Sapovirus is a genetically diverse genus of single-stranded positive-sense RNA, non-enveloped viruses within the Caliciviridae family. Together with norovirus, sapoviruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis (commonly called the stomach flu although it is not related to influenza) in humans and other animals. Natural hosts for the virus are humans and swine. The virus is transmitted through oral/fecal contact. Sapovirus most commonly occurs in children and infants and therefore is often spread in nurseries and daycares; however, it has been found in long term care facilities. This could be due to a lack of personal hygiene and sanitation measures. Symptoms most commonly include diarrhea and vomiting. The sapovirus was initially discovered in an outbreak of gastroenteritis in an orphanage in Sapporo, Japan, 1977. Sapovirus is spread via the fecal/oral route. Infected individuals expel more than 10 9 {\displaystyle 10^{9}} particles/gram of feces or vomit. Particles from the ...

Read A confirmation of sapovirus re-infection gastroenteritis cases with different genogroups and genetic shifts in the evolving sapovirus genotypes, 2002-2011, Archives of Virology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

Norovirus and sapovirus are major agents of gastroenteritis and the first cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. Elucidation of the replication mechanisms underlying replication of those important pathogens may lay the ground stone for a comprehensive development of antiviral strategies targeting the replication complex. In this project, the interaction of the replication enzymes with the viral genome will be investigated. In a fist step, a bioinformatics screen for regulatory RNA elements will be performed. This screen will encompass the entire genome of prototype strains in the norovirus and sapovirus. Strongly structured RNA sequences will then be mapped in the viral genome. In a further experimental step, the interaction of the sequences with the viral enzymes will be addressed. This experimental step will occur in vitro using recombinant viral enzymes as well as synthetic RNA corresponding to the viral sequences identified. The interaction will be assessed with Plasmon resonance a ...

Article First detection of human sapoviruses in river water in South Africa. Over a 2-year period, from January 2009 to December 2010, water samples were collected from three rivers (Klip, Rietspruit and Suikerbosrand) in the Vaal River System, South...

Read A foodborne outbreak of sapovirus linked to catered box lunches in Japan, Archives of Virology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

To conduct a birth cohort study in Nicaragua to better understand the epidemiology, immunity and transmission patterns of sapovirus using next-generation sequencing strategies.

Opens the Highlight Feature Bar and highlights feature annotations from the FEATURES table of the record. The Highlight Feature Bar can be used to navigate to and highlight other features and provides links to display the highlighted region separately. Links in the FEATURES table will also highlight the corresponding region of the sequence. More... ...

A total of 921 fecal specimens collected from 44 infants in a day care center (DCC) in Tokyo, Japan during June 1999 to July 2000 were tested for the presence of rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus, astro

1 year ) and sapovirus ( SaV ) have crystals for diarrhea sporadically reported to cause chronic diarrhea [ ]. Potential and alertness in immunocompromised patients weight and height parameters were not influenced Jasper Sapphire! Are looking for the best way to create a customized CBD treatment plan 21.76... Unique Swarovski crystal accent beads do not eat the gels including improving brain potential and alertness Swarovski crystal Baltic,... Will cause limited signs and symptoms unless large enough stones develop of crystals Support... Their requirement for a baby or … Consequently, cats might vomit or have diarrhea of your every routine... Stools ≥ 3 times within 24 h and 72 h or longer5 pick and pack all of our high raw! The versatility of CBD crystals allows you to change your CBD dose easily depending your. Primary causes of diarrhea, as it improves circulation ( 1-5 years ) diarrhea in a Patient. Frequently occurs after renal transplantation and is usually ascribed to mycophenolic ...

Approximately 179 million cases of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) occur annually in the United States. However, lack of routine clinical testing for viruses limits understanding of their role among persons seeking medical care. Fecal specimens submitted for routine bacterial culture through a health maintenance organization in Georgia, USA, were tested with molecular diagnostic assays for norovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, and adenovirus. Incidence was estimated by using national health care utilization rates. Routine clinical diagnostics identified a pathogen in 42 (7.3%) of 572 specimens; inclusion of molecular viral testing increased pathogen detection to 15.7%. Community AGE incidence was 41,000 cases/100,000 person-years and outpatient incidence was 5,400/100,000 person-years. Norovirus was the most common pathogen, accounting for 6,500 (16%) and 640 (12%) per 100,000 person-years of community and outpatient AGE episodes, respectively. This study demonstrates that noroviruses are leading

Publications in 2015 The underlined (otherwise all) authors are from the Institute Papers Alkan F, Karayela I, Catella C, Bodnar L, Lanave G, Bányai K, Di Martino B, Decaro N, Buonavoglia C, Martella V. (2015): Identification of a bovine enteric calicivirus, Kırklareli virus, distantly related to neboviruses, in calves with enteritis in Turkey. Journal of Clinical. Microbiology, 53(11): 3614-3617.

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Deep sequencing of untreated sewage provides an opportunity to monitor enteric infections in large populations and for high-throughput viral discovery. A metagenomics analysis of purified viral particles in untreated sewage from the United States (San Francisco, CA), Nigeria (Maiduguri), Thailand (Bangkok), and Nepal (Kathmandu) revealed sequences related to 29 eukaryotic viral families infecting vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants (BLASTx E score, |10(-4)), including known pathogens (|90% protein identities) in numerous viral families infecting humans (Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Hepeviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Reoviridae), plants (Alphaflexiviridae, Betaflexiviridae, Partitiviridae, Sobemovirus, Secoviridae, Tombusviridae, Tymoviridae, Virgaviridae), and insects (Dicistroviridae, Nodaviridae, and Parvoviridae). The full and partial genomes of a novel kobuvirus, salivirus, and sapovirus are described. A novel astrovirus (casa astrovirus) basal to those

Deep sequencing of untreated sewage provides an opportunity to monitor enteric infections in large populations and for high-throughput viral discovery. A metagenomics analysis of purified viral particles in untreated sewage from the United States (San Francisco, CA), Nigeria (Maiduguri), Thailand (Bangkok), and Nepal (Kathmandu) revealed sequences related to 29 eukaryotic viral families infecting vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants (BLASTx E score, |10(-4)), including known pathogens (|90% protein identities) in numerous viral families infecting humans (Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Hepeviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Reoviridae), plants (Alphaflexiviridae, Betaflexiviridae, Partitiviridae, Sobemovirus, Secoviridae, Tombusviridae, Tymoviridae, Virgaviridae), and insects (Dicistroviridae, Nodaviridae, and Parvoviridae). The full and partial genomes of a novel kobuvirus, salivirus, and sapovirus are described. A novel astrovirus (casa astrovirus) basal to those

Soil is a reservoir for a diversity of transient human pathogenic viruses and protozoa that include some species with truly edaphic lifestyles. The ability to detect these pathogens in soil has increased in tandem with concerns about the impact of human activity on soil quality. Separation from the sample matrix and concentration in solution free of interfering contaminants are key preliminary steps to the detection and/or identification of specific species, which is increasingly performed with sensitive molecular methods. The present chapter describes procedures applied in the separation of viruses from soil by desorption from soil particles, their concentration and detection/quantification in laboratory-grown mammalian cell cultures using Quantal methods or plaque assays. Methods for extraction of nucleic acids to permit detection of viruses that are presently difficult or impossible due grow in vitro due to a lack of suitable cell lines (noroviruses, astroviruses, sapoviruses, rotaviruses, hepatitis

St. Boniface Hospital has no idea how much raw sewage has leaked into the ground near the Red River from cracks in century-old pipes under the hospital, a spokesperson says.

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The Democratic National Committee has apologized after one of its campaign buses was spotted dumping raw sewage along a road outside Atlanta…

Abacus Diagnostica launches worlds fastest molecular test for detection and differentiation of Norovirus genogroups I and II. GenomEra® Norovirus assay has received CE mark for IVD use and is now available for ordering. For more information please visit our Norovirus product page. For a special introductory offer please contact your local distributor.. ...

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Caliciviral infections in humans, among the most common causes of viral-induced vomiting and diarrhea, are caused by the Norwalk group of small round structured viruses, the Sapporo caliciviruses, and the hepatitis E agent. Human caliciviruses have been resistant to in vitro cultivation, and direct study of their origins and reservoirs outside infected humans or water and foods (such as shellfish contaminated with human sewage) has been difficult. Modes of transmission, other than direct fecal-oral routes, are not well understood. In contrast, animal viruses found in ocean reservoirs, which make up a second calicivirus group, can be cultivated in vitro. These viruses can emerge and infect terrestrial hosts, including humans. This article reviews the history of animal caliciviruses, their eventual recognition as zoonotic agents, and their potential usefulness as a predictive model for noncultivatable human and other animal caliciviruses (e.g., those seen in association with rabbit hemorrhagic disease).

Noroviruses (NoVs) belong to the genus Norovirus and are members of the family Caliciviridae. NoVs are the dominant cause of outbreaks of gastroenteritis, but progress in understanding the molecular c

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From time to time, I get taken to task for what I write...and that is a good thing. In my recent nation-wide Ports and Bows column on the subject of norovirus, I suggested that if youre about to go on a cruise and you have the flu, then stay home ...

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Feline calicivirus (FCV)-a member of the Vesivirus-represents an important pathogen of cats. Sapovirus, Norovirus, and Vesivirus have been detected in pigs, making this animal species of particular interest in the study of calicivirus pathogenesis and host range. The first mouse norovirus, murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1), was discovered in 2003. Since then, numerous murine norovirus strains have been identified and they were assigned a new genogroup in the genus Norovirus. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus is a pathogen of rabbits that causes major problems throughout the world where rabbits are reared for food and clothing, make a significant contribution to ecosystem ecology, and where they support valued wildlife as a food source.[4]. ...

en] Bovine noroviruses belong to the family Caliciviridae, genus Norovirus. Two genotypes are described and viruses genetically related to the Jena and Newbury-2 strains are classified into genotypes 1 and 2 respectively. In this study, virus-like particles (VLP) of the previously detected B309 Belgian strain, genetically related to genotype 2 bovine noroviruses, were used to investigate virus-host interactions in vitro. B309 VLP were shown to bind to several bovine cell lines. This binding was not affected by heparinase or chondroitinase treatment but was significantly inhibited by both sodium periodate, alpha-galactosidase, trypsin and phospholipase C treatment. Cell treatment by neuraminidase also moderately affected this binding. Taken together, these results show that, in addition to a galactosyl residue, sialic acid could also be involved in binding to susceptible cells. In addition, both the cholesterol-dependent pathway and macropinocytosis are used for B309 VLP internalisation by ...

en] Bovine noroviruses belong to the family Caliciviridae, genus Norovirus. Two genotypes are described and viruses genetically related to the Jena and Newbury-2 strains are classified into genotypes 1 and 2 respectively. In this study, virus-like particles (VLP) of the previously detected B309 Belgian strain, genetically related to genotype 2 bovine noroviruses, were used to investigate virus-host interactions in vitro. B309 VLP were shown to bind to several bovine cell lines. This binding was not affected by heparinase or chondroitinase treatment but was significantly inhibited by both sodium periodate, alpha-galactosidase, trypsin and phospholipase C treatment. Cell treatment by neuraminidase also moderately affected this binding. Taken together, these results show that, in addition to a galactosyl residue, sialic acid could also be involved in binding to susceptible cells. In addition, both the cholesterol-dependent pathway and macropinocytosis are used for B309 VLP internalisation by ...

The organism is also known as Norwalk-like viruses or caliciviruses. The disease is also known as stomach flu or viral gastroenteritis.

To the extent that Im a virologist at all, Im mostly a DNA virus kind of guy, so I cant give a lot of deep background about noroviruses. I know what everyone

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Human noroviruses - the leading viral cause of acute diarrhea around the world - have been difficult to study because scientists had not found a way to grow them in the lab.

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Caliciviruses. T2 - A major cause of foodborne illness. AU - Gerba, C. P.. AU - Kayed, D.. PY - 2003/5. Y1 - 2003/5. N2 - The public health impact of infections by human caliciviruses (HuCVs) is increasingly being recognized. The Norwalk-like viruses (NLV) are the most common cause of outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis and the most recognized foodborne viral etiologic agents. Factors that contribute to their high burden of infection are low infectious dose, stability in the environment, the diversity of strains, and the lack of long-term immunity to infection or illness. The recent development of sensitive molecular techniques for diagnosis, quantification, and characterization of these agents has led to the recognition of the importance of NLV infection. Future applications of these approaches to understanding modes of transmission and the effectiveness of control measures holds promise for improved understanding of the epidemiology of HuCVs, as well as important control ...

Genetic characterization of a reptilian calicivirus (Cro1) : Vesiviruses in the family Caliciviridae infect a broad range of animal hosts including mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles. The vesivirus Cro1 strains were isolated from diseased snakes in the San Diego zoo in 1978 and reported as the first caliciviruses found in reptiles. The goal of this study was to characterize the Cro1 strain 780032I that was isolated in cell culture from a rock

There has been a outbreak of gastroenteritis in Ludhiana and around 34 people have been admitted to local hospitals.

Gastroenteritis due to a variety of organisms is one of the major causes of childhood mortality in the tropics. The substitution of the milk bottle for breast feeding is increasing rather than decreasing the problem. Mismanagement of artificial feeding is a serious cause, due to pathogenic coliform organisms.. Unwashed fruits contaminated with pathogenic organisms by flies are also a common cause of non-specific gastroenteritis in children and adults.. ...

Norovirus (NoV) genogroups I and II (GI and GII) are now recognized as the predominant worldwide cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in humans. Three recombinant NoV GII isolates were identified and characterized, 2 of which are unrelated to ...

mobil: +421 55 6331411 MVDr. Emília Dvorožňáková, PhD., je vedúca oddelenia parazitozoonóz na Parazitologickom ústave SAV. Vo svojej vedeckej práci sa zaoberá štúdiom patogenézy a diagnostiky parazitárnych zoonóz, úlohou imunokompetentných buniek a ich cytokínovej produkcie pri imunomodulácii a terapii helmintóz. Zameriava sa na bunkou sprostredkovanú imunitnú odpoveď hostiteľa voči parazitovi, závislú na interakciách T-lymfocytov a makrofágov. Bola zodpovednou riešiteľkou domácich projektov APVV a VEGA, medziakademickej spolupráce s Poľskou akadémiou vied, participovala na riešení medzinárodného projektu 5. rámcového programu EÚ (TRICHIPORSE) a bilaterálnych projektov s talianskou univerzitou La Sapiensa v Ríme. Realizovala študijný pobyt v Japonsku podporovaný Japan Society for Promotion of Science na Tokyo Medical and Dental University, absolvovala stáže na Mikrobiologickom a Parazitologickom ústave Akadémie vied Českej republiky a na ...

Monday 02 January 2012With the latest figures suggesting that up to 1.12 million people could be affected by an outbreak of norovirus in the UK, Channel 4 News looks at the virus and why it is so contagious.What are the symptoms of norovirus?Noroviruses are the most common cause of stomach bugs, or gastroenteritis, in the UK.

Opens the Highlight Feature Bar and highlights feature annotations from the FEATURES table of the record. The Highlight Feature Bar can be used to navigate to and highlight other features and provides links to display the highlighted region separately. Links in the FEATURES table will also highlight the corresponding region of the sequence. More... ...

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Vicente-Serrano, S.M.; Zabalza-Martínez, J.; Borràs, G.; López-Moreno, J.I.; Pla, E.; Pascual, D.; Savé, R.; Biel, C.; Funes, I.; Azorin-Molina, C.; Sanchez-Lorenzo, A.; Martín-Hernández, N.; Peña-Gallardo, M.; Alonso-González, E.; Tomas-Burguera, M.; Kenawy, A.El (Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 2017-04-13) ...

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