The goal of the present study was to evaluate yield and fruit quality of two strawberry cultivars grown in a greenhouse on semi-closed soilless culture, irrigated with four different salinity levels. The experiment was carried out in Almería, Spain, and was set as a 4×2 factorial design with 3 replicates. The treatments consisted of four different salinity levels on the nutrient solution applied during the generative stage in two different cultivars, Primoris and Albion. Fruits were harvested from December through May, and pH, total soluble solids (°Brix), dry matter, weight, firmness, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and total phenolic compounds were analyzed. In both cultivars, the salinity increased fruit dry matter, total soluble solids content and titratable acidity. There were no significant differences among the salinity levels on fruit yield and concentration of phenolic compounds. The salinity effect on Vitamin C and carotenoids content was not clear. The results ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Anthropogenic and tidal influences on salinity levels of the Shatt al-Arab River, Basra, Iraq. AU - Abdullah, Ali Dinar. AU - Karim, Usama F.A.. AU - Masih, Ilyas. AU - Popescu, Ioana. AU - van der Zaag, Pieter. PY - 2016/7/2. Y1 - 2016/7/2. N2 - ABSTRACT: Understanding the salinity variation caused by a combination of anthropogenic and marine sources is important for water resource management in heavily used rivers impacted by tidal influence. A quantitative analysis of intra-annual variability of salinity levels was conducted in the Shatt al-Arab River. Based on hourly records during 2014, the results showed high spatiotemporal variability in the range of 0.2-40.0 ppt. Similarities in salinity dynamics were used to divide the river course into four distinct spatial units to guide respective management actions. Salinity dynamics are influenced by different sources of saline water inflows and withdrawals associated with irrigation, industrial and municipal waste, marshes and by ...

Temporal Coherence in Real-Time Rendering, 978-3-639-09196-0, Real-time rendering imposes the challenging task of creating a new rendering of an input scene at least 60 times per second. Although computer graphics hardware has made staggering advances in terms of speed and freedom of programmability in recent years, there still exists a number of algorithms that are just too expensive to be calculated in this time budget, like for instance exact shadows or an exact global illumination solution. One way to circumvent this hard time limit is to capitalize on temporal coherence to formulate algorithms incremental in time. To this end, three algorithms which successfully incorporate temporal coherence are analysed in detail. To highlight the benefits which are provided by these new practical algorithms, this book also includes the respective previous work. This includes not only the field of temporal coherence, but also the fields of real-time hard and soft shadows and discrete LOD blending. This book

The study was conducted to determine the optimum salinity levels (24 ppt, 28 ppt, 32 ppt, 36 ppt and 40 ppt) for the survival and settlement rates of H. asinina in a complete randomized design with three replicates each. The experimental animals were reared in 15 glass aquaria for the first run and in plexiglass for the second run. Feeding of Navicula spp. was done once a day. Temperature and dissolved oxygen were monitored throughout the experiment. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA to determine significant difference among treatments at 0.05 level of significance using Social Package for Social Science. Result of the first run showed that 32 ppt had the highest mean survival (1.50%) and mean settlement rate (1.84%). Similar result was also observed in 32 ppt with highest mean survival (9.72%) and mean settlement rate (16.42%). Significant difference existed among treatments during the second run of the experiment. Results showed that 28 ppt and 32 ppt were the optimum salinity levels for ...

Salinity stress in both NaCl concentrations tested severely altered plant growth, gas exchange attributes, leaf water status and membrane injury responses of both pepper genotypes [particularly the salt-sensitive Demre, and especially under the higher (150 mm) salinity]. The exogenous application of 2 mm Si significantly ameliorated NaCl toxicity in both genotypes. However, this influence was more pronounced for the salt-sensitive pepper at both salinity concentrations, especially in counteracting effects on biomass production and photosynthesis. Si additions either increased resistance to salt stress at 75 mm salinity or prevented a complete collapse at 150 mm salinity. Leaf area was reduced under salinity stress because in an attempt by the plant to minimize water loss via evapotranspiration. However, plants subjected to salinity stress but provided amendments of Si, acquired higher leaf area and shoot and root biomass (dry). Enhancement of plant growth under salinity stress have also been ...

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food that feeds more than half the world population. As rice is highly sensitive to soil salinity, current trends in soil salinization threaten global food security. To better understand the mechanistic basis of salinity tolerance in rice, three contrasting rice cultivars - Reiziq (tolerant), Doongara (moderately tolerant), and Koshihikari (sensitive) - were examined and the differences in operation of key ion transporters mediating ionic homeostasis in these genotypes were evaluated. Tolerant varieties had reduced Na+ translocation from roots to shoots. Electrophysiological and quantitative reverse transcription PCR experiments showed that tolerant genotypes possessed 2-fold higher net Na+ efflux capacity in the root elongation zone. Interestingly, this efflux was only partially mediated by the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter (OsSOS1), suggesting involvement of some other exclusion mechanisms. No significant difference in Na+ exclusion from the mature root ...

Copepods are one of the most abundant and diverse live food sources for mesopelagic and bathypelagic fishes and crustaceans. They could contribute to the overlap of the transition period from live feed to an artificial weaning diet in marine larvae production. However, the culture conditions still need optimization to provide sufficient production to cover the increasing demand for marine hatcheries. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of different salinity levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 ppt) on the population growth, growth rate, and population composition (males, females, copepodite, and nauplii ratio) of the marine copepod, Oithona nana. The experiment continued for 15 days, under laboratory-controlled conditions of temperature (27 ± 1 °C), pH (7.7 ± 0.15), and continuous gentle aeration in 30 L glass aquaria. The copepod culture aquaria were supplemented with a mixture of soybean and yeast (0.5 g 10−6 individual−1 24-h−1) as a feed source. The highest significant

I found that processes such as growth, respiration and N transformation rates were strongly negatively reduced in response to acute salt exposure. However, increased salt tolerance of the microbial community could be induced quickly, combined with a partial recovery of process rates. A strong relationship between soil salinity and community salt tolerance was also found along natural gradients of salinity. Higher community salt tolerance was reflected in shifts in the composition of the bacterial community. Fungi were less sensitive to salt exposure than bacteria, which manifested in less inhibition of fungal growth both after short-term and long-term exposure to salinity. When salinity was combined with drying of soils, the effects of the individual factors were exacerbated. Increased soil salinity also modified the microbial response to rewetting of died soil ...

نسخه قابل چاپ خلاصه مقاله Low Salinity Water flooding and Combination of Low Salinity Water flooding with Surfactant and Alkaline Injection to Improve Oil Recovery - Core Flooding Experiments - گواهی پذیرش مقاله در کنفرانس

In the present study, transgenic rice plants ectopically expressing the PDH45 gene (TR), were tested under early-induced salinity stress conditions and compared with the wild type rice genotype IR64 (WT) and the empty vector control (EV). The TR plants are resistant to salinity stress and represent a valid system for testing the genes and miRNAs expression patters in comparison with the WT plants. The short-term response to salinity stress may be particularly relevant to better understand the biological significance of stress status in plant responses to salinity.. A preliminary characterization of the stress response in rice was carried out by measuring the chlorophyll content and the free proline levels. The damage caused by salt stress was evident from the degree of bleaching observed in the leaf tissues, along with a decrease in chlorophyll content. However, the reduction in chlorophyll content was significantly higher in WT plants, compared with TR plants. Since the goal of this study was ...

The aim of this study is to discover the activity of extracellular enzymes (amidase , alkaline phosphatase and Arylsulphatase) in vertical and horizontal developing directions of rhizosphere (0-5 and 5-10) cm . The plot experiment is performed in college of Agriculture / Al-Qadissiya University for the spring season 2013 ,the loamy sand soil was used to cultivate Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum mill) and Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) plants under salinity levels (without salted the natural salinity) , 6 , 8 and 10 ds.m-1 and compost levels (0,10 ,20)T.h-1 , and their interactions randomized complete design (RCD) is used with three replicates used with L.S.D test 5% level .The laboratory experiment is performed to determine the all enzymes activity above for all treatments . The results are summarized as : 1- Enzyme activity decreases with increasing the salinity levels for all enzymes used in this study and the salinity level 10 ds.m-1 is the lowest. The arrangement of activity values as Alkaline

A laboratory experiment was undertaken to analyze the effects of salinity on growth, body composition, oxygen consumption, and ammonia excretion of anadromous American shad (Alosa sapidissima) juveniles. Results showed the best survival rate occurred at 5‰ and 15‰. The relative weight gain and the specific growth rate declined as salinity increased. However, feed conversion rate increased with increasing salinity. Oxygen consumption rates showed a parabolic relationship in relation to salinity. From the quadratic relationship (y= -0.0004x2+0.0166x+0.319; R2=0.801; ...

Salinity imposes a major constraint over the productivity of rice. A set of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs), derived from a cross between the japonica type cultivar (cv.) Nipponbare (salinity sensitive) and the indica type cv. 9311 (moderately tolerant), was scored using a hydroponics system for their salinity tolerance at the seedling stage. Two of the CSSLs, which share a ~1.2 Mbp stretch of chromosome 4 derived from cv. Nipponbare, were as sensitive to the stress as cv. Nipponbare itself. Fine mapping based on an F2 population bred from a backcross between one of these CSSLs and cv. 9311 narrowed this region to 95 Kbp, within which only one gene (OsHAK1) exhibited a differential (lower) transcript abundance in cv. Nipponbare and the two CSSLs compared to in cv. 9311. The gene was up-regulated by exposure to salinity stress both in the root and the shoot, while a knockout mutant proved to be more salinity sensitive than its wild type with respect to its growth at both the ...

Soil salinity is the dominant process in the degradation of arid and semi-arid soils, which in turn reduces crop yields, increases erosion, and exacerbates desertification. In recent years, soil salinity has affected much of the land in the Atabieh area located in the west of Khuzestan province...

So Ive been reading up... and Im going to ask lots and lots of questions to the point you are annoyed with me. So in a couple books Ive seen mention a short freshwater dip or using a lower salinity in your QT tank with marine fish. Apparently parasitic organisms do not handle low salinity well whereas the fish are more adaptable. Now granted my books are not exactly the most current, but Ive not seen too much talk on this here, so is this actually fairly common? I saw one post that

Elastic turbulence, which is sensitive to geometry and polymer rheology, has shown great potential for improving the performance of mixing, heat transfer, and even oil recovery. Recent studies showed the importance of the rheological properties of polymer solutions on the onset of elastic turbulence. However, variations of rheological properties based on polymer sensitivities such as salinity and its corresponding effects on the elastic turbulence have not been revealed. This work investigated systematically the effects of salinity on the onset of elastic turbulence in both swirling flow and curvilinear microchannels. The variations of statistical properties, such as probability distribution functions (PDFs) and power spectral density of injected power (PSD), were analyzed for characterization. The onset conditions of elastic turbulence are postponed by high salinity, which is consistent with the mixing performance in a curvilinear microchannel. A salinity independent power-law exponent at a ...

Calcium is one of the essential nutrients for growth and development of plants. It is an important component of various structures in cell wall and membranes. Besides some fundamental roles under normal condition, calcium functions as a major secondary-messenger molecule in plants under different developmental cues and various stress conditions including salinity stress. Also changes in cytosolic pH, pHcyt, either individually, or in coordination with changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]cyt, evoke a wide range of cellular functions in plants including signal transduction in plant-defense responses against stresses. It is believed that salinity stress, like other stresses, is perceived at cell membrane, either extra cellular or intracellular, which then triggers an intracellular-signaling cascade including the generation of secondary messenger molecules like Ca2+ and protons. The variety and complexity of Ca2+ and pH signaling result from the nature of the stresses as well as the ...

The effects of polarization, sea water salinity, and temperature on top of atmosphere radiances and water leaving radiances (WLRs) are discussed using radiative transfer simulations for MEdium resolution imaging spectrometer (MERIS) channels from 412 to 900 nm. A coupled system of an aerosol-free atmosphere and an ocean bulk containing chlorophyll and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) (case 1 waters) was simulated. A simple, but realistic, bio-optical model was set up to relate chlorophyll concentration and wavelength to scattering matrices and absorption coefficients for chlorophyll and colored CDOM. The model of the optical properties of the sea water accounts for the salinity, temperature, and wavelength dependence of the relative refractive index, as well as the absorption and the bulk scattering coefficient. The results show that the relative difference of WLRs at zenith for a salinity of 5 practical salinity units (PSUs) and 35 PSU can reach values of 16% in the 412 nm channel, ...

Saveer offers Salinity/Salt Tolerance Screening Facility. Features are Salinity levels in soils can range from very slight to very severe within a few meters.

The experiment was conducted in pot culture from November 1998 to March 1999 at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Eighteen B. campestris hybrids and their 6 parents were tested for saline tolerance. The genotypes were grown in earthen pots. Mixture of soil and cowdung in 3:1 ratio was the growth media. Sodium chloride was used as the sources of salt. Two salinity levels viz., 1.43 and 12.00 dS m1 EC were maintained. There were three replications in each treatment. The genotypes were grown up to maturity and the characters germination percentage, days to germination, plant height at 25, 35 and 45 days, days to flowering, plant height at harvest, days to maturity and seed yield/ plant were studied. The analysis of variance showed that variation due to salinity levels, genotypes and interaction between salinity levels and genotypes were significant for the experiment. Comparing the mean values of 12 dS m1EC with that of the control i.e., ...

Rice is mainly produced in deltas, where paddy fields decrease the usual soil salinity in these areas.. In Ebro Delta, the Apple Snail pest is destroying the rice seedlings, damaging the rice production. Some of the methods used to control that invasive species are to flood the paddy fields with sea water and dry seeding. However, those methods increase the field salinity.. IRTA researcher Mar Català explains in this video how the Neurice project might help to solve that problem.. ...

The Hanna Instruments Marine Salinity and Temperature Tester (HI98319) was designed to simplify testing your salt mix`s salinity and temperature in seconds, with reading results in parts per thousand (ppt), Practical Salinity Units (PSU), or specific gravity (S.G.).. This waterproof tester uses a graphite amperometric conductivity probe, which is resistant to oxidation, improving the measurement repetition to determine the salt content in the water. The use of a graphite probe also reduces the polarization effect common with testers that use two stainless steel pins.. Calibration is performed by pressing the dedicated calibration button. Once in calibration mode, the probe is placed in 35.00 ppt calibration standard. When the standard value is recognized and stability reached, the meter will automatically accept and store the value.. The Hanna Marine Salinity Tester displays the readings along with temperature on an easy to read large LCD screen.. Better Features for Better Testing. ...

Salinity and priming induced changes in electrophoretic profiles of leaf proteins were analyzed using SDSPAGE. Wheat (Auqab-2000) seeds were grown under saline (150 mM NaCl) and non-saline (H2O) conditions after five priming treatments i.e. hydropriming, freezing (-20°C), 100 mM CaCl2.2H2O, 0.28 mM ascorbate (AsA) and 0.36 mM salicylic acid (SA). Salinity caused the induction of a new protein with molecular weight of 38 kDa which was not observed in the control. This protein (38 kDa) was not repressed by priming treatments. Salinity also induced a 29 kDa protein which was completely repressed by priming treatments. Two peptides (27 and 25 kDa) disappeared under salinity. However, these peptides did not disappear on AsA, SA and CaCl2.2H2O priming. Most prominent priming induced protein (PIP) was a 36.7 kDa peptide which was expressed by all priming treatments under non-saline condition. The intensity of this peptide was higher in case of freezing and hydropriming. Priming with AsA, CaCl2.2H2O ...

This salinity meter is an ion-selective meter which uses a sodium electrode to read directly the salt (NaCl) content of a solution. There are 4 measurement ranges spanning a wide spectrum from 0.150 g/L all the way to 300 g/L! A separate temperature probe provides temperature readings in Centigrade from 0 to 80ºC in 0.1ºC steps. Both NaCl and ºC measurements are shown simultaneously on a large LCD display. The meter is completely water and dust-proof for the best protection in industrial environments and humid conditions. Measures salinity content and temperature Rugged and waterproof for harsh processing environments 4 ranges of measurement for salinity All operations are microprocessor-controlled and calibration is easy and automatic. Once the CAL key is pressed, graphic prompts appear on the display to guide the user through the calibration process which is automatic at 2 points; the first calibration point is at 3.0 g/L, while the second can be either at 0.30 (low range) or at 30.0 g/L (high

Instrument performance verification is necessary so that effective existing technologies can be recognized, and so that promising new technologies can become available to support coastal science, resource management, and ocean observing systems. The Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) has therefore completed an evaluation of commercially available in situ salinity sensors. While the sensors evaluated have many potential applications, the focus of this Performance Verification was on nearshore moored and profiled deployments and at a performance resolution of between 0.1 - 0.01 salinity units. In this Verification Statement, we present the performance results of the CS547A salinity probe evaluated in the laboratory and under diverse environmental conditions in moored field tests. In addition the OBS-3A salinity probe was tested in a vertical profiling application. A total of one laboratory site and five different field sites were used for testing, including tropical coral r ...

Osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR), which integrates forward osmosis (FO) with biological treatment, has been developed to advance wastewater treatment and reuse. OMBR is superior to conventional MBR, particularly in terms of higher effluent quality, lower membrane fouling propensity, and higher membrane fouling reversibility. Nevertheless, advancement and future deployment of OMBR are hindered by salinity build-up in the bioreactor (e.g., up to 50 mS/cm indicated by the mixed liquor conductivity), due to high salt rejection of the FO membrane and reverse diffusion of the draw solution. This review comprehensively elucidates the relative significance of these two mechanisms towards salinity build-up and its associated effects in OMBR operation. Recently proposed strategies to mitigate salinity build-up in OMBR are evaluated and compared to highlight their potential in practical applications. In addition, the complementarity of system optimization and modification to effectively manage salinity build-up

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Devaleraea ramentacea represents one of the few red macroalgal species endemic to the Arctic. Previous unifactorial experiments revealed a generally high tolerance of D. ramentacea to variation in abiotic conditions. Although in the field the effects of photosynthetically active (PAR) and UV-radiation, temperature and salinity are usually interconnected, studies on interactive effects on its physiology are scarce. Mesocosm-experiments under natural solar radiation as well as laboratory set-ups under defined, artificial radiation conditions, at three different water temperatures and at different salinities were conducted at Spitsbergen in order to reveal physiological responses of D. ramentacea under multiple abiotic stresses. Photosynthetic measurements confirm the high tolerance of adult sporophytes of D. ramentacea towards single and combined stress factors. Experimentally induced changes in the content of UV-screening mycosporine-like amino acids (MAA) and the enzymatic activity of ...

Fish held in hypo or hyperosmotic environments would show additional energy requirements for osmoregulation that could hamper growth when compared to those kept at an isosmotic environment (Boeuf & Payan, 2001; Tsuzuki et al., 2007; Herrera et al., 2009; Pérez-Robles ., 2012Pérez-Robles, J., A. D. Re, I. Giffard-Mena & F. Díaz. 2012. Interactive effects of salinity on oxygen consumption, ammonium excretion, osmoregulation and Na+/K+-ATPase expression in the bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus, Jenyns 1842). Aquaculture Research, 43: 1372-1383.). Energy cost associated with osmoregulation may vary at the different ontogenetic developmental stages. In addition, response to salinity has shown to be highly variable among fish species. This variation is likely associated with the interaction between osmoregulatory mechanisms with other physiological processes (Jobling, 1994; Imsland et al., 2002Imsland, A. K., A. Foss, S. W. Bonga, E. V. Ham & S. O. Stefansson. 2002. Comparison of growth and ...

Since the application of poor-quality irrigation water is frequently the cause of the salinization of the soils given over to the cultivation of roses in Tenerife we carried out an irrigation trial with two waters of high salinity at concentrations of 15,70 meq/l of Cl-, and 13,60 meq/l of CO$H- respectively. Both types of water caused a significant reduction in the yields of the cultivar Sonia, which was greater in the treatment with chlorinated water. The quality of the flower (expressed as a percentage of extra flowers) decreased considerably in the plants treated with bicarbonated water, and was reduced by 50% in relation to the control, in the case of rose bushes treated with chlorinated water. In neither of the two cases were visible symptoms of salt toxicity noticed ...

Soil salinity affects large areas of cultivated land, causing significant reductions in crop yield globally. The Na+ toxicity of many crop plants is correlated with overaccumulation of Na+ in the shoot. We have previously suggested that the engineering of Na+ exclusion from the shoot could be achieved through an alteration of plasma membrane Na+ transport processes in the root, if these alterations were cell type specific. Here, it is shown that expression of the Na+ transporter HKT1;1 in the mature root stele of Arabidopsis thaliana decreases Na+ accumulation in the shoot by 37 to 64%. The expression of HKT1;1 specifically in the mature root stele is achieved using an enhancer trap expression system for specific and strong overexpression. The effect in the shoot is caused by the increased influx, mediated by HKT1;1, of Na+ into stelar root cells, which is demonstrated in planta and leads to a reduction of root-to-shoot transfer of Na+. Plants with reduced shoot Na+ also have increased salinity ...

Closely spaced drip tape emitters can enhance salt management for seed germination, leach salts in permanent crops, dilute soil salinity for salt-sensitive crops and manipulate the wetting pattern - all with less cost and more efficiency than widely spaced emitters. Read the full article…. ...

Buy or Rent Integrated Management of Salt Affected Soils in Agriculture: Incorporation of Soil Salinity Control Methods as an eTextbook and get instant access.

Salinity gradient technologies generate electricity from the chemical pressure differential created by differences in ionic concentration between freshwater and saltwater. Seawater has a higher osmotic pressure than freshwater due to its high concentration of salt. Two main technology types, Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) and Pressure-Retarded Osmosis (PRO), make use of semi-permeable membranes which generate an osmotic potential that can be used to generate electricity using turbines in deltas or fjords.

Read CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE G2 regulates salinity stress response and salt mediated flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana, Plant Molecular Biology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

Salinity measurements and definitions throughout history== [[Image:DittmarTbl.PNG ,thumb,400px,align:right, Constant composition of seawater (Dittmar, 1884)]] Since as far as Ancient Greece times, attempts have been made to try to measure the saltiness of seawater. However, methods efficiency was very incipient and their sensitivity and repeatability was very limited. During the Modern History more precise methodologies were developed: weighing after evaporation (Boyle,1693; Birch, 1965), solvent extraction (Lavoisier, 1772) and precipitation (Bergman, 1784). In 1865, Forchhammer introduced the term salinity and dedicated himself to measure individual components of seasalt rather than the total salinity. He found that the ratio of major salts in samples of seawater from various locations was constant. This constant ratio is known as Forchhammers Principle, or the Principle of Constant Proportions. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, William Dittmar, following the work of Forchhammer, ...

The Istek battery powered portable Multi 90i Multi Meter covers pH, ISE, ORP, DO, O2, Air, Conductivity, TDS, Salinity, Temperature and includes a Multi Probe (pH, ORP, DO, EC and Temperature). The Istek Laboratory Multi Meter CP-500L covers pH, ORP, ISE, EC, TDS, Salinity and Temperature. The Laboratory Multi Meter PD-600L covers pH, ORP, ISE, DO, O2, Air, Temperature. Both the VanLondon CP-500L and the VanLondon PD-600L offer Dual Channel productivity. The Laboratory Multi Meter PD-700L covers pH, ORP, ISE, DO, O2, Air, EC, TDS, Salinity, Temperature in a compact Triple Channel package.

The Latest and Greatest from Salinity Gear. Throw out those annoying buffs and apply less sunscreen when you switch to a Salinity Gear Performance Hoodie. The Best in Performance Fishing Apparel.

Read The woody plant poplar has a functionally conserved salt overly sensitive pathway in response to salinity stress, Plant Molecular Biology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

Genotypic difference in salinity tolerance in quinoa is determined by differential control of xylem Na|sup|+|/sup| loading and stomatal density

This thesis investigates the influence of salinity on the mechanical behavior of smectitic rich high plasticity soils resedimented with pore fluid salinities ranging from 0 to 256 g/L. An extensive laboratory testing program involving Constant Rate of Strain (CRS) and K₀ consolidated undrained shear in compression triaxial testing (CK₀UC) was undertaken. Specimens tested in the modified CRS device reached axial effective stresses between 30 and 40 MPa. Triaxial testing was performed over a very wide range of effective stresses from 0.125 to 10 MPa, with one test consolidated to 63 MPa. Behavior is examined at pore fluid salinities of 4, 64, and 256 g/L. The shear behavior of all specimens was obtained in the normally consolidated region. Six different soils from the Gulf of Mexico region, ranging in liquid limit from 62 % to 90 %, were tested to determine the impact of varying salinity on one dimensional consolidation and permeability properties. The majority of testing was carried out on ...

Article: Martinez-Palacios CA, Salgado-Garcia RL, Racotta IS & Ross L (2008) Effects of salinity on eggs, larvae, and juveniles of blacknose silversides from Lake Chapala, Mexico. |i|North American Journal of Aquaculture|/i|, 70 (1), pp. 12-19. https://doi.org/10.1577/A06-026.1

Salt OUT The solution to your salinity issues! - Agriculture - Crop Cultivation by Terawet Green Technologies, Inc. (TGT). Salt Out™ reduces or eliminates salinity stress in plant growth by sequestering sodium and chloride ions from penetrating plant...

Salinity is a global issue and main problem in most area of world. There are three basic types of salty soils,. 1. Saline soils: the soils which have electrical conductivity (EC) ,4 dS m-1; exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) ,15%; pH below 8.5 and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of 0-12.. 2. Saline-sodic soils: these have EC ,4 dS m-1, pH below 8.5, ESP ,15%, SAR ,12. and. 3. Sodic soils: have EC less than 4 dS m-1, pH above 8.5, ESP is ,15% and SAR above 12. These types of soils may cause abiotic stress in plants known as saline stress. There are various abiotic stress factors that affect growth and productivity of plants in earth planet. On regular basis, plants are in continuous exposure to pressure conditions such as water shortage, saltiness, higher temperature, heavy rainfall and heavy metal toxic levels. Salt stress characterized by higher accumulation of salts is a serious threat and a main restraint to growth and productivity of crop plants. Salinity incurs drastic changes in plants ...

Completely mixed water column with full salinity A water column which is completely and actively mixed, not influenced by freshwater, so that the salinity is the same as that in adjacent seawater. This habitat type is usually found in relatively shallow, coastal situations, without river inflow or ice melt.

Challenge Water extracted from a neighbouring coal mine which has traditionally provided for much of the power stations process needs had become increasingly saline causing operational problems.. Solution This includes partial treatment of the source water in a clarifier which has been provided by a third party and is located upstream from the Osmoflo plant. Tenders for both the filtration and reverse osmosis stages were issued separately, however Osmoflo won both on the strength of its overall capability including its ability to provide a fit for purpose integrated design. The desaliantion process reduces the salinity of the source water from around 2,000 mg/l total dissolved solids (TDS) to between 45-65 mg/l TDS. Reject water from the desaliantion process is disposed of utilising existing Verve Energy facilities at Collie Power Station.. Result The outputs of both the clarifier and desalination plant are blended to provide the right quality and quantity of water for Verves operational ...

Conductivity / TDS / Resistivity / Salinity Series Vagadziri, Fekitori, Vatengesi Kubva kuChina, Tinogamuchirwa kutishanyira chero nguva yehukama hwebhizinesi hwakagadzwa.

The authors present ideas and strategies for dealing with these problems. It describes ways in which Aboriginal people can be involved and how their values can be included in strategies to deal with salinity. The books core message is that the management of natural and cultural heritage needs to be linked and that there needs to be a better understanding of the relationship between peoples sense of place and the condition of the environment around them. It is intended to be a resource for environmental planners and land managers and it is anticipated that it will be instrumental in bringing this aspect of salinity to the attention of many people for the first time.. ...

With most saltwater fish, there looks to be this good flexibility on having your salinity be between 1020-1025. I have my tanks at 1023-1024. Is there an ideal salinity that fish like?

With the view of preparing the strategy for the calibration/validation of future L-band satellite radiometers, we examine the salinity variability recorded