BACKGROUND Herpesvirus-like DNA sequences have recently been found in lesions from patients with Kaposis sarcoma and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is not known whether these sequences are also present in classic Kaposis sarcoma or in the Kaposis sarcoma that occurs in homosexual men who are seronegative for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS We analyzed DNA in tissue samples from patients with AIDS-associated Kaposis sarcoma, patients with classic Kaposis sarcoma, and HIV-seronegative homosexual men with Kaposis sarcoma. We also analyzed DNA in samples of uninvolved tissue from these patients and in control tissue from healthy subjects. All samples were tested blindly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers to amplify KS330(233), a herpesvirus-like DNA sequence. RESULTS The KS330(233) PCR product was found in 20 of 21 tissue samples (95 percent) from the patients with Kaposis sarcoma, including 10 of the 11 samples from the patients with AIDS
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network® (NCCN®) has created a new resource for patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who develop acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related Kaposi sarcoma. This newly released NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) brings the total library to 68 NCCN Guidelines®. Additional NCCN Guidelines devoted to overall cancer care for people living with HIV will be released in early 2018. These new NCCN Guidelines for AIDS-Related Kaposi Sarcoma are a first step to ensuring that people living with HIV receive appropriate and equitable cancer treatment, said Gita Suneja, MD, of the Duke Cancer Institute, Co-Chair of the NCCN Guidelines Panel for AIDS-Related Kaposi Sarcoma. NCCN recognizes the urgent need for cancer management guidelines in this special population of patients. The Guidelines Panel is comprised of experts from NCCN Member Institutions across the United States, including oncologists, HIV specialists, ...
It is postulated that the unusual manifestations of Kaposiss sarcoma cells in nonendothelial brain tissues and on eyeballs in advanced acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases are metastasized AIDS-Kaposis sarcoma cells arising from vascular endothelial cells. Experiments were performed to explore the above hypothesis by testing for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (CD54 antigens) on cutaneous AIDS-Kaposis sarcoma cells as well as on AIDS-Kaposis sarcoma cells isolated from eyeballs as studies have illustrated that, unlike localized Kaposis sarcoma cells of primary lesions, proliferating Kaposis sarcoma cells in proximity to primary lesions express a negative or diminished phenotype when evaluated for identical surface antigens. Parallel CD54 antigen tests were done on vascular endothelial cells and monocytes/macrophages as endothelial cells are considered evolutionarily related to Kaposis sarcoma cells and monocytes/macrophages are ideal CD54 antigen positive controls. Our data showed
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:. I. Estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of single agent bortezomib in subjects with AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma (KS).. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:. I. Evaluate the clinical response of KS tumors to bortezomib. II. Evaluate the impact of bortezomib on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) plasma viral loads and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) apolipoprotein B messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G) levels.. III. Determine the impact of bortezomib on Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV).. IV. Assess bortezomib effects on KSHV copy number in PBMC and plasma and whether changes in viral copy number measured in PBMC and plasma are associated with clinical response of KS tumors.. V. Monitor KSHV gene expression in KS biopsy specimens and PBMC pre- and post-bortezomib and assess whether changes in viral gene expression (i.e., to a lytic pattern) in tumor biopsy are associated with clinical response.. VI. Assess ...
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:. I. Estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of single agent bortezomib in subjects with AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma (KS).. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:. I. Evaluate the clinical response of KS tumors to bortezomib. II. Evaluate the impact of bortezomib on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) plasma viral loads and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) apolipoprotein B messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G) levels.. III. Determine the impact of bortezomib on Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV).. IV. Assess bortezomib effects on KSHV copy number in PBMC and plasma and whether changes in viral copy number measured in PBMC and plasma are associated with clinical response of KS tumors.. V. Monitor KSHV gene expression in KS biopsy specimens and PBMC pre- and post-bortezomib and assess whether changes in viral gene expression (i.e., to a lytic pattern) in tumor biopsy are associated with clinical response.. VI. Assess ...
Propagation of a human herpesvirus from AIDS-associated Kaposis sarcoma. Human herpesvirus 8 and Kaposis sarcoma -- some answers, more questions
TY - JOUR. T1 - Delayed-type hypersensitivity in classic Kaposi sarcoma patients and controls. AU - Valenti, Rosalia Maria. AU - Amodio, Emanuele. AU - Romano, Nino. AU - Graubard, Barry I. AU - Goedert, James J.. AU - Nam, null. AU - Preiss, Liliana R. PY - 2011. Y1 - 2011. N2 - BACKGROUND: Immune perturbation likely affects the development of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) among people infected with theKS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). We tested whether KSHV-seropositive individuals or cases of classic KS (cKS), which typicallyoriginates in the leg, had differing delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in the forearm or leg.METHODS: Mantoux DTH with three antigens (Candida, tetanus, PPD) was performed on the forearm and leg of 15 cKS cases,14 KSHV-positives without KS, and 15 KSHV-negative controls. The diameters of induration responses were compared by groupand body site.RESULTS: Leg DTH was greater than forearm DTH among controls (mean difference 5.6 mm, P¼0.0004), whereas this was notobserved in cKS ...
Representational difference analysis was used to isolate unique sequences present in more than 90 percent of Kaposis sarcoma (KS) tissues obtained from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). These sequences were not present in tissue DNA from non-AIDS patients, but were present in 15 percent of non-KS tissue DNA samples from AIDS patients. The sequences are homologous to, but distinct from, capsid and tegument protein genes of the Gammaherpesvirinae, herpesvirus saimiri and Epstein-Barr virus. These KS-associated herpesvirus-like (KSHV) sequences appear to define a new human herpesvirus. ...
The latest market report published by Credence Research, Inc. Kaposi Sarcoma Market - Growth, Future Prospects, Competitive Analysis, 2017 - 2025, the global kaposi sarcoma market was valued at US$ 108.8 Mn in 2016, and is expected to reach US$ 135.6 Mn by 2025 expanding at a CAGR of 2.44% from 2017 to 2025.. Browse the full report Kaposi sarcoma Market - Growth, Future Prospects, Competitive Analysis, 2017 - 2025 report at http://www.credenceresearch.com/report/kaposi-sarcoma-market. Market Insights. Kaposi sarcoma has an incidence rate of 0.02-0.06 %, it is widely prevalent in middle aged Afro-American men, East-European and Mediterranean region men of Jewish origin (Ashkenazi). Kaposi sarcoma has overwhelming male predominance. Serological assays for the detection of Kaposi sarcoma are limited and has often resulted in the production of conflicted data with different methodologies. Polymerase chain reaction, insitu hybridization, and immunohistochemistry reveal the KSHV proteins expressed ...
The latest market report published by Credence Research, Inc. Kaposi Sarcoma Market - Growth, Future Prospects, Competitive Analysis, 2017 - 2025, the global kaposi sarcoma market was valued at US$ 108.8 Mn in 2016, and is expected to reach US$ 135.6 Mn by 2025 expanding at a CAGR of 2.44% from 2017 to 2025.. Browse the full report Kaposi sarcoma Market - Growth, Future Prospects, Competitive Analysis, 2017 - 2025 report at http://www.credenceresearch.com/report/kaposi-sarcoma-market. Market Insights. Kaposi sarcoma has an incidence rate of 0.02-0.06 %, it is widely prevalent in middle aged Afro-American men, East-European and Mediterranean region men of Jewish origin (Ashkenazi). Kaposi sarcoma has overwhelming male predominance. Serological assays for the detection of Kaposi sarcoma are limited and has often resulted in the production of conflicted data with different methodologies. Polymerase chain reaction, insitu hybridization, and immunohistochemistry reveal the KSHV proteins expressed ...
Barillari G, Sgadari C, Palladino C, Franzese O, Ensoli B. Antagonists of the a?ß3 integrin as potential tools for the therapy of AIDS-associated Kaposis sarcoma. In: Centro di coordinamento, organizzazione e verifica dei progetti per la lotta allAIDS, ed. Second national research program on AIDS. Progress report. Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Rome, July 12-16,1999. Roma: Istituto Superiore di Sanità; 1999. ( Rapporti ISTISAN 99/11). p.52 ...
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Although epidemiological evidence suggests an infectious etiology for KS and clearly links this multicentric angioproliferative disease with HHV8 infection, the functional role of this lymphotropic herpesvirus in the pathogenesis of KS has remained unclear (6)(21)(22). A major limitation in addressing this critical question has been the lack of an experimental animal model. To circumvent this limitation, we began a systematic analysis of the biological properties of HHV8-encoded genes using transgenesis. Here, we report that a single gene of HHV8 is sufficient to induce in mice an angioproliferative disease that bears striking similarity to human KS. Clinically, the lesions start as erythematous maculae or plaques and progress to violaceous, purplish nodules and tumors that develop predominantly in the skin and to a lesser extent in intestine, heart, and skeletal muscle. Histologically and ultrastructurally, these lesions show characteristics similar to those of human KS and Kaposiform ...
Kaposis sarcoma. Close-up of a Kaposis sarcoma lesion on the skin of the leg of a male patient suffering from AIDS. This is a cancerous skin tumour, typically coloured purple with silver scales. It is a feature of up to 20% of all AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) male patients. Until AIDS, it was a rare cancer found mainly in elderly Mediterranean men. Kaposis sarcoma begins on the feet and ankles, spreading up the legs to hands and arms. As an aggressive cancer, it may cause internal bleeding if the gut and lungs are affected. Kaposis sarcoma can prove fatal in AIDS patients. Radiotherapy or anticancer drugs are the common treatment. - Stock Image M112/0213
Treatment of Kaposis sarcoma (KS) is a form of cancer affecting blood vessels. It causes widespread lesions on the skin, mucous membranes, or internal organs. It occurs most commonly in the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, Cancer occurs when cells in the body divide without control or order. Normally, cells divide in a regulated manner. If cells keep dividing uncontrollably when new cells are not needed, a mass of tissue forms, called a growth or tumor. The term cancer refers to malignant tumors, which can invade nearby tissues and can spread to other parts of the body. A benign tumor does not invade or spread, KS can be classified according to the population affected, Classic-usually affects men of Mediterranean descent, Endemic-usually affects people living in equatorial Africa, Transplant-related (Acquired)-affects people who have received an organ transplant, AIDS-related (Epidemic)-affects people with AIDS, Kaposi Sarcoma, Kaposis Sarcoma, Kaposis Sarcoma Symptoms, Causes Kaposis Sarcoma,
Purpose : To report the clinicopathologic findings of 13 cases presenting with Kaposi Sarcoma of the eyelid and conjunctiva. Methods : In a non-comparative, consecutive case series, the database of the Florida Lions Ocular Pathology Laboratory was searched for surgical specimens diagnosed with Kaposi sarcoma of the eyelid and conjunctiva from the time-period of 1977 to 2016. The histopathologic slides and clinicopathologic features were evaluated. Results : The diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma was established by light microscopic examination of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue from the eyelid and conjunctiva of 13 patients (Right = 9, Left = 3 and bilateral = 1). There were 10 males and 3 females. The age of presentation ranged from 25 to 95 years with a mean of 43 years. The lesions involved the conjunctiva in 5 cases, eyelid in 4 cases and cornea in 1 case (clinical information was available for 10 out of the 13 cases, and limited in the 3 remaining cases). HIV-positive patients were ...
Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is specifically associated with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and 2 B cell lymphoproliferative diseases, namely primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). KS, PEL, and MCD are largely incurable and poorly understood diseases most common in HIV-infected individuals. Here, we have revealed the role of viral FLICE-inhibitory protein (vFLIP) in the initiation of PEL and MCD by specifically expressing vFLIP at different stages of B cell differentiation in vivo. Mice showed MCD-like abnormalities and immunological defects including lack of germinal centers (GCs), impaired Ig class switching, and affinity maturation. In addition, they showed increased numbers of cells expressing cytoplasmic IgM-λ, a thus far enigmatic feature of the KSHV-infected cells in MCD. B cell-derived tumors arose at high incidence and displayed Ig gene rearrangement with downregulated expression of B cell-associated antigens, which are features of PEL. Interestingly, these ...
Background Oral candidiasis is the most common infection of the oral mucosa of HIV-seropositive patients, although its frequency is rapidly decreasing with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Many questions regarding its complex pathogenesis remain unanswered. The diagnosis is usually established with non-invasive techniques such as mucosal smears. Oral lesions of HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma (HIV-KS) are routinely biopsied and frequently show secondary infection with Candida albicans or other Candida species. Aims and objectives The aim of this investigation was to determine the frequency and histomorphology of secondary Candidal infection of the surface epithelium of oral HIV-associated KS lesions (HIV-KS), which are routinely biopsied in HIV infected patients. Materials and methods Haematoxylin and eosin (HE), and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) stains of 133 cases of oral Kaposi sarcoma diagnosed between the period 2003 and 2007 within the Division of Oral Pathology were ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - [Ca 2+ ](i) and pH(in) homeostasis in Kaposi sarcoma cells AU - Martínez-Zaguilán, Raul. AU - Chinnock, Brian F.. AU - Wald-Hopkins, Sarah. AU - Bernas, Mike. AU - Way, Dennis. AU - Weinand, Martin. AU - Witte, Marlys H.. AU - Gillies, Robert J.. PY - 1996/1/1. Y1 - 1996/1/1. N2 - Changes in intracellular pH (pH(in)) and intracellular calcium concentration [Ca 2+ ](i) play a major role in signal transduction leading to cell growth, differentiation and transformation. In some tumor cell lines, vacuolar (V-type) H + -adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) are important in pH(in) regulation. To clarify the neoplastic nature and endothelial origin of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), pH(in) and [Ca 2+ ](i) and the functional expression of V-type H + -ATPases were evaluated in cultured endothelial marker-positive KS cells derived from AIDS-KS skin lesions as compared to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Human skin fibroblasts (HSF) were also examined. Cells were examined using ...
https://www.delveinsight.com/sample-request/kaposis-sarcoma-market. Kaposis Sarcoma market size is anticipated to increase during the study period owing to the rise in the number of prevalent cases of Kaposis Sarcoma patients in the 7MM.. The Kaposis Sarcoma market outlook section of the report helps to build a detailed comprehension of the historic, current, and forecasted Kaposis Sarcoma market trends by analyzing the impact of current therapies on the market, unmet needs, drivers and barriers, and demand for better technology. The report gives a thorough detail of Kaposis Sarcoma market trends and shares analysis of each marketed drug and late-stage pipeline therapy by evaluating their impact based on the annual cost of therapy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, mechanism of action, increasing patient pool, covered patient segment, expected launch year, competition with other therapies, and view of the key opinion leaders. Kaposis Sarcoma Epidemiology. The Kaposis Sarcoma epidemiology ...
https://www.delveinsight.com/sample-request/kaposis-sarcoma-market. Kaposis Sarcoma market size is anticipated to increase during the study period owing to the rise in the number of prevalent cases of Kaposis Sarcoma patients in the 7MM.. The Kaposis Sarcoma market outlook section of the report helps to build a detailed comprehension of the historic, current, and forecasted Kaposis Sarcoma market trends by analyzing the impact of current therapies on the market, unmet needs, drivers and barriers, and demand for better technology. The report gives a thorough detail of Kaposis Sarcoma market trends and shares analysis of each marketed drug and late-stage pipeline therapy by evaluating their impact based on the annual cost of therapy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, mechanism of action, increasing patient pool, covered patient segment, expected launch year, competition with other therapies, and view of the key opinion leaders. Kaposis Sarcoma Epidemiology. The Kaposis Sarcoma epidemiology ...
https://www.delveinsight.com/sample-request/kaposis-sarcoma-market. Kaposis Sarcoma market size is anticipated to increase during the study period owing to the rise in the number of prevalent cases of Kaposis Sarcoma patients in the 7MM.. The Kaposis Sarcoma market outlook section of the report helps to build a detailed comprehension of the historic, current, and forecasted Kaposis Sarcoma market trends by analyzing the impact of current therapies on the market, unmet needs, drivers and barriers, and demand for better technology. The report gives a thorough detail of Kaposis Sarcoma market trends and shares analysis of each marketed drug and late-stage pipeline therapy by evaluating their impact based on the annual cost of therapy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, mechanism of action, increasing patient pool, covered patient segment, expected launch year, competition with other therapies, and view of the key opinion leaders. Kaposis Sarcoma Epidemiology. The Kaposis Sarcoma epidemiology ...
https://www.delveinsight.com/sample-request/kaposis-sarcoma-market. Kaposis Sarcoma market size is anticipated to increase during the study period owing to the rise in the number of prevalent cases of Kaposis Sarcoma patients in the 7MM.. The Kaposis Sarcoma market outlook section of the report helps to build a detailed comprehension of the historic, current, and forecasted Kaposis Sarcoma market trends by analyzing the impact of current therapies on the market, unmet needs, drivers and barriers, and demand for better technology. The report gives a thorough detail of Kaposis Sarcoma market trends and shares analysis of each marketed drug and late-stage pipeline therapy by evaluating their impact based on the annual cost of therapy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, mechanism of action, increasing patient pool, covered patient segment, expected launch year, competition with other therapies, and view of the key opinion leaders. Kaposis Sarcoma Epidemiology. The Kaposis Sarcoma epidemiology ...
Author Summary Heat shock proteins, such as Hsp90, aid the folding of proteins. They seem to be essential to sustain the growth of cancer cells. Hsp90 inhibitors are in clinical trials for many cancers but with mixed results, presumably since these proteins have many clients. The mechanism for drug efficacy and tumor-type variation in responses is not understood. Here we show that in the case of Kaposi sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma, which are cancers caused by Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8) an essential viral protein, LANA, binds to Hsp90 and is a client of Hsp90. Different small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors reduce the expression of LANA. At the same time they reduce the expression of the newly discovered co-receptor of KSHV ephA2, of Akt, cdc2 and ephrin-B2. Since LANA is required to maintain the virus latent in all tumor cells, a process, which is periodically aided by de novo infection, these inhibitors interfere with essential components of viral pathogenesis and in vivo
In 1872, Moritz Kaposi (1837-1902) of Kaposvar, Hungary, a dermatology faculty member at the University of Vienna, first described idiopathisches multiples Pigmentsarkom der Haut, which has become known as Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Kaposi sarcoma had brownish red-to-bluish red cutaneous nodules that tended to enlarge into dome-shaped tumors.
Kaposis sarcoma (KS) is a systemic disease that can present with cutaneous lesions with or without internal involvement. It is the most common vascular neoplasm. It can involve any skin surface, including the genitalia. (1,2) KS limited to the external genitalia is rare in HIV sero-negative individuals. Kaposi sarcoma became known because of the correlation with AIDS-defining illnesses in the 1980s.(3) This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma with osseous metastases in an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patient. T2 - A remarkable response to highly active antiretroviral therapy. AU - Dirweesh, Ahmed. AU - Khan, Muhammad Yasir. AU - Hamiz, Shaikh Fawad. AU - Karabulut, Nigahus. PY - 2017/2/20. Y1 - 2017/2/20. N2 - Objective: Rare disease Background: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is known to involve the mucocutaneous tissues and the aero-digestive tracts. In acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, KS has an aggressive course and carries poor prognosis. We present a case of pulmonary KS with osseous metastases as the first presentation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a young male. The lesions impressively decreased in size and numbers following initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Case Report: A 34-year-old heterosexual male presented with a one month history of cough and 15-20 pound weight loss within six months. Examination revealed oral thrush, ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Ignorance in infectious diseases. T2 - The case of AIDS, Kaposi sarcoma, and lymphology. AU - Witte, M. H.. AU - Witte, C. L.. PY - 2000/1/1. Y1 - 2000/1/1. N2 - From the perspective of The University of Arizonas innovative Curriculum on Medical (and Other) Ignorance focusing on what we know we dont know, dont know we dont know, and think we know but dont, the shifting terrain of information-knowledge-ignorance of AIDS (a disorder involving, to various incompletely understood degrees, the four components of the lymphatic system-lymph, lymphatics, lymphocytes, and lymph nodes) and Kaposi sarcoma (a lymphedemogenic lesion thought to arise from trans-differentiated lymphatic endothelium) is surveyed by pinpointing some key unanswered questions that have been raised over the course of the epidemic and pointedly in past International Congresses of Lymphology. These questions are placed in the context of general ignorance about infectious diseases and the relationship of germ ...
PD‐1 and PD‐L1 expression patterns differ based on Kaposi sarcoma sage, but is not impacted by clinical variables, according to a study.. In this study, 50 patients with KD who were classified as early or late stage disease, had specimens stained with anti‐PD‐1 and anti‐PD‐L1 antibodies.. In 72.2% and 11.1% of early stage cases and 43.8% and 28.1% of late-stage cases, PD-1 and PD-L1, respectively, were expressed. PD‐1 expression was significantly higher in the peritumoral area than in the intratumoral area in late stage cases. PD‐1 expression in the intratumoral area was significantly higher at the early stage than at the late stage, whereas PD‐L1 expression in the peritumoral area was significantly higher at the late stage than at the early stage.. Reference. Kim YJ, Jung CJ, Won CH, et al. PD‐1 and PD‐L1 expression in Kaposi sarcoma: A comparative study according to the pathological stage and clinical characteristics. J Cutan Pathol. 2020; ...
Second, a 50-year-old man with HIV infection since 1991 had a first diagnosis of skin and lung Kaposis sarcoma in 1992 with a relapse in 2002. Different therapies were used without benefits: interferon, radiotherapy, daunorubicin and bleomycin. Docetaxel induced PR after 6 months of therapy, but had clinical and biological grade 3 adverse effects. Since 2008, Kaposis sarcoma increased progressively with more than 50 skin lesions and painful lymphedema of the legs. In March 2009, CD4 cell counts were 706 cells/μl and HIV viral load was less than 40 copies/ml under HAART. PET scan showed intense diffuse metabolism of the legs (Fig. 1c). Lenalidomide was introduced according to the same schedule. After the first cycle, the patients condition improved and a PET scan showed a total reduction of hypermetabolic abnormalities (Fig. 1d). Therapy did not result in side-effects, with the exception of asthenia. The patient underwent eight cycles of lenalidomide and we observed an 85% reduction of the ...
Kaposis sarcoma (KS) is a tumor characterized by mucocutaneous and visceral angioproliferations, first described by Moritz Kaposi in 1872 [1]. Today four clinical variants of KS are known [1] with similar histologic findings but different sites of involvement and rates of progression. Classic Kaposis sarcoma, primarily found in Eastern European and Mediterranean men (male to female ratio 15:1) is mostly limited to the skin of hands and feet and follows an indolent course. Endemic KS occurs in Africa independent of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In children progression is fulminant and outcome fatal whereas in adults presentation is similar to classic KS. Immunosuppression- or transplantation-associated KS occurs in organ-transplant recipients and patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for other medical conditions. This type tends to be aggressive, involving lymph nodes, mucosa and visceral organs, sometimes in the absence of skin lesions. Epidemic or acquired immune ...
Both AIDS-KS libraries were found to express HHV8 RNA. The detection of relatively low tag counts for HHV8 specific ORFs can be explained by only a low percentage of cells expressing HHV8 RNA. The viral T1.1 and T0.7 transcripts are the predominant viral transcripts found in AIDS-KS tumours [19] and in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) [33], another disease associated with HHV8. Recently, the global HHV8 genome expression of two PEL cell lines was studied using viral micro-arrays [34, 35]. A good correlation between the kinetic behaviour of viral genes in cultured PEL cells and the transcription patterns observed in AIDS-KS biopsies has been observed [36]. The pattern of gene expression concurred with the functional roles of the viral genes. Transcripts corresponding to ORF K4.2, 18 and 59 were simultaneously expressed in induced PEL cells and were all classified as secondary lytic genes. We detected in our SAGE libraries only tags belonging to the five HHV8 ORFs mentioned before, suggesting ...
Kaposis sarcoma (KS) is the most common malignancy associated with HIV infection and is considered an AIDS defining condition by the US Centers of Disease Control Guidelines. Several advances in the...
Kaposis Sarcoma (KS) was described in 1872 by a Hungarian dermatologist, Moritz Kohn Kaposi, who was the first to identify five cases of idiopathic multiple pigmented sarcomas of the skin.. In the stomach, Kaposis Sarcoma can occur both as primary gastric tumour in AIDS and as part of systemic disease. Kaposi sarcoma is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy in AIDS (seen in approximately 40% of patients) and is often asymptomatic. The diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma with a negative HIV test and positive test for HHV-8 should lead to the consideration of other causes such as iatrogenic or tumor-related immunosuppression (lymphoproliferative disorders).. ...
BACKGROUND: Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpes virus is associated with primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castlemans disease. METHODS: Seropositivity to lytic and latent Kaposis sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV) antigens were examined in 2083 lymphomas and 2013 controls from six European countries. RESULTS: Antibodies against KSHV latent and lytic antigens were detectable in 4.5% and 3.4% of controls, respectively, and 3.6% of cases (P,0.05). The KSHV seropositivity was associated with splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) (odds ratio (OR)=4.11, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.57-10.83) and multiple myeloma (OR=0.31, 95% CI=0.11-0.85). CONCLUSION: The KSHV is unlikely to contribute importantly to lymphomagenesis among immunocompetent subjects. However, the observed association with SMZL may underline a chronic antigen mechanism in its aetiology.. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Targeted inhibition of calcineurin signaling blocks calcium-dependent reactivation of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. AU - Zoeteweij, J. P.. AU - Moses, A. V.. AU - Rinderknecht, A. S.. AU - Davis, D. A.. AU - Overwijk, W. W.. AU - Yarchoan, R.. AU - Orenstein, J. M.. AU - Blauvelt, A.. PY - 2001/4/15. Y1 - 2001/4/15. N2 - Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is associated with KS, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman disease. Reactivation of KSHV in latently infected cells and subsequent plasma viremia occur before the development of KS. Intracellular signaling pathways involved in KSHV reactivation were studied. In latently infected PEL cells (BCBL-1), KSHV reactivation in single cells was determined by quantitative flow cytometry. Viral particle production was determined by electron microscope analyses and detection of minor capsid protein in culture supernatants. Agents that mobilized intracellular calcium (ionomycin, thapsigargin) ...
Background Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of primary effusion lymphomas (PEL). Herpesvirus Type 8 (HHV-8)) [1], is linked to all forms of Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) [2C4], and some forms of multicentric Castelmans disease (MCD) [5,6]. PEL is a monoclonal/oligoclonal, rare, aggressive and body cavity-based B-cell lymphoma, accounting for approximately 3% of AIDS-related lymphomas [7,8]. This unusual lymphoproliferative disorder is divided into classical and solid variants. The classical PEL is characterized by malignant effusions in the serosal surfaces, mostly pleural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities and by the absence of an obvious tumor mass, lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly [9]. The solid PEL manifests with extracavitary tissue-based tumors that may precede PEL development [10], may follow malignant effusions [11], or may not at all be associated with PEL serous effusions [3,6,10,12C14]. The presence of KSHV genome in PEL ...
Health,Kaposis sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human tumor virus which cause...PELs are aggressive lymphomas with reported median survival time l...Researchers at the University of Helsinki have discovered that act...The findings by the research group of Dr. P?ivi Ojala (University ...The project involves scientists from two Academy of Finland Nation...,A,Novel,Treatment,for,KSHV-infected,Lymphomas,medicine,medical news today,latest medical news,medical newsletters,current medical news,latest medicine news
5GTC: Crystal structure of complex between DMAP-SH conjugated with a Kaposis sarcoma herpesvirus LANA peptide (5-15) and nucleosome core particle
Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has an etiologic role in Kaposis sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castlemans disease. These diseases are most common in immunocompromised individuals, especially those with AIDS. Similar to all herpesviruses, KSHV infection is lifelong. KSHV infection in tumor cells is primarily latent, with only a small subset of cells undergoing lytic infection. During latency, the KSHV genome persists as a multiple copy, extrachromosomal episome in the nucleus. In order to persist in proliferating tumor cells, the viral genome replicates once per cell cycle and then segregates to daughter cell nuclei. KSHV only expresses several genes during latent infection. Prominent among these genes, is the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). LANA is responsible for KSHV genome persistence and also exerts transcriptional regulatory effects. LANA mediates KSHV DNA replication and in addition, is responsible for segregation of replicated genomes to daughter
BARIANI, Maria Carolina Prado Fleury et al. Mycosis fungoides and Kaposis sarcoma association in an HIV-negative patient. An. Bras. Dermatol. [online]. 2016, vol.91, n.5, suppl.1, pp.108-110. ISSN 0365-0596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164401.. The association of mycosis fungoides and kaposis sarcoma in HIV-negative patients is a rare phenomenon. The presence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) - associated with all forms of Kaposis sarcoma - has also been recently identified in mycosis fungoides lesions. However, a causal association between HHV-8 and the onset of mycosis fungoides has not been established yet. The present case reports a patient who developed Kaposis sarcoma lesions after a two-year UVB phototherapy to treat a mycosis fungoides. Negative immunohistochemistry staining for Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in the initial mycosis fungoides lesions strengthens the absence of a link between Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and mycosis fungoides. ...
Currently the hu-BLT mouse model has been used mostly to study HIV-1 and a limited number of other viruses (9, 11⇓⇓-14). Little is known whether this model can be used to study KSHV infection, for which there is no good small-animal model to study its infection and disease pathogenesis. We demonstrated in this study that the hu-BLT mice can be infected via several known natural routes of infection, such as via oral and vaginal mucosal routes. We also found that a large number of human B cells and macrophages, which are known natural human host cells, were infected. Our finding represents an important step forward toward developing a robust small-animal model for KSHV infection and disease pathogenesis.. It has been shown that KSHV DNA could be detected in rhesus macaques inoculated with KSHV-infected PEL cells, but it replicated to very low levels, and viral mRNA was not detectable (15). In addition, Chang et al. (16) recently reported that KSHV can establish persistent infection in ...
The classic form of Kaposis sarcoma (KS) was first described as idiopathic multiple pigmented sarcoma of the skin by Moritz Kaposi in 1872 (73). The causative agent for the disease was identified more than a century later as a DNA virus belonging to the gammaherpesvirus family with substantial sequence similarity to other oncogenic primate gammaherpesviruses, including herpesvirus saimiri, rhesus rhadinovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (27, 46, 54, 67). Although Kaposis patients were elderly, otherwise healthy, men, KS now occurs primarily in immunosuppressed patients, such as those with AIDS and recipients of organ transplantation (1, 8, 11). KS is also endemic to sub-Saharan Africa (12, 13). KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) also causes lymphoproliferative disorders, such as body cavity-based primary effusion lymphomas (PELs) and multicentric Castlemans disease, primarily in patients with AIDS (3, 70).. The KSHV genome contains more than 85 open reading frames (ORF) that include genes ...
To determine the presence of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and other serologic markers, we tested serum specimens of 339 Amerindians, 181 rural non-Amerindians, and 1,133 urban blood donors (13 Amerindians) in the Brazilian Amazon. High KSHV seroprevalence in children and inverse association with herpes simplex virus type 2 indicates predominant nonsexual transmission among Amerindians.
Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; also referred to as human herpesvirus 8 [HHV-8]) belongs to the gammaherpesvirus family, which includes Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpesvirus saimiri (HSV), and murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) (1). KSHV infection is associated with Kaposis sarcoma (KS), the most common cancer in HIV-infected patients (1). KSHV is also linked to the development of several other lymphoproliferative malignancies, including primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and a subset of multicentric Castlemans disease (2). Similar to other herpesviruses, the life cycle of KSHV consists of latent and lytic replication phases (3). Following acute infection, KSHV establishes latency in the immunocompetent hosts, where KSHV maintains its genome as an episome and expresses only a limited number of viral proteins or viral mRNAs. Thus, KSHV latency is an effective strategy for evading host immune detection (3). In KS lesions, most of the tumor cells are latently infected by KSHV, ...
BACKGROUND: c-Kit is a proto-oncogene that encodes tyrosine kinase receptor (CD117). Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a useful marker, providing information on platelet function and diameter. Objective: To investigate c-Kit expression and intensity in patients with Kaposis sarcoma (KS) and to investigate the relation between Ki-67 proliferation and MPV. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded protein kinase and its interaction with K-bZIP. AU - Izumiya, Yoshihiro. AU - Izumiya, Chie. AU - Van Geelen, Albert. AU - Wang, Don Hong. AU - Lam, Kit S.. AU - Luciw, Paul A.. AU - Kung, Hsing Jien. PY - 2007/2/1. Y1 - 2007/2/1. N2 - The oncogenic herpesvirus, Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, also identified as human herpesvirus 8, contains genes producing proteins that control transcription and influence cell signaling. Open reading frame 36 (ORF36) of this virus encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase, which is designated the viral protein kinase (vPK). Our recent efforts to elucidate the role of vPK in the viral life cycle have focused on identifying viral protein substrates and determining the effects of vPK-mediated phosphorylation on specific steps in viral replication. The vPK gene was transcribed into 4.2-kb and 3.6-kb mRNAs during the early and late phases of viral reactivation. vPK is colocalized with viral DNA ...
Eating bone or adding it: The Wnt pathway decides. Interleukin-4 receptor-directed cytotoxin therapy of AIDS-associated Kaposis sarcoma tumors in xenograft model
The novelty of our comprehensive study is the demonstration for the first time that a proinflammatory lipid metabolite, such as PGE2 and its receptors, plays a crucial role in herpes virus latency. Previous reports have indicated the role of Ca2+ in KSHV lytic cycle (17-20). In contrast, our studies showing the downregulation of LANA-1 expression by EP1 receptor antagonist, the blockage of supernatant-induced [Ca2+]i signal by EP1 antagonist, and the downregulation of PGE2-induced LANA-1 promoter activity by calcium chelators are the first demonstration of a role for [Ca2+]i in KSHV latency program. Unlike calcium, previous reports have shown the role of Src, PI3K, PKCζ/λ, and NF-κB in KSHV latency program (21-23). However, the novelty of our study is that the data linking PGE2/EP receptors with KSHV LANA-1 expression and LANA-1 promoter through PGE2 via Src, PI3K, PKCζ/λ, and NF-κB signal induction provides a new framework to understand the host mechanisms used by KSHV to induce these ...
El-Mallawany NK, Kamiyango W, Villiera J, Peckham-Gregory EC, Scheurer ME, McAtee CL, Allen CE, Kovarik CL, Frank D, Eason AB, Caro-Vegas C, Chiao EY, Schutze GE, Ozuah NW, Mehta PS, Kazembe PN, Dittmer DP. Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus Inflammatory Cytokine Syndrome-like Clinical Presentation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Children in Malawi. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Nov13;69(11):2022-2025.. McNamara RP, Chugh PE, Bailey A, Costantini LM, Ma Z, Bigi R, Cheves A, Eason AB, Landis JT, Host KM, Xiong J, Griffith JD, Damania B, Dittmer DP. Extracellular vesicles from Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lymphoma induce long-term endothelial cell reprogramming. PLoS Pathog. 2019 Feb 4;15(2): e1007536.. Bigi R, Landis JT, An H, Caro-Vegas C, Raab-Traub N, Dittmer DP. Epstein-Barr virus enhances genome maintenance of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Nov 27;115(48): E11379-E11387.. Sin SH, Eason AB, Bigi R, Kim Y, Kang S, Tan K, Seltzer TA, Venkataramanan R,An ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ORF57 protein interacts with PYM to enhance translation of viral intronless mRNAs. AU - Boyne, James R.. AU - Jackson, Brian R.. AU - Taylor, Adam. AU - MacNab, Stuart A.. AU - Whitehouse, Adrian. PY - 2010/6/2. Y1 - 2010/6/2. N2 - Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) expresses numerous intronless mRNAs that are unable to access splicing-dependent cellular mRNA nuclear export pathways. To circumvent this problem, KSHV encodes the open reading frame 57 (ORF57) protein, which orchestrates the formation of an export-competent virus ribonucleoprotein particle comprising the nuclear export complex hTREX, but not the exon-junction complex (EJC). Interestingly, EJCs stimulate mRNA translation, which raises the intriguing question of how intronless KSHV transcripts are efficiently translated. Herein, we show that ORF57 associates with components of the 48S pre-initiation complex and co-sediments with the 40S ribosomal subunits. ...
Kaposis sarcoma (KS) is a rare subcutaneous lesion linked mainly with patients suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The aim of the present study is to present the first documented case of classic Kaposis sarcoma (CKS) located in the right true vocal cord. A 62 year old male presented with cough and hoarseness for 2 months. Clinical examination revealed a nodule on the right vocal cord. The patient underwent surgery and the lesion was removed and biopsied. The histopathology report showed that the lesion was KS but with no complete removal of the lesion, since the surgical margins of the nodule were not healthy. The patient, although fully informed, refused any further treatment. Further laboratory tests were performed, revealing an HIV-negative immunodeficiency profile. Although (Mediterranean) CKS is not an aggressive malignancy, surgery with complete removal of the affected area is indicated when it is applicable. Moreover, conservative treatment and follow up of the patient is
ScienceDaily (June 18, 2009) - In a series of recently-published articles, a research team from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center has uncovered clues to the development of cancers in AIDS patients. The first article published in April in PLoS Pathogens demonstrated that the Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is not only present in every tumor cell, but that the cells also transcribe microRNAs (miRNA) from the virus. The second study was published June 4 in the journal Blood looked at the activity of several miRNAs known to suppress tumor activity. Finding the mechanisms through which viruses take over cellular systems, resulting in cancer, is a promising strategy for cancer prevention and treatment, since it is much more feasible to block viral infection or develop specific inhibitors of the viral genes than try to inhibit all of the genetic changes within a cancer.. ...
Shark cartilage: For several decades, shark cartilage has been proposed as a cancer treatment. Studies have shown shark cartilage or the shark cartilage product AE-941 (Neovastat ) to block the growth of new blood vessels, a process called anti-angiogenesis, which is believed to play a role in controlling growth of some tumors. There have also been several reports of successful treatments of end-stage cancer patients with shark cartilage, but these have not been well-designed and have not included reliable comparisons to accepted treatments. Many studies have been supported by shark cartilage product manufacturers, which may influence the results. In the United States, shark cartilage products cannot claim to cure cancer, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has sent warning letters to companies not to promote products in this way. Without further evidence from well-designed human trials, it remains unclear if shark cartilage is of any benefit in cancer and patients are advised to ...
Speaker: Päivi Ojala Speaker Address: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London and Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki Host: Teresa Frisan and Ingemar Ernberg
KSHV vGPCR, a lytic cycle associated protein, induces several signaling pathways leading to the activation of various transcription factors and consequently the expression of cellular and viral genes. Though the role of vGPCR in KSHV tumorigenicity has been well studied, its function related to the viral life cycle is poorly understood. Reduction in vGPCR by RNA interference also resulted in the reduction in KSHV lytic switch ORF50 gene and protein expression. Induction of vGPCR by doxycycline in BC3.14 cells also resulted in more KSHV production. When this was explored, induction of the ORF50 promoter by vGPCR expression was observed. Further examination of the molecular mechanisms by which vGPCR regulates the ORF50 promoter, using various ORF50 promoter constructs, revealed that induction of ORF50 promoter by vGPCR did not involve AP1 but was dependent on Sp1 and Sp3 transcription factors. vGPCR signaling led to an increase in Sp1 and Sp3 DNA binding activity and a decrease in histone ...
As part of a larger investigation of cancer in Uganda, we conducted a case-control study of Kaposis sarcoma in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-seronegative adults presenting at hospitals in Kampala. Cases comprised 117 HIV-seronegative patients with Kaposis sarcoma and controls comprised 1,282 HIV-seronegative patients with a provisional diagnosis of cancer other than Kaposis sarcoma. Study participants were interviewed about social and lifestyle factors, tested for HIV and, if there was sufficient sera, for antibodies against Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or human herpesvirus 8 [HHV8]), using an immunofluorescent assay. Independent effects of these factors were identified using unconditional logistic regression, after adjusting for age group (|30, 30-44, 45+) and sex. Antibody status for KSHV was available for 68% (80) of cases and for 45% (607) of controls. Among cases, 78% (91) were male and 57% (66) were over the age of 35. Cases were more likely than controls to be from
The latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) of Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus functions as an origin-binding protein (OBP) and transcriptional regulator. LANA binds the terminal repeats via the C-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD) to support latent DNA replication. To date, the structure of LANA has not been solved. Sequence alignments among OBPs of gammaherpesviruses have revealed that the C terminus of LANA is structurally related to EBNA1, the OBP of Epstein-Barr virus. Based on secondary structure predictions for LANA(DBD) and published structures of EBNA1(DBD), this study used bioinformatics tools to model a putative structure for LANA(DBD) bound to DNA. To validate the predicted model, 38 mutants targeting the most conserved motifs, namely three alpha-helices and a conserved proline loop, were constructed and functionally tested. In agreement with data for EBNA1, residues in helices 1 and 2 mainly contributed to sequence-specific DNA binding and replication activity, whilst ...
Kaposis sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumor predominantly found in the immunosuppressed. Epidemiologic studies suggest that an infective agent is the etiologic culprit. Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), or human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), is a gamma human herpesvirus present in all epidemiol …
The aetiology and detection of human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8) DNA sequences in Kaposis sarcoma (KS) is a matter of intense investigation. We report on the detection of HHV-8 DNA and sequence polymorphism in different clinicopathological subtypes of cutaneous KS samples from South Africa. The diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination in all cases. Six patients had classic KS (CKS), 3 epidemic KS (EKS), and 3 iatrogenic KS (IKS). A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to detect HHV-8 DNA in cell lysates, prepared from formalin fixed, paraffin embedded sections. We investigated polymorphism in the HHV-8 DNA using single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis on the PCR products, followed by direct sequencing. HHV-8 DNA was detected in all the patients with KS, irrespective of the clinicopathological subtype. Direct sequencing was performed on 5 selected cases and showed single base pair substitutions in all. The spectrum of mutations was similar to those ...
Kaposi sarcoma, a tumor forming cancer developed from the cells lining the blood vessels, is one of the hallmark first sign of AIDS infection in patients, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This opportunistic infection causes pink or purple tumors to form on the skin and is life threatening to internal organs.. Dr. Mukhtar is a medical graduate from Nigeria. He earned his MPH in epidemiology from Texas A&M University and is a PhD student in the department of epidemiology and biostatistics.. There has been a change in the demographics of patients affected with Kaposi sarcoma and HIV/AIDS, Dr. Mukhtar said. These factors taken together make it important to study the associated tumors that patients with Kaposis sarcoma are at risk of developing.. According to Dr. Mukhtar, previous studies indicated that people who developed Kaposi sarcoma were at a higher risk of developing other cancers.. Using longitudinal data from January 1973 to December 2013 in nine cancer ...
Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is the most prevalent neoplasm within HIV-infected patients and transplant recipients. Kaposis Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) causes the disease by using a novel mechanism that reprograms endothelial cells making them susceptible targets for viral infection and dissemination. We and others reported that KSHV induces lymphatic differentiation of blood vascular endothelial cells (BECs), by inducing PROX1 up-regulation. Importantly, KSHV G-protein coupled receptor (vGPCR) has been identified as the major viral gene responsible for cellular transformation and disease maintenance. Given that PROX1 is an important mediator of KSHV-induced cell reprogramming, we set out to determine if it had other functional implications in KS pathogenesis. In this study, we report that the regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS)-4 is selectively expressed in BECs and not in LECs, and acts as a cellular agonist against the transformation function of vGPCR. In effect, we found that RGS4 is ...
A case-control study from Uganda found that the risk of Kaposis sarcoma increased with increasing titre of antibodies against Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) latent nuclear antigens, independently of HIV infection. Clinically, widespread Kaposis sarcoma was more frequent among patients with HIV infection than in those without, but was not related to anti-KSHV antibody titres.
The life cycle of Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) consists of two phases, latent and lytic. The virus establishes latency as a strategy for avoiding host immune surveillance and fusing symbiotically with the host for lifetime persistent infection. However, latency can be disrupted and KSHV is reactivated for entry into the lytic replication. Viral lytic replication is crucial for efficient dissemination from its long-term reservoir to the sites of disease and for the spread of the virus to new hosts. The balance of these two phases in the KSHV life cycle is important for both the virus and the host and control of the switch between these two phases is extremely complex. Various environmental factors such as oxidative stress, hypoxia, and certain chemicals have been shown to switch KSHV from latency to lytic reactivation. Immunosuppression, unbalanced inflammatory cytokines, and other viral co-infections also lead to the reactivation of KSHV. This review article summarizes the current
Antibody titres against Kaposis sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were examined in people who subsequently developed Kaposis sarcoma and non-Hodgkins lymphoma, within randomised controlled trials of antiretroviral therapy in adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV). For each case of Kaposis sarcoma (n=189) and each case of non-Hodgkins lymphoma (n=67), which developed after randomisation, one control was randomly selected from other trial participants, after matching for age, sex, ethnicity, mode of HIV transmission, type of treatment received and period of follow-up. Using sera taken an average of two and a half years before the diagnosis of cancer, titres of antibodies against KSHV latent (LANA) and lytic (K8.1) antigens and against EBV (VCA) antigens were investigated in relation to subsequent risks of cancer by calculating odds ratios (OR) using conditional logistic regression. Latent antibodies against KSHV
Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of Kaposis sarcoma (KS). It is endemic in a number of sub-Saharan African countries with infection rate of |50%. The high prevalence of HIV-1 coupled with late presentation of advanced cancer staging make KS the leading cancer in the region with poor prognosis and high mortality. Disease markers and cellular functions associated with KS tumorigenesis remain ill-defined. Several studies have attempted to investigate changes of the gene profile with in vitro infection of monoculture models, which are not likely to reflect the cellular complexity of the in vivo lesion environment. Our approach is to characterize and compare the gene expression profile in KS lesions versus non-cancer tissues from the same individual. Such comparisons could identify pathways critical for KS formation and maintenance. This is the first study that utilized high throughput RNA-seq to characterize the viral and cellular transcriptome in tumor and non-cancer
TY - JOUR. T1 - Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and Microarray Analysis Suggest Functional Cooperation between Kaposis Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF57 and K-bZIP. AU - Hunter, Olga V.. AU - Sei, Emi. AU - Blake Richardson, R.. AU - Conrad, Nicholas K.. PY - 2013/4. Y1 - 2013/4. N2 - The Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) open reading frame 57 (ORF57)-encoded protein (Mta) is a multifunctional regulator of viral gene expression. ORF57 is essential for viral replication, so elucidation of its molecular mechanisms is important for understanding KSHV infection. ORF57 has been implicated in nearly every aspect of viral gene expression, including transcription, RNA stability, splicing, export, and translation. Here we demonstrate that ORF57 interacts with the KSHV K-bZIP protein in vitro and in cell extracts from lytically reactivated infected cells. To further test the biological relevance of the interaction, we performed a chromatin immunoprecipitation and microarray (ChIP-chip) ...
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have shed new light on how Kaposis Sarcoma-associated Herpes Virus (KSHV) subverts normal cell machinery to cause cancer. A KSHV protein called latency-associated nuclear antigen, LANA for short, helps the virus hide out from the immune system in infected cells. When LANA takes the place of other proteins that control cell growth, it can cause uncontrolled cell replication.
Full Text PA-95-021 MODELS FOR AIDS AND AIDS-RELATED MALIGNANCIES NIH GUIDE, Volume 24, Number 2, January 20, 1995 PA NUMBER: PA-95-021 P.T. Keywords: National Cancer Institute National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases PURPOSE This Program Announcement (PA) is a joint effort by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to encourage investigators to develop useful and predictive biochemical, cellular, and in vivo models that could be used for the preclinical evaluation of new therapies against HIV disease and AIDS-related malignancies. The development of well- characterized in vitro and in vivo models would accelerate and facilitate the discovery of successful treatments, including drugs, vaccines, gene therapy, and immune modulators. HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000 The Public Health Service (PHS) is committed to achieving the health promotion and disease prevention objectives of Healthy People 2000, a PHS-led national activity for ...
Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus vOX2 protein: inhibits neutrophil function and can contribute to immune dysfunction and could have anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential