Transdermal delivery is an attractive option for drug delivery. Nevertheless, the skin is a tough barrier and only a limited number of drugs can be delivered through it. The most difficult to deliver are hydrophilic drugs. The stinging mechanism of the cnidarians is a sophisticated injection system consisting of microcapsular nematocysts, which utilize built-in high osmotic pressures to inject a submicron tubule that penetrates and delivers their contents to the prey. Here we show, for the first time, that the nematocysts of the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis can be isolated and incorporated into a topical formulation for continuous drug delivery. We demonstrate quantitative delivery of nicotinamide and lidocaine hydrochloride as a function of microcapsular dose or drug exposure. We also show how the released submicron tubules can be exploited as a skin penetration enhancer prior to and independently of drug application. The microcapsules are non-irritant and may offer an attractive

Fransolet, D, Roberty, S, Herman, A-C, Tonk, L, Hoegh-Guldberg, O and Plumier, J-C (2013). Increased cell proliferation and mucocyte density in the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida recovering from bleaching. PLoS ONE 8(5): e65015 ...

Title:Analgesic and CNS Depressant Activities of Sea Anemone Heteractis aurora Nematocyst Toxin. VOLUME: 16 ISSUE: 3. Author(s):Sengapillai Thangaraj, Subramanian Bragadeeswaran, Natarajah Srikumaran and Anbukkarasu Suguna. Affiliation:Marine Biotoxinology Lab. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai - 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India.. Keywords:Analgesic activity, CNS depressant activity, Heteractis aurora, Haemolytic activity, Sea anemone.. Abstract:Marine organisms are the excellent sources for biologically active compounds. Cnidarian venoms are potentially valuable materials used for biomedical research and drug development. The present work was carried out to analyse haemolytic, analgesic and CNS depressant activity of sea anemone Heteractis aurora. In haemolytic assay, among the five different RBC blood cells, the chicken blood exhibited maximum hemolytic activity of 64 Hemolytic Unit (HU). The maximum Analgesic Ratio (AR) of 5 ...

Antho-KAamide (L-3-phenyllactyl-Phe-Lys-Ala-NH2) and Antho-RIamide (L-3-phenyllactyl-Tyr-ArgIle-NH2) are novel neuropeptides isolated from the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima. They both inhibited spontaneous contractions of isolated muscle preparations from a wide variety of anemone species (threshold around 10-7 m ). Their actions were universal in that they inhibited every muscle preparation tested, regardless of whether the muscle group was located in the ectoderm or endoderm, or was oriented in a circular or longitudinal direction. Injection of Antho-KAamide or Antho-RIamide into the coelenteron of intact sea anemones resulted in a marked expansion of the animals. Similar shape changes followed feeding or exposure to soluble food extracts. Therefore, we hypothesize that nerve cells that release Antho-KAamide and Antho-RIamide are involved in the expansion phase of feeding behaviour in sea anemones. ...

Relatively few studies have investigated the genetic population structure of sea anemones. This is particularly true for sea anemones that host some of the most iconic fishes on coral reefs, the anemonefishes. One of the main reasons for this knowledge gap is the lack of appropriate genetic markers. We developed and characterized a total of 47 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers for four host sea anemone species from the Indo-Pacific: Entacmaea quadricolor (n = 16 microsatellite markers), Heteractis magnifica (n = 8), Stichodactyla mertensii (n = 13), and Stichodactyla gigantea (n = 10). Here, we report genetic diversity statistics from two different sampling locations for each anemone species. Overall, we found that most markers were highly polymorphic. On average, we found a mean of seven alleles per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosities displayed high variation among loci, ranging from 0.033 to 0.980 and from 0.038 to 0.927, respectively. Only four loci showed deviations of ...

The human ether-à-go-go channel (hEag1 or KV10.1) is a cancer-relevant voltage-gated potassium channel that is overexpressed in a majority of human tumors. Peptides that are able to selectively inhibit this channel can be lead compounds in the search for new anticancer drugs. Here, we report the activity-guided purification and electrophysiological characterization of a novel KV10.1 inhibitor from the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima. Purified sea anemone fractions were screened for inhibitory activity on KV10.1 by measuring whole-cell currents as expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using the two-microelectrode voltage clamp technique. Fractions that showed activity on Kv10.1 were further purified by RP-HPLC. The amino acid sequence of the peptide was determined by a combination of MALDI- LIFT-TOF/TOF MS/MS and CID-ESI-FT-ICR MS/MS and showed a high similarity with APETx1 and APETx3 and was therefore named APETx4. Subsequently, the peptide was electrophysiologically characterized on KV10.1. The

Aggregating anemones, Anthopleura elegantissima, dont mind a little crowding. They seem to need it. Youll find them packed column-to-column. They cloak tide pool rocks so densely you might be fooled into thinking youre looking at bare rock. Its not until you take that first squishy step that you discover your mistake. Anthopleura elegantissima is genuinely an…

Background: Coral reef ecosystems are declining in response to global climate change and anthropogenic impacts. Yet patterns of standing genetic variation within cnidarian species, a major determinant of adaptive potential, are virtually unknown at genome-scale resolution. We explore patterns of genome-wide polymorphism and identify candidate loci under selection in the sea anemone Aiptasia, an important laboratory model system for studying the symbiosis between corals and dinoflagellate algae of the genus Symbiodinium. Results: Low coverage genome sequencing revealed large genetic distances among globally widespread lineages, novel candidate targets of selection, and considerably higher heterozygosity than previously reported for Aiptasia. More than 670,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified among 10 Aiptasia individuals including two pairs of genetic clones. Evolutionary relationships based on genome-wide polymorphism supported the current paradigm of a genetically distinct ...

A new pyridinium compound, amphikuemin, which induces characteristic attracted swimming (toward the chemical stimulus) in A. perideraion, has been isolated from R. kuekenthali and characterized. The species-specific partnership between the sea anemone and anemone fish in many parts of the Indo-Pacific region is a well-known phenomenon. Chemicals secreted by the sea anemone to elicit symbiotic behavior of the fish have been studied for two host-guest pairs, Radianthus kuekenthali (sea anemone)-Amphiprion perideraion (anemone fish) and Stoichactis kenti-A. ocellaris. A new pyridinium compound, amphikuemin, which induces characteristic attracted swimming (toward the chemical stimulus) in A. perideraion, has been isolated from R. kuekenthali and characterized. Several other chemicals that elicit characteristic symbiotic movements have also been identified.

NF-κB is a key regulator of immune gene expression in metazoans. It is currently unclear what changes occurred in NF-κB during animal evolution and what features remained conserved. To address this question, we compared the biochemical and functional properties of NF-κB proteins derived from human and the starlet sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis) in 1) a high-throughput assay of in vitro preferences for DNA sequences, 2) ChIP analysis of in vivo recruitment to the promoters of target genes, 3) a LUMIER-assisted examination of interactions with cofactors, and 4) a transactivation assay. We observed a remarkable evolutionary conservation of the DNA binding preferences of the animal NF-κB orthologs. We also show that NF-κB dimerization properties, nuclear localization signals, and binding to cytosolic IκBs are conserved. Surprisingly, the Bcl3-type nuclear IκB proteins functionally pair up only with NF-κB derived from their own species. The basis of the differential NF-κB recognition by IκB

Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylation of S-methyl-5-thioadenosine (MTA) to adenine and 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate. Involved in the breakdown of MTA, a major by-product of polyamine biosynthesis. Responsible for the first step in the methionine salvage pathway after MTA has been generated from S-adenosylmethionine. Has broad substrate specificity with 6-aminopurine nucleosides as preferred substrates.

We purified a new cytolysin (HMgIII) from the sea anemone, Heteractis magnifica. HMgIII, which has a molecular mass of ~19 kDa, functions as both a cytolysin and a hemolysin. The full-length HMg III cDNA was obtained by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, using primers designed from its N-terminal amino acid sequence and an internal conserved region of two other sea anemone cytolysins: equinatoxin II (EqT II) and cytolysin III. The cDNA contained an open reading frame of 633 bp, which encodes a protein of 211 amino acids. The nascent HMg III protein contained a prepropeptide of 34 amino acids, which includes a signal peptide of 19 amino acids. The mature HMg III has a predicted molecular mass of 19 kDa and a pI of 9.1, and shares 91%, 89%, 65% and 63% amino acid sequence similarity with cytolysin III, cytolysin ST I, tenebrosin-C and equinatoxin (EqT II), respectively. The predicted secondary structure of the mature HMg III comprises 16% α-helix, 23% extended strand and 60% random ...

The effect of sea anemone toxins from Parasicyonis actinostoloides and Anemonia sulcata on the Na conductance in crayfish giant axons was studied under voltage-clamp conditions. The toxin slowed the Na inactivation process without changing the kinetics of Na activation or K activation in an early stage of the toxin effect. An analysis of the Na current profile during the toxin treatment suggested an all-or-none modification of individual Na channels. Toxin-modified Na channels were partially inactivated with a slower time course than that of the normal inactivation. This slow inactivation in steady state decreased in its extent as the membrane was depolarized to above -45 mV, so that practically no inactivation occurred at the membrane potentials as high as +50 mV. In addition to inhibition of the normal Na inactivation, prolonged toxin treatment induced an anomalous closing in a certain population of Na channels, indicated by very slow components of the Na tail current. The observed kinetic ...

Two cytolysins, designated as magnificalysins I and II, were purified from a tropical sea anemone, Heteractis magnifica (formerly Radianthus ritteri). The purification steps involved Sephadex G-50 and CM-Sepharose chromatography followed by Mono S and Phenyl-Superose Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography. The relative mol. wt of magnificalysins I and II, determined by SDS-PAGE, was approximately 19,000, while their isoelectric points, determined by isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients, were 9.4 and 10.0, respectively. Those toxins were found to have haemolytic and lethal activities. The haemolytic activities of magnificalysins I and II were 3.6 x 104 HU/mg and 3.3 x 104 HU/mg, while their LD50 (i.v., mice) values were approximately 0.14 μg/g and 0.32 μg/g, respectively. The amino acid composition and N-terminal sequences of magnificalysins I and II were also obtained. They do not possess any cysteine or cystine residue, but are rich in basic and hydrophobic amino acids. The N-terminal ...

Story Summary: Present addresses: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK (P. A. W. ); Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany (A. -K. Here we report the genome of Hydra magnipapillataand compare it to the genomes of the anthozoan Nematostella vectensis6and other animals. Comparisons of the Hydragenome to the genomes of other animals shed light on the evolution of epithelia, contractile tissues, developmentally regulated transcription factors, the Spemann-Mangold organizer, pluripotency genes and the neuromuscular junction. The genomic basis of cnidarian evolution has so far been viewed from the perspective of an anthozoan, the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis6. Hydrais a medusozoan that diverged from anthozoans at least 540 millions year ago. We generated draft assemblies of the Hydra magnipapillatagenome using a whole-genome shotgun approach (Supplementary Information sections 1-3and Supplementary Figs ...

Notch signalling, SoxB and Group A bHLH proneural genes are conserved regulators of the neurogenic program in many bilaterians. However, the ancestry of their functions and interactions is not well understood. We address this question in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, a representative of the Cnidaria, the sister clade to the Bilateria. It has previously been found that the SoxB orthologue NvSoxB(2) is expressed in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in Nematostella and promotes the development of both neurons and nematocytes, whereas Notch signalling has been implicated in the negative regulation of neurons and the positive regulation of nematocytes. Here, we clarify the role of Notch by reporting that inhibition of Notch signalling increases the numbers of both neurons and nematocytes, as well as increasing the number of NvSoxB(2)-expressing cells. This suggests that Notch restricts neurogenesis by limiting the generation of NPCs. We then characterise NvAth-like (Atonal/Neurogenin family) ...

A pale yellow-colored, moderately halophilic, Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-sporulating, rod-shaped, motile, aerobic bacterium, designated strain JSM 073008T, was isolated from a sea anemone (Anthopleura xanthogrammica) collected from Naozhou Island, Leizhou Bay, South China Sea. The organism was able to grow with 1-20% (w/v) total salts (optimum, 5-10%), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optim ...

A pale yellow-colored, moderately halophilic, Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-sporulating, rod-shaped, motile, aerobic bacterium, designated strain JSM 073008T, was isolated from a sea anemone (Anthopleura xanthogrammica) collected from Naozhou Island, Leizhou Bay, South China Sea. The organism was able to grow with 1-20% (w/v) total salts (optimum, 5-10%), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optim ...

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Keep Your Friends Close, BUT! … Your Anemones CLOSER! Sure, there were lots of reasons for Nemo to bust out of that Dentist office aquarium. In our version of the story, it was mostly because he couldnt bear to live outside of his anemone. Nemo is a clownfish, also known as anemonefish because these fish make their homes in anemones. Of over 1,000 anemone species worldwide, only 10 coexists with tropical clownfish. The fish and its anemone are in a symbiotic relationship - this means that the fish benefits from the anemone and vice versa. Clownfish are the only fish capable of living in an anemone without getting stung by its tentacles. Like their relatives, jellies and corals, anemones have stinging cells on their tentacles. How do the clownfish escape being stung? They have a slimy mucus covering that protects them from the stinging tentacles. Scientists know this because they took clownfish, wiped off the covering, and found that the fish would get stung when they were returned to their home

Giant green anemones have tube-like, columnar bodies, topped with a round cap bearing a crown of numerous tentacles. Column diameter may be up to 17 cm (tentacular cap crown diameter up to 25 cm) and they may grow to be as tall as 30 cm. The tentacular crown has at least 6 rings of tentacles with a mouth in the center. The tentacles contain stinging cells called cnidocytes, which hold venomous organelles called nematocysts, used to paralyze and capture prey, as well as to defend against attackers. Giant green anemones have a basal pedal disk, used to attach the animal to substrate (usually a rock or coral). Once attached to the substrate, they typically do not move; however, an anemone can use its foot to move to a new location if conditions are unfit for survival. The column is dark green to brown in color, with irregular tubercles on the surface. Disk and tentacles are green or blue to white, depending on how much sunlight the anenome receives. This is because the anemone has symbiotic algae ...

Medusa and polyp are two body types whereby one is non-motile while the other is characteristically free swimming and is located in the marine invertebrate cnidarian.. References. Morandini, A. C., Custódio, M. R., & Marques, A. C. (2016). Phylum porifera and cnidaria. Marine and Freshwater Toxins, 287-316.. Pukhlyakova, E., Kirillova, A., Kraus, Y., & Technau, U. (2018). Cadherin switch marks germ layer formation in the diploblastic sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. bioRxiv, 488270.. Reddien, P. W. (2018). The cellular and molecular basis for planarian regeneration. Cell, 175(2), 327-345.. Do you need high quality Custom Essay Writing Services?. ...

1. Feeding can be initiated in Anemonia sulcata by mechanical, chemical or electrical stimulation of the tentacles provided the stimulus sets up sufficiently prolonged excitation. Owing to rapid adaptation, mechanical stimuli rarely set up enduring excitation and inert objects are therefore usually rejected. Chemical stimuli set up prolonged excitation and food objects are therefore usually accepted. A series of electrical stimuli can produce rejection or feeding according to whether it is brief or prolonged.. 2. The sensitivity of the tentacles varies greatly a different foods. It is greatest to animal foods. There is great sensitivity to certain kinds of mucus.. 3. The active substances of natural foods are closely associated with protein. They fail to pass through a membrane which retains colloids. A feeding reaction can be obtained to food substances which appear to be insoluble in water.. 4. Though the active substances of many natural foods are not in free solution, soluble derivatives of ...

ID A7S545_NEMVE Unreviewed; 564 AA. AC A7S545; DT 02-OCT-2007, integrated into UniProtKB/TrEMBL. DT 02-OCT-2007, sequence version 1. DT 25-OCT-2017, entry version 72. DE SubName: Full=Predicted protein {ECO:0000313,EMBL:EDO41140.1}; GN ORFNames=v1g206949 {ECO:0000313,EMBL:EDO41140.1}; OS Nematostella vectensis (Starlet sea anemone). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Hexacorallia; Actiniaria; OC Edwardsiidae; Nematostella. OX NCBI_TaxID=45351 {ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000001593}; RN [1] {ECO:0000313,EMBL:EDO41140.1, ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000001593} RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=CH2 X CH6 {ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000001593}; RX PubMed=17615350; DOI=10.1126/science.1139158; RA Putnam N.H., Srivastava M., Hellsten U., Dirks B., Chapman J., RA Salamov A., Terry A., Shapiro H., Lindquist E., Kapitonov V.V., RA Jurka J., Genikhovich G., Grigoriev I.V., Lucas S.M., Steele R.E., RA Finnerty J.R., Technau U., Martindale M.Q., Rokhsar D.S.; RT Sea anemone genome ...

You searched for: Contributor McPeak, Ronald H. Remove constraint Contributor: McPeak, Ronald H. Genre slides (photographs) Remove constraint Genre: slides (photographs) Topic Sea anemones Remove constraint Topic: Sea anemones Place Santa Rosa Island (Calif.) Remove constraint Place: Santa Rosa Island (Calif.) Format Still Image Remove constraint Format: Still Image ...

Aiptasia. Small, 2 to 4 cm. Excellent for demonstrating feeding and tactile response, asexual reproduction, and regeneration. Very hardy. Feed brine shrimp or marine rotifers. Culture contains 20 to 25 anemones. With instructions.

ID A7SJF6_NEMVE Unreviewed; 259 AA. AC A7SJF6; DT 02-OCT-2007, integrated into UniProtKB/TrEMBL. DT 02-OCT-2007, sequence version 1. DT 07-JUN-2017, entry version 52. DE SubName: Full=Predicted protein {ECO:0000313,EMBL:EDO36153.1}; DE Flags: Fragment; GN ORFNames=v1g120521 {ECO:0000313,EMBL:EDO36153.1}; OS Nematostella vectensis (Starlet sea anemone). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Hexacorallia; Actiniaria; OC Edwardsiidae; Nematostella. OX NCBI_TaxID=45351 {ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000001593}; RN [1] {ECO:0000313,EMBL:EDO36153.1, ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000001593} RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=CH2 X CH6 {ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000001593}; RX PubMed=17615350; DOI=10.1126/science.1139158; RA Putnam N.H., Srivastava M., Hellsten U., Dirks B., Chapman J., RA Salamov A., Terry A., Shapiro H., Lindquist E., Kapitonov V.V., RA Jurka J., Genikhovich G., Grigoriev I.V., Lucas S.M., Steele R.E., RA Finnerty J.R., Technau U., Martindale M.Q., Rokhsar D.S.; RT ...

My current research as a postdoctoral scholar in Dr. Ann Tarrants lab at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution utilizes the starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis, to study the evolution and transcriptional regulation of stress response pathways. Nematostella is a useful, emerging model species to study these questions for at least three reasons: 1) as a cnidarian, this anemone is evolutionarily well-positioned as a representative outgroup to traditional studies in vertebrates and insects, 2) the genome has been sequenced and extensive molecular tools, including gene expression profiling, in situ hybridization, and knock downs, have been developed, and 3) it is a broadly distributed, estuarine specialist occupying high marsh environments; thus, it is naturally exposed to habitat perturbations and point sources of contaminants. I am currently pursing three research directions that address a suite of questions and use a diverse set of techniques. Research Direction 1. Transcriptional ...

This course seeks to give the participant the necessary tools to start and/or continue studies on the taxonomy and diversity of sea anemones in a broad sense, i.e. including the order Actiniaria (sea anemones sensu stricto), Corallimorpharia (mushroom anemones) and Zoanthidea (matt anemones). The course will last twelve days, with five days dedicated to taxonomic training, including the characteristics and identification of the various actiniarian suborders, superfamilies and families; the orders Corallimorpharia and Zoanthidea will be also considered. Three days will be dedicated to learning colleting, fixation and preservation methods, histological techniques necessary for sea anemone identification as well as cnidae preparation and identification. Common taxa at Bocas del Toro will be identified to species. We will conduct surveys of sea anemones at several field sites near the Bocas Research Station to collect baseline data for conservation and for future studies. The remaining three days ...

The Scilogex Bright 2212 Starlet is a small, portable and convenient biological cryostat. The size of the Starlet makes it ideal as a back-up instrument or for use in laboratories where space is at a premium. Heavy enough to offer the needed stability, but light enough so it can be transported from laboratory to laboratory.If frozen sectioning is infrequent and a full-sized, full-priced cryostat cannot be justified, the Starlet does the job and fits any budget. The chamber is of stainless steel construction and comes complete with a detachable quick freezer bar and detachable storage shelf. Easy to clean and resistant to common decontaminating agents, the working chamber is convenient to use. Starlet cryostats compact size leads to rapid cool-down times, to -30°C in the chamber and to -40°C for the detachable quick freezer bar. While not in use, an insulated cover can be pressed in place to insure efficient running of the refrigeration system and reduction of frosting. With the cover the chamber will

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When the sea anemone is in the larval stage it swims. As adults, the sea anemone stands with one end on the sea floor and uses long tentacles on its upper end to catch small animals which they stuff into the only body opening in the middle of the ring of tentacles.. Based on the appearance of the adult animals, the lower end of these animals has traditionally been called the foot and the upper end the head, explains Rentzsch.. What the research group found out was that in the sea anemone the head gene function is located at the end that corresponds to the foot of the adult animals. The key was to study the larvae of the sea anemones when they still move around.. The larvae swims with the foot end forward and this end carries their main sense organ, so at this stage it looks more like this might be their head, says Rentzsch. And indeed, the head genes function on this side of the animals.. Sea anemones and all higher animals, including humans, share a common brainless ancestor which ...

1BDS: Determination of the three-dimensional solution structure of the antihypertensive and antiviral protein BDS-I from the sea anemone Anemonia sulcata: a study using nuclear magnetic resonance and hybrid distance geometry-dynamical simulated annealing.

1BDS: Determination of the three-dimensional solution structure of the antihypertensive and antiviral protein BDS-I from the sea anemone Anemonia sulcata: a study using nuclear magnetic resonance and hybrid distance geometry-dynamical simulated annealing.

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

During embryonic development, early neurogenesis can be divided into several components, such as the origin, proliferation and movement of neural stem cells and progenitor cells, which are regulated by conserved genes and signalling pathways. These fundamental aspects of neurogenesis have been extensively studied in only a few bilaterian model organisms, leaving many questions regarding the evolution of this process open. The cnidarian and bilaterian lineages are sister groups that separated approximately 600 million years ago. Cnidarians have an informative position to study the early evolution of cellular and molecular aspects of neurogenesis and to understand common principles of neural development. Nematostella vectensis is a sea anemone, member of the phylum Cnidaria. They possess epithelial neural progenitor cells that express NvSoxB(2) and Atonal-like transcription factors. The Notch signalling pathways regulates the number of progenitor cells and achaete-scute is involved in further ...

New study reveals that a synthetic compound ShK-186, which comes from a sea anemone toxin can be used to treat obesity and insulin resistance.

Yellow sulphur sponge and white metridium anemones, on a cold water reef teeming with invertebrate life. Plumose Anemone photo. Metridium senile photograph.

|div|The Saddle Anemone, |i|Stichodactyla haddoni|/i|, is commonly referred to as Haddons Anemone, Saddle Carpet Anemone, or the Saddleback Anemone. It features short and blunt stinging tent

Coral reefs, and their associated diverse ecosystems, are of enormous ecological importance. In recent years, coral health has been severely impacted by environmental stressors brought on by human activity and climate change, threatening the extinction of several major reef ecosystems. Reef damage is mediated by a process called coral bleaching where corals, sea anemones, and other cnidarians lose their photosynthetic algal symbionts (family Symbiodiniaceae) upon stress induction, resulting in drastically decreased host energy harvest and, ultimately, coral death. The mechanism by which this critical cnidarian-algal symbiosis is lost remains poorly understood. The larvae of the sea anemone, Exaiptasia pallida (commonly referred to as Aiptasia) are an attractive model organism to study this process, but they are large (∼100 mm in length, ∼75 mm in diameter), deformable, and highly motile, complicating long-term imaging and limiting study of this critical endosymbiotic relationship in live

The results completely change the way we think of the origin of germ layers. It means that endoderm in sea anemones and vertebrates, although they are called the same, are actually not evolutionary related adds Ulrich Technau. If the mouth ectoderm of the sea anemone and not the endoderm corresponds to the vertebrate gut and pancreas, then what is the vertebrate correlate of the sea anemone endoderm? When Steinmetz and Technau dwelled deeper into this question, they found strong similarities between the cnidarian endoderm and the intermediate mesoderm layer: both share a large number of regulatory genes, and both give rise to similar cell types such as muscle or gonad cells. The sea anemone thus shows a clear correlate of mesoderm, but not in an intermediate position as found in three-layered animals. Positioning, and not novel emergence, of tissue in-between the gut and skin was thus the key event that led to the evolution of three-layered animals. An overwhelming majority of animals ...

Shopping for Fish Tank Aquarium Decor Silicone Simulation Sea Anemone Plant Light Purple from sourcingmap, enjoy low price and free shipping worldwide. The online supermarket offers whatever you want. Buy more, save more.

Commensal Shrimp in Sea Anemone, Periclimenes sp., Ambon, Moluccas, Indonesia, Image no. rds_15810 - underwater images by Reinhard Dirscherl.

The Sea Anemone is the smallest of the three new ceramic bottle designs. It is just so pretty! Height: 6.5cm Diameter: 5cm The new collection of ceramic bottles from LoveHate are just gorgeous. Three different shapes are available, each with different surface textures. Group a trio of the same colour, or mix and match with pink, charcoal, cream and limited edition gold. Each

Stinging cells can be used as tiny needles to inject drugs into the skin - sea anemone face creams should be available to buy next year

The body plans cnidarians generally have radial symmetry (Fig. 3.25 A). Because the tentacles of corals, jellyfish, and sea anemones have this radial structure, they can sting and capture food coming from any direction.. Many cnidarians take two main structural forms during their life cycles, a polyp form and a medusa form. The polyp form has a body shaped like a hollow cylinder or a bag that opens and closes at the top (Fig. 3.25 A). Tentacles form a ring around a small mouth at the top of the bag. The mouth leads to a central body cavity, the gastrovascular cavity (Fig. 3.24 B). Polyps attach to hard surfaces with their mouths up. Because they are sessile organisms, they can only capture food that touches their tentacles. Their mesoglea layer is very thin. Corals and sea anemones are polyps. Most of these animals are small, but a few sea anemones can grow as large as 1 meter in diameter. The second structural form that cnidarians have is called the medusa form. Medusa bodies are shaped like an ...

Learn Sulcata tortoise appearance covers the different Sulcata tortoise colors available, ivory, Albino sulcata tortoise and other tortoise colors.

It is well known that the activities of the lysosomal cysteine proteinases are tightly regulated by their endogenous inhibitors, cystatins. Here we report a new inhibitor of cysteine proteinases isolated from sea anemone Actinia equina. The inhibitor, equistatin, is an acidic protein with pI 4.7 and molecular weight of 14,129. It binds tightly and rapidly to cathepsin L (ka = 5.7 x 10(7) M-1 s-1, Ki = 0.051 nM) and papain (ka = 1.2 x 10(7) M-1 s-1, Ki = 0.57 nM). The lower affinity for cathepsin B (Ki = 1.4 nM) was shown to be due mainly to a lower second order association rate constant (ka = 0.04 x 10(6) M-1 s-1). The inhibitor is composed of 128 amino acids forming two repeated domains with 48% identity. Neither of the domains shows any sequence homology to cystatins, but they do show a significant homology to thyroglobulin type-1 domains. A highly conserved consensus sequence motif of Cys-Trp-Cys-Val together with conserved Cys, Pro, and Gly residues is present in major histocompatibility ...

Formatted Alignments tph_nematostella tph_qpcr tph_cloned 10 20 30 G T G T G T T T C T T T G A G T G A G G A A A A T G C A C G C T T T G A G T G A G G A A A A T G C A C G G T G T G T T T C T T T G A G T G A G G A A A A T G C A C G tph_nematostella tph_qpcr tph_cloned 40 50 60 C T G T A A G G C G C A A A A G A A C C T A C G A A A T C G C T G T A A G G C G C A A A A G A A C C T A C G A A A T C G C T G T A A G G C G C A A A A G A A C C T A C G A A A T C G tph_nematostella tph_qpcr tph_cloned 70 80 90 A G C C G G A C C A T G G C C C T G C T A A G A A G C A T G A G C C G G A C C A T G G C C C T G C T A A G A A G C A T G A G C C G G A C C A T G G C C C T G C T A A G A A G C A T G tph_nematostella tph_qpcr tph_cloned 100 110 120 A G G G C G A A T C A G A A A A G A A A G C T A C C A C G G A G G G C G A A T C A G A A A A G A A A G C T A C C A C G G A G G G C G A A T C A G A A A A G A A A G C T A C C A C G G tph_nematostella tph_qpcr tph_cloned 130 140 150 T A G T G T T T T C C C T G A A T G A G G A G G T ...

Amphiprion clarkii, known commonly as Clarks anemonefish and yellowtail clownfish, is a marine fish belonging to the family Pomacentridae, the clownfishes and damselfishes. Clownfish or anemonefish are fishes that, in the wild, form symbiotic mutualisms with sea anemones and are unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the host anemone, see Amphiprioninae § Symbiosis and mutualism. The sea anemone protects the clownfish from predators, as well as providing food through the scraps left from the anemones meals and occasional dead anemone tentacles. In return, the clownfish defends the anemone from its predators, and parasites. Clownfish are small-sized, 10-18 centimetres (3.9-7.1 in), and depending on species, they are overall yellow, orange, or a reddish or blackish color, and many show white bars or patches. Within species there may be color variations, most commonly according to distribution, but also based on sex, age and host anemone. Clownfish are found in warmer waters of the Indian and ...

Looking for online definition of Flower Anemone in the Medical Dictionary? Flower Anemone explanation free. What is Flower Anemone? Meaning of Flower Anemone medical term. What does Flower Anemone mean?

The orange-fin anemonefish (Amphiprion chrysopterus ) is a marine fish belonging to the family Pomacentridae, the clownfishes and damselfishes, found in the Western Pacific north of the Great Barrier Reef from the surface to 20 m, to include the Pacific Ocean between Queensland, Australia, and New Guinea to the Marshall and Tuamotus Islands. It can grow to 17 cm in length. Clownfish or anemonefish are fishes, that in the wild, form symbiotic mutualisms with sea anemones and are unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the host anemone, see Amphiprioninae § Symbiosis and mutualism. The sea anemone protects the clownfish from predators, as well as providing food through the scraps left from the anemones meals and occasional dead anemone tentacles. In return, the clownfish defends the anemone from its predators and parasites. Clownfish are small-sized, 10-18 cm (3.9-7.1 in), and depending on species, they are overall yellow, orange, or a reddish or blackish color, and many show white bars or ...

Many cnidarians, including the reef-building corals, undergo symbiotic mutualisms with photosynthetic dinoflagellate algae of the family Symbiodiniaceae. These partnerships are sensitive to temperature extremes, which cause symbiont loss and increased coral mortality. Previous studies have implicated host immunity and specifically immunity transcription factor NF-κB as having a role in the maintenance of the cnidarian-algal symbiosis. Here we have further investigated a possible role for NF-κB in establishment and loss of symbiosis in various strains of the anemone Exaiptasia (Aiptasia) and in the coral Pocillopora damicornis. Our results show that NF-κB expression is reduced in Aiptasia larvae and adults that host certain algae strains. Treatment of Aiptasia larvae with a known symbiosis-promoting cytokine, transforming growth factor β, also led to decreased NF-κB expression. We also show that aposymbiotic Aiptasia (with high NF-κB expression) have increased survival following infection ...

Terrestrial hermit crabs begin their lives in the sea but, through a series of molts, develop the ability to breathe air. After the last developmental molt, the young hermit crab will drown if left in water for an indefinite period of time. Their link with the sea is never entirely broken, however, as hermit crabs carry a small amount of water in their shells at all times to keep their abdomen moist and their modified gills hydrated.. For some larger marine hermit crab species, having one or more sea anemones (a group of water dwelling, predatory animals of the order Actiniaria) growing on the shell can be very useful, because the anemones tend to scare away fish and other marine predators which might otherwise attack the crab. The sea anemone also benefits because it is well-positioned to consume loose fragments of the hermit crabs meals. Because of this mutualism (a biological interaction between individuals of two different species), sea anemones can be, and sometimes are, transferred to a ...

Setting up home in the stinging tentacles of a sea anemone might seem like a risky option, but anemonefish - popularly known as clownfish - are perfectly content in their unlikely abode. Fending off peckish anemone predators in return for refuge, plucky clownfish have achieved a satisfactory arrangement with their deadly partners. Yet Joe Szczebak from Auburn University, USA, wondered whether there might be more to the unconventional collaboration than met the eye. According to Szczeback, coral reefs are awash with oxygen during the day, but levels can plummet overnight when photosynthesis has ceased. Adding that some damselfish waft oxygen-rich water over corals at night to supplement their oxygen supply, Szczebak wondered whether clownfish might have struck a similar deal with their anemone hosts. There had been almost no research done on the clownfish-anemone mutualism at night, explains Szczebak, so he and his Masters thesis advisor, Nanette Chadwick, decided to find out whether clownfish ...

Last weekend, my friend Heidi and her husband, Rich, invited the kids and I to join them for tidepooling at Leo Carrillo Beach, just north of Malibu. It was so much fun, and I hadnt done that since I was a teenager. We saw sea anemones, hermit crabs, starfish, and (gasp!) we all got to hold an octopus! You know, I have heard that sea anemones sting, but one of the best things about tidepooling when I was a kid was to touch a sea anemone and watch it curl up. I used to put seashells in the center of the anemones to watch them grab them, presumably to devour them. But then a minute or two later, you watch them spit the shells out. So, I tentatively touched one this time, and lo and behold they still dont sting! So I taught my kids how to touch them so they could have the experience of watching them curl up, too. Now, I would say that 10% of the time, the kids explored the tidepools, and 90% of the time they played Star Wars with Jacob and Connor on the beach, but I loved being there to watch ...

Strict service-service interactions are very rare, for reasons that are far from clear.[6] One example is the relationship between sea anemones and anemone fish in the family Pomacentridae: the anemones provide the fish with protection from predators (which cannot tolerate the stings of the anemones tentacles) and the fish defend the anemones against butterflyfish (family Chaetodontidae), which eat anemones. However, in common with many mutualisms, there is more than one aspect to it: in the anemonefish-anemone mutualism, waste ammonia from the fish feed the symbiotic algae that are found in the anemones tentacles.[9][10] Therefore, what appears to be a service-service mutualism in fact has a service-resource component. A second example is that of the relationship between some ants in the genus Pseudomyrmex and trees in the genus Acacia, such as the whistling thorn and bullhorn acacia. The ants nest inside the plants thorns. In exchange for shelter, the ants protect acacias from attack by ...

Home 90210 Starlet Jessica Stroup Celebrates Birthday at PURE Nightclub 90210 Starlet Jessica Stroup Celebrates Birthday at PURE Nightclub ...

Anemone Botany Exterior Forests: 7 assigned downloads, like Wood Anemone, Anemone nemorosa, Dalby Hage, Dalby Soederskog National Park, Malmoehus Laen, Skane, Sweden from stock-photos

These data describe the abundance of settler-stage three-spot dascyllus (Dascyllus trimaculatus), a planktivorous damselfish to their juvenile microhabitat, the sea anemone Heteractis magnifica. Surveys were begun in 1993, and, except for 1994, have been conducted daily each year between June and September on a reef adjacent to the UC Berkeley Gump Research Station in Cooks Bay on the north shore of the island of Moorea in French Polynesia. This time series completed in 2012.. ...

The clown fish is a kind of fish. Clownfishes habitat usually is a coral reefs. Clownfish live in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, from north west Australia, the coast of South East Asia as far north as Japan.[1] Often, they live in a symbiosis with other animals, for instance the sea anemone. They live in anemones which are like plants under the sea. Anemones eat fish by killing them with their tentacles which are poisonous. Scientists believe that clown fish are protected from the poison because they are coated in a type of mucus.[1] Some kinds of clown fishes can grow up and reach 18 centimeters (7.1 inches). Sometimes clownfishes only grow 10 centimeters (3.9 inches). They can be orange, yellow or they may look a little red. Clownfishes eat small invertebrates that are dangerous to the anemones. That helps the anemones and the clownfishes. This is called mutualism. ...

Corals, sea anemones and jellyfish belong to a group of animals called cnidarians (pronounced nid-air-e-ans). There are two others in the cnidarian group: hydroids, known collectively as sea firs; and siphonophores, such as the Portuguese man-of-war, which are not single creatures, but colonies of many specialised individuals.. With 1,048 marine species, cnidarians are one of the largest groups of invertebrates in New Zealand waters. Although they may look quite different from each other, they share a common ancestry.. A feature of cnidarians is that they may have two forms. In one, the medusa or jellyfish phase, it is free swimming; in the other, it attaches to a surface and is called a polyp.. Cnidarians have a simple sac-like body, with a single opening surrounded by a ring of tentacles. Their body is made of two distinct layers of tissue, separated by a thick gelatinous substance called mesoglea.. All cnidarians have specialised stinging or nettle cells in their tentacles (their name comes ...

Anemone Altaica Rhizome prostrate, stolonlike, ca. 2 mm in diam., also oblique, nodulose, short, 5--8 mm in diam. Scalelike leaves 2 or 3, 4--6 mm. L

Pictures of ranunculaceae wildflowers of West USA. Flower with seven white sepals; anemone narcissiflora (narcissus-flowered anemone), along the Timber Lake Trail in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. High resolution version

Background Clownfishes (Pomacentridae) are brightly colored coral reef fishes well known for their mutualistic symbiosis with tropical sea anemones. These fishes live in social groups in which there is a size-based dominance hierarchy. In this structure where sex is socially controlled, agonistic interactions are numerous and serve to maintain size differences between individuals adjacent in rank. Clownfishes are also prolific callers whose sounds seem to play an important role in the social hierarchy. Here, we aim to review and to synthesize the diversity of sounds produced by clownfishes in order to emphasize the importance of acoustic signals in their way of life. Methodology/Principal Findings Recording the different acoustic behaviors indicated that sounds are divided into two main categories: aggressive sounds produced in conjunction with threat postures (charge and chase), and submissive sounds always emitted when fish exhibited head shaking movements (i.e. a submissive posture). Both types of

Plant Parts used Active Compounds Uses in Medicine belladonna leaves, roots atropine, hyoscamine cardiac stimulant pupil dilator Madagascar periwinkle leaves vinblastine, vincristine leukemia, Hodgkin s disease, other cancers fever bark tree bark quinine malaria foxglove leaves digitoxin, digoxin cardiac stimulant diuretic yam tubers steroids cortisone, sex hormones, oral contraceptives Mormon tea leaves ephedrine decongestant, treatment of low blood pressure & asthma willow bark salicin analgesic, anti- inflammatory. ...

Healthy thalli of Parmelia sulcata Taylor were transplanted to 8 localities in the surroundings of a power station (La Robla, Leon, Spain), the sole pollution source in the region. Changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence were monitored in the transplants 12 months, 18 months and 24 months after transplantation. Statistically significant differences were observed in the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence, non-photochemical fluorescence quenching and vitality index. The decrease in fluorescence parameters was higher in the localities of Cuadros and Rabanal de Fenar, which are situated a few kilometres away from the power station and in the same direction as the prevailing winds ...

ATRs ultimate goal is to stop the illegal trade in turtles and tortoises around the world. The first priority here in the U.S. is to ask pet stores and reptile shows to stop the sale of hatchling tortoises and turtles without proper information for the buyer. For example, many people buy sulcata tortoises as an impulse buy because they are so adorable when they are tiny. The breeders and pet stores frequently do not tell the buyers that this tortoise can grow to 100 pounds or more and needs constant heat throughout the year since they do not hibernate ...

ATRs ultimate goal is to stop the illegal trade in turtles and tortoises around the world. The first priority here in the U.S. is to ask pet stores and reptile shows to stop the sale of hatchling tortoises and turtles without proper information for the buyer. For example, many people buy sulcata tortoises as an impulse buy because they are so adorable when they are tiny. The breeders and pet stores frequently do not tell the buyers that this tortoise can grow to 100 pounds or more and needs constant heat throughout the year since they do not hibernate ...

Blue-banded Goby (Lythrypnus dalli) rests on coralline algae near a Sea star and coral and anemone polyps. Channel Islands, pacific, California, USA

Appeltans W, Bouchet P, Boxshall GA, Fauchald K, Gordon DP, Hoeksema BW, Poore GCB, van Soest RWM, Stöhr S, Walter TC, Costello MJ. (Eds). 2011. World Register of Marine Species. Available at: http://www.marinespecies.org. (Accessed: August 2011).. Czerwiec, E., De Backer, J.P., Vauquelin, G. and Vanderheyden, P.M.L. 1996. High-affinity binding of [3H]neuropeptide Y to a polypeptide from the venom of Conus anemone. European Journal of Pharmacology 315: 355-362.. Guido, T., Poppe, Poppe, P. 1996-2011. Conchology.be. Mactan Available at: http://www.conchology.be/. (Accessed: March 2011).. IUCN. 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2013.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 12 June 2013).. Kohn, A.J. 2003. Biology of Conus on shores of the Dampier Archipelago, Northwestern Australia. In: Wells, F.E., Walker, D.I. and Jones, D.S. (eds), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Dampier, Western Australia, pp. 12. Western Australian Museum, Perth.. Poppe, G. T. and Poppe, P. ...

Anemone is in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae), which is noted for its combination of poison and medicine. Many members are simply poisonous, and most of the medicinal members possess toxicity in larger doses. I know of only one edible in this family-the marsh marigold (Caltha palustris)-and its edibility is marginal at best.

Called the Windflower, this is one of our loveliest woodland flowers, with its delicate white blossoms and ferny foliage. It prefers damp soil and light shade, so it is suited to hedgerows and areas, under deciduous shrubs and trees, where it will spread happily. Plant twig like rhizomes horizontally, up to 1 below a surface of soil or leaf-mould. AGM

Premier Paints T86-2 Anemone precisely matched in house paint, spray paint, brush in cap bottles, paint pens, and other sizes for painting applications.

Rue Anemone is a delicate-looking early spring plant that blooms in various shades of pink.  It dies back in mid-summer, making it a true spring ephemeral.

Palythoa caribaeorum (class Anthozoa) is a zoanthid that together jellyfishes, hydra, and sea anemones, which are venomous and predatory, belongs to the Phyllum Cnidaria. The distinguished feature in these marine animals is the cnidocytes in the body tissues, responsible for toxin production and injection that are used majorly for prey capture and defense. With exception for other anthozoans, the toxin cocktails of zoanthids have been scarcely studied and are poorly known. Here, based on the analysis of P. caribaeorum transcriptome, numerous predicted venom-featured polypeptides were identified, including allergens, neurotoxins, membrane-active and Kunitz-like peptides (PcKuz). The three predicted PcKuz isotoxins (1 to 3) were selected for functional studies. Through computational processing comprising structural phylogenetic analysis, molecular docking, and dynamics simulation, PcKuz3 was shown to be a potential voltage gated potassium-channel inhibitor. PcKuz3 fitted well as new functional ...

Cnidarian Venoms: Venoms from jellyfish; CORALS; SEA ANEMONES; etc. They contain hemo-, cardio-, dermo- , and neuro-toxic substances and probably ENZYMES. They include palytoxin, sarcophine, and anthopleurine.

LAWRENCE -- Its a shocking discovery that may redefine how scientists interpret what it means to be an animal.. This week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers at the University of Kansas will reveal how a jellyfish -- those commonplace sea pests with stinging tentacles -- have evolved over time into really weird microscopic organisms, made of only a few cells, that live inside other animals.. Genome sequencing confirms that myxozoans, a diverse group of microscopic parasites that infect invertebrate and vertebrate hosts, are actually are highly reduced cnidarians -- the phylum that includes jellyfish, corals and sea anemones.. This is a remarkable case of extreme degeneration of an animal body plan, said Paulyn Cartwright, associate professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at KU and principal investigator on the research project. First, we confirmed theyre cnidarians. Now we need to investigate how they got to be that way.. Not only has the parasitic ...

When you think of paradise, what comes to mind? Although the answer is sure to be different for everyone, many people likely share a vision of paradise that includes warm, sunny days spent on pristine tropical beaches.. If your idea of paradise includes sandy beaches and crystal-clear waters, then you would likely spend hours each day swimming and diving in your lush aquatic surroundings. In addition to playing amongst fishes all the colors of the rainbow, youd probably also enjoy the sight of long stretches of coral reefs.. As you swim past and examine the corals up close, you might begin to WONDER exactly what they are. They appear to be alive, yet they also look a lot like rocks. The way theyre rooted to the ocean floor also makes them resemble plants. So are they animals, plants, or rocks?. Scientists will tell you that corals are indeed invertebrate animals. They belong to the colorful group of animals known as Cnidaria, which also includes jellyfish and sea anemones. These interesting ...

platypus][1]The platypus is [a bit like a fruitcake][2]. Shove a bunch of leftover genes in there, mix it up and send it to your relatives see what kind of animal you get.. Thats kind of the approach evolution used when designing this odd creatures venom; scientists have just determined that the venom contains over 80 different toxins in 13 different classes. The poison can kill small animals, and can leave humans in pain for weeks. The venom is delivered through a barb on the males foot-its thought that the fellas use the poison during mating season to show dominance.. At least three of the toxins are unique to the platypus and the rest are strikingly similar to proteins from a variety of animals including snakes, lizards, starfish, and sea anemones. It seems that some of these toxins have evolved separately in different animal lineages to perform the same function, a process called convergent evolution. [The study][3]s lead author, Wesley Warren, told [Nature News][4]:. Warren says that ...

Barbados West Coast offers magnificent views of the Caribbean Sea. Folkestone Marine Reserve is a protected area, under the protection of the National Conservation Commission. It is well known for its artificial reef which was created by the deliberate sinking of the ship Stavronikita. This reef is located less than half of a mile from the shore, and is 120ft deep. These deep crystal clear waters of the Caribbean Sea makes this is an excellent spot for experienced scuba divers to explore. It should be noted that scuba divers should always explore the deep in the company of others. The reef provides shelter for many forms of marine life, including sea anemones, lilies, fans and sponges.. Folkestone also has an inshore reef found in the Recreational Zone of the Reserve. This area is mostly utilized by snorkelers. Folkestone Marine Reserve houses a Museum which provides information and photographs on coastal marine life; it also features an aquarium with rare and fascinating sea creatures. Tennis ...

Not all brains are made the same: new views on brain scaling in evolution. Brain Behav Evol 78:22-36 Higgins MR, Gibson NJ, Eckholdt PA, Nighorn A, Copenhaver PF, Nardi J, et al. 2002. Different isoforms of fasciclin II are expressed by a subset of developing olfactory receptor neurons and by olfactory-nerve glial cells during formation of glomeruli in the moth Manduca sexta. Dev Biol 244:134-154. Hijazi A, Masson W, Augé B, Waltzer L, Haenlin M, Roch F. 2009. Boudin is required for septate junction organisation in Drosophila and codes for a diff usible protein of the Ly6 superfamily. GABA and glutamate immunoreactivity in tentacles of the sea anemone Phymactis papillosa (LESSON 1830). J Morphol 271:845-852. Doherty J, Logan MA, Taşdemir OE, Freeman MR. 2009. Ensheathing glia function as phagocytes in the adult Drosophila brain. J Neurosci 29:4768-4781. Einheber S. 1997. The axonal membrane protein Caspr, a homologue of neurexin IV, is a component of the septate-like paranodal junctions that ...

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Demi lashes for a glamorous doe-eyed look. Why we love it- Benefit has more lash looks than days of the week. The new lash lovelies collection lets you be whoever, whenever. Custom designed to fit precisely, its easy to apply them like a pro. Apply a thin line of lash glue along the base of false eyelashes. Let it set for 30 seconds or until tacky. Position the lash close to the base of your natural lashes and gently press down from outer corner inwards. To remove gently peel off from outer to inner corner of eyelid.

Sharon Stone is a long way from her star turn in the movie Basic Instinct as a femme fatale who flashes her vaj during an interrogation. Thirty years on, paying audiences dont want to see her vagina anymore. And, if the bitterness and sour grapes that drip from this recent interview with Stone are any…

Thank you all so much for your feedback on my rose dress dilemma! Your responses were passionate and quite varied, to say the least. I kept changing my mind with each new comment! Im so impressionable. Which is why I feel I must pull out the big decision-making guns: listening to my mother. She feels that Michael Kors-designed Vogue 1117 is to die for, and I cannot, in good conscience, disobey my mom. Thats what a good daughter I am. (I can just hear her laughing in disbelief as I write this ...

Thank you all so much for your feedback on my rose dress dilemma! Your responses were passionate and quite varied, to say the least. I kept changing my mind with each new comment! Im so impressionable. Which is why I feel I must pull out the big decision-making guns: listening to my mother. She feels that Michael Kors-designed Vogue 1117 is to die for, and I cannot, in good conscience, disobey my mom. Thats what a good daughter I am. (I can just hear her laughing in disbelief as I write this ...

Frustrated by his lack of game time at the King Power Stadium, youngster Demarai Gray has given the Foxes an ultimatum, as the summer transfer window enters its

MANCHESTER UNITED-bound Jadon Sancho will add a lot for England if he gets to play against Ukraine.That is according to Jamie Redknapp, who describes

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France - Uzbekistan, FIFA U-20 World Cup Turkey 2013: Les Bleus turned on the style in dismantling the Uzbeks, finding four goals in the process.