Converging evidence from epidemiological, clinical and neuropsychological research suggests a link between cannabis use and increased risk of psychosis. Long-term cannabis use has also been related to deficit-like negative symptoms and cognitive impairment that resemble some of the clinical and cognitive features of schizophrenia. The current functional brain imaging study investigated the impact of a history of heavy cannabis use on impaired executive function in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Whilst performing the Tower of London task in a magnetic resonance imaging scanner, event-related blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) brain activation was compared between four age and gender-matched groups: 12 first-episode schizophrenia patients; 17 long-term cannabis users; seven cannabis using first-episode schizophrenia patients; and 17 healthy control subjects. BOLD activation was assessed as a function of increasing task difficulty within and between groups as well as the main effects ...

Hebephrenic schizophrenia consists of huge psychological disorganization May 19, 2020 · Assignment must be typed and a minimum of 10 pages, 5 evidence-based references are required and cited accordingly. The prevailing hypothesis for schizophrenia implicates the neurotransmitter dopamine as playing a key role in the. But when she schizophrenia the morning off, was some sort of complicated piano, drenched. A Beautiful Mind centers around the character of John Nashs downward spiral from a …. Dr. Essay # 1. She looked amused, but when she Jackie mused as she heated a skillet. Dopamine acts on several areas of the brain with differing effects. down thin that This. Childhood Onset Schizophrenia And Schizophrenia Essays. It can affect a human being as early as at five years of age and is equally common in both genders Oct 14, 2019 · An Essay on Schizophrenia and Science , JAMA Psychiatry Schizophrenia is a serious and chronic mental illness that impairs a persons thoughts and behavior, and ...

A lifelong treatment is required for Early Onset Schizophrenia or Pediatric Schizophrenia or Childhood Onset Schizophrenia even in occasions that symptoms appear to have diminished. Managing the symptoms successfully is the key to proper recovery of Early Onset Schizophrenia or Pediatric Schizophrenia or Childhood Onset Schizophrenia.

The incidence of suicide is high among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and psychosis. A systematic review was performed to investigate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in reducing suicidal behaviour among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and psychosis. Cochrane, PubMed and PsycINFO databases were searched to January 2012. Additional materials were obtained from reference lists. Randomised Controlled Trials describing psychosocial interventions for psychotic disorders with attention placebo, treatment as usual (TAU), no intervention or waitlist control groups were included. In total, 11,521 abstracts were identified. Of those, 10 papers describing 11 trials targeting psychosocial interventions for reducing suicidal behaviour in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and psychosic symptoms or disorders met the inclusion criteria. Odds Ratios describing the likelihood of a reduction in suicidal behaviour or ideation ranged from 0.09 to 1.72 at post-test

What is schizophrenia?. Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that affects more than 1% of the worlds population. Schizophrenia affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. People with schizophrenia may seem like they have lost touch with reality. They may hear voices other people dont hear. They may think other people are trying to hurt them. Sometimes they dont make any sense when they talk.. Schizophrenia takes an enormous toll on the individual and the afflicted families. Many people with schizophrenia have difficulty maintaining a job or living independently, though it is important to recognize that treatment, especially at the onset of symptoms, allows individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia to lead meaningful, productive lives. Hence early identification and treatment may be the key to a better outcome and lives restored from Schizophrenia. Risk factors for Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia occurs in slightly more men than women Affects all social and cultural groups. Usual ...

Phone: 778-317-4952. Many factors, both genetic and environmental, have been blamed for increasing the risk of a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Some, such as a family history of schizophrenia, are widely accepted. Others, such as infection with Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite transmitted by soil, undercooked meat and cat feces, are still viewed with skepticism.. A new study by Gary Smith, professor of population biology and epidemiology at the University of Pennsylvanias School of Veterinary Medicine, used epidemiological modeling methods to determine the proportion of schizophrenia cases that may be attributable to T. gondii infection. The work, published in the journal Preventive Veterinary Medicine, suggests that about one-fifth of cases may involve the parasite.. Infection with Toxoplasma is very common, so, even if only a small percentage of people suffer adverse consequences, we could be talking about problems that affect thousands and thousands of people, Smith said.. In the United States, ...

Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that affects the way a person acts, thinks, and sees the world. People with schizophrenia have an altered perception of reality, often a significant loss of contact with reality. They may see or hear things that dont exist, speak in strange or confusing ways, believe that others are trying to harm them, or feel like theyre being constantly watched. With such a blurred line between the real and the imaginary, schizophrenia makes it difficult-even frightening-to negotiate the activities of daily life. In response, people with schizophrenia may withdraw from the outside world or act out in confusion and fear.. Most cases of schizophrenia appear in the late teens or early adulthood. However, schizophrenia can appear for the first time in middle age or even later. In rare cases, schizophrenia can even affect young children and adolescents, although the symptoms are slightly different. In general, the earlier schizophrenia develops, the more severe it is. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Decreased BDNF in patients with antipsychotic naïve first episode schizophrenia. AU - Jindal, Ripu D.. AU - Pillai, Anilkumar R. AU - Mahadik, Sahebrao P.. AU - Eklund, Kevin. AU - Montrose, Debra M.. AU - Keshavan, Matcheri S.. PY - 2010/6/1. Y1 - 2010/6/1. N2 - Objective: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key factor known to mediate neuronal proliferation, differentiation, survival and response to stress. Decreases in BDNF levels have been reported in schizophrenia, but studies in treatment naïve patients are few. Herein we report on serum BDNF levels in a series of patients with first-episode treatment naïve psychoses in comparison to age matched healthy controls. Method: Fasting serum BDNF levels were measured in 41 patients with treatment naive first episode psychosis (24 with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or schizophreniform disorder, and 17 with non-schizophrenia psychotic disorders) and 41 age-matched healthy controls. Results: A three group ...

The neurodevelopmental hypothesis. This theory attempts to link together a number of different research findings on the development of Schizophrenia. It is more common for people with Schizophrenia to have had a viral illness early in their foetal development. It has also been found that babies who experience difficulties at birth resulting in lack of oxygen to the brain have an increased risk of developing Schizophrenia. In addition, brain scans of people with Schizophrenia show that compared to the rest of the population, there are differences in their brains. These studies have established that people with Schizophrenia have higher levels of structural brain abnormalities. Together these findings suggest a link between damage to the developing brain and development of Schizophrenia in later life.. The use of drugs. The role of specific street-drugs in the development of Schizophrenia has become a topic of increasing interest in recent years. Research suggests that use of cannabis increases ...

Numerous studies have evaluated the association between Ser311Cys (rs1801028, C|G) polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene and schizophrenia risk. However, the specific association is still controversial. We examined whether DRD2 Ser311Cys polymorphism confers schizophrenia risk in Asian populations. Sixteen studies were retrieved reporting on a total of 2268 schizophrenia patients and 2423 healthy controls. Meta-analysis of the results showed significant associations between Ser311Cys polymorphism and schizophrenia risk in the comparisons of G versus C (odds ratio (OR) = 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18-1.83, P = 0.0006) and CG+GG versus CC (OR = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.16- 1.82, P = 0.001). In a subgroup analysis by nationality, we found a significant association between Ser311Cys polymorphism and schizophrenia risk in the comparisons of G versus C and CG+GG versus CC genotype in the Japanese population (OR = 1.75, 95%CI = 1.30-2.35, P = 0.0002; OR = 1.72, 95%CI = 1.27-2.33, P = 0.0004;

Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that levies a heavy medical toll and cost burden throughout the world. Scientific collaborations are necessary for progress in psychiatric research. However, there have been few publications on scientific collaborations in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of author collaborations in schizophrenia research. This study used 58,107 records on schizophrenia from 2003 to 2012 which were downloaded from Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI Expanded) via Web of Science. CiteSpace III, an information visualization and analysis software, was used to make a visual analysis. Collaborative author networks within the field of schizophrenia were determined using published documents. We found that external author collaboration networks were more scattered while potential author collaboration networks were more compact. Results from hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the main collaborative field was genetic research in schizophrenia.

The Schizophrenia Research Forum, (SRF) is recognized in the community of researchers in psychiatric disease as a reliable and respected resource for rapid news, discussion and information. Their Mission is to help researchers in their quest for causes, improved treatments, and better understanding of schizophrenia. The Schizophrenia Research Forum has recently launched a monthly podcast. Click here to listen and subscribe.. Visit the Schizophrenia Research Forum website: www.schizophreniaforum.org. ...

Schizophrenia - MedHelps Schizophrenia Center for Information, Symptoms, Resources, Treatments and Tools for Schizophrenia. Find Schizophrenia information, treatments for Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia symptoms.

Teenage schizophrenia is connected with formation of a pathological mental state in perception of environment. At first there are nervous breakdowns, tearfulness, temper tantrum and loss of strength. The first signs of teenager schizophrenia can be distinguished in the early childhood.. The main signs of malignant teenager schizophrenia are: fast forcing of negative emotions, intellect disorder with the expressed autism, mobility decrease, loss of strength and emotions. Childrens schizophrenia proceeds more severe than teenage, with emphasis on oligophrenia.. Schizophrenia is very widespread. From 5 mentally sick teenagers 1-2 are schizophrenics. Nevertheless between adult and teenage schizophrenia there are serious differences. There are some types of teenager schizophrenia.. Process schizophrenia. This kind is detected in early childhood. At teenage the illness progresses. The first clinical signs are noticeable by 3 years. The child becomes flaccid, badly perceives reality, aloofness from ...

In the past ten years, major developments in scientific research have drastically changed the way schizophrenia is viewed. Neuroscience, in particular, has enabled researchers to frame different questions when investigating this illness and we are now coming to a deeper understanding of it.In this much-needed book, Michael Green, an expert in the neurocognition of schizophrenia, presents an integrated overview of schizophrenia covering a wide range of topics in lively, understandable prose. He outlines a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia, discusses neurocognitive indicators of genetic vulnerability, the introduction of a new generation of medications, recent findings from brain imaging, cognitive remediation, and the determinants of functional outcome. He presents a modern view of schizophrenia based on neuroscience that goes far beyond the symptoms of the illness.Schizophrenia Revealed gives the reader an important overview of the most recent developments in our understanding of schizophrenia.

21 Jan 2009 All Content, Article Title, Abstract, Keywords, Authors, Article Title, Abstract Many people with schizophrenia experience stigma caused by other peoples survey in 27 countries, in centres affiliated to the INDIGO Research Network, Anticipated discrimination affected 469 (64%) in applying for work, BibSonomy :: Publikation :: IT Development and Management of a Live e-Research System - Experiences with the Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank. Schizophrenia Research Papers Brain mapping confirms patients with schizophrenia have impaired ability to imitate. by David Salisbury , Mar. 14, 2014, 12:00 AM , Want The latest round of projects to be funded by the Institute was announced yesterday, which will partly inform the direction of the Institutes research in the coming title for romeo and juliet essay yahoo title for rosa parks essay title for schizophrenia research paper title for segregation essay title for smoking 24 Feb 2016 Isee essay topics Geography dissertation examples ...

Metabolic profile at first-time schizophrenia diagnosis: a population-based cross-sectional study Henriette Thisted Horsdal,1,2 Michael Eriksen Benros,2,3 Ole Köhler-Forsberg,2–4 Jesper Krogh,3 Christiane Gasse1,2,5 1National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 2The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, 3Faculty of Health Sciences, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 4Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, 5Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Objective: Schizophrenia and/or antipsychotic drug use are associated with metabolic abnormalities; however, knowledge regarding metabolic status and physician’s monitoring of metabolic status at first schizophrenia diagnosis is sparse. We assessed the prevalence of monitoring for metabolic blood abnormalities

TY - JOUR. T1 - Prenatal malnutrition and adult Schizophrenia. T2 - Further evidence from the 1959-1961 chinese famine. AU - Xu, Ming Qing. AU - Sun, Wen Sheng. AU - Liu, Ben Xiu. AU - Feng, Guo Yin. AU - Yu, Lan. AU - Yang, Lawrence. AU - He, Guang. AU - Sham, Pak. AU - Susser, Ezra. AU - St. Clair, David. AU - He, Lin. PY - 2009/5. Y1 - 2009/5. N2 - Objective: Evidence from the 1944-1995 Dutch Hunger Winter and the 1959-1961 Chinese famines suggests that those conceived or in early gestation during famines, have a 2-fold increased risk of developing schizophrenia in adult life. We tested the hypothesis in a second Chinese population and also determined whether risk differed between urban and rural areas. Method: The risk of schizophrenia was examined in Liuzhou prefecture of Guangxi autonomous region. Rates were compared among those conceived before, during, and after the famine years. Based on the decline in birth rates, we predicted that those born in 1960 and 1961 would have been exposed to ...

While this condition cannot be cured, it can be successfully treated. While this condition cannot be cured, it can be successfully treated. In fact, according to the National Advisory Mental Health Council, the treatment success rate for schizophrenia is â ¦ Though it affects about 1% of U.S. adults, many people donâ t know much about it. Schizophrenia is a difficult thing to diagnose, but more so, properly treat. Examples of second generation antipsychotics used to treat schizophrenia are: Some of the first generation antipsychotics that are sometimes still used include chlorpromazine (Thorazine), fluphenazine (Prolixin), haloperidol (Haldol), and perphenazine (Trifalon). Read current medical research on schizophrenia symptoms, medication and more. It is characterized by disorganized behavior and speech and includes disturbance in emotional expression. The first step to getting the best treatment is to get an accurate diagnosis. The causes of schizophrenia are unclear, but it seems that ...

The past decade has seen renewed interest in the neuropathology of schizophrenia. The advent of new postmortem techniques and functional imaging, along with a greater understanding of the neuropsychology of schizophrenia, have provided many new clues to the nature of the underlying brain dysfunction in this disorder. There has also been a greater understanding of the presence of severe cognitive dysfunction among many elderly persons with schizophrenia. In this article, a series of investigations are described that seek to answer basic questions about the neuropathology of schizophrenia, in particular as it pertains to cognitive impairment. The first study describes neuropathological findings in 100 consecutively autopsied persons with schizophrenia, the majority of whom had had detailed antemortem assessments. Results from this first study prompted the conclusion that schizophrenia is not characterized by classical, histologically identifiable neuropathology. Moreover, most cases of dementia in ...

Many modalities of cognition are affected in schizophrenia. The most common findings include dysfunctions of episodic and working memory and of executive functions. Although an inverse correlation between cortisol level and memory function has been proven, few studies have focused on the relationship between cortisol level and cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia. In an open, naturalistic, prospectivestudy, consecutively hospitalized males diagnosed with first-episode schizophrenia, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity (afternoon cortisol levels, post-dexamethasone cortisol levels) was evaluated before and at the end of acute treatment. Psychopathology was assessed using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Cognitive functions (memory, attention, psychomotor, verbal fluency, and executive functions) were tested after symptom alleviation using a neurocognitive test battery. In the total sample (n=23), significant decreases in total PANSS score (including all ...

There have been a number of recent anouncements (see earlier stories in our Daily Schizophrenia News blog - in May, if I remember correctly) that research teams in the UK and at Yale University - have developed the ability (with a high degree of accuracy - of 95% or higher) to identify the key brain changes that result in schizophrenia, well before (up to years before) the person shows outward signs or symptoms of schizophrenia (which it is now confirmed only become noticeable to most people well after the disease and the brain damage has progressed. This early diagnosis offers the opportunity to intervene in the disease process well-before it gets to the point of being full-blown schizophrenia - with the potential to prevent the development of the disease.. Today another news story comes out - that seems to be a duplicate of these earlier stories - and states that:. Using imaging software, doctors at the Royal Edinburgh Hospital and Edinburgh University have identified changes in the brain ...

Background Schizophrenia (SZ) is a heritable, complex mental disorder. We have seen limited success in finding causal genes for schizophrenia from numerous conventional studies. Protein interaction network and pathway-based analysis may provide us an alternative and effective approach to investigating the molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia. Methodology/Principal Findings We selected a list of schizophrenia candidate genes (SZGenes) using a multi-dimensional evidence-based approach. The global network properties of proteins encoded by these SZGenes were explored in the context of the human protein interactome while local network properties were investigated by comparing SZ-specific and cancer-specific networks that were extracted from the human interactome. Relative to cancer genes, we observed that SZGenes tend to have an intermediate degree and an intermediate efficiency on a perturbation spreading throughout the human interactome. This suggested that schizophrenia might have different pathological

Schizophrenia patients have markedly elevated prevalence of diabetes compared with the general population. However, risk of mortality and diabetes-related complications among schizophrenia patients with co-occurring diabetes is understudied.We investigated whether schizophrenia increased the risk of overall mortality, complications and post-complication mortality in people with diabetes.This population-based, propensity-score matched (1:10) cohort study identified 6991 patients with incident diabetes and pre-existing schizophrenia and 68 682 patients with incident diabetes only between 2001 and 2016 in Hong Kong using a medical record database of public healthcare services. Association between schizophrenia and all-cause mortality was examined with a Cox proportional hazards model. Effect of schizophrenia on first-year complication occurrence following diabetes diagnosis and post-complication mortality rates were evaluated.Schizophrenia was associated with increased all-cause mortality (adjusted ...

OBJECTIVE The primary purpose of this article was to determine if cognitive abilities decline, remain unchanged, or modestly improve throughout the course of schizophrenic illness. METHOD Forty-two patients with a first hospitalization for schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder and 16 normal comparison subjects had a battery of neuropsychological tests and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan at approximate yearly intervals for the first 2 to 5 years of illness. Summary rating scales for language, executive, memory, processing speed, and sensory-perceptual functions were constructed. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia scored 1 to 2 standard deviations below normal comparison subjects on neuropsychological test measures during the course of the study. Patients exhibited less improvement than comparison subjects on measures of verbal memory. In general, improvement in positive symptoms over the time interval was associated with improvement in cognition. No changes in regional brain

Assalamualaikum dearest readers,. This month marks the fifth installment of the #miasareachoutcampaign2018, where weve been focusing on topics such as stigma, anxiety, depression, and bipolar. This time, the spotlight is on Schizophrenia, so lets open up the space to talk about this heavily-stigmatized mental illness.. Over the next few weeks, our team will be sharing infographics on the general information on the Schizophrenia Spectrum and the different types of illnesses under this category, such as Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Delusional Disorder.. Below is a sneak peek:. This slideshow requires JavaScript. ...

The link between the use of cannabis and symptoms of schizophrenia is clear even though it has been surrounded by controversy. The use of cannabis can trigger and lead to an earlier onset of schizophrenia to those already predisposed to this mental illness. It is also clear that some people living with schizophrenia use cannabis as a way to medicate and manage their symptoms.. The reality is a lot is still unknown about the brain and research is still being done on the relationship between cannabis, the brain and schizophrenia.. Due to the fact that the brain (especially the pre-frontal cortex) is still developing until a person is approximately 25, B.C. Schizophrenia Society and many other schizophrenia societies strongly urge that people learn and know as much as they can about cannabis, psychosis and schizophrenia.. Here are some resources that weve gathered to provide you with more information.. ...

Schizophrenia is a heritable complex phenotype associated with a background risk involving multiple common genetic variants of small effect and a multitude of environmental exposures. Early twin and family studies using proxy-genetic liability measures suggest gene-environment interaction in the etiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but the molecular evidence is scarce. Here, by analyzing the main and joint associations of polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ) and environmental exposures in 1,699 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 1,542 unrelated controls with no lifetime history of a diagnosis of those disorders, we provide further evidence for gene-environment interaction in schizophrenia. Evidence was found for additive interaction of molecular genetic risk state for schizophrenia (binary mode of PRS-SCZ above 75% of the control distribution) with the presence of lifetime regular cannabis use and exposure to early-life adversities (sexual ...

Patients with schizophrenia have intact ability to experience emotion, but empirical evidence suggests that they fail to translate emotional salience into effortful behavior. Previous research in patients with chronic schizophrenia suggests that working memory is important in integrating emotion and behavior.. Dr. CHAN Raymond and his team from the Institute of Psychology of Chinese Academy of Sciences have examined emotion-behavior coupling in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. This work is based on a joint research-clinical programme of early psychosis intervention between Castle Peak Hospital in Hong Kong and Institute of Psychology. Dr. LUI Simon (a former doctoral graduate of Dr. Chan) is the person in-charge of the early psychosis programme.. Participants were 72 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 61 healthy controls. All participants completed a sophistical behavioral paradigm which elicited their emotion using IAPS pictures and measured their effortful behavior for ...

Define disorganized type schizophrenia. disorganized type schizophrenia synonyms, disorganized type schizophrenia pronunciation, disorganized type schizophrenia translation, English dictionary definition of disorganized type schizophrenia. Noun 1. disorganized type schizophrenia - a form of schizophrenia characterized by severe disintegration of personality including erratic speech and...

The underlying mechanisms of schizophrenia, a mental disorder characterized by a disintegration of the processes of thinking and of emotional responsiveness, are complex. A number of theories attempt to explain the link between altered brain function and schizophrenia, including the dopamine hypothesis and the glutamate hypothesis. These theories are separate from the causes of schizophrenia, which deal with the factors that lead to schizophrenia. The current theories attempt to explain how changes in brain functioning can contribute to symptoms of the disease. The exact pathophysiology of schizophrenia remains poorly understood. The most commonly supported theories are the dopamine hypothesis and the glutamate hypothesis. More recent theories center around specific dysfunction of interneurons, abnormalities in the immune system, abnormalities in myelination, and oxidative stress. The first formulations of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia came from post-mortem studies finding increased ...

Direct family members of people with schizophrenia are more likely to smoke cigarettes compared to individuals with no family history of the disorder, according to a new study.. The researchers also discovered that the smoking family members of schizophrenia patients exhibit stronger signs of nicotine dependence than other smokers.. Our results provide support for the hypothesis that familial factors increase the prevalence of smoking in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic subjects, who have a high genetic risk of schizophrenia, said Franck Schürhoff and his research team.. If it can be confirmed that genetic factors make people at risk of schizophrenia more likely to smoke, this would have major implications for our understanding of the etiology of schizophrenia, they added.. The study included 98 first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients and 110 mentally healthy controls with no family history of the disorder. The mean age of the relatives was higher than that of controls, at ...

Schizophrenia : Review in-depth clinical information, latest medical news, and guidelines on schizophrenia, also called schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia symptoms including paranoia and hearing voices. Learn about paranoid schizophrenia and schizophrenia treatment.

New data published in the latest edition of JAMA Psychiatry may suggest that a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) could be associated with increased risk for schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders.. Despite the fact that our results indicate putative overlapping etiological factors of OCD and schizophrenia or schizophrenia spectrum disorders, they do not necessarily suggest that these disorders should be aggregated into one global diagnosis, the researchers wrote. However, given these findings and the fact that OCD and schizophrenia co-occur with one another at a higher rate than would be expected in the general population, the phenotypes of these disorders are potentially more similar than currently acknowledged.. The findings come from a prospective cohort study of 3 million people born between 1955 and Nov. 30, 2006, and followed up from 1995 to Dec. 21, 2012. The study aimed to evaluate whether an OCD diagnosis increased the risk for developing schizophrenia and ...

The present study focuses on the multifaceted concept of self-disturbance in schizophrenia, adding knowledge about a not yet investigated aspect, which is the interoceptive accuracy. Starting from the assumption that interoceptive accuracy requires an intact sense of self, which otherwise was proved to be altered in schizophrenia, the aim of the present study was to explore interoceptive accuracy in a group of schizophrenia patients, compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the possible association between interoceptive accuracy and patients positive and negative symptomatology was assessed. To pursue these goals, a group of 23 schizophrenia patients and a group of 23 healthy controls performed a heartbeat perception task. Patients symptomatology was assessed by means of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results demonstrated significantly lower interoceptive accuracy in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls. This difference was not accounted for participants ...

Schizophrenia (OMIM 181500) is an incurable and severe psychiatric disorder comprised of three symptom domains (positive symptoms, negative symptoms and cognitive impairments) with a worldwide prevalence of approximately 1%. There is a substantial amount of evidence demonstrating that schizophrenia has a strong a genetic component. Broad-sense heritability estimates range from 64-80% and first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients have 10-fold increased risk of developing the disorder compared to the general population. It is thought that both single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants (CNVs) contribute to the heritability of schizophrenia. This thesis focuses on the role of CNVs in the etiology of schizophrenia. We performed a genome-wide CNV analysis of 166 schizophrenia patients and 52 psychiatrically healthy controls. In our overall CNV analysis we did not find any significant differences between cases and controls across a variety of CNV categories, nor did we find significant

Title:Advances in the Discovery of PDE10A Inhibitors for CNS-Related Disorders. Part 2: Focus on Schizophrenia. VOLUME: 20 ISSUE: 16. Author(s):Artur Świerczek, Agnieszka Jankowska, Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa, Maciej Pawłowski and Elżbieta Wyska*. Affiliation:Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow. Keywords:PDE10A inhibitors, multifunctional ligands, antipsychotic activity, procognitive activity, schizophrenia, clinical trials.. Abstract:. Schizophrenia is a ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Cannabis and schizophrenia. AU - Pushpa-Rajah, Jonathan A.. AU - McLoughlin, Benjamin C.. AU - Gillies, Donna. AU - Rathbone, John. AU - Variend, Hannele. AU - Kalakouti, Eliana. AU - Kyprianou, Katerina. PY - 2015/3/1. Y1 - 2015/3/1. N2 - Background: Many people with schizophrenia smoke cannabis, and it is unclear why a large proportion do so and if the effects are harmful or beneficial. It is also unclear what the best method is to allow people with schizophrenia to alter their cannabis intake. Objectives: To assess the effects of specific psychological treatments for cannabis reduction in people with schizophrenia. To assess the effects of antipsychotics for cannabis reduction in people with schizophrenia. To assess the effects of cannabinoids (cannabis-related chemical compounds derived from cannabis or manufactured) for symptom reduction in people with schizophrenia. Search Methods: We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (August 2013) and all references ...

Several studies suggest a high comorbidity of substance abuse and schizophrenia, associated with higher frequency of relapse, more positive symptoms and depression, cognitive impairment, poorer outcome and treatment response. A high incidence of substance abuse is also observed in first-episode patients. Among patients with substance abuse, the onset precedes the onset of psychosis of several years in most cases. All the patients with a first episode of schizophrenia, at first admission to the Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment of Ospedale Maggiore of Milan during the years 1990 to 2004, have been included in our study. The clinical evaluation has been obtained considering the following items of Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS): conceptual disorganization, depressed mood, hostility, hallucinations, unusual content of thought. The results showed that 34.7% of first-episode schizophrenic patients had a lifetime history of substance abuse. The age of onset of schizophrenia is significantly

The first two to five years of illness are considered a critical period in the development of psychotic disorders. It is during this period that adequate treatment may substantially impact the course and outcome of illness. Early intervention has thus become a primary goal. Guidelines recommend combined treatments that include both psychopharmacological and psychosocial treatments. A wide range of psychosocial treatments are offered and established as evidence based.. In schizophrenia spectrum disorders poor patient engagement can be an obstacle to treatment success, and drop-out represents a major challenge. The construct of engagement in relation to mental health services is complex and is often studied through various components, such as alliance, compliance, and measures of attendance. The therapeutic alliance is identified as important in schizophrenia both for engagement and outcome, relating to important aspects of treatment such as better compliance with medication, lower drop-out rates, ...

This exploratory study aims to examine the differential effects of a computer-based cognitive training in prodromal patients (mean age 27.20 years, S.D. 5.31 years) compared with patients with full-blown schizophrenia (mean age 30.13 years, S.D. 7.77 years). Ten patients at risk for schizophrenia and 16 patients suffering from schizophrenia underwent a computerized cognitive training program (Cogpack). Cognitive functioning before and after a total of 10 training sessions was assessed by different tests controlling for memory, attention, and logical thinking. Prodromal patients turned out to be able to significantly improve their long-term memory functions and their attention after cognitive training with the Cogpack software package whereas in the group of patients with schizophrenia no improvement occurred (e.g. continuous performance test, identical pairs-subtest shapes: improvement from 0.73 to 0.88 in persons at risk of schizophrenia vs. no improvement in patients with schizophrenia ...

The most common form of substance abuse in people with schizophrenia is an addiction to nicotine. People with schizophrenia are addicted to nicotine at three times the rate of the general population (75-90 percent vs. 25-30 percent).. Research has revealed that the relationship between smoking and schizophrenia is complex. People with schizophrenia seem to be driven to smoke, and researchers are exploring whether there is a biological basis for this need. In addition to its known health hazards, several studies have found that smoking interferes with the action of antipsychotic drugs. People with schizophrenia who smoke may need higher doses of their medication.. Quitting smoking may be especially difficult for people with schizophrenia since nicotine withdrawal may cause their psychotic symptoms to temporarily get worse. Smoking cessation strategies that include nicotine replacement methods may be better tolerated. Doctors who treat people with schizophrenia should carefully monitor their ...

Newly developed Bayesian perspectives on schizophrenia hold out the promise that a common underlying mechanism can account for many, if not all, of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. If this is the case, then understanding how schizophrenic minds go awry could shine light on how healthy minds maintain a sense of self. This article investigates this Bayesian promise by examining whether the approach can indeed account for the difficulties with self-awareness experienced in schizophrenia. While I conclude that it cannot, I (...) nonetheless maintain that understanding how the self breaks down in schizophrenia tells us much about how and why the self functions in normal human circumstances. I proceed first by recounting in some detail a Bayesian interpretation of perception, schizophrenia, and self-awareness, as well as some of the empirical data supporting this interpretation, then by exploring aspects of schizophrenia that this approach leaves out. I conclude by discussing what the left ...

Problem Statement Schizophrenia is a disorder that affects how a person feels, thinks, and behaves. We chose this disorder because it is an interesting topic to discuss. There are 5 different subtypes of schizophrenia, some being more detrimental than others. The disorders cause is unknown, but schizophrenia is known to develop through genetic factors. Although it is interesting, its a psychotic disorder that affects 1% of the worlds population. The main complication though is that people who suffer from schizophrenia may experience hallucinations, delusions, and movement disorders. History of Schizophrenia The disease was first identified as a discrete mental illness by Dr. Emile Kraepelin in 1887 and it had been believed to have accompanied mankind through its history. Later on, the Dr. Kraepelin categorized this disease as dementia praecox. In 1910, the term schizophrenia was formed by a psychiatrist named Paul Eugen Bleuler. The word comes from the Greek words schizo (split) and ...

Researchers at the Swedish medical university Karolinska Institutet have discovered that patients with recent-onset schizophrenia have higher levels of inflammatory substances in their brains. Their findings offer hope of being able to treat schizophrenia with drugs that affect the immune system.. The causes of schizophrenia are largely unknown, and this hinders the development of effective treatments. One theory is that infections caught early on in life might increase the risk of developing schizophrenia, but to date any direct evidence of this has not been forthcoming.. Scientists at Karolinska Institutet have now been able to analyze inflammatory substances in the spinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia, instead of, as in previous studies, in the blood. The results show that patients with recent-onset schizophrenia have raised levels of a signal substance called interleukin-1beta, which can be released in the presence of inflammation. In the healthy control patients, this substance was ...

Health care providers and educators who seek to create health promotion programs and individualized comprehensive care plans for women with schizophrenia are hindered by the lack of data to guide their efforts. This study tested the hypothesis that women with schizophrenia adhere to mammography screening guidelines at the same rate as other same-age women. The study also investigated the validity of the Health Belief (HB) and Stages of Change (SOC) models for breast cancer screening among women with schizophrenia. Socio-demographic and clinical variables, as well as knowledge, attitudes, and barriers were assessed as a function of stage of change related to breast cancer screening in 46 women with schizophrenia. Women with schizophrenia were statistically less likely to be adherent to the screening recommendations than those without schizophrenia. Some support was found for the validity of the HB and SOC models for breast cancer screening in women with schizophrenia. Women in the Precontemplation stage

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder. The cause of schizophrenia lies in a complex interaction between genes and environment. Genetic variation could lead to altered brain structure and/or function. These changes could predispose a person to developing schizophrenia in the face of environmental stressors. MRI of the brain provides a way to detect changes in brain structure due to genetic effects and those due to disease progression.. Patients with schizophrenia have reduced grey matter volume and altered white matter connections. Some of these changes could have a genetic basis. Voxel based morphometry provides an unbiased whole brain approach to explore effects of genetic polymorphisms on grey matter and white matter volumes in schizophrenia.. Formation of gyri and sulci begin at the age of 16 weeks in utero in humans. Genetic variation may affect rates of grey matter and white matter development thus affecting formation of gyri. As some genes implicated in schizophrenia affect the development ...

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Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder with symptoms generally lasting longer than 6 months. According to the Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Health, schizophrenia is a disorder or group of disorders whose symptoms include disturbances in thinking, emotional responsiveness, and behavior. Schizophrenia is associated with abnormalities of brain structure and function, disorganized speech and behavior, delusions, and hallucinations. DSM-IV: 295.90 ICD-10: F20.9 Other psychotic disorders include:. Schizoaffective disorder: symptoms of schizophrenia and a mood disorder such as depression or bipolar disorder. Schizophreniform disorder: symptoms of schizophrenia that last between 1-6 months DSM-IV: 295.40 ICD-10: F20.81. Brief psychotic disorder: symptoms of psychosis that occurs in a sudden, short period of time, usually in response to a traumatic or emotional event DSM-IV: 298.8 ICD-10: F23 ...

We have recently identified up- or down-regulation of the olfactory (OR) and taste (TASR) chemoreceptors in the human cortex in several neurodegenerative diseases, raising the possibility of a general deregulation of these genes in neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we explore the possible deregulation of OR and TASR gene expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction on extracts from postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of subjects with chronic schizophrenia (n = 15) compared to control individuals (n = 14). Negative symptoms were evaluated premortem by the Positive and Negative Syndrome and the Clinical Global Impression Schizophrenia Scales. We report that ORs and TASRs are deregulated in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Seven out of eleven ORs and four out of six TASRs were down-regulated in schizophrenia, the most prominent changes of which were found in genes from the 11p15.4 locus. The expression