This project used multiple sources to draw together evidence and expertise in meta-narrative reviews. For each item we have included an explanation for why it is important and guidance on how it might be reported. Meta-narrative review is a relatively new method for evidence synthesis and as experie …

Mentorship is perceived as vital to attracting, training, and retaining nursing faculty members and to maintaining high-quality education programs. While there is emerging evidence to support the value of mentorship in academic medicine, the extant state of the evidence for mentorship in nursing academia has not been established. We describe a protocol for a mixed-methods systematic review to critically appraise the evidence for mentorship in nursing academia. Studies examining the effectiveness of mentorship interventions with nursing faculty who teach in registered nursing education programs will be included. Mentee, mentor, and nursing education institutional outcomes will be explored. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method studies will be eligible for inclusion, without restrictions on publication status, year of publication, or language. We will search electronic databases (for example, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC) and gray literature (for example, conference proceedings, key journals, relevant

Interventions for early stage Hodgkins disease in children: Cochrane systematic review answers are found in the Cochrane Abstracts powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.

Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus: Cochrane systematic review answers are found in the Cochrane Abstracts powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.

This paper provides a concise review of the efficacy, effectiveness and affordability of healthcare interventions to promote and assist tobacco cessation, in order to inform national guideline development and assist countries in planning their provision of tobacco cessation support.. To read the full abstract, and for information on how to access the full text, go to: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12998 or contact your DHB library, or organisational or local library for assistance.. West, R., et al. (2015). Healthcare interventions to promote and assist tobacco cessation: a review of efficacy, effectiveness and affordability for use in national guideline development. Addiction, 29 May [Epub before print].. ...

Network meta-analyses are increasingly used to determine the best available healthcare interventions among all existing treatments for one specific disease. We showed that the conduct, reporting and interpretation of network meta-analyses was questionable. Particularly, the search strategy, assessment of risk of bias and publication bias were inappropriate in most publications. Furthermore, we showed that treatment rankings usually reported with no credibility interval have a substantial degree of imprecision, with a 50% or greater probability that the best-ranked treatment was actually not the best in 28% of networks. We also investigated whether conventional meta-analyses meet clinicians and patients needs. Our results revealed a substantial waste of research, with more than 40% of treatments, treatment comparisons, and trials not covered by existing systematic reviews. We developed a new paradigm, the live cumulative network meta-analysis, a single network meta-analysis covering all ...

Updated: Jan 7 2020 Adverse events associated with medium- and long-term use of opioids for chronic non-cancer pain: an overview of Cochrane Reviews PMID 29084357 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012509.pub2 Adverse events associated with single dose oral analgesics for acute postoperative pain in adults - an overview of Cochrane reviews PMID 26461263 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011407.pub2 Antidepressants for neuropathic pain PMID 17943857 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005454.pub2 Antiepileptics other than gabapentin, pregabalin, topiramate, and valproate for the prophylaxis of episodic migraine in adults PMID 23797674 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010608 Antipsychotics for acute and chronic pain in adults PMID 23990266 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004844.pub3 As required versus fixed schedule analgesic administration for postoperative pain in children PMID 25719451 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011404.pub2 Bisphosphonates for the relief of pain secondary to bone ...

Here we summarise our thinking behind the items in AMSTAR 2, which are numbered as in the instrument (see supplementary figure). Supplementary appendix 1 provides a more complete users guide.. 1. Did the research questions and inclusion criteria for the review include the components of PICO?. It is common practice to use the PICO description (population, intervention, control group, and outcome) as a convenient and easily memorised framework for a study question. Sometimes a timeframe should be added if this is critical in determining the likelihood of a study capturing relevant clinical outcomes (eg, an effect of the intervention is only expected after several years).. 2. Did the report of the review contain an explicit statement that the review methods were established prior to the conduct of the review and did the report justify any significantdeviations from the protocol?. Systematic reviews are a form of observational research, and the methods for the review should be agreed on before the ...

This webinar is the fifth in a series that Cochrane Learning Live is running in partnership with GESI: the Global Evidence Synthesis Initiative.. Rapid reviews are a type of knowledge synthesis for which the steps of a systematic review are streamlined or accelerated to produce evidence in a shortened timeframe. In this webinar, Dr Andrea C. Tricco and Dr Etienne V. Langlois will outline the usefulness of rapid reviews for providing actionable and relevant evidence to make informed decisions, describe how to engage knowledge users (e.g. patients, healthcare providers, policy-makers) in the conduct of rapid reviews, and discuss different rapid review methods that can be used in various contexts. Prof John Lavis will describe similarities and differences across a range of EVIPNet-affiliated rapid evidence services and provide examples of how theyve evolved over time in response to their experiences working with health-system policymakers and stakeholders.. This webinar is for anyone interested in ...

Just off the press: Cochrane Collaboration Review of the use of therapeutic hypothermia after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Evidence of moderate quality suggests that conventional cooling methods provided to induce mild therapeutic hypothermia improve neurological outcome after cardiac arrest, specifically with better outcomes than occur with no temperature management The updated Cochrane review goes a long way…

Background Primary study selection between systematic reviews is inconsistent, and reviews on the same topic may reach different conclusions. Our main objective was to compare systematic reviews on...

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine conducted a rapid turn-around comprehensive review of recent medical literature on The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids. The 16-member committee adopted the key features of a systematic review process, conducting an extensive search of relevant databases and considered 10,000 recent abstracts to determine their relevance. Primacy was given to recently published systematic reviews and primary research that studied one of the committees 11 prioritized health endpoints- therapeutic effects; cancer incidence; cardiometabolic risk; respiratory disease; immune function; injury and death; prenatal, perinatal and postnatal outcomes; psychosocial outcomes; mental health; problem Cannabis use; and Cannabis use and abuse of other substances ...

This systematic review shows that despite several limitations, there is epidemiologic evidence to support an association between NAFLD or NASH and an increased risk of HCC; risk seems to be limited to individuals with cirrhosis.

Background: Frequently, interventions for a given health problem have never been compared in head-to-head randomized controlled trials. In this context, adjusted indirect comparisons based on network meta-analyses (NMAs) could answer the question posed by most healthcare professionals: what is the best intervention among the existing interventions for a specific condition? Objectives: To evaluate the trend in NMAs publication topic in medical electronic databases and in the top five impact factor journals in the Medicine, General and Internal category. Methods: A search strategy was performed in Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and CENTRAL, since inception (Figure 1). We analysed the general yearly trend all together and separately by database and by journal. Results: During the analysed period, the reporting of studies mentioning NMA has increased since the beginning of the XXI century and markedly since 2009. EMBASE was the database with the highest cumulative number of references bout NMA and the ...

Browse by Topic lists topics, selected by the Cochrane Editorial Unit, which best reflects the content of an individual review, within a specialist interest. Reviews can appear in multiple topics, to cover the full interest of the review. This will assist users with locating a specific field of interest within a topic heading. Alternatively browse by Cochrane Review Group will display all the reviews published by that review group. Users will be able to locate a specific field of interest within a Cochrane Review Group heading. A full list of reviews is returned, with a highlighted review being the most significant review published at this time. The user can select by topic within the listing for more appropriate reviews for their needs, with the ability to look at reviews published within 3 months, up to 2 years, or all the reviews within the field of interest.

Our work involves preparing, maintaining and promoting systematic reviews on:. · the diagnosis and treatment of adults with malignant haematological disorders. · the treatment and management of people with acquired haematological disorders · blood and stem cell donation. · use of stem cell therapies and haematopoietic growth factors. · blood transfusion and its alternatives. We are one of the 53 Cochrane Review Groups (https://www.cochrane.org/about-us/our-global-community) which are part of Cochrane, an international not-for-profit and independent organisation, dedicated to making up-to-date, accurate information about the effects of healthcare readily available worldwide. Cochrane produces and disseminates systematic reviews of healthcare interventions, and promotes the search for evidence in the form of clinical trials and other studies of interventions. The Cochrane Haematology editorial base is located at the University Hospital of Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine (Haematology ...

Aims To give an updated perspective of interventions from additional data collected since our first review, conducted in 2008. Background This updated Cochrane Review incorporates new information from recent randomized controlled trials on culturally appropriate diabetes health education interventions. Methods An electronic literature search of six databases was repeated, with databases of ongoing trials checked and three journals hand-searched. Meta-analysis was carried out for sufficiently homogeneous outcomes, and common themes among trials were highlighted. Results A total of 22 new trials were added to the original 11. Meta-analysis of 28 trials containing suitable data showed significant improvements in glycaemic control (HbA1c) and diabetes knowledge over a period of 24 months, after the delivery of culturally appropriate education to participants, compared with those receiving conventional care. There were no consistent benefits over the control group in other selected outcome ...

Medical day hospitals provide multidisciplinary health services to older people in one location. In this Cochrane review, the authors investigated their effectiveness in preventing death, disability, institutionalisation and improving subjective health status.. Sixteen randomised and quasi-randomised trials ... compared day hospitals with comprehensive care (five trials), domiciliary care (seven trials) or no comprehensive care (four trials). The authors conclude from their analysis that there is low quality evidence that medical day hospitals appear effective compared to no comprehensive care for the combined outcome of death or poor outcome, and for deterioration in [activities of daily living ]. There is no clear evidence for other outcomes, or an advantage over other medical care provision.. This article can be read in free full text at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001730.pub3. Brown L, Forster A, Young J, Crocker T, Benham A, Langhorne P, Day Hospital Group. (2015). Medical ...

Antibiotic treatments are indispensable for human and animal health. However, the heavy usage of antibiotics has led to the emergence of resistance. Antibiotic residues, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes are introduced into the terrestrial and aquatic environments via application of human and animal wastes. The emergence and the spread of antibiotic resistance in environmental reservoirs (i.e., soil, water, wildlife) threatens the efficacy of all antibiotics. Therefore, there is an urgent need to determine what effective solutions exist to minimize the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the environment. The aim of this article is to describe the protocol of a systematic review of the literature considering these solutions. The primary questions addressed by the systematic review protocol are: how antibiotic resistance in the environment is impacted by changes in practice concerning (i) the use of antibiotics, (ii) the management of wastes or (iii) the management of the natural compartment.

Strontium and magnesium doped lanthanum gallate La0.85Sr0.15Ga0.85Mg0.15O3-delta (LSGM) oxygen ionic conducting ceramics were prepared by a steric entrapment synthesis (SES) method, which is a polymeric precursor synthesis method by using polyvinyl alcohol in aqueous solution. The perovskite LSGM phase formed essentially at a calcination temperature of 900 degrees C. Pure and single perovskite LSGM phase with high relative density of 97.1% was obtained after sintering at 1450 degrees C, while the relative density of the LSGM sample sintered at the same temperature by solid state reaction (SSR) method was 80.6% in present experiment. Comparing with SSR synthesis method, the sintering temperature by SES can be reduced at least 100 degrees C. Impedance spectra revealed that the grain-boundary resistivity of LSGM synthesized by SES was smaller than that by SSR method. and the conductivities of the samples by SES were higher than those by SSR method at all measuring temperatures.. ...

For two decades, the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group (CSzG) has been producing and maintaining high quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials evaluating the effects of interventions for schizophrenia and related psychotic illnesses. A systematic review is a high-level overview of primary research on a particular research question that tries to identify, select, synthesize and appraise all high quality research evidence relevant to that question in order to answer it,1 and the well conducted ones tend to be carried out by teams of experts. All published versions of Cochrane systematic reviews and protocols are available from the Cochrane library (http://www.thecochranelibrary.com). The full-text versions of these can be accessed and downloaded freely (in some high-income and most low-income countries) or at a cost to others.2 Each review also has an award winning Plain Language Summary (PLS) section to make it more accessible to people without specialised ...

Inappropriate prescribing is highly prevalent and commonly associated with polypharmacy in older populations.11 ,17 However, rigorous evaluations of interventions seeking to address this are lacking. The findings of this review indicate that pharmaceutical care-based interventions appear to improve appropriate polypharmacy in older people based on observed reductions in inappropriate prescribing, especially when the provision of care involves a multidisciplinary element.25 ,27-33 CDS showed potential as an intervention, although this was evaluated in only one study.34. Surrogate markers of appropriate polypharmacy were used as there is no universally applicable tool to assess the appropriateness of polypharmacy. Despite observed improvements in prescribing appropriateness, it is unclear if the identified interventions resulted in clinically significant improvements, for example, reduction in medication-related problems. In addition to the above noted issues with the predictive validity of ...

The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research seeks to improve the health of individuals, families, and populations by understanding the problems, issues and alternatives in the design and delivery of health care services.. ...

BACKGROUND: Although many machine learning algorithms have been developed to detect anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the performance of different algorithms required further investigation. The objectives of this current systematic review are to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of machine-learning-assisted detection for ACL injury based on MRI and find the current best algorithm. METHOD: We will conduct a comprehensive database search for clinical diagnostic tests in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of science without restrictions on publication status and language. The reference lists of the included articles will also be checked to identify additional studies for potential inclusion. Two reviewers will independently review all literature for inclusion and assess their methodological quality using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies version 2. Clinical diagnostic tests exploring the efficacy of machine-learning-assisted ...

Whether overweight or obese end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are suitable for renal transplantation (RT) is often debated. The objective of this review and meta-analysis was to systematically investigate the outcome of low versus high BMI recipients after RT. Comprehensive searches were conducted in MEDLINE OvidSP, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase, and CENTRAL (the Cochrane Library 2014, issue 8). We reviewed four major guidelines that are available regarding (potential) RT recipients. The methodology was in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and written based on the PRISMA statement. The quality assessment of studies was performed by using the GRADE tool. A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. Random-effects models were used. After identifying 5,526 studies addressing this topic, 56 studies were included. We extracted data for 37 outcome measures (including data of more than 209,000 RT recipients), of which 26 could be meta

Whether overweight or obese end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are suitable for renal transplantation (RT) is often debated. The objective of this review and meta-analysis was to systematically investigate the outcome of low versus high BMI recipients after RT. Comprehensive searches were conducted in MEDLINE OvidSP, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase, and CENTRAL (the Cochrane Library 2014, issue 8). We reviewed four major guidelines that are available regarding (potential) RT recipients. The methodology was in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and written based on the PRISMA statement. The quality assessment of studies was performed by using the GRADE tool. A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. Random-effects models were used. After identifying 5,526 studies addressing this topic, 56 studies were included. We extracted data for 37 outcome measures (including data of more than 209,000 RT recipients), of which 26 could be meta

Since 1994, the CIDG has been preparing systematic reviews on the benefits and harms of healthcare interventions for infectious diseases, particularly malaria, tuberculosis, diarrhoea, and tropical diseases. As of 2015, we now also manage the HIV/AIDS portfolio of reviews.. Over the years the Groups name has changed to reflect the expansion of its scope: Parasitic Diseases Group (1994 to 1995); Tropical Diseases Group (1996 to 1997); and Infectious Diseases Group (1997 to present). The CIDG, which is supported by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) through the Research, Evidence and Development Initiative (READ-It) programme aims to ensure that healthcare diseases and healthcare delivery related to low- and middle-income countries are included in the brief of Cochrane, and that people from these countries are involved in preparing Cochrane Reviews.. The CIDGs main areas of work are on determination of the effects of interventions on the prevention or treatment infectious ...

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The umbrella review has systematically summarised the current evidence for coffee consumption and all health outcomes for which a previous meta-analysis had been conducted. It used systematic methods that included a robust search strategy of four scientific literature databases with independent study selection and extraction by two investigators. When possible, we repeated each meta-analysis with a standardised approach that included the use of random effects analysis and produced measures of heterogeneity and publication bias to allow better comparison across outcomes. We also used standard approaches to assess quality of methods (AMSTAR) and quality of the evidence (GRADE).. AMSTAR has good evidence of validity and reliability.13 The AMSTAR score assisted us in identifying the highest quality of evidence for each outcome. It also allows judgment regarding quality of the meta-analysis presented for each outcome. A high AMSTAR score for a meta-analysis, however, does not equate to high quality ...

How safe is it for anyone else? The second hit on Google scholar addresses that. Its a review paper which is good because systematic reviews are at the top of the hierarchy of evidence. I keep telling you that you shouldnt trust just one source of evidence, even a well-conducted scientific study. A systematic review gathers together all the scientific studies on a particular topic, weights them according to how well-conducted and therefore reliable they are, and weighs up the balance of evidence from all the available research. So a good, recent systematic review is about as dependable evidence as you can ask for. This review is called Aspartame: review of safety and again all you can see is the abstract unless you pay for the full paper. It was published in 2002 which isnt bang up to date but its not really old either. It was published in Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology which Wikipedia tells me is a peer reviewed journal with an impact factor of 2.132 which isnt terriible for a ...

How safe is it for anyone else? The second hit on Google scholar addresses that. Its a review paper which is good because systematic reviews are at the top of the hierarchy of evidence. I keep telling you that you shouldnt trust just one source of evidence, even a well-conducted scientific study. A systematic review gathers together all the scientific studies on a particular topic, weights them according to how well-conducted and therefore reliable they are, and weighs up the balance of evidence from all the available research. So a good, recent systematic review is about as dependable evidence as you can ask for. This review is called Aspartame: review of safety and again all you can see is the abstract unless you pay for the full paper. It was published in 2002 which isnt bang up to date but its not really old either. It was published in Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology which Wikipedia tells me is a peer reviewed journal with an impact factor of 2.132 which isnt terriible for a ...

Man-made eutrophication of aquatic environments is a major environmental problem in large parts of the world [1]. This is also the case in Europe, where EU legislation (the Water Framework Directive and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive), international conventions (OSPAR, HELCOM) and national environmental objectives emphasize the need to reduce the input of plant nutrients to freshwater and marine environments. Furthermore, it is generally accepted that some of the reduction measures target agricultural runoff and other diffuse emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus.. One method to reduce the input of plant nutrients to freshwater and coastal waters is to let water pass through some kind of constructed or restored wetland. Major types of constructed wetlands include Free Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands, Subsurface Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetlands, and Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands, whereas restored wetlands refer to wetlands where interventions have been made to ...

Essential Medical Tests Articles: Get information on Essential Medical Tests. Read articles and learn about all the facts related to Essential Medical Tests from our health website Onlymyhealth.com.

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Find out more about realist evaluation and realist synthesis. Kingston University London has a large variety of academics who are regarded as experts in their fields and who are willing to speak to the media about their work.

Introduction While Lyme disease (LD) is mostly treatable, misdiagnosed or untreated LD can result in debilitating sequelae and excessive healthcare usage. The objective of this review was to characterize the body of literature on the economic burden of Lyme disease (LD) and the cost-effectiveness of LD interventions, such as antibiotic treatment and vaccination. Methods We followed Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodologies. We systematically searched terms related to LD, economic evaluations, costs, and cost-effectiveness in Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, and the grey literature up to November 2017. We included primary economic evaluations conducted in North America and Europe, reporting LD-related costs or cost-effectiveness of human interventions. Two reviewers screened articles and charted data independently. Costs were standardized to 2017 United States dollars (USD). Results We screened 923 articles, and included 10 cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) and 11 cost analyses

OBJECTIVES: To survey the frequency of use of indirect comparisons in systematic reviews and evaluate the methods used in their analysis and interpretation. Also to identify alternative statistical approaches for the analysis of indirect comparisons, to assess the properties of different statistical methods used for performing indirect comparisons and to compare direct and indirect estimates of the same effects within reviews. DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases. REVIEW METHODS: The Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) was searched for systematic reviews involving meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that reported both direct and indirect comparisons, or indirect comparisons alone. A systematic review of MEDLINE and other databases was carried out to identify published methods for analysing indirect comparisons. Study designs were created using data from the International Stroke Trial. Random samples of patients receiving aspirin, heparin or placebo in 16 centres were used

The definitions serve the purpose of communication and preservation of knowledge in scientific inquiry. However, it is quite often to perceive number sense concept without well-accepted definitions in the field of mathematics education research. Despite the mentioned issue, the current literature on childrens number sense provide a glean for introducing, implementing, and even measuring the number sense using the specific and contextualized indicators in early mathematics. Consequently, this phenomenon offers to bridge a gap in the literature concerning definitions of number sense and its indicators. This article systematically reviews on the indicators in measuring childrens number sense based on the past research guided by the PRISMA statements. The metadata were analysed using open-coding and were further re-coded through axial coding and selective coding to form a definition of number sense. This article discusses on limitations, implications, and the future research directions for studying

GoodReads is just a fantastic website and my go-to place for book reviews when Im deciding on purchasing. When I get in my mind about buying a book, its less about actually doing it and more about which one (or two or three or whos counting!?). Of course, each review can be based on personal…

Source: Report of the Expert Group on Estimation of Proportion and Number of Poor, 1993, Perspective Planning Division, Planning Commission; PRS Lakdawala Committee (1993): In 1993, an expert group constituted to review methodology for poverty estimation, chaired by DT Lakdawala, made the following suggestions: (i) consumption expenditure should be calculated based on calorie consumption as earlier; (ii) state specific poverty lines should be constructed and these should be updated using the Consumer Price Index of Industrial Workers (CPI-IW) in urban areas and Consumer Price Index of Agricultural Labour (CPI-AL) in rural areas; and (iii) discontinuation of scaling of poverty estimates based on National Accounts Statistics. This assumes that the basket of goods and services used to calculate CPI-IW and CPI-AL reflect the consumption patterns of the poor. Tendulkar Committee (2009): In 2005, another expert group to review methodology for poverty estimation, chaired by Suresh Tendulkar, was ...

Inclusion in Best Lawyers is based entirely on peer review. Best Lawyers has maintained a purely peer review™, transparent methodology for more than 30 years.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a highly progressive and debilitating neurodegenerative disease, which usually leads to the death of affected individuals within a few years after the onset of symptoms. ALS is currently incurable and very little is known about its pathophysiology. Finding validated biomarkers will help us to advance our understanding of ALS etiology and find better strategies for early diagnosis and management of the disease. The main aim of the present systematic review is to evaluate the concentration of 11 frequently reported biomarkers for ALS in peripheral blood and CSF of patients diagnosed with ALS compared with controls. This systematic review protocol has been established according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P) 2015 guideline. We will include all types of observational studies with human subjects that investigated the concentrations of intended biomarkers (amyloid beta (Aβ-42), tau and phosphorylated tau (p

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine conducted a rapid turn-around comprehensive review of recent medical literature on The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids. The 16-member committee adopted the key features of a systematic review process, conducting an extensive search of relevant databases and considered 10,000 recent abstracts to determine their relevance. Primacy was given to recently published systematic reviews and primary research that studied one of the committees 11 prioritized health endpoints- therapeutic effects; cancer incidence; cardiometabolic risk; respiratory disease; immune function; injury and death; prenatal, perinatal and postnatal outcomes; psychosocial outcomes; mental health; problem Cannabis use; and Cannabis use and abuse of other substances ...

Alessandria, Piemonte, Italy. MedicalResearch.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings? Response: The consequences of influenza in adults are mainly time off work. Only vaccination of pregnant women is recommended internationally, while mass vaccination of healthy adults is still matter of debate.. The aim of this Cochrane Review is to assist informed decision making summarizing research that looks at the effects of immunizing healthy adults with influenza vaccines during influenza seasons.. The review process found 52 clinical trials of over 80,000 adults. Only around 15% of the included studies were well designed and conducted. We focused on reporting of results from 25 studies that looked at inactivated vaccines. Injected influenza vaccines probably have a small protective effect against influenza and influenza-like illness (ILI_ (moderate-certainty evidence), as 71 people would need to be vaccinated to avoid one influenza case, and 29 would need to be vaccinated ...

The following chapters of the Cochrane Handbook for DTA Reviews are recommended reading;. Guide to the Contents of a Cochrane Diagnostic Test Accuracy Protocol. Deeks JJ, Wisniewski S, Davenport C. Chapter 4: Guide to the contents of a Cochrane Diagnostic Test Accuracy Protocol. In: Deeks JJ, Bossuyt PM, Gatsonis C (editors), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Version 1.0.0. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2013. Available from: http://srdta.cochrane.org/.. Assessing Methodological Quality. Reitsma JB, Rutjes AWS, Whiting P, Vlassov VV, Leeflang MMG, Deeks JJ,. Chapter 9: Assessing methodological quality. In: Deeks JJ, Bossuyt PM, Gatsonis C (editors), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Version 1.0.0. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2009. Available from: http://srdta.cochrane.org/.. Interpreting Results and Drawing Conclusions. Bossuyt P, Davenport C, Deeks J, Hyde C, Leeflang M, Scholten R. Chapter 11:Interpreting results and drawing ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Behavioral treatment for chronic low back pain: a systematic review within the framework of the Cochrane Collaboration.. AU - van Tulder, M.. AU - Ostelo, R.W.J.G.. AU - Vlaeyen, J.W.S.. AU - Linton, S.J.. AU - Morley, S.J.. AU - Assendelft, W.J.J.. PY - 2000. Y1 - 2000. KW - low back pain. KW - behavioral treatment. KW - systematic review. U2 - 10.1097/00007632-200010150-00024. DO - 10.1097/00007632-200010150-00024. M3 - Article. VL - 25. SP - 2688. EP - 2699. JO - Spine. JF - Spine. SN - 0362-2436. ER - ...

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Inspired by a recent video by 3Blue1Brown, I want to talk about the mathematics of probability, particularly in relation to medical tests. If you have seen the video in question, feel free to skip this posts. If you prefer Grant Sandersons visual presentation over my writing, go over to his YouTube channel and give the original video a watch: The medical test paradox: Can redesigning Bayes rule help?. In this post Im going to explain in my own words the same concept, and provide some thoughts on its real-life application.. Imagine that there is a disease which affects 1% of the population. There is a test out there to check whether or not someone is afflicted with the disease, which has a 90% accuracy. This means that, of the people who have the disease, 90% of them will correctly receive positive results (theyre sick and the test says they are sick) and 10% of them will incorrectly receive negative results (theyre sick but the test says they are not sick). Of the people who dont have the ...

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10 essential medical tests to be done in your 30s. A Medical test refers to the process carried out upon a patient to detect, diagnose or observe a disease.

A comprehensive database for healthcare professionals, focused on evidence-based practice, which covers a wide range of medical, nursing, and health science specialties and includes a unique suite of information that has been analyzed, appraised, and prepared by expert reviewers: Evidence Summaries; Evidence-Based Recommended Practices; Best Practice Information Sheets; Systematic Reviews; Consumer Information Sheets; Systematic Review Protocols, and Technical Reports ...

I think there are two possible approaches to the information shown in the screenshot in any bibliographic style. In one approach the publication year is treated as the volume number. In the other, the issue number is used as a volume number. I believe it would be best to treat the year as the volume number in APA 6th and may be best to take the other approach in AMA 10th (since the publication year and volume number are immediately adjacent in AMA 10th). Possible bibliography entries are shown below:. In APA 6th:. Milan, S. J., Hart, A., & Wilkinson, M. (2013). Vitamin C for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013(10), CD010391. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010391.pub2. Milan, S. J., Hart, A., & Wilkinson, M. (2013). Vitamin C for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10, CD010391. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010391.pub2. In AMA 10th. 1. Milan SJ, Hart A, Wilkinson M. Vitamin C for asthma and ...

Producing literature reviews of complex evidence for policymaking questions is a challenging methodological area. There are several established and emerging approaches to such reviews, but unanswered questions remain, especially around how to begin to make sense of large data sets drawn from heterogeneous sources. Drawing on Kuhns notion of scientific paradigms, we developed a new method - meta-narrative review - for sorting and interpreting the 1024 sources identified in our exploratory searches. We took as our initial unit of analysis the unfolding storyline of a research tradition over time. We mapped these storylines by using both electronic and manual tracking to trace the influence of seminal theoretical and empirical work on subsequent research within a tradition. We then drew variously on the different storylines to build up a rich picture of our field of study. We identified 13 key meta-narratives from literatures as disparate as rural sociology, clinical epidemiology, marketing and

Anthroposophic Medicine | Mistletoe in Cancer: A Systematic Review on Controlled Clinical Trials by Gunver Sophia Kienle, MD, et al

STS Clinical Practice Guidelines are intended to assist physicians and other health care providers in clinical decision-making by describing a range of generally acceptable approaches for the diagnosis, management, or prevention of specific diseases or conditions. These guidelines should not be considered inclusive of all proper methods of care or exclusive of other methods of care reasonably directed at obtaining the same results. Moreover, these guidelines are subject to change over time, without notice. The ultimate judgment regarding the care of a particular patient must be made by the physician in light of the individual circumstances presented by the patient.. STS Systematic Reviews are intended to compliment clinical practice guidelines in assisting physicians and other health care providers in clinical decision-making by evaluating the strength of evidence regarding particular treatments, and determining whether the level is sufficient enough to make recommendations for clinical ...

Tumor necrosis (TN) correlates with adverse outcomes in numerous solid tumors. However, its prognostic value in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate associations between TN and cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free-survival (PFS) in RCC. Electronic searches in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were conducted according to the PRISMA statement. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to evaluate relationships between TN and RCC. A fixed- or random-effects model was used to calculate pooled HRs and 95%CIs according to heterogeneity. A total of 34 cohort studies met the eligibility criteria of this meta-analysis. The results showed that TN was significantly predictive of poorer CSS (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.23-1.53, p | 0.001), OS (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.20-1.40, p | 0.001), RFS (HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.39-1.72, p | 0.001) and PFS (HR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1

TULSA, Okla. (AP) - Oklahoma has no plans to review its lethal injection protocol even though two inmates executed this month complained as the drugs began to flow through their bodies.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent to which recommendations in the national guidelines for the cessation of smoking are based on evidence from systematic reviews of controlled trials. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of recommendations for the national guidelines for the cessation of smoking. MATERIALS: National guidelines in clinical practice on smoking cessation published in English. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The type of evidence (systematic review of controlled trials, individual trials, other studies, expert opinion) used to support each recommendation. We also assessed whether a Cochrane systematic review was available and could have been used in formulating the recommendation. RESULTS: Four national smoking cessation guidelines (from Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States) covering 105 recommendations were identified. An explicit evidence base for 100%, 89%, 68%, and 98% of recommendations, respectively, was detected, of which 60%, 56%, 59%, and 47% were based on systematic

Decision Points are designed to guide you through key health decisions, combining medical information with your personal information to make a wise health decision. Click on a link below to learn more about the medical test you are considering:. ...

Medical Tests for the Informed Patient: Topics of interest, including Health and Wellness, Medical Conditions, Medications & Vaccines, and more.

Get this from a library! The patients guide to medical tests. [Barry L Zaret;] -- Inside youll get instant access to thousands of definitions and abbreviations relevant to all health professionals. Learn - and recall - the precise meanings of terms related to; anatomy, ...

Make the best health decisions by reading 10 Overprescribed Medical Tests and Treatments at Healthgrades, Americas leading resource for finding healthcare providers

Common Medical Tests - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the Merck Manuals - Medical Consumer Version.

Medical tests for pregnant women are very essential in every Pregnancy. These tests helps to identify possible problems or future complications that may pose

Author: Julie Chen. Title: Five Important Medical Tests You Need to Take. Summary: Going through medical school, we are taught that we should know whats wrong with a patient before we order the labs because the patients medical history...

Fourteen cents? Who says that medical care has to be expensive? But 14 cents? As ridiculous as it sounds, one of the most important medical tests (you can

Delhi District Court (DDC) will conduct the Medical Test for the posts of Junior Judicial Assistants/Information Entry Operator from 01 April 2021 onwards.

Read this article to understand why medical test is important for buying Term Insurance Plan in India. To know more visit PNB MetLife.