STEC serogroups is critical. A method based on an antibody array was developed for the detection of the top six non-O157 STEC. The ...

Citation: Fratamico, P.M., Bagi, L.K., Cray, P.J., Bhagwat, A.A. 2006. Characterization of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains isolated from swine feces. {Abstract}. International Association of Food Protection. P1-47. Interpretive Summary: Technical Abstract: Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) belonging to different serogroups were isolated from swine feces and were characterized to determine the presence of E. coli virulence genes by the PCR, antibiotic resistance profiles, and acid tolerance. Twenty-nine out of 219 (13%) of the isolates harbored the gene for Stx1, 14 (6%) Stx2, 179 (80%) Stx2e, 46 (21%) STa, 14 (6.4%) STb, 10 (4.6%) F18, 94 (42.9%) EAST1, 192 (87.7%) Cdt-II, 1 (0.46%) Cdt-III, and 25 (11.4%) Hly. None of the strains harbored the genes for LT, BFP, F4, F5, F6, F41, CNF1, CNF2, EaeA, Cdt-I, and Cdt-IV. The strains were also examined for antimicrobial susceptibility profiles using 16 antibiotics. The STEC isolates displayed resistance most often to tetracycline ...

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Description of Research Interests. Molecular detection and characterization of foodborne bacterial pathogens; epidemiological typing, bacterial stress response, microbial physiology and pathogenicity and control of pathogens and their toxins in food.. Selected Recent Publications. Chen, J., Lazar, N. (2012). Selection of working correlation structure in generalized estimating equations via empirical likelihood. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 21, 18-41.. Yoo, B. K., Chen, J. (2009). Influence of culture conditions and medium composition on the production of cellulose by the cells of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75, 4630-4632.. Nagachinta, S., Chen, J. (2009). Integron-mediated antibiotic resistance in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Journal of Food Protection, 72, 21-27.. ...

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PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA is a global healthcare leader working to help the world be well. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. The Merck Manual was first published in 1899 as a service to the community. The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Manual outside of North America. Learn more about our commitment to Global Medical Knowledge.. ...

Design, Setting, and Patients In a retrospective investigation, 45 samples were selected from fecal specimens obtained from patients with diarrhea during the 2011 outbreak of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) O104:H4 in Germany. Samples were subjected to high-throughput sequencing (August-September 2012), followed by a 3-phase analysis (November 2012-February 2013). In phase 1, a de novo assembly approach was developed to obtain a draft genome of the outbreak strain. In phase 2, the depth of coverage of the outbreak strain genome was determined in each sample. In phase 3, sequences from each sample were compared with sequences from known bacteria to identify pathogens other than the outbreak strain ...

Genomic screen identifies a role for the plasmid-borne type II Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) is often transmitted to the food through fresh products plant, where it can cause disease. To identify factors for STEC early interaction in spinach, positive system used high-throughput selection. An …. ...

Genomic screen identifies a role for the plasmid-borne type II Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) is often transmitted to the food through fresh products plant, where it can cause disease. To identify factors for STEC early interaction in spinach, positive system used high-throughput selection. An …. ...

This document assesses the risk to human health posed by a multi-country foodborne outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections associated with haemolytic uraemic syndrome taking place in the European Union (EU). ...

This document assesses the risk to human health posed by a multi-country foodborne outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections associated with haemolytic uraemic syndrome taking place in the European Union (EU). ...

Healthy lambs are one of the major reservoirs of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and it is known as the cause of foodborne diseases (FBD). The work objective is to characterize (STEC) isolates obtained from rectal swabs of healthy lambs herds, a total of 183 samples were obtained from sheep production units of the State of Mexico. E. coli isolates were confirmed through the amplification of the uid A gene. antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was determined through Kirby-Bauer (CLSI, 2012) test and the presence stx1, stx2 and eae genes from isolates by multiplex PCR. Serotyping was performed using specific anti-O and anti-H sera (SERUNAM, Mexico) for 185 Somatic and 56 flagellar antigens. 126 isolates biochemically and molecularly identified as E. coli were obtained, of which 80 did not express any virulence factor and 46 expressed at least some (STEC) virulence factor. The highest percentage of E. coli resistance was for tetracycline 48.7% (39/80), followed by nalidixic acid 13.7% ...

We compared 61 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups from 448 food isolates with 71 STEC serogroups from 1,447 isolates from patients in Germany. Two thirds (41/61), representing 72% of food isolates, were also found in patients. Serogroups typically isolated from patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome were rarely found in food ...

Dr Lorinda Frylinck, Senior Navorser, LNR-Diere Produksie, Irene.. Introduction. The production of safe and wholesome beef and beef-derived food products is the highest priority for the beef industry in South Africa. There are potential risks associated with the possible presence of harmful pathogens in the food production chain; however, clear guidelines and regulations have been implemented to reduce these risks to a minimum and ensure a safe product for consumers. Nevertheless it remains important to continually assess these risks and to ensure effective implementation of control measures.. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are bacteria associated with food and waterborne diseases and have been recognized as causing public health problems worldwide. The WHO Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (FERG) reported that Foodborne STEC caused more than 1 million illnesses and 128 deaths in 2010 (8). Of the over 470 different serotypes of STEC detected in humans, the ...

An evaluation of molecular typing methods that can be applied to the food-borne pathogens Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes is presented. This evaluation is divided in two parts. Firstly, commonly used molecular typing methods are assessed against a set of predefined criteria relating to discriminatory capacity, reproducibility, repeatability and current or potential suitability for international harmonisation. Secondly, the methods are evaluated for their appropriateness for use in different public health-related applications. These applications include outbreak detection and investigation, attribution modelling, the potential for early identification of food-borne strains with epidemic potential and the integration of the resulting data in risk assessment. The results of these evaluations provide updated insights into the use and potential for use of molecular characterisation methods, including whole genome sequencing technologies, in ...

Vanneste, Kevin; Nancy Roosens; Sigrid De Keersmaecker Source: Foods, Volume 9, Issue 8 (2020) Keywords: Food Safety foodborne outbreak investigation Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli STEC Surveillance .... ...

The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of cattle in human disease due to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and to discuss ...

We developed and tested a single multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that detects enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive, and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. This PCR is specific, sensitive, and rapid in detecting target isolates in stool and food. Because of its simplicity, economy, and efficiency, this protocol warrants further evaluation in large, prospective studies of polymicrobial substances ...

HealthDay)-In 2019, the incidence of enteric infections caused by eight pathogens increased or remained stable, according to a study published May 1 in the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.. Danielle M. Tack, D.V.M., from the CDC in Atlanta, and colleagues summarized preliminary data from 2019 and described changes in incidence of laboratory-confirmed infections caused by eight pathogens transmitted commonly through food with incidence during 2016 to 2018.. The researchers identified 25,866 cases of infection, 6,164 hospitalizations, and 122 deaths during 2019. The incidence of enteric infections caused by these eight pathogens continued to increase (Cyclospora, Yersinia, Vibrio, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter) or remained unchanged (Listeria, Salmonella, and Shigella) in 2019. The largest proportion of illnesses was caused by Campylobacter and Salmonella; there was variation in the trends in incidence by ...

A Rapid Immunoassay for Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Directly from Human Fecal Samples and Its Performance in Detection of Toxin Subtypes ...

On April 20, 2010, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) was notified by correctional authorities regarding three inmates with bloody diarrhea at a minimum-security correctional facility. The facility, which houses approximately 500 inmates, is a designated work center where inmates are employed or receive vocational training. Approximately 70 inmates work at an onsite dairy, which provides milk to all state-run correctional facilities in Colorado. CDPHE immediately began an investigation and was later assisted by the High Plains Intermountain Center for Agricultural Health and Safety at Colorado State University and by CDC. This report describes the results of the investigation, which determined that the illnesses were caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O111 (STEC O111) infections. During April-July, 10 inmates at the facility received a diagnosis of laboratory-confirmed STEC O111 infection, and a retrospective prevalence study of 100 inmates found that, ...

Signs & Symptoms: Multistate Outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 Infections Linked to Alfalfa Sprouts Produced by Jack & The Green Sprouts

Acta Sci. Pol. Zootechnica 14(1) 2015, ISSN ISSN (online) EFFECTIVE BACTERIOLYSIS OF SHIGA TOXIN-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI O157: H7 CAUSED BY SPECIFIC BACTERIOPHAGE

Disease burden in The Netherlands due to infections with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 - Volume 132 Issue 3 - A. H. HAVELAAR, Y. T. H. P. VAN DUYNHOVEN, M. J. NAUTA, M. BOUWKNEGT, A. E. HEUVELINK, G. A. DE WIT, M. G. M. NIEUWENHUIZEN, N. C. A. J. van de KAR

TY - JOUR. T1 - Does sequence type 33 of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O91 cause only mild symptoms?. AU - Maeda, Eriko. AU - Murakami, Koichi. AU - Etoh, Yoshiki. AU - Onozuka, Daisuke. AU - Sera, Nobuyuki. AU - Asoshima, Nanami. AU - Honda, Mikiko. AU - Narimatsu, Hiroshi. AU - Iyoda, Sunao. AU - Watahiki, Masanori. AU - Fujimoto, Shuji. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2015/1/1. Y1 - 2015/1/1. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84919476405&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84919476405&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1128/JCM.02335-14. DO - 10.1128/JCM.02335-14. M3 - Letter. C2 - 25392363. AN - SCOPUS:84919476405. VL - 53. SP - 362. EP - 364. JO - Journal of Clinical Microbiology. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology. SN - 0095-1137. IS - 1. ER - ...

Few US clinical laboratories screen stool specimens for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) other than E. coli O157. An outbreak of STEC O111:H8 infections indistinguishable from E. coli O157:H7 at a youth camp highlights the need to improve non-O157 STEC surveillance. Interviews of 521 (80%) of 650 attendees revealed 55 (11%) were ill; 2 developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Illness was associated with consuming salad during the camps first lunch meal (hazard ratio [HR], 4.68; P , .01), consuming ice provided in barrels on the camps final day (HR, 3.41; P , .01), eating cob corn (HR, 3.22; P , .01), and eating a dinner roll (HR, 2.82; P , .01). Cultures of 2 of 11 stools yielded E. coli O111:H8. Results of serologic testing and additional stool cultures demonstrated no evidence of infection with other bacterial pathogens, including E. coli O157, and supported infection with E. coli O111. Clinical laboratories should routinely screen suspect specimens for non-O157 STEC and should ...

Between July 1999 and December 2000, the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) was established in 200 Argentine healthy young beef steers (14-16 months old) grown under local production systems with a feed grain period of 3-4 months, and the STEC strains isolated were examined in regard to their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics.Stool samples (n=70) and rectal swabs (n=130) were taken at the slaughterhouse level.By polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Shiga toxin (stx) gene sequences were detected in 69% of the samples. Eighty-six STEC strains were isolated from 39% of the animals. Serogroups identified, in order of frequency, were: O8 (16 strains), O113 (14), O103 (5), O91 (4), O171 (3), O174 (3), O25 (2), O112 (2), O145 (2), O2, O11, O104, O121, O128, O143, O146, O157. the most frequent serotype isolated was O8:H19 (12.9%). A total of 17 serotypes, including E. coli O157:H7 found in one animal (0.5%), have been previously associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The role of periplasmic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and thiol peroxidase) of the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the formation of biofilms. AU - Kim, Young Hoon. AU - Lee, Yunho. AU - Kim, Saehun. AU - Yeom, Jinki. AU - Yeom, Sujin. AU - Kim, Beom Seok. AU - Oh, Sangnam. AU - Park, Sungsu. AU - Jeon, Che Ok. AU - Park, Woojun. PY - 2006/12. Y1 - 2006/12. N2 - This study examined the role of the periplasmic oridative defense proteins, copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SodC), and thiol peroxidase (Tpx), from the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC) in the formation of biofilms. Proteomic analyses have shown significantly higher expression levels of both periplasmic antioxidant systems (SodC and Tpx) in STEC cells grown under biofilm conditions than under planktonic conditions. An analysis of their growth phase-dependent gene expression indicated that a high level of the sodC expression occurred during the stationary phase and that ...

A case was defined as isolation of E. coli non-O157 with the outbreak PFGE pattern or closely related by whole genome sequencing (WGS) in a Canadian resident or visitor with onset of symptoms of gastroenteritis on or after November 1, 2016. Patients illness onset dates ranged from November 2016 to April 2017 (Figure). As of May 23, 2017, a total of 29 cases were identified in six provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario, Quebec, and Saskatchewan). One additional case was identified in a U.S. resident who traveled to Canada during the exposure period. Patients ages ranged from 2-79 years (median = 23.5 years) and 50% were female. Eight patients were hospitalized, and one developed hemolytic uremic syndrome. Clinical isolates were typed as E. coli O121:H19 (one case was typed as E. coli O121:H undetermined) with Shiga toxin 2-producing genes by in silico toxin testing and had closely related PFGE patterns and WGS ...

Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 is an important foodborne pathogen that can be transmitted to humans both directly and indirectly from the feces of beef cattle, its primary reservoir. Numerous studies have investigated the shedding dynamics of E. coli O157 by beef cattle, however the spatiotemporal trends of shedding are still not well understood. Molecular tools can increase the resolution through the use of strain typing to explore transmission dynamics within and between herds and identify strain-specific characteristics that may influence pathogenicity and spread. Previously, the shedding dynamics and molecular diversity, through the use of multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) of STEC O157, were separately investigated in an Australian beef herd over a 9-month study period. Variation in shedding was observed over time and 33 MLVA types were identified. The study presented here combines the two datasets previously published with an aim to clarify the

Shiga toxin-producing (Stx) Escherichia coli (STEC) O113:H21 strains are associated with human diarrhea and some of these strains may cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The molecular mechanism underlying this capacity and the differential host cell response to HUS-causing strains are not yet completely understood. In Brazil O113:H21 strains are commonly found in cattle but, so far, were not isolated from HUS patients. Here we conducted comparative gene co-expression network (GCN) analyses of two O113:H21 STEC strains: EH41, reference strain, isolated from HUS patient in Australia, and Ec472/01, isolated from cattle feces in Brazil. These strains were cultured in fresh or in Caco-2 cell conditioned media. GCN analyses were also accomplished for cultured Caco-2 cells exposed to EH41 or Ec472/01. Differential transcriptome profiles for EH41 and Ec472/01 were not significantly changed by exposure to fresh or Caco-2 conditioned media. Conversely, global gene expression comparison of both strains cultured

An epidemiological study was carried out to determine the incidence and the serotypes of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli VTEC that cause infections in Galicia north-western Spain. Although, VTEC strains were isolated from 55 14% of the 387 calves sampled and the majority of bovine VTEC strains belonged to serotypes O26 : H11 or H-O91 : H21, O103...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Predicting hemolytic uremic syndrome and renal replacement therapy in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli-infected children. AU - Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee and Pediatric Emergency Research Canada. AU - McKee, Ryan S.. AU - Schnadower, David. AU - Tarr, Phillip I.. AU - Xie, Jianling. AU - Finkelstein, Yaron. AU - Desai, Neil. AU - Lane, Roni D.. AU - Bergmann, Kelly R.. AU - Kaplan, Ron L.. AU - Hariharan, Selena. AU - Cruz, Andrea T.. AU - Cohen, Daniel M.. AU - Dixon, Andrew. AU - Ramgopal, Sriram. AU - Rominger, Annie. AU - Powell, Elizabeth C.. AU - Kilgar, Jennifer. AU - Michelson, Kenneth A.. AU - Beer, Darcy. AU - Bitzan, Martin. AU - Pruitt, Christopher M.. AU - Yen, Kenneth. AU - Meckler, Garth D.. AU - Plint, Amy C.. AU - Bradin, Stuart. AU - Abramo, Thomas J.. AU - Gouin, Serge. AU - Kam, April J.. AU - Schuh, Abigail. AU - Balamuth, Fran. AU - Hunley, Tracy E.. AU - Kanegaye, John T.. AU - Jones, Nicholas E.. AU - Avva, ...

DETECTION METHODS AND INTESTINAL ADHERENCE OF NON-O157 SHIGA TOXIN-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI Zachary R. Stromberg, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2015 Advisor: Rodney A. Moxley Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are enteric pathogens of humans. Cattle serve as a reservoir and harbor STEC in their intestines. Intimin-positive STEC are referred to as enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC). Seven serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157) account for the majority of illness due to STEC and are hereafter referred to as STEC/EHEC-7. To improve detection, enrichment broths were compared for supporting growth of STEC-7 and STEC O104:H4 (STEC-8). In pure culture, STEC enriched in trypticase soy broth (TSB) had significantly greater growth compared to TSB containing antimicrobials. In fecal samples, E. coli broth enrichment yielded growth of STEC-8 that was significantly greater than in TSB. Optimized culture conditions allow for greater detection of EHEC-7 in cattle. To determine the prevalence

Many pathogens produce the β-(1-6)-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) surface polysaccharide that is being developed as a broadly protective antimicrobial vaccine. However, it is unknown whether systemically injected PNAG vaccines or antibodies would provide protective immunity against pathogens confined to the gastrointestinal tract such as Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), an important group of gastrointestinal (GI) pathogens for which effective immunotherapeutics are lacking. To ascertain whether systemic IgG antibody to PNAG impacts this infectious situation, a vaccine consisting of a synthetic nonamer of nonacetylated PNAG, 9GlcNH2, conjugated to the Shiga toxin 1b subunit (9GlcNH2-Stx1b) was produced. Rabbit antibodies raised to the conjugate vaccine were tested for bacterial killing and toxin neutralization in vitro and protection against infection in infant mice. Cell surface PNAG was detected on all 9 STEC isolates tested, representing 6 STEC serogroups, ...

The performance of CHROMagar STEC and CHROMagar STEC O104 (CHROMagar Microbiology, Paris, France) media for the detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia

We examined STEC outbreaks linked to leafy greens during 2009-2018 in the United States and Canada. We identified 40 outbreaks, 1,212 illnesses, 77 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome, and 8 deaths. More outbreaks were linked to romaine lettuce (54%) than to any other type of leafy green. More outbreaks occurred in the fall (45%) and spring (28%) than in other seasons. Barriers in epidemiologic and...

Adherence to epithelial cells by specific adhesins is a characteristic of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains. The eae-encoded protein intimin is the main adhesin implicated in intestinal colonization in vivo. We recently showed that STEC strains isolated in Chile displayed a wide variety of adhesins; here we demonstrate that some of these STEC strains are eae-negative and still adhere to epithelial cells at a level 100-fold higher than enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157 : H7 prototype strain EDL933. This phenotype is associated with the presence of adherence factors different from the intimin protein. Subtractive hybridization between EHEC EDL933 and STEC eae-negative strain 472-1 was used to identify regions implicated in adhesion. In addition to the saa gene, we identified 18 specific genes in STEC 472-1, 16 of which had nucleotide identity to Salmonella ST46 phage genes; the two remaining ones shared identity to a gene encoding a hypothetical protein of uropathogenic E. coli.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are the only pathogenic group of E. coli that has a definite zoonotic origin, with ruminants and, in particular, cattle being recognized as the major reservoir. Most human STEC infections are food borne, but the routes of transmission include direct contact with animals and a variety of environment-related exposures. Therefore, STEC public health microbiology spans the fields of medical, veterinary, food, water, and environmental microbiology, requiring a

CDC, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service, and public health officials in several states are investigating an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157:H7) infections.. Public health investigators are using the PulseNet system to identify illnesses that may be part of this outbreak. PulseNet, the national subtyping network of public health and food regulatory agency laboratories, is coordinated by CDC. DNA fingerprinting is performed on E. coli bacteria isolated from ill people by using a technique called pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, or PFGE. PulseNet manages a national database of these DNA fingerprints to identify possible outbreaks.. One DNA fingerprint (outbreak strain) is included in this investigation. A total of 19 people infected with the outbreak strain of Shiga toxin-producing STEC O157:H7 have been reported from 7 states. The majority of illnesses have been reported from states ...

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is an important subset of Shiga toxin-producing (Stx-producing) E. coli (STEC), pathogens that have been implicated in outbreaks of food-borne illness and can cause intestinal and systemic disease, including severe renal damage. Upon attachment to intestinal epithelium, EHEC generates attaching and effacing (AE) lesions characterized by intimate attachment and actin rearrangement upon host cell binding. Stx produced in the gut transverses the intestinal epithelium, causing vascular damage that leads to systemic disease. Models of EHEC infection in conventional mice do not manifest key features of disease, such as AE lesions, intestinal damage, and systemic illness. In order to develop an infection model that better reflects the pathogenesis of this subset of STEC, we constructed an Stx-producing strain of Citrobacter rodentium, a murine AE pathogen that otherwise lacks Stx. Mice infected with Stx-producing C. rodentium developed AE lesions on the intestinal epithelium

Full Text (subscription or payment may be required). Pharmaceutical Ads Often Dont Adhere to U.S. FDA Guidelines. THURSDAY, Aug. 25 (HealthDay News) -- Physician-targeting pharmaceutical advertisements have low rates of adherence to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines and provide inadequate information for safe prescribing, according to a study published online Aug. 17 in PLoS One.. Full Text (subscription or payment may be required). CDC: Reporting Delays Occurred in German E. coli Outbreak. THURSDAY, Aug. 25 (HealthDay News) -- During the outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and bloody diarrhea related to shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 (STEC) in Germany during May and June 2011, there was a median delay of 20 days between symptom onset and reporting the cases, according to a study published in the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Preventions October Emerging Infectious Diseases.. Full Text. Stereotactic Radiotherapy Treats Colorectal Liver Mets ...

A total of 27 persons infected with the outbreak strain of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O121 (STEC O121) have been reported from 15 states. 81%

On 9 September 2011, the Estrel Convention Center in Berlin was the venue for a first clinical symposium on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli / haemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC/HUS) reflecting on the large STEC outbreak in Germany earlier this year. The German Society of Nephrology (DGfN) invited internationally renowned clinical experts and microbiologists to discuss the basic science and diagnostics of STEC infections and the different options for treating an EHEC-associated HUS, including plasmapheresis, antibody therapy with Eculizumab, and extracorporeal immune adsorption.

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a serious complication which is predominantly associated in children with infection by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). By using HuMAb-Mouse (Medarex) animals, human monoclonal antibodies (Hu-MAbs) were developed against Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) for passive immunotherapy of HUS. Ten stable hybridomas comprised of fully human heavy- and light-chain immunoglobulin elements and secreting Stx1-specific Hu-MAbs (seven immunoglobulin M(kappa)() [IgM(kappa)] elements [one specific for the A subunit and six specific for the B subunit] and three IgG1(kappa) elements specific for subunit B) were isolated. Two IgM(kappa) Hu-MAbs (2D9 and 15G9) and three IgG1(kappa) Hu-MAbs (5A4, 10F4, and 15G2), all specific for subunit B, demonstrated marked neutralization of Stx1 in vitro and significant prolongation of survival in a murine model of Stx1 toxicosis.. ...

Shiga toxins belong to a family of structurally and functionally related toxins serving as the main virulence factors for pathogenicity of the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) associating

All humans and animals carry the bacteria called Escherichia coli (E.coli) in their intestines - they are part of our normal flora and usually harmless. However, there are certain types of E. coli strains that are a risk to human health including those that are capable of producing toxins. These strains are called STEC/VTEC (shiga toxin or verotoxin-producing E. coli) or EHEC (enterohaemorrhagic E. coli), and their toxins have the potential to cause bloody diarrhoea and Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), a serious complication that can be fatal. In the EU and as reflected in EFSAs work on zoonoses, Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli is referred to as VTEC (verotoxin-producing E. coli) but the term STEC was used for this outbreak as it is in line with terminology used by WHO and other organisations.. Transmission of STEC infection mainly occurs through eating or handling contaminated food and contact with infected animals. Food can also be contaminated from infected humans handling it. ...

Food items that were distributed in Indiana are being voluntarily recalled by Rich Products Corporation, following a multi-state outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli 0121(E. coli). Two c

Background Investigations of food-borne outbreaks are frequently unsuccessful and new investigation methods should be welcomed. Aim: Describe the use of consumer purchase datasets in outbreak investigations and consider methodological and practical difficulties. Methods: We reviewed published papers describing the use of consumer purchase datasets, where electronic data on the foods that case-patients had purchased before onset of symptoms were obtained and analysed as part of outbreak investigations. Results: For the period 2006-17, scientific articles were found describing 20 outbreak investigations. Most outbreaks involved salmonella or Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and were performed in eight different countries. The consumer purchase datasets were most frequently used to generate hypotheses about the outbreak vehicle where case-interviews had not been fruitful. Secondly, they were used to aid trace-back investigation, where a vehicle was already suspected. A number of methodological as

The U.S. Food & Drug Administration has become aware that recalled I.M Healthy Soy Nut Butter products are being offered for sale through online vendors and in storefront locations. All flavors of I.M. Healthy Soy Nut Butter spreads and granolas were recalled in March 2017 after the product was found to be the source of a multistate Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) outbreak that sickened 32 people in 12 states.. Retailers cannot legally offer for sale and consumers should not purchase any flavors of I.M. Healthy Soy Nut Butter products, including spreads and granolas.. The FDA learned that some distributors are still selling the products in their possession and these products are being sold through online retailers and in storefront locations. As it learns of these products being offered for sale, the FDA notifies the retailer that these products cannot legally be sold. The agency is working swiftly to locate any remaining products to ensure they are no longer available to ...

Yesterday Safe Tables Our Priority (STOP) published a Press Release urging FSIS to declare disease-causing E. colis other than O157:H7 as adulterant