Transfer-messenger RNA - Wikipedia
Transfer-messenger RNA (abbreviated tmRNA, also known as 10Sa RNA and by its genetic name SsrA) is a bacterial RNA molecule with dual tRNA-like and messenger RNA-like properties. The tmRNA forms a ribonucleoprotein complex (tmRNP) together with Small Protein B (SmpB), Elongation Factor Tu (EF-Tu), and ribosomal protein S1. In trans-translation, tmRNA and its associated proteins bind to bacterial ribosomes which have stalled in the middle of protein biosynthesis, for example when reaching the end of a messenger RNA which has lost its stop codon. The tmRNA is remarkably versatile: it recycles the stalled ribosome, adds a proteolysis-inducing tag to the unfinished polypeptide, and facilitates the degradation of the aberrant messenger RNA. In the majority of bacteria these functions are carried out by standard one-piece tmRNAs. In other bacterial species, a permuted ssrA gene produces a two-piece tmRNA in which two separate RNA chains are joined by base-pairing. tmRNA was first designated 10Sa RNA ...
ARAGORN, a program to detect tRNA genes and tmRNA genes in nucleotide sequences - Murdoch Research Repository
A computer program, ARAGORN, identifies tRNA and tmRNA genes. The program employs heuristic algorithms to predict tRNA secondary structure, based on homology with recognized tRNA consensus sequences and ability to form a base-paired cloverleaf. tmRNA genes are identified using a modified version of the BRUCE program. ARAGORN achieves a detection sensitivity of 99% from a set of 1290 eubacterial, eukaryotic and archaeal tRNA genes and detects all complete tmRNA sequences in the tmRNA database, improving on the performance of the BRUCE program. Recently discovered tmRNA genes in the chloroplasts of two species from the green algae lineage are detected. The output of the program reports the proposed tRNA secondary structure and, for tmRNA genes, the secondary structure of the tRNA domain, the tmRNA gene sequence, the tag peptide and a list of organisms with matching tmRNA peptide tags.. ...
Systems biology of bacterial small RNAs | Stavans Lab
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that play fundamental roles in the response of bacterial cells to environmental cues. We study the response of genetic networks and architectural motifs that include sRNAs, as well as the cell-to-cell variability in the expression of genes controlled by sRNAs. To do so, we use fluorescence microscopy and microfluidic techniques that allow us to measure directly the concentrations of fluorescently-tagged target proteins in individual cells as they respond to controlled stimuli, as well as single-molecule fluorescence in-situ hybridization to monitor the response at the target transcript level.. ...
MACROMOLECULAR KETOALDEHYDES - BAXTER INTERNATIONAL INC.
Methods of producing macromolecular compositions and using same are provided. The method includes preparing a resin material; forming an acetyl group on the resin material; and oxidizing the acetyl group via a one-step reaction including reacting a sulfoxide and an acid with the acetyl group to form a ketoaldehyde group. The macromolecular compositions are capable of removing an effective amount of one or more constituents from a physiological solution, such as urea during dialysis therapy.
BRUCE: a program for the detection of transfer-messenger RNA genes in nucleotide sequences.
Uppsala University, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, Faculty of Science and Technology, Biology, Department of Evolutionary Biology. MOLECULAR EVOLUTION. ...
The rates of macromolecular chain elongation modulate the initiation frequencies for transcription and translation in...
Here we show that most macromolecular biosynthesis reactions in growing bacteria are sub-saturated with substrate. The experiments should in part test predictions from a previously proposed model (Jen
Systematic probing of the bacterial RNA structurome to reveal new functions.
Systematic probing of the bacterial RNA structurome to reveal new functions.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2017 Feb 01;36:14-19
Authors: Ignatova Z, Narberhaus F
Abstract
RNA folds into intricate structures. Recent discoveries using next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches have revealed unprecedented structural complexity with a pivotal role in regulating RNA function and stability...
Zymo research august 2013.xls
ZR-96 Quick-RNA™ Kit (4 x 96 Preps) [[Includes E1009 x 8: DNase I Set (250 U) w/ 10X Reaction Buffer (1 ml)] Quick-RNA™ MiniPrep Kit (50 Preps) w/Zymo-Spin™ IIICG Columns (Capped) & Spin-Away™ Filters [Includes E1009 x 1: DNase I Se Sample: Quick-RNA™ MiniPrep Kit (10 Preps) Quick-RNA™ MiniPrep Kit (200 Preps) w/Zymo-Spin™ IIICG Columns (Capped) & Spin-Away™ Filters [Includes E1009 x 4: DNase I Set (250 U) w/ 10X Reaction Buffer (1 ml)] ZR small-RNA™ PAGE Recovery Kit (20 Preps) ZR-96 RNA Clean & Concentrator™ Kit (2 x 96 Preps) RNA Shield Purification Kit (50 prep) supplied w/ 50 ml RNA Shield RNA Shield Purification Kit (50 prep) Without RNA Shield ZR Fungal/Bacterial RNA MicroPrep™ Kit (50 Preps) ZR Fungal/Bacterial RNA MiniPrep™ Kit (50 Preps) ZR Tissue & Insect RNA MicroPrep™ Kit (50 Preps) ZR Soil/Fecal RNA MicroPrep™ Kit (50 Preps) Direct-zol™ RNA MiniPrep (50 Preps) w/ Zymo-Spin™ IIC Columns (Capped) [Includes E1009 x 1: DNase I Set (250 U) w/ 10X Reaction ...
CopraRNA - Results
CopraRNA is a tool for sRNA target prediction. It computes whole genome
predictions by combination of whole genome IntaRNA
predictions using homologous sRNA sequences from distinct organisms.
Synthesis and Applications of a Two-Step Reagent Forming Cross-links between Ribonucleic Acid and Protein | Biochemical Society...
GERALD FINK, RICHARD BRIMACOMBE; Synthesis and Applications of a Two-Step Reagent Forming Cross-links between Ribonucleic Acid and Protein. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1975; 3 (6): 1014-1015. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0031014. Download citation file:. ...
A Blood-based Test for the Detection of ROS1 and RET Fusion Transcripts from Circulating Ribonucleic Acid Using Digital...
Detection of circulating ribonucleic acid (cRNA) from blood is an unmet need in clinical diagnostics. Here we describe methods that...
இரைபோ கருவமிலம் - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியா
இரைபோ கருவமிலம் அல்லது ஆர்.என்.ஏ. (RNA - Ribonucleic acid) என்பது ஒரு கருவமிலம் ஆகும். இதனை இரைபோக் கருக்காடி, ஐங்கரிமவினியக் கருக்காடி, ஐவினியக் கருக்காடி, ஐங்கரிமவினியக் கருவமிலம், ஐவினியக் கருவமிலம் என்ற பெயர்கள் கொண்டும் அழைக்கலாம். இது அனைத்து உயிரினங்களுக்கும் தேவையான நான்கு பெரிய பிரிவுகளில் அடங்கும் பருமூலக்கூறுகளில் ஒன்றான கருவமிலங்களில் ஒன்றாகும். இவையும் டி.என்.ஏ யைப் ...
Heterogeneous macromolecular composition of renal basement membranes in health, diabetes and glomerulonephritis :: MEDICA, MUSC...
Although basement membranes are ubiquitous structures throughout the body, basement membranes have distinct compositions that are specific to their location. This basement membrane heterogeneity may, in part, reflect functional differences among various basement membranes. We examined basement membrane heterogeneity in normal, healthy mouse kidneys to assess the similarities and differences between glomerular and tubular basement membrane composition. It was demonstrated that mouse glomerular and tubular basement membrane share similar compositions but differ with respect to specific amounts of some components. In diabetes mellitus and passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) , damage to the glomerular barrier occurs and is accompanied by an increase in penneability to proteins the size of albumin and larger: Presumably, the biochemical nature of the filter is not maintained. The acute effects of streptozotocin diabetes and PHN on the macromolecular composition of rat GBM was investigated to determine if ...
Heterogeneous macromolecular composition of renal basement membranes in health, diabetes and glomerulonephritis :: MEDICA, MUSC...
Although basement membranes are ubiquitous structures throughout the body, basement membranes have distinct compositions that are specific to their location. This basement membrane heterogeneity may, in part, reflect functional differences among various basement membranes. We examined basement membrane heterogeneity in normal, healthy mouse kidneys to assess the similarities and differences between glomerular and tubular basement membrane composition. It was demonstrated that mouse glomerular and tubular basement membrane share similar compositions but differ with respect to specific amounts of some components. In diabetes mellitus and passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) , damage to the glomerular barrier occurs and is accompanied by an increase in penneability to proteins the size of albumin and larger: Presumably, the biochemical nature of the filter is not maintained. The acute effects of streptozotocin diabetes and PHN on the macromolecular composition of rat GBM was investigated to determine if ...
Q03AJ7 | smpB | SsrA-binding protein | Druggability | Cancer
casSAR Dugability of Q03AJ7 | smpB | SsrA-binding protein - Also known as SSRP_LACP3, smpB. Required for rescue of stalled ribosomes mediated by trans-translation. Binds to transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA), required for stable association of tmRNA with ribosomes. tmRNA and SmpB together mimic tRNA shape, replacing the anticodon stem-loop with SmpB. tmRNA is encoded by the ssrA gene; the 2 termini fold to resemble tRNA(Ala) and it encodes a tag peptide, a short internal open reading frame. During trans-translation Ala-aminoacylated tmRNA acts like a tRNA, entering the A-site of stalled ribosomes, displacing the stalled mRNA. The ribosome then switches to translate the ORF on the tmRNA; the nascent peptide is terminated with the tag peptide encoded by the tmRNA and targeted for degradation. The ribosome is freed to recommence translation, which seems to be the essential function of trans-translation.
B7MYQ8 | smpB | SsrA-binding protein | Druggability | Cancer
casSAR Dugability of B7MYQ8 | smpB | SsrA-binding protein - Also known as SSRP_ECO81, smpB. Required for rescue of stalled ribosomes mediated by trans-translation. Binds to transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA), required for stable association of tmRNA with ribosomes. tmRNA and SmpB together mimic tRNA shape, replacing the anticodon stem-loop with SmpB. tmRNA is encoded by the ssrA gene; the 2 termini fold to resemble tRNA(Ala) and it encodes a tag peptide, a short internal open reading frame. During trans-translation Ala-aminoacylated tmRNA acts like a tRNA, entering the A-site of stalled ribosomes, displacing the stalled mRNA. The ribosome then switches to translate the ORF on the tmRNA; the nascent peptide is terminated with the tag peptide encoded by the tmRNA and targeted for degradation. The ribosome is freed to recommence translation, which seems to be the essential function of trans-translation.
The Role of SmpB in Licensing tmRNA Entry into Stalled Ribosomes by Mickey R. Miller
Ribosomes translate the genetic information contained in mRNAs into protein by linking together amino acids with the help of aminoacyl-tRNAs. In bacteria, protein synthesis stalls when the ribosome reaches the 3-end of truncated mRNA transcripts lacking a stop codon. Trans-translation is a conserved bacterial quality control process that rescues stalled ribosomes. Transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) and its protein partner SmpB mimic a tRNA by entering the A site of the ribosome and accepting the growing peptide chain. The ribosome releases the truncated mRNA and resumes translation on the tmRNA template. The open reading frame found on tmRNA encodes a peptide tag that marks the defective nascent peptide for proteolysis. A stop codon at the end of the open reading frame allows the ribosome to be recycled and engage in future rounds of translation.The entry of tmRNA into stalled ribosomes presents a challenge to our understanding of ribosome function because during the canonical decoding process, the
CN09 28935 protein (Agrobacterium rhizogenes) - STRING interaction network
SsrA-binding protein; Required for rescue of stalled ribosomes mediated by trans-translation. Binds to transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA), required for stable association of tmRNA with ribosomes. tmRNA and SmpB together mimic tRNA shape, replacing the anticodon stem-loop with SmpB. tmRNA is encoded by the ssrA gene; the 2 termini fold to resemble tRNA(Ala) and it encodes a tag peptide, a short internal open reading frame. During trans-translation Ala- aminoacylated tmRNA acts like a tRNA, entering the A-site of stalled ribosomes, displacing the stalled mRNA. The ribosome then switches to ...
KKL-35 | Ribosome rescue inhibitor | KKL35 | KKL 35 | CAS [865285-29-6] | Axon 2997 | Axon Ligand™ with |99% purity available...
KKL-35 | Ribosome rescue inhibitor | KKL35 | KKL 35 | CAS [865285-29-6] | Axon 2997 | Axon Ligand™ with >99% purity available from supplier Axon Medchem, prime source of life science reagents for your research
tmRNA and associated ligands: a puzzling relationship. - Inserm
Translation is an efficient and accurate mechanism, needing thorough systems of control-quality to ensure the correspondence between the information carried by the messenger RNA (mRNA) and the newly synthesized protein. Among them, trans-translation ensures delivering of stalled ribosomes when translation occurs on truncated mRNAs in bacteria, followed by the degradation of the incomplete nascent proteins. This process requires transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA), an original molecule acting as both a tRNA and an mRNA. tmRNA first enters the decoding site of stuck ribosomes and, despite the lack of any codon-anticodon interaction, acts as a tRNA by transferring its alanine to the incomplete protein. Translation then switches to a small internal coding sequence (mRNA domain), which encodes a tag directing the incomplete protein towards degradation. Although playing a central role during trans-translation, tmRNA function depends on associated proteins. Genetic, biochemical and recent structural data are
Global snapshots of bacterial RNA networks | The EMBO Journal
Waters et al (2017) build on previous work from the Tollervey group who originally developed cross‐linking, ligation, and sequencing of hybrids (CLASH) to discover new snoRNA-rRNA interactions on snoRNA‐related yeast proteins (Kudla et al, 2011). An earlier attempt to apply this proximity ligation method to Hfq in enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) yielded few RNA hybrids (Tree et al, 2014); however, encouraged by the observation that RNase E recognizes the short seed helix formed between an sRNA and its target (Bandyra et al, 2012), the authors now focused on ligation to RNase E, which much elevated the proportion of RNA hybrids (Waters et al, 2017). Since these hybrids are significantly enriched in pairs of known sRNA seed regions and co‐regulated targets, they likely represent bona fide sRNA-mRNA interactions. What recruits RNase E to these many duplexes cannot be directly concluded from the data. However, plenty of coincidences with Hfq sites suggest a model whereby RNase E is recruited ...
MK-8776 ic50 | Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic properties of oral DEBIO1143 (AT-406)
Supplementary MaterialsSupplementary Information srep11880-s1. model of interacting individual cells. By heading beyond the cell-autonomous explanation, we present that primary physico-chemical constraints certainly favour the establishment of such a coupling under Srebf1 extremely broad circumstances. The MK-8776 ic50 characterization we attained by tuning the aberrant cells demand for ATP, amino-acids and MK-8776 ic50 essential fatty acids and/or the imbalance in nutritional partitioning provides quantitative support to the theory that synergistic multi-cell results enjoy a central function in tumor sustainment. In mind, a cells lively problem is composed in selecting how exactly to process nutrition (say, glucose molecules) into chemical energy (adenosine 5-triphosphate, ATP) that will then be transduced into useful forms of mechanical or chemical work. Rapid cellular growth, in specific, requires high rates of macromolecular biosynthesis and MK-8776 ic50 of energy production, which ...
CAS CH 421 » Academics | Boston University
Introductory biochemistry. Protein structure and folding, enzyme mechanisms, kinetics, and allostery; nucleic acid structure; macromolecular biosynthesis with emphasis on specificity and fidelity; lipids and membrane structure; vitamins and coenzymes; introduction to intermediary metabolism. Three hours lecture, one hour discussion, four hours lab.. ...
TIGR00086
This model describes the SsrA-binding protein, also called tmRNA binding protein, small protein B, and SmpB. The small, stable RNA SsrA (also called tmRNA or 10Sa RNA) recognizes stalled ribosomes such as occur during translation from message that lacks a stop codon. It becomes charged with Ala like a tRNA, then acts as mRNA to resume translation started with the defective mRNA. The short C-terminal peptide tag added by the SsrA system marks the abortively translated protein for degradation. SmpB binds SsrA after its aminoacylation but before the coupling of the Ala to the nascent polypeptide chain and is an essential part of the SsrA peptide tagging system. SmpB has been associated with the survival of bacterial pathogens in conditions of stress. It is universal in the first 100 sequenced bacterial genomes ...
RCSB PDB - 5U9F: 3.2 A cryo-EM ArfA-RF2 ribosome rescue complex (Structure II)
As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.
Regulatory RNA qPCR Profiler | System Biosciences
Using the Regulatory RNA qPCR Profiler. First, get your regulatory RNA ready for qPCR by converting to cDNA While some lncRNAs have endogenouse polyA tails, other lncRNAs do not. To enhance qPCR assay performance, the cDNA synthesis workflow includes steps and reagents to polyadenylate all lncRNAs before cDNA conversion using the tagged oligo dT adaptor and random primers. This combined RNA tailing and oligo dT plus random primers boosts cDNA yield significantly and enables strand-specific lncRNA qPCR profiling.. ...
Making the jump: new insights into the mechanism of trans -translation | Journal of Biology | Full Text
The transfer-messenger ribonucleoprotein (tmRNP), which is composed of RNA and a small protein, small protein B (SmpB), recycles ribosomes that are stalled on broken mRNAs lacking stop codons and tags the partially translated proteins for degradation. Although it is not yet understood how the ribosome gets from the 3 end of the truncated message onto the messenger portion of the tmRNA to add the tag, a recent study in BMC Biology has shed some light on this astonishing feat.
Activation of GCN2 kinase by ribosome stalling links translation elong by Ryuta Ishimura, Gabor Nagy et al.
Ribosome stalling during translation has recently been shown to cause neurodegeneration, yet the signaling pathways triggered by stalled elongation complexes are unknown. To investigate these pathways we analyzed the brain of C57BL/6J-Gtpbp2(nmf205)(-/-) mice in which neuronal elongation complexes are stalled at AGA codons due to deficiencies in a tRNA(Arg)UCU tRNA and GTPBP2, a mammalian ribosome rescue factor. Increased levels of phosphorylation of eIF2α (Ser51) were detected prior to neurodegeneration in these mice and transcriptome analysis demonstrated activation of ATF4, a key transcription factor in the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway. Genetic experiments showed that this pathway was activated by the eIF2α kinase, GCN2, in an apparent deacylated tRNA-independent fashion. Further we found that the ISR attenuates neurodegeneration in C57BL/6J-Gtpbp2(nmf205)(-/-) mice, underscoring the importance of cellular and stress context on the outcome of activation of this pathway. These results
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Publications
Demo, G, Svidritskiy E, Madireddy R, Diaz-Avalos R, Grant T, Grigorieff N, Sousa D, Korostelev AA. 2017. Mechanism of ribosome rescue by ArfA and RF2. eLife. 6(e23687):1-18. Abstract ...
Sandwalk: Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Although I am fully convinced of the truth of the views given in this volume, I by no means expect to convince experienced naturalists whose minds are stocked with a multitude of facts all viewed, during a long course of years, from a point of view directly opposite to mine. It is so easy to hide our ignorance under such expressions as plan of creation, unity of design, etc., and to think that we give an explanation when we only restate a fact. Any one whose disposition leads him to attach more weight to unexplained difficulties than to the explanation of a certain number of facts will certainly reject the theory. ...
KAKEN - Researchers | TAKAHASHI Hidehisa (30423544)
Affiliation:北海道大学,医学研究院,講師, Research Field:General medical chemistry,Pathological medical chemistry,Tumor biology and related fields,Tumor biology, Keywords:転写,RNAポリメラーゼII,発現制御,腫瘍,転写制御,がん,転写因子,ユビキチン,転写伸長因子,腫瘍性疾患, # of Research Projects:9, # of Research Products:70, Ongoing Project:新規の転写伸長制御因子Med26を標的とした腫瘍治療シーズ開発基盤の確立
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trans-translation in mycobacteria: expression, regulation, and the effects of ribosome inhibitors :: University of Southern...
Unique bacterial process, trans-translation, has been studied to be an important process in many bacteria. However, there was nothing known about the significance of this process in mycobacteria, especially in relation to drug susceptibility. Consistent with findings in Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Synechocystis sp., we found that interfering with the expression of tmRNA and the smpB gene (critical components of trans-translation) in Mycobacterium smegmatis caused increased bactericidal activity of antimicrobial agents that target the ribosomes. Moreover, exposure to ribosome inhibitors increased the expression of tmRNA. This increase was driven by the tmRNA gene promoter which activity seemed to utilize a de-repression mechanism. Not only is trans-translation important to the bacterial response to ribosome inhibitors, evidence from this laboratory suggests that trans-translation is essential in mycobacteria. Thus, we believe that trans-translation may represent a new important ...
Small molecule inhibition of trans-translation impairs Staphylococcus aureus viability [electronic resource] /
Staphylococcus aureus quickly develops resistance to antibiotics and poses a significant health threat to humans. New antibiotic targets are needed for the development of new antibiotics. Trans-translation has important roles in maintaining bacterial viability. Small molecules, KKL-35 and KKL-40, were recently identified as specific inhibitors of trans-translation. We have investigated the roles of trans-translation on S. aureus viability and the potential of KKL-35 and KKL-40 as antibiotics. We find that KKLs show bactericidal activity against multiple S. aureus strains at relatively low concentration. We also find that sub-lethal doses of KKLs make S. aureus more susceptible to antimicrobials. Neither KKL-35 nor KKL-40 are cytotoxic to human HeLa cells. Unfortunately, KKL-40 is inactivated by human serum. Therefore, new inhibitors will need to be identified in future studies. Notably, the development of resistance by S.aureus against KKLs remains at a low level. Therefore trans-translation is ...
Dual-acting riboswitch control of translation initiation and mRNA decay | PNAS
In contrast to btuB and thiM, our results show that the lysC riboswitch employs a different regulation mechanism, by directly modulating the cleavage of RNase E (Fig. 6B). Our data indicate that, in the absence of ligand, the riboswitch folds into the ON state that not only allows ribosome binding but also sequesters RNase E cleavage sites, thus ensuring efficient mRNA translation. However, in its ligand-bound form, the lysC riboswitch adopts the OFF state that concomitantly sequesters the RBS and exposes RNase E cleavage sites, thus effectively inhibiting translation and initiating mRNA decay. The location of RNase E cleavage sites in the riboswitch expression platform, and not in the ORF, strongly suggests that the lysC riboswitch directly controls the cleavage of the mRNA as a function of ligand binding. In such cases, the transcript stability and concomitant translation are reduced directly through endoribonucleolytic action, a situation referred to as nucleolytic repression (Fig. 6B) ...
Hok/sok system - Wikipedia
The hok/sok system is a postsegregational killing mechanism employed by the R1 plasmid in Escherichia coli. It was the first type I toxin-antitoxin pair to be identified through characterisation of a plasmid-stabilising locus. It is a type I system because the toxin is neutralised by a complementary RNA, rather than a partnered protein (type II toxin-antitoxin). The hok/sok system involves three genes: hok, host killing - a long lived (half-life 20 minutes) toxin sok, suppression of killing - a short lived (half-life 30 seconds) RNA antitoxin mok, modulation of killing - required for hok translation When E. coli undergoes cell division, the two daughter cells inherit the long-lived hok toxin from the parent cell. Due to the short half-life of the sok antitoxin, daughter cells inherit only small amounts and it quickly degrades. If a daughter cell has inherited the R1 plasmid, it has inherited the sok gene and a strong promoter which brings about high levels of transcription. So much so that in an ...
Metabolic growth rate control in Escherichia coli may be a consequence of subsaturation of the macromolecular biosynthetic...
In this paper, the Escherichia coli cell is considered as a system designed for rapid growth, but limited by the medium. We propose that this very design causes the cell to become subsaturated with precursors and catalytic components at all levels of macromolecular biosynthesis and leads to a molecular sharing economy at a high level of competition inside the cell. Thus, the promoters compete with each other in the binding of a limited amount of free RNA polymerase and the ribosome binding sites on the mRNA chains compete with each other for the free ribosomes. The macromolecular chain elongation reactions sequester a considerable proportion of the total amount of RNA polymerase and ribosomes in the cells. We propose that the degree of subsaturation of the macromolecular biosynthetic apparatus renders a variable fraction of RNA polymerase and ribosomes unavailable for the initiation of new chain synthesis and that this, at least in part, determines the composition of the cell as a function of ...
Therapeutics for Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections: Inhibitors of Bacterial RNA Polymerase<...
TY - PAT. T1 - Therapeutics for Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infections: Inhibitors of Bacterial RNA Polymerase. AU - Ebright, Richard. AU - Feng, Yu. AU - Zhang, Yu. PY - 2017/1. Y1 - 2017/1. N2 - Invention Summary: Bacterial infectious diseases kill 100,000 persons each year in the US and 11 million persons each year worldwide, representing nearly a fifth of deaths each year worldwide. For six decades, antibiotics have been our bulwark against bacterial infectious diseases. However, now this bulwark is collapsing. For all major bacterial pathogens, strains resistant to at least one current antibiotic have arisen, and, for several bacterial pathogens, strains resistant to all current antibiotics have arisen. There is an urgent national and international need for new classes of antibacterial agents effective against bacterial pathogens resistant to current antibacterial agents. Rutgers researchers have identified five new drug targets within the structure of bacterial RNA polymerase, the enzyme ...
Genome-wide Annotation, Identification, and Global Transcriptomic Analysis of Regulatory or Small RNA Gene Expression in...
In 1995, the release of the first fully sequenced bacterial genome heralded a new era of bacterial genomic research (21). Over the past 20 years, the number of sequenced bacterial genomes has risen exponentially, and new research strategies, techniques, and applications have emerged to exploit the opportunities that these resources provide. While raw genomic sequence data are valuable, the availability of fully annotated genome sequences, outlining the positions of known genes and genomic features, dramatically increases their utility. Global expression analysis techniques such as microarrays and RNA-seq depend heavily on annotated genome sequences as a reference source for genes in the bacterial cell. These techniques have proved extremely useful; however, recently, certain limitations to their application are becoming apparent. A major concern in this regard is that they do not provide expression data for genes that are not included in genome annotation files. Bacterial sRNAs represent a class ...
Riboregulation in |i|Neisseria meningitidis|/i
In this thesis, we first investigated the regulon of the alternative sigma factor E by employing next-generation sequencing of both the genome and the transcriptome of N. meningitidis wildtype and an overexpression mutant. Its small regulatory repertoire compared to E. coli and its lack of regulating proteins involved in the outer membrane stress response is a prime example of divergent evolution of superficially similar regulatory systems in these two gram-negative bacteria. Second, the chaperon protein Hfq and its role in riboregulation by facilitating RNA-RNA interactions between a sRNA and its mRNA target(s) was investigated by studying its regulatory proteome in depth. Finally, the regulatory roles of two sRNAs, NmsRs and NrrF are described; showing their extensive involvement in the related cell biological processes of carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation by simultaneously downregulating multiple enzymes involved in these pathways ...
Need Input on Northern With Bacterial RNA
Christine Ward (mjward at vt.edu) wrote: : Greetings Netters: : I could really use some input from those of you with experience doing : Northerns on bacterial RNA. I have been using the Chomczynski (sp?) : and Sacchi procedure (AGPC procedure, Analytical Biochem.) to isolate : total RNA from a Gram negative organism. I have upscaling the original : procedure by a factor of 10 to isolate RNA from about 1 x 10e9 organisms. : When I do my Northerns, all I see is one really good smear. : When I stain the total RNA on the membrane with methylene blue, my markers : look OK, and I can clearly see the 23S and 16S rRNA bands in my RNA prep. : I believe my technique is quite good--using clean pipettors, DEPCd solutions, : storing RNA in formamide etc. OD260/OD280 is about 1.8, which supposedly : indicates pure RNA. My gut instinct is that I have some residual : protein (and therefore RNAse carryover), OR that the particular RNA I am : trying to detect has a very rapid turnover rate (even though the ...
Biomiga Bacterial RNA Kit - R6616-01 [R6616-01] - £128.00 : Interlink Scientific Services Limited, Sales and Maintenance Of...
Interlink Scientific Services Limited Biomiga Bacterial RNA Kit - R6616-01 [R6616-01] - Description : Introduction The EZgeneTM total RNA kit provides an easy and fast method for isolating total RNA from Gram-positive (B. subtilis) Or Gram-negative (E. coli) Bacteria within 30 min. Only trace genomic DNA exists in the purified RNA, which can be eliminated by DNase I treatment (See detail in the protocol) when it is necessary. Storage and StabilityDNase I (optional) and lysozyme should be stored at -20℃. All other components can be stored at room temperature. All kit components are guaranteed for 12 monthsr from the date of purchasing.Kit ContentsCatalog#R6616-00R6616-01R6616-02Preps450250Buffer LY 2.4 mL28 mL135 mLBuffer RB3 mL30 mL135 mLRNA Wash Buffer *2 mL20 mL3 x 24 mLDEPC-Treated dH2O 500 µL10 mL30 mLDNase Stop Buffer 200 µL2.4 mL12 mLezBind Columns450250Collection Tubes8100500Lysozyme 1.2 mg15 mg75 mgUser Menu111Note4DNase I are not supplied. They could be purchased from Biomiga. Before
DiVA - Search result
It is nowadays widely accepted that non-coding RNAs play important roles in post-transcriptional regulation of genes in all kingdoms of life. In bacteria, the largest group of RNA regulators are the small RNAs (sRNAs). Almost all sRNAs act through anti-sense base-pairing with target mRNAs, and by doing so regulate their translation and/or stability. As important modulators of gene expression, sRNAs are involved in all aspects of bacterial physiology. My studies aimed to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms behind sRNA-mediated gene regulation. We have shown that translation of the di-guanylate-cyclase YdaM, a major player in the biofilm regulatory cascade, is repressed by the sRNAs OmrA and OmrB. OmrAB require the RNA chaperone protein Hfq for efficient regulation. Interestingly, our results suggest a non-canonical mechanism for Hfq-mediated ydaM-OmrA/B base-pairing. Instead of serving as RNA interaction platform, Hfq restructures the ydaM mRNA to enable sRNA binding. We also addressed the ...
Difference between revisions of User:Jarle Pahr/Degradation tags - OpenWetWare
Turnover of Endogenous SsrA-tagged Proteins Mediated by ATP-dependent Proteases in Escherichia coli*[S with combining enclosing square]: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2516991 ...
Structure and Interactions of Escherichia coli Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid | Biochemical Society Transactions
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Transfer RNA molecule - Stock Image G110/0740 - Science Photo Library
Transfer RNA molecule. Computer artwork of the double helix of tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid), formed by spiralling paired strands of sugar phosphates, linked by nucleotide base pairs. Transfer RNA carries amino acid groups to ribosomes for protein synthesis. Protein synthesis is controlled by DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, not seen) in the nucleus of a cell. - Stock Image G110/0740
Transfer RNA molecule - Stock Image G110/0742 - Science Photo Library
Transfer RNA molecule. Computer artwork of the double helix of tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid), formed by spiralling paired strands of sugar phosphates, linked by nucleotide base pairs. Transfer RNA carries amino acid groups to ribosomes for protein synthesis. Protein synthesis is controlled by DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, not seen) in the nucleus of a cell. - Stock Image G110/0742
Molecular mechanism of mRNA repression in trans by a ProQ‐dependent small RNA | The EMBO Journal
The vast majority of currently known ProQ‐binding sRNAs are of unknown function (Smirnov et al, 2016). We have previously observed that asRNAs are enriched in the ProQ interactome, suggesting that this protein may be involved in gene expression regulation via perfect base pairing with cis‐encoded mRNA targets. Some of these asRNAs and their regulatory mechanisms have been characterized, including members of the Sib, Rdl, and IstR families of type I antitoxins, the transposon‐associated art200 and the intergenic cis‐acting SraG sRNAs (Darfeuille et al, 2007; Ellis et al, 2015; Fontaine et al, 2016; Han et al, 2010; Kawano, 2012; Mok et al, 2010). Some other ProQ‐associated sRNAs are derived from transcriptional attenuators (SraF, rimP leader) or have been proposed to function as trans‐encoded base‐pairing sRNAs (SraL) (Argaman et al, 2001; Naville & Gautheret, 2010; Nechooshtan et al, 2009; Plumbridge et al, 1985; Silva et al, 2013; Sittka et al, 2008). Recently, one of the ...
Scleraxis messenger ribonucleic acid is expressed in C2C12 myoblasts and its level is down-regulated by bone morphogenetic...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Scleraxis messenger ribonucleic acid is expressed in C2C12 myoblasts and its level is down-regulated by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2). Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
Go to a Shamen for Tinnitus?
The first two times we went, he didn´t show up. I stared to wonder if it was a sign that I shouldn´t go. But my friend said, that he was just super busy and sometimes just forgets, as he is Peruvian.. Well, the third time we went he was there. No, let me rephrase that. The third time we went, he came to „his office after an hour of waiting. „His office because it is basically his house, where he reserved a room to welcome his patients. It is a big door on the street, you go in and set foot into a backyard. Here are several buildings, the house of his family, some small stables and a house for visitors. The room I went into to talk to him looked like it had been a stable and he decorated it differently, it was dark and had no windows, oh wait, it had one tiny window, but it didn´t really let the sunlight in.. I had exected a very spiritual person, you know the ones you see on pictures. They have long hair and wear these special clothes, but he was just a normal person. A farmer, comming ...
Rn28s1 28S ribosomal RNA [ Mus musculus] annotation in GTF file
The ribonucleic acid content of chromosomes - CSHL Scientific Digital Repository
Kaufmann, Berwind Petersen, McDonald, Margaret R., Gay, Helen (November 1948) The ribonucleic acid content of chromosomes. Genetics, 33 (6). p. 615. ...
peptides Tag
Discover Whats New With The Latest Anti-Aging Treatments… One thing we can be certain about is that there are many new and exciting treatments, devices, techniques and products coming out all the time. The overall trend is that the latest anti-ageing treatments are kinder, gentler and more effective on our skin than ever before. Which…. Read More ...
Altered expression of mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA in p53-de¢cientmouse embryos revealed by
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Everyone* knows that DNA codes for proteins. In between the DNA and the protein though, there is an intermediate molecule called RNA - ribonucleic acid (DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid). RNA is similar to DNA in many respects - long chain of bases that we can consider letters, which form a code - but its less…