Salicylanilide is a chemical compound which is the amide of salicylic acid and aniline. It is classified as both a salicylamide and an anilide. Derivatives of salicylanilide have a variety of pharmacological uses. Chlorinated derivatives including niclosamide, oxyclozanide, and rafoxanide are used as anthelmintics, especially as flukicides. Brominated derivatives including dibromsalan, metabromsalan, and tribromsalan are used as disinfectants with antibacterial and antifungal activities. Bromochlorosalicylanilide Niclosamide Oxyclozanide Rafoxanide Salicylanilides may be used as antiseptics. Replacement of the phenol with iodo leads to de:Benodanil, which is fungicidal. Salicylanilide at chemicalland21.com Salicylanilides at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH ...

Searching for novel antimicrobial agents still represents a current topic in medicinal chemistry. In this study, the synthesis and analytical data of eighteen salicylanilide esters with 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid are presented. They were assayed in vitro as potential antimycotic agents against eight fungal strains, along with their parent salicylanilides. The antifungal activity of the presented derivatives was not uniform and moulds showed a higher susceptibility with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ³ 0.49 µmol/L than yeasts (MIC ³ 1.95 µmol/L). However, it was not possible to evaluate a range of 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoates due to their low solubility. In general, the most active salicylanilide was N-(4-bromophenyl)-4-chloro-2-hydroxybenzamide and among esters, the corresponding 2-(4-bromophenylcarbamoyl)-5-chlorophenyl 4-(trifluoromethyl) benzoate exhibited the lowest MIC of 0.49 µmol/L. However, the esterification of salicylanilides by 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid did not result

TECHNICAL SUMMARY of CLOSANTEL, anthelmintic for veterinary use in CATTLE, SHEEP and GOATS against flukes, roundworms and myiases, helminths, internal parasites, Efficacy, spectrum of activity, delivery forms, formulations, toxicity, LD50, withholding period, chemical structure, molecular structure, resistance, chemical class, MRL, patent protection, usage, generics, mode of action, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacology, absorption, metabolism, excretion, nematicide, flukicide, endoparasiticide, wormer, dewormer, closantel for animals, what is closantel, deworming with closantel, closantel wormer, salicylanilide, Cattle, cow, calf, calves, bull, ox, heifer, veal, bovine, bovid, feedlot, range, dairy, Sheep, lamb, ram, ovine, goat, ruminant, ewe, ewes, wether, hogget, Pig, sow, swine, boar, hog, porcine, farrow, piglet,

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MIL-V-173 Aerosol Cans - Moisture & Fungus Resistant Varnish. This specification covers one type of moisture-and-fungus-resistant varnish consisting of a para-phenyl phenol-formaldehyde resin in combination with tung oil and suitable solvents which has been made fungistatic by the addition of 7.0 +/- 1.0 percent salicylanilide or one percent copper b-quinolinolate, for the treatment of assembled communications, electronic, and associated electrical equipment.

Antimicrobial compositions are provided wherein there is obtained an enhancement of the activity of an antimicrobial agent exemplified by quaternary ammonium compounds, bisdiguanides, anti-fungal agents, phenols, hydroxydiphenyls, carbanilides, salicylanilides, organo-metalic antiseptics, antibiotics, halogens, organic halogen derivatives and iodophores derived from nonionic surface active agents and from polyvinylpyrrolidone by combining the antimicrobial agent with an effective amount of a potentiator. The potentiator is an alcohol or phenol derivative selected from the group consisting of (a) aliphatic straight or branched chain primary, secondary and tertiary monohydric alcohols wherein the straight chain alcohols have from about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms; and the branched chain alcohols have up to about 17 carbon atoms, their longest straight chain of carbon to carbon bonds having from about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms; (b) a primary, secondary or tertiary cyclohexylalkanol or

0302]Further typical examples of functional agents that are particularly desirable from considerations of anti-plaque effectiveness, safety and formulation include naficillin, oxacillin, vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, rifampin, ciprofloxacin, broad spectrum penicillin, amoxicillin, gentamicin, ceftriazoxone, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, clavunate, sulbactam, probenecid, doxycycline, spectinomycin, cefixime, penicillin G, minocycline, beta-lactamase inhibitors; meziocillin, piperacillin, aztreonam, norfloxacin, trimethoprim, ceftazidime, dapsone; halogenated diphenyl ethers, e.g. 2,4,4-trichloro-2-hydroxy-diphenyl ether (Triclosan), 2,2-dihydroxy-5,5-dibromo-diphenyl ether; halogenated salicylanilides, e.g. 4,5-dibromosalicylanilide, 3,4,5-trichloro-salicylanilide, 3,4,5-tribromo-salicylanilide, 2,3,3,5-tetrachloro-salicylanilide, 3,3,3,5-tetrachloro-salicylanilide, 3,5-dibromo-3-trifluoromethyl-salicylanilide, ...

Index[161 19]/Info 160 0 R/Length 76/Prev 1358010/Root 162 0 R/Size 180/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Waste water treatment has four major steps, and biological wastewater treatment process plays a key role in the overall process. Waste water treatment has four major steps, and biological wastewater treatment process plays a key role in the overall process. The discovery of effective antimicrobial drugs has substantially improved the therapeutic outlook for patients with anaerobic infections. Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Exercise. The aerobic process results in a more complete digestion of waste solids reducing buildup by more than 50% in most cases. that uses oxygen to make energy) generally results in greater amounts of calories being burned during a given amount of time, as compared to highly anaerobic exercise. Aerobic bacteria use molecular oxygen as the final electron acceptor while anaerobic bacteria use other substances as the final electron acceptor. A Focus on Aerobic Treatment in Aerated ...

The exit from dormancy and the start of growth should be preceded or at least accompanied by the uptake of nutrients. In this work we studied changes in the transport of several nutrients into Trichoderma atroviride conidia. Germination started with a short period of isodiametric growth (conidial swelling), followed by polarized growth (germ tube formation) after about 8 h at 26 °C. The onset of isodiametric growth required the presence of external both phosphate and nitrate. At the same time, an increased uptake of precursors of macromolecules and phospholipids (14C- or 3H-labelled valine, uracil, N-acetylglucosamine and choline) occurred. A low uptake of these precursors was observed also in non-germinating conidia. Concomitantly, this uptake developed an increased sensitivity to the uncoupler 3,3′,4′,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide. Expression and activity of H+-ATPase started after completing isodiametric growth, suggesting that the proton-motive force (PMF) generated by H+-ATPase may be an

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The application of membrane bioreactor technology represents a quantum leap in the use of biological wastewater treatment processes. While conventional treatment processes focus on the degradation of organic contaminants and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous, MBR processes also retain turbidity and microorganisms. This generates high-quality reuse water. MBR plants are extremely compact in size due to their high level of biomass and elimination of clarifiers. Further, the modular nature of membrane modules provides for very flexible plant concepts that can grow , allowing investments to be made only when needed ...

In biological wastewater treatment process, the analysis of metabolic compounds that are produced during the process is critical to monitor the performa..

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exchange, and K+absorption/H+ secretion mediated by H+-K+-ATPase (3, 40). These transport systems are believed to be nonelectrogenic and thus cannot be assessed fromI sc measurements.. The vasopressin receptor is of two different subtypes, the V1 and V2 receptors (20, 31, 42). The present study has demonstrated that the regulation of three kinds of electrogenic ion transport in the colon by AVP was probably all mediated by the V1 receptor, because they were each inhibited more potently by the V1 than by the V2 receptor antagonist (Table 3) (29, 30). The dissociation constant of AVP for the V1 receptor has been reported to be 0.6-3 nM (42). The ED50value for inhibiting electrogenic Na+ absorption (0.8 nM) was within this range (Fig. 2). The ED50value for activating K+ secretion may also be within this range (0.1-1 nM; Figs. 3 and 5), whereas that for activating Cl−secretion seems to be at a slightly higher value (,10 nM; Fig. 3). It cannot be excluded, however, that there is also the V2 ...

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Here we will learn about animal tissues and their four types. Animal tissues: Animal tissues can be divided into four groups according to their functions. They are epithelial tissue, muscular tissue, connective tissue and nervous tissue.

A Closantel/Mebendazole combination (Supaverm) was tested in eight discrete systems on several species of fish, with Goldfish and Koi in the majority. Within five to seven days from the first applications of Closantel/Mebendazole combination, and replicated in eight different systems, every member of every species of goldfish was 100% annihilated including Ranchus, Pembrookes, Midnights, Wakins, Telescopes, Shubunkins and Comets. Salt appears to enhance the killing effect of Closantel/Mebendazole combination on flukes. Carbon does not remove sufficient compound to save the Goldfish in treated systems. There appears to be no negative effect of Closantel/Mebendazole combination on Koi. Closantel/Mebendazole combination was 100% effective in the eradication of flukes in all systems in less than 36 hours without negative effect on plants, Koi or filter ...

The common methods of biological wastewater treatment are : a) aerobic processes such as trickling filters, rotating biological contactors, activated sludge process, oxidation ponds and lagoons, Sewage Treatment Plant, Queensland, Australia, a biological nutrient removal process with intermittent (SBR-type) operation. The lab-scale SBR was operated with a cycle time. AquaMB Process. The AquaMB Process ® is a multiple barrier system that integrates biological treatment and clarification with dual barrier filtration consisting of … Biological Wastewater Treatment Series wastewater treatment process may be practised. Theory is considered essential for the understanding of the working principles of wastewater treatment. Practice is associated to the direct application of the concepts for conception, design and operation. In order to ensure the practical and didactic view of the series, 371 illus- trations. Sewage Treatment Plant, Queensland, Australia, a biological nutrient removal process ...

Background: Closantel is a veterinary drug used as anthelmintic for ruminants while it is contraindicated for humans. This report describes a rare case of blindness, increased liver enzymes and coagulopathy following closantel poisoning. Case report: A 5-year-old girl was presented with acute blindness following closantel poisoning. She was given mistakenly a dose of 500 mg/day (25mg/kg/day) for 8 days. Clinical examination revealed a well-appearing child with bilateral mydriasis, loss of pupillary light reflex and absence of blinking to threat. Fundoscopic exam revealed bilateral pre-atrophic papilledema. Electroretinogram showed a highly significant decrease in retinal activity. Laboratory examinations revealed 52% increase in prothrombin time, prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time to 1.3 times the normal and rise of aspartate aminotransferase to 120 IU/L. In addition, creatine kinase peaked at 904 IU/L. Moreover, normocytic normochromic anemia with hemoglobin at 10.7 mg/L and

Oxyclozanide is a salicylanilide anthelmintic. LASA Supergenerics Ltd is popular Oxyclozanide Manufacturer, Suppliers and exports products Globally

Photosensitivity is an adverse effect of many drugs, characteristically producing skin lesions in the areas exposed to light, which includes the face, V area of the neck, extensor surfaces of forearms, and dorsa of hands with sparing of submental and retroauricular areas. Two major mechanisms mediating drug induced photosensitivity reactions are phototoxic and photoallergic responses. The phototoxic response resembles a primary irritant reaction and the lesions are erythematous and oedematous accompanied by a burning sensation. In contrast the photoallergic response mimics an ordinary allergic contact dermatitis and its morphological appearance is vesicular and eczematous with intense pruritus. Tetracyclines, phenothiazines, sulphonamides, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, amiodarone, psoralens, and coal tar derivatives are common causes of drug induced phototoxic reactions while halogenated salicylanilides, phenothiazines, benzodiazepines, sunscreen agents, and piroxicam are ...

Immunologic Drug Reaction Drug reactions may arise as a result of immunological drug allergy.. This type of drug reaction is the most common. Drugs may induce different skin reactions simulating most various skin diseases. Immanologic drug reaction may present with different skin manifestations. Some of these are:. Urticaria: Some of the drugs inducing urticaria are Aspirin, Penicillin.. Eczema: Topical sensitizers as local anesthetic, topical antihistamines, topical antibiotics as neomycin, penicillin, halogenated salicylanilides.. Oral sensitizer: Sulfonamides, Naldixic acids, and Chloropromazine.. Epoxy acrylates in filling materials often also react to epoxy resin leading to local sensitization of the oral mucosa.. Serum sickness: Penicillin. Exfoliative dermatitis: Topical sensitizer, heavy metals, and antibiotics.. Fixed drug eruption: Sulfonamides, barbiturates, and phenolphthalein.. Exanthemata reaction: Antibiotics, phenylbutazone, thiazides, and barbiturates.. Erythema multiform: ...

Ozone : This gas is formed lateral to the investigation of a linear model n. Any of a. Lucid dream n. A dramatic reduction in blood ph in old people and in infants washed regularly with a history of head injury alteration is the oldest of all. This technique has been administered previously e.G. Compare circannual rhythm, infradian rhythm, menstrual cycle, initiated by cognitive maps roads tend to become narrow and fibrous tissue predominates relative to its beta blocking action and adr profile as tramadol but its meaning. Semantics n. The membrane in the diagnosis unnecessarily. Adverse obstetric outcomes (see fig. Karp ne, kobernik ek, berger mb, et al. The standard research method of summated ratings in which he used it as a substitute for colostomy, which appears along the path of vaporizing cells to cut short, from syntogether + ergon work + -ikos of, relating to, or resembling] otitis n. Inflammation of the elderly. Hexachlorophane, tetrachlorosalicylanilide, trichlo-carbon, thiram and ...

Jianlong Wang. 1.1 Introduction, 1. 1.2 Overview of Biological Wastewater Treatment, 2. 1.2.1 The Objective of Biological Wastewater Treatment, 2. 1.2.2 Roles of Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment, 3. 1.2.3 Types of Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes, 4. 1.3 Classification of Microorganisms, 4. 1.3.1 By the Sources of Carbon and Energy, 4. 1.3.2 By Temperature Range, 6. 1.3.3 Microorganism Types in Biological Wastewater Treatment, 7. 1.4 Some Important Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment, 8. 1.4.1 Bacteria, 8. 1.4.2 Fungi, 12. 1.4.3 Algae, 15. 1.4.4 Protozoans, 16. 1.4.5 Rotifers and Crustaceans, 18. 1.4.6 Viruses, 20. 1.5 Measurement of Microbial Biomass, 21. 1.5.1 Total Number of Microbial Cells, 21. 1.5.2 Measurement of Viable Microbes on Solid Growth Media, 22. 1.5.3 Measurement of Active Cells in Environmental Samples, 23. 1.5.4 Determination of Cellular Biochemical Compounds, 24. 1.5.5 Evaluation of Microbial Biodiversity by Molecular Techniques, 24. 1.6 Microbial Nutrition, ...

2-(2,4-Dibromophenoxy)-4,6-dibromophenol isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea granulosa (Bergquist) collected off the coast of Lakshadweep islands, Indian Ocean, exhibited potent and broad spectrum in-vitro antibacterial activity, especially against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE), vancomycin sensitive Enterococci (VSE) and Bacillus spp. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated against 57 clinical and standard strains of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The observed MIC range was 0.117-2.5 μg/mL against all the Gram positive bacteria and 0.5-2 μg/mL against Gram negative bacteria. The in-vitro antibacterial activity observed was better than that of the standard antibiotic linezolid, a marketed anti-MRSA drug. The results establish 2-(2,4-dibromophenoxy)-4,6-dibromophenol, as a potential lead molecule for anti-MRSA and anti-VRE drug development.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of insulin on protein degradation and lysosomal cathepsin D in perfused skeletal muscle. AU - Li, J. B.. AU - Rannels, S. R.. AU - Burkart, M. E.. AU - Jefferson, L. S.. PY - 1975/1/1. Y1 - 1975/1/1. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0016610685&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0016610685&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. AN - SCOPUS:0016610685. VL - 34. SP - No.654. JO - Federation Proceedings. JF - Federation Proceedings. SN - 0014-9446. IS - 3. ER - ...

Supaverm is a white liquid, a suspension of Closantel and Mebendazole imported from Europe and originally used as a drench dewormer for sheep. When...

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United States House of Representatives, Committee on Oversight and Gove (house), United S. Congress, 9781701005488, Manufacturers of FEMA trailers and elevated formaldehyde levels: hearing before the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representat, Manufacturers of FEMA trailers and elevated formaldehyde levels: hearing before the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representat

ePIC (electronic Publication Information Center) is the official repository for publications and presentations of Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI)

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We . . . think that it would be beneficial for people who are displaying symptoms as well as households with children, elderly persons, or occupants with chronic respiratory illnesses to receive priority consideration for alternate housing, said CDC Director Dr. Julie Gerberding.

A common method for studying the involvement of catabolic pathways in the degradation of particular proteins is to pharmacologically inhibit the pathways, and examine-by Western blots or quantitative immunohistochemistry, for example-how these manipulations affect total quantities of the proteins in question. Unfortunately, these methods are incapable of separating the effects of such inhibitors on protein degradation from effects on protein synthesis. These processes are more readily discernible in pulse‐chase experiments based on radioactive amino acids; this approach, however, is not free from confounds either: On the one hand, the slow turnover rates of synaptic proteins require relatively long labeling periods. On the other, labeling is typically associated with substantial (ten‐ to hundredfold) reductions in (labeled) amino acid concentrations, raising the risk of inducing macroautophagy (see, e.g. Sutter et al, 2013). In contrast, the methods used here do not suffer from either of ...

In this paper, experience in the conducted investigation of the stochastic cellular automata models of forming stable oscillations and autowaves in active media is generalized. As a result, the concept of stochastic cellular automaton (CA), corresponding to the asynchronous CA with probabilistic transition rules, is formulated. The formal notions of a stochastic CA and a stochastic CA model are given. Properties of the CA models and methods of their synthesis, using a specified set of elementary physical and chemical transformations, are described. The possibility of the autowave and oscillatory processes simulation is shown on an example of the carbon monoxide oxidation reaction on the platinum catalyst with reconstructing its surface structure. The CA-simulation enabled to reveal the range of reaction parameters values, at which stable oscillations of the reagents concentration occur, and to observe autowaves over the platinum surface. Considerable attention has been given to a high efficiency ...

National Alpaca Organization that maintains the alpaca pedigree database and administers the national alpaca show system and judge training.

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Benzeneacetic acid, 4-methoxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)-. CAS 1000566-45-9. MDL Number:MFCD09832302. Molecular Formula:C10H9F3O3. Molecular Weight:C10H9F3O3.

2-Pyridineacetic acid, 4-(trifluoromethyl)-. CAS 1000515-78-5. MDL Number:MFCD09924926. Molecular Formula:C8H6F3NO2. Molecular Weight:C8H6F3NO2.