The Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) are a group of chemicals found in a variety of plant species throughout the world. These toxic alkaloids are distributed mainly in Senecio (Compositae), Crotalaria (Legominosae) and Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) species. Plants containing these alkaloids cause significant mammalian morbidity and mortality, especially in humans. Upon ingestion, metabolic activation in liver converts the potent compounds into highly reactive electrophiles capable of reacting with cellular macromolecules forming adducts, which can initiate acute or chronic toxicity. One of these plants is Senecio vulgaris which is abundant in wheat farms of Mazandaran province. When wheat (Triticum spp) is being harvested, seeds and aerial parts of Senecio would also be collected with it. Since the presence of PAs in Senecio vulgaris is proven in a previous research, hence in this study, quality and quantity of PAs of wheat and flour contaminated with Senecio in Mazandaran province farms have been studied

OBJECTIVE To study alkaloids of Senecio scandens growing in Guangdong. METHODS The rapid resolution liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RRLC-ESI-MS/MS) was used to analyse alkaloids of Senecio scandens growing in Guangdong, and senkirkine was isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography. RESULTS Four alkaloids were identified as senkirkine, dehydrosenkirkine, monocrotaline and adonifoline, and senkirkine was firstly isolated from Senecio scandens growing in Guangdong. CONCLUSION Senkirkine is the main component of Senecio scandens growing in Guangdong.

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It is a vigorous, semi-evergreen, woody climber with long ascending (scandent) stems which if given the suitable support of a mature tree or tall wall is capable to reaching between 4.5-6 meters in height.. The leaves are narrowly triangular or ovate, coarsely toothed and sometimes lobed at the base. The small, bright yellow, almost daisy-like flower-heads are produced in large panicles (multi-branched cluster of flower) over the autumn - usually during October and November. The flowers have both male and female organs (hermaphrodite) and are insect pollinated.. Senecio scandens will tolerate most ordinary garden soils so long as they are moist and well-drained. It will do best when planted in a sunny, sheltered position although in cooler European climates it will be cut back down to the ground due by freezing temperatures. Be that as it may, it will usually grow back in the spring with renewed vigor. Senecio scandens will not perform well in the shade.. Given mild seasonal conditions, Senecio ...

Find beautiful wholesale plants like Senecio - Serpents - Blue Chalk Fingers - Senecio vitalis from our collection. Contact Pleasant View Gardens today: 603-435-8361

The Salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity test was used to evaluate Senecio jacobaea (SJ) plant, Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) and metabolites in goat milk, to evaluate response differences with microsomes from several animal species and to compare SJ plant responses to other plants. Bioassessment experiments were conducted to evaluate PA toxicity changes associated with copper (Cu) and molybdenum (Mo) ingestion in sheep and esterase inhibition, microsomal enzyme induction and cysteine supplement in rats. Acetone extracts of SJ caused negative or toxic mutagenic responses in the absence of liver microsomes and positive responses after microsomal activation. Senecio PA and monocrotaline gave only negative responses. Milk from SJ-fed goats produced positive mutagenic responses after microsomal activation. Only slight species microsomal differences were observed. Acetone extracts from alfalfa, lettuce and thread-leaf groundsel gave only negative mutagenic responses. Comfrey extracts produced ...

APG IV Classification: Domain: Eukaryota • (unranked): Archaeplastida • Regnum: Plantae • Cladus: angiosperms • Cladus: eudicots • Cladus: core eudicots • Cladus: superasterids • Cladus: asterids • Cladus: euasterids II • Ordo: Asterales • Familia: Asteraceae • Tribus: Senecioneae • Genus: Senecio • Species: Senecio sylvaticus L. (1753) ...

APG IV Classification: Domain: Eukaryota • (unranked): Archaeplastida • Regnum: Plantae • Cladus: angiosperms • Cladus: eudicots • Cladus: core eudicots • Cladus: superasterids • Cladus: asterids • Cladus: euasterids II • Ordo: Asterales • Familia: Asteraceae • Subfamilia: Asteroideae • Genus: Senecio • Species: Senecio glastifolius L.f. 1782 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The long and the short of it: long-styled florets are associated with higher outcrossing rate in Senecio vulgaris and result from delayed selfpollen germination. AU - Irwin, Judith. AU - Ashton, Paul. AU - Bretagnolle, Francois. AU - Abbott, Richard. PY - 2016/5/25. Y1 - 2016/5/25. N2 - Background: It has been reported that some plants of the self-compatible species Senecio vulgaris produce capitula containing long-styled florets which fail to set seed when left to self-pollinate, although readily set seed when self-pollinated by hand. Aims: To determine if production of long-styled florets is associated with higher outcrossing rate in S. vulgaris, and whether long-styles occur in non-pollinated florets, whereas short-styles are present in self-pollinated florets. Methods: The frequency of long-styled florets was compared in the radiate and non-radiate variants of S. vulgaris, known to exhibit higher and lower outcrossing rates, respectively. In addition, style length was ...

Seed Count: 50. Senecio White Lights: Fabulous low mound of matt, silver-white small lance shaped leaves, with an added bonus of small, creamy-white cushion flowers during summer autumn. The small cushion like blooms are held on short stems just above the attractive silver foliage. A compact, dense shrub like perennial that is an excellent contrast foliage plant for the front of the border with the bonus of no yellow flowers. Great plant for the dryer garden. Useful for seaside and coastal plantings. Frost hardy and low water need. A lovely low maintenance perennial that enjoys full sun and well drained soil. 45cm H x 60cm W.. .Sowing Advice. For best results so Senecio seed immediately into a good quality seed raising mix. Cover the seed with mix or vermiculite to approximately their own depth. Natural germination will occur if kept in an unheated poly house or covered seed raising tray. Many seeds wait for Spring before emerging regardless of when they are sown so please give them a full ...

español: senecio común, amargaza amarilla, azuzón, buen varón, cachapete, cachapetes, cachapetina, cardo santo, cineraria, flor de onse mesos, hierba blanca, hierbacana, hierba cana, hierba conejera, hierba de las quemaduras, hierba del gusano, hierba de los canarios, hirba cana, hoja del gusano, lechocino, morga, pamplina, pamplinas, pan de pájaro, panoyo, piapájaros, senecio, susón real, suzón, toribo, yerba cana, yuyito, ...

I am working on a NERC funded project in Prof. Simon Hiscocks lab, in collaboration with Dr Dmitry Filatov at the University of Oxford and Prof Richard Abbott at the University of St Andrews.. The Senecio system is rapidly becoming recognized as one of the most tractable plant models in which to study the process of speciation at a genetic, genomic, and ecological level. The fact that speciation events in the genus have occurred relatively recently and that the homoploid (diploid) hybrid species Senecio squalidus (Oxford ragwort) became invasive in the UK after its origin make Senecio a unique alternative to more conventional plant models, such as Arabidopsis, for studies of plant evolution in action. Previous work in this laboratory, carried out by Dr Matthew Hegarty, found evidence of rapid extreme changes to gene expression associated with homoploid and allopolyploid speciation in Senecio. More recently, he identified candidate genes potentially involved in physiological adaptation of S. ...

The Plants Database includes the following 2 subspecies of Senecio serra . Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles ...

The Plants Database includes the following 5 subspecies of Senecio integerrimus . Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles ...

Pictures of asteraceae wildflowers of West USA. Red phyllaries and nodding flower heads of senecio amplectens var holmii (showy alpine ragwort), along the Ice Lake Trail, San Juan Mountains, Colorado. High resolution version

As a plant that is reported to be both poisonous for human ingestion and also medicinal; much of the contradiction can be found by closely reviewing the words that are used and the dose (amount) of the poisonous substance that is ingested to prove either claim. All species of the genus Senecio contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (e.g., senecionine) a substance that when a human has chronic exposure[45] can cause irreversible liver damage.[11][46] Common groundsel as a medicinal herb does not seem to be recommended very often since 1931, when it was recommended as a diaphoretic, an antiscorbutic, a purgative, a diuretic and an anthelmintic, which was a demotion as it was previously suggested for the expelling of gravel of the kidneys and reins by Pedanius Dioscorides in the 70s-90s, for use as poultices by John Gerard in the late 16th century and as a cure for epilepsy by Nicholas Culpeper in the 17th century.[11] More current information is contradictory about the dangers of the ingestion of ...

Pictures of asteraceae wildflowers of West USA. Black-tipped phyllaries of senecio atratus, Red Mountain Pass, San Juan Mountains, Colorado. High resolution version

Senecio o herba cana és un gran gènere de plantes dins la família Asteraceae. Consta dunes 1.500 espècies de distribució cosmopolita. Els capítols florals normalment estan ratllats i són completament grocs. Entre les espècies del gènere nhi ha de formes molt variades incloent-hi plantes suculentes ja sia de fulla, de tija o suculentes tuberoses, plantes anuals, perennes, aquàtiques, enfiladisses, arbusts i arbres petits. Algunes espècies produeixen biocides naturals, especialment alcaloides que detenen o maten els animals que se les volen menjar. ...

Two new flavonoid alkaloids, 8-(2-pyrrolidinone-5-yl)-quercetin (1) and 8-(2-pyrrolidinone-5-yl)-isorhamnetin (2), were isolated from the herb of Senecio argunensis. Their structures were.... ...

We investigated the functional significance of plant performance (dry mass, photosynthesis) in plant defence (resistance and tolerance) against pathogen infection, and potential negative cross-resistance between herbicide resistance and plant defence against disease. We compared isonuclear triazine-herbicide-resistant (TR) and -susceptible (TS) biotypes of Senecio vulgaris, in the presence and absence of infection by the rust Puccinia lagenophorae. In a growth chamber study with two reduced irradiance levels, rust infection had a severe effect on plant performance with infected plants having 55% less dry mass and 54% reduced whole-plant photosynthesis than non-infected plants. The TR biotype was more susceptible (reduced resistance) to the pathogen, but the biotypes did not differ in their ability to compensate for rust infection (tolerance). TR plants were less productive than TS plants when grown non-shaded (ca. 10% full sunlight) but not when shaded (ca. 5% full sunlight). This is especially ...

22. Senecio atrofuscus Grierson, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh. 22: 433. 1958. 黑褐千里光 hei he qian li guang Herbs, slender, rhizomatous. Stem solitary, erect, 35-65 cm tall, simple, glabrous. Basal and lower stem leaves mostly present at anthesis; petiole to 15 cm, slender, basally expanded; blade ovate or ovate-oblong, 1-4 × 1-1.5 cm, membranous, minutely glandular ciliate on margin, otherwise glabrous, pinnately veined, base cordate to truncate or cuneate, margin remotely apiculate-denticulate, apex obtuse to acute. Median stem leaves sessile; blade oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 3-6(-8) × 0.5-1.5 cm, base cuneate, apex acute. Upper leaves linear, basally subamplexicaul, margin mucronulate-dentate or subentire, apically acuminate or acute. Capitula 1-3, terminal, lax, nodding, 2-2.5 cm in diam.; peduncles 1.5-3.5 cm, sparsely arachnoid to subglabrous; bracteoles 1 or 2, linear. Involucres broadly campanulate, 6-8 × 6-10 mm, calyculate; bracts of calyculus 9-12, linear or ...

If you dont carry a ruler you can use a quarter which is an inch in diameter. Although flowers may be easy to measure, the size often varies. Botanical descriptions often do not include the flower size so some of our size information may be wrong. When a plant has clusters of small flowers you should measure the size of a flower even though it may be very small. Many plants have flowers that are not obvious and in that case we put them in the Very Small category ...

Description and images of Senecio (), a native Chilean plant, provided by the supplier of native exotic Chilean seeds and organizer of plant watching tours, Chileflora.com

Description and images of Senecio sp. (), a native Chilean plant, provided by the supplier of native exotic Chilean seeds and organizer of plant watching tours, Chileflora.com

Selenate and selenite are the most prevalent bioavailable selenium (Se) forms and most easily taken up by plants. Some studies indicate that they are differently absorbed and accumulated in plants and that selenium is toxic if accumulated at high concentrations. Toxicity is due to substitution of sulphur by selenium in cysteine and methionine aminoacids with alteration of the tertiary structure and catalytic activity of proteins and with inhibition of enzymes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Moreover, the interaction between Se and thiol groups induces loss of efficiency of plant defence systems and increases the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production thus enhancing the oxidative stress. To further elucidate the role of Se in higher plants, in this study the antioxidative response to the phytotoxicity of selenite and selenate in Senecio scandens L. was evaluated. The data indicate that while selenite induces oxidative stress enhancing ROS production, lipid peroxidation and the oxidised ...

The appearance and increase of a population of Sidalcea hirtipes (hairy-stemmed checker-mallow) in an abandoned pasture on the Oregon coast prompted research into how and why a rare plant suddenly appeared and increased its population in a once inhospitable environment. (See the NPSO Bulletin, September, 1995, for the first article on this research).. The successful biological control of Senecio jacobaea (tansy ragwort) in 1983 at a coastal pasture site in Oregon used three biological control agents: ragwort flea beetle (Longitarsus jacobaeae), cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae) and ragwort seedfly (Botanophila seneciella). Following a drastic decline in tansy ragwort at this pasture site, Sidalcea hirtipes appeared in one area of the pasture. Since the appearance of S. hirtipes in the pasture in 1985, the plant population has expanded from three distinct patches to seven distinct patches. The objectives of the 1996 research included mapping new and old patches of S. hirtipes at the site; ...

Fruits of this common paludal type have been found amongst others in Interglacial deposits at West Wittering, Sussex. It is found in the North Temperate Zone to-day in Europe and Siberia. It grows in ...

Biological invasion is regarded as one of the greatest environmental problems facilitated by globalization. Some hypotheses about the invasive mechanisms of alien invasive plants consider the plant-herbivore interaction and the role of plant defense in this interaction. For example, the

Senecio הוא סוג של משפחת דייזי (Asteraceae) הכולל ragworts ו coversels. שם הסוג הלטיני המדעי, סנציו, פירושו איש זקן. הסנסקיו הסנסקיו הוא אחד הגנרלים הגדולים ביותר של צמחים פורחים. הסמיכות המסורתית של Senecio היא מלאכותית, להיות polyphyletic, אפילו ב החדש שלה circumscription אשר מבוסס על נתונים גנטיים.. ...

El Archivo Digital UPM alberga en formato digital la documentacion academica y cientifica (tesis, pfc, articulos, etc..) generada en la Universidad Politecnica de Madrid.Los documentos del Archivo Digital UPM son recuperables desde buscadores: Google, Google Academics, Yahoo, Scirus, etc y desde recolectores OAI: E-ciencia, DRRD, Recolecta (REBIUN-FECYT), Driver, Oaister, etc.

Duration: Annual Nativity: Non-Native Lifeform: Forb/Herb General: Annuals herbs, 10-60 cm tall, from a taproot; stems often solitary; herbage glabrous or sparsely and unevenly tomentose when young. Leaves: Alternate and evenly distributed along the stem; lower leaves petiolate and upper leaves sessile; blades ovate to oblanceolate and pinnately lobed, 2-10 cm long by 0.5-4 cm wide, the ultimate margins often dentate to denticulate. Flowers: Flower heads yellow, discoid, arranged in loose panicles of 8-20 heads; calyculi (extra set of bracts below the involucre) of 2-6 black-tipped bractlets much shorter than the phyllaries; involucre (set of bracts wrapped around the flower head) widely cylindric or urn-shaped, 4-6 mm high, the bracts (phyllaries) about 21, all of equal length, with green or black tips; florets 30-65, all discs, the corollas yellow. Fruits: Achenes 2 mm long, often hairy, topped with a pappus of bristles. Ecology: Found in disturbed sites, below 3,500 ft (1067 m); flowers in ...

Figure 1 (a) A small soil pool (about 2 m wide) on a granite outcrop in east-central Alabama. Shallow soil at the margins is dominated by lichens. The deepest soil in the center of the pool has been colonized by Senecio tomentosus, a yellow-flowered herbaceous perennial species. (b) A larger soil pool on the same granite outcrop shown in (a). Deep soil on the left (behind the children: Jenny and Kristina Boyd) is occupied by woody plants (shrubs and trees). The soil pool becomes more shallow to the right, where striking zonation of smaller plants can be observed. The most shallow soil on the extreme right is occupied by the small red-colored annual Sedum smallii. Slightly deeper soil to the left of the Sedum zone is dominated by moss (Polytrichum commune) and white-flowered annual Arenaria species. Still deeper soil between that zone and the woody plants is dominated by perennial grasses along with some Senecio tomentosus. Credit: R. S. Boyd.. Organic matter in soils is also an important food ...

Provide porous soil with adequate drainage, pots with drainage hole are recommended. Bright, filtered light and ample airflow. Water thoroughly when soil is dry to the touch. Never let your succulents sit in water. Do NOT water on the leaves. If you water from beneath by letting the plant sit in a saucer of water, make sure to pour off any excess water after a few minutes. The hotter it is outside, the faster your soil will dry out, so youll need to water more often if you live in a hot area. Water with caution in winter, as the plant can lose its roots if the soil stays cold and wet for extended periods; protect from frost to prevent scarring ...

Capitula radiate, erect, solitary or rarely 2-3 together terminal on the branches; stalks of the individual capitula thinly to densely lanate; involucre 9-12 mm long, 6-7 mm in diameter; bracts of calyculus 8-12, lanceolate, dark-tipped, 5-9 mm long, thinly to densely arachnoid-lanate; phyllaries 12-20, black-tipped, 7-11 mm long, densely white-lanate to thinly arachnoid and glabrescent, sometimes also minutely puberulous ...

Capitula radiate, numerous in copious dense terminal compound corymbs; stalk of individual heads floccose-tomentose; involucre 4.5-6 mm long, 2.5 mm in diameter; bracts of calyculus 3-5, lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm long, arachnoid-pubescent on margins and also in lower part; phyllaries 8-12, 4-6 mm long, thinly arachnoid near base ...

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Variegated String of Pearls is a well loved wishlist item for all plant collectors. Its known for its pearl like leaves that are swirled in cream, green, and sometimes even pink and purple colors with the right combination of sun stress and water. The thin, string-like stems trail elegantly and can cascade several fee

I got a very late start on the self-guided Lawn-to-Garden tour Saturday, thirty gardens from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m., just because Friday was an unusually odd workday and I lingered and wallowed far too long in the glory of … Continue reading →. ...

I live in apartment in Detroit. My succulents are on a table pushed up to an east facing window. There are a couple of 25w complact flourescent bulbs hovering just above. The bulbs put out 100w of light. Hes able to grow his in his yard. So, I cant really do it the way he does ...

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Wax Ivy is in fact not an ivy at all, and is more closely related to String of Pearls, String of Fish Hooks, and other succulents.

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Phylogeographical analyses on Squalidus argentatus samples from thirteen localities within mainland China and Taiwan were conducted for biogeographic studies, as their dispersal strictly depends on geological evolution of the landmasses. A total of 95 haplotypes were genotyped for mtDNA cyt b gene in 160 specimens from nine river systems. Relatively high levels of haplotype diversity (h = 0.984) and low levels of nucleotide diversity (π = 0.020) were detected in S. argentatus. Two major phylogenetic haplotype groups, A and B, were revealed via phylogenetic analysis. The degree of intergroup divergence (3.96%) indicates that these groups diverged about 4.55 myr (million years) ago. Haplotype network and population analyses indicated significant genetic structure (FST = 0.775), largely concordant with the geographical location of the populations. According to SAMOVA analysis, we divided these populations into four units: Yangtze-Pearl, Qiantang-Minjiang, Jiulong-Beijiang and Taiwan groups. Mismatch

Squalidus argentatus (Sauvage and Dabry de Thiersant 1874) is a small-sized freshwater fish which is distributed in Mainland China, Hainan Island and Taiwan. The populations of S. argentatus have dropped sharply probably due to overharvesting and water pollution recently. Eleven polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for the cyprinid fish S. argentatus. These new markers were tested on 43 individuals collected from Yangtze River and Qiantang River. The number of alleles, observed and expected heterozygosity per locus, in two populations ranged from 3 to 14, from 0.333 to 0.954 and from 0.480 to 0.928, respectively. Only two loci are significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg expectations due to the heterozygote deficiency. No significant linkage disequilibrium was detected between the pairwise comparisons of these loci. These polymorphic microsatellite loci will enable us to study the genetic variation, population structure, and conservation genetics of this species in the future.

SAN DIEGO & CAMBRIDGE, England-(BUSINESS WIRE)- Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (NASDAQ: LGND) and PhoreMost Limited today announced the signing of a research collaboration agreement between Ligands subsidiary Vernalis and PhoreMost on an undisclosed novel oncology target.. PhoreMost has identified and validated the target using its next-generation SITESEEKER® phenotypic screening technology. Ligand will now apply its Vernalis Design Platform (VDP) to design small molecule inhibitors against the target, to help rapidly progress compounds through hit-to-lead and lead optimization stages. The objective of the collaboration is to out-license the resulting compounds for further development. Under the terms of the agreement, Vernalis and PhoreMost will share downstream revenues of any future out-licenses. Based on Ligands contribution and stage of development at the time of licensing, Ligand will be entitled to a scaling interest in license economics based on development stage.. This ...

Cinnabar moths are day-flying insects with distinctive pinkish-red and black wings. There is little variation in patterning, although on rare occasions the red markings may be replaced with yellow, or the forewing is entirely red with a black border, or the wings are completely black. Like many other brightly coloured moths, it is unpalatable; the larvae use members of the genus Senecio as foodplants. Many members of the genus have been recorded as foodplants, but for long-term population success, the presence of the larger species such as ragwort is needed. Smaller plant species, such as groundsel, are sometimes used, but since the species lays its eggs in large batches, survival tends to be reduced. Newly hatched larvae feed from the underneath of ragwort leaves within the area of their old eggs. The larvae absorb toxic and bitter tasting alkaloid substances from the foodplants, and assimilate them, becoming unpalatable themselves.[1] The bright colours of both the larvae and the moths act as ...

There are three genera - Senecio, Centaurea, and Artemisia - that are especially well known for silvery foliage. Most are low growing species, usually perennials between 1 foot and 4 feet tall. They are generically known as dusty millers, including a most popular species with pointed, finely cut foliage (Senecio viravira), and another with blunt or rounded leaf tips and serrations (Senecio cineraria).. Both sport small yellow or white daisies - dusty millers belong to the daisy family - that are nothing special to look at. Some people remove the flowers as soon as they appear in order to direct the energy of the plant into leaf production alone.. Centaurea cineraria/gymnocarpa has the most interesting flowers among all the dusty millers. They are violet purple and are borne abundantly on and off throughout the year. While reaching 3 feet or taller, the growth habit of this species is rather compact and so it is eminently possible and even advisable to train this plant into a distinctive ...

MaltaWildPlants.com is an internet online database of the wild plants growing on the islands of Malta and Gozo. . This is the profile for the plant - Jacobaea maritima subsp. sicula / Sicilian Silver Ragwort / Kromb il-ba畗 isfar. Each plant profile in the database contains nomenclature info, botanical data, plant description, large, high-resolution pictures, images and photos of the plants and its parts, detailed information such as uses, history, habitat, and medicinal properties, pH properties of the flower extracts and more related information. All info is referenced. All material is under copyright and cannot be used without permission of the author ([email protected]) ?>

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), sometimes referred to as necine bases, are a group of naturally occurring alkaloids based on the structure of pyrrolizidine. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are produced by plants as a defense mechanism against insect herbivores. More than 660 PAs and PA N-oxides have been identified in over 6,000 plants, and about half of them exhibit hepatotoxicity. They are found frequently in plants in the Boraginaceae, Asteraceae, Orchidaceae and Fabaceae families; less frequently in the Convolvulaceae and Poaceae, and in at least one species in the Lamiaceae. It has been estimated that 3% of the worlds flowering plants contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Honey can contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids, as can grains, milk, offal and eggs. To date (2011), there is no international regulation of PAs in food, unlike those for herbs and medicines. Unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids are hepatotoxic, that is, damaging to the liver. PAs also cause hepatic veno-occlusive disease and liver cancer. ...

Wingspan 18-22 mm.. One of three British species of Phycitodes which are difficult to separate from one another and are best identified by dissection of the genitalia.. P. maritima occurs throughout much of England, though commoner in the south and east, and occurs inland as well as coastally, despite the scientific name.. The moths fly from May to August, possibly in two generations, and the larvae feed on yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), chiefly in the flower-heads. ...

Ivan Pepelnjak is an Independent Network Architect working at ipSpace.net AG. He likes hiking, climbing, and writing about lovely parts of Slovenia. Read more… ...

Maidenhair fern has self-sown in amongst the sedum clavatum. The amount that has self-sown here there must be heaps of its spores floating about.

Several insect lineages have developed diverse strategies to sequester toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids from food-plants for their own defense. Here, we show that in two highly divergent insect taxa, the hemimetabolous grasshoppers and the holometabolous butterflies, an almost identical strategy evolved independently for safe accumulation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. This strategy involves a pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxygenase that transfers the pyrrolizidine alkaloids to their respective N-oxide, enabling the insects to avoid high concentrations of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the hemolymph. We have identified a pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxygenase, which is a flavin-dependent monooxygenase, of the grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus. After heterologous expression in E. coli, this enzyme shows high specificity for pyrrolizidine alkaloids of various structural types and for the tropane alkaloid atropine as substrates, a property that has been described previously for a pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxygenase of

Depressant symptoms, which include burning abdominal pain, decreased excitabiUty, convulsions, nausea, and coma, become the general syndrome for all oral alkaloid poisoning. Discorine [3329-91-7] (15), a y-unsaturated lactone found in yams, is an alkaloid having the empirical formula C23H22O2N it has been isolated from Nigerian yams, thus estabUshing the discorine-type alkaloids as representative of the Dioscorea genus of plants (56). Seeds of Senecio contain alkaloids belonging to the pyrrolizidine group and, in addition to producing characteristic signs of alkaloid toxicity, these are suspected of being hepatic carcinogens. Ergotism is the disease caused by intoxication by one of at least twelve alkaloid derivatives of lysergic acid produced by a parasitic fungus (ergot) on grains. Myristicin (7), found in both nutmeg and mace, is a psychoactive agent that may be fatal in infants who consume as Httle as two whole nutmegs. Its toxicity resembles alcohol intoxication. [c.478] ...

The wildflowers in this section cover Actinobole, Calocephalus, Cassinia, Celmisia, Cephalipterum, Chrysocephalum, Erodiophyllum, Gnephosis, Helichrysum, Lawrencella, Leucochrysum, Microseris, Olearia, Pembertonia, Podolepis, Polycalymma, Pterocaulon, Pycnosorus, Rhodanthe, Schoenia, Senecio,...

Speciation by hybridization is likely to be a signature of the Anthropocene. A new hybrid species of Rhagoletis fruitfly has colonized invasive honeysuckle in North America. A primrose species,Primula kewensis, arose by hybridization and continues to be propagated in Londons Kew Gardens. And five species (Spartina anglica and four Senecio species) that have arisen by hybridization between native and introduced species in Britain have become naturalized. Remarkably, the introduction of plants to Britain seems to have increased the global species list. These five (out of a flora of 2,711 naturalized and native species) suggest a speciation rate (0.00184 per original species in the past 150 years) similar to the extinction rate reported for mammals over the past 100 years. If sustained, with no subsequent extinctions, it would be sufficient to increase the number of plant species by 20% within 15,000 years ...

Description of plant communities. The study area is mostly open grassland, with scattered fynbos communities either on rocky outcrops, on the summit plateau area or concentrated on the steep slopes and cliffs of Platberg on the sandstone of the Clarens formation. Little disturbance from grazing is evident, with no record of agricultural practice on the plateau of Platberg. There are some clusters and scattered individuals of the declared alien invasive tree species Pinus patula (species group E), having escaped from plantations established at lower altitudes and now being firmly ensconced on the footslopes and scattered on the summit plateau area.. The sclerophyllous vegetation is characterised by Passerina montana (species group M, Table 1), Cliffortia ramosissima (species group F, Table 1) and Cliffortia nitidula (species group P, Table 1). Common species throughout the study area include the forbs Hebenstretia dura, Watsonia lepida, Commelina africana, Oxalis obliquifolia, Senecio ...

Description of plant communities. The study area is mostly open grassland, with scattered fynbos communities either on rocky outcrops, on the summit plateau area or concentrated on the steep slopes and cliffs of Platberg on the sandstone of the Clarens formation. Little disturbance from grazing is evident, with no record of agricultural practice on the plateau of Platberg. There are some clusters and scattered individuals of the declared alien invasive tree species Pinus patula (species group E), having escaped from plantations established at lower altitudes and now being firmly ensconced on the footslopes and scattered on the summit plateau area.. The sclerophyllous vegetation is characterised by Passerina montana (species group M, Table 1), Cliffortia ramosissima (species group F, Table 1) and Cliffortia nitidula (species group P, Table 1). Common species throughout the study area include the forbs Hebenstretia dura, Watsonia lepida, Commelina africana, Oxalis obliquifolia, Senecio ...

Adonis vernalis, Ranunculaceae, Pheasants Eye, Spring Pheasants Eye, Yellow Pheasants Eye, False Hellebore, habitus; Botanical Garden KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany. The blooming plants without roots are used in homeopathy as remedy: Adonis vernalis (Adon.)

NGR: SS 1303 9726 (partially quarried away) NPRN: - SMR: 4285, 4548 CCR: 1038 Excavation: G.N. Smith, 1840; E. Laws, 1882-1888; J. van Nedervelde, 1970, 1986. Curation: National Museum of Wales, Cardiff (90.55H). Burials: MNI: 2+. Finds: Pottery, flint artefacts, animal bones. Date: Palaeolithic (1), Romano-British (1). 14C: 24470bp (OxA-14164) on human bone; 1771bp (OxA-10968) on human bone. Bibliography: Davies, M. (1989) Recent advances in cave archaeology in southwest Wales. In Ford, T.D. (ed.) Limestones and Caves of Wales. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 79-91. Lacaille, A.D. & Grimes, W.F. (1961) The prehistory of Caldey. Archaeologia Cambrensis 110: 37-39, 60-63. Laws, E. (1888) The History of Little England Beyond Wales. Bell, London. Leach, A.L. (1916) Nannas Cave, Isle of Caldey. Archaeologia Cambrensis 16: 155-180. Leach, A.L. (1945) The Rev. G.N. Smith: a Pembrokeshire antiquary. Archaeologia Cambrensis 98: 248-254. Schulting, R.J. & Richards, M.P. (2002) Finding the ...

Detection and toxicity evaluation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in medicinal plants Gynura bicolor and Gynura divaricata collected from different Chinese locations

Updated BfR FAQ of 14 June 2018 High levels of 1,2-unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) have been detected in tea and herbal tea varieties in the course of various scientific projects. High

A new pyrrolizidine alkaloid, cremastrine (1), was isolated from the bulbs of Cremastra appendiculata. Its configuration was determined by spectroscopic and chemical analyses. Compound 1 inhibited the binding of tritium-labeled N-methylscopolamine to the muscarinic M3 receptor with a K(i) value of 1 …

Two American bloggers, Pat Sutton and Debbie Roberts, at Native Plants & Wildlife Gardens, have started a Plant This, Not That series, to promote using native plants rather than invasive aliens. As this is exactly what I was doing a couple of weeks ago here, promoting maple-leaved viburnum, I have decided to take up the…

The attractive, rich, golden-yellow flowers of this Daisy-like perennial appear in May and June in moist meadows and thickets, and in swamps. It is strikingly clean cut and beautiful. The slender, usu...

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Eilert Ekwall (op. cit.) : Munuwi muda (II Ekwall English River Names); Monemude Domesday Book; Munemuta 1191 Giraldi Cambrensis. The mouth of the MONNOW. M~ is at the confluence of the Monnow with the Wye. The place is called Aper Mynuy the mouth of the Monnow, Castell Mingui, Castellum de Mingui.... Monmouth may be a translation of early Welsh Aper Mynuy ...

is a garden Forget-me-not that may sometimes be found near houses. Uniquely identifiable characteristics Distinguishing Feature : Being a member of the Borage Family, Bugloss contains several poisonous pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Amongst them are the pyrrolizidine monoesters such as Lycopsamine ...

From golden ragwort in April to goldentop in October, about one in five flowering plant species that I find in the Maryland Piedmont is in the aster family. Its unknown how many plant species there are altogether: discoveries still happen, and of course theres taxonomic uncertainty. But experts believe that there are about 352,000 flowering…

This weekend, one of the holiday chores is to mulch garden beds. Last year I began practicing natural mulch, a concept I learned at a workshop. Ground ivy is a low growing non-native in the mint family. I allow this plant to grow on the edges and the bumblebees love it! This cuts down on weeding and mulching. Native plants are able to out-compete the ground ivy. I do pull it away from plants that look like they need some help, usually non-natives. Round-leaved Ragwort is another great groundcover and blooming now. After flowering, cut it back and the leaves provide a thick, natural groundcover ...

A range of samples were collected between February and March 2014 as part of a survey commissioned by the Food Standards Agency. Samples of tea, herbal infusions, plant based food supplements and honey were collected to monitor the occurrence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in certain foods. ...