CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): No mixed methods research design blends typological and systemic approaches into a cohe-sive, multifaceted whole. A synergistic approach to mixed methods research uses the inher-ent strengths of both types of approaches, providing researchers with a comprehensive framework for making pivotal research design decisions. Grounded in both philosophy and practice, this approach enables researchers to identify what will be researched, how it will be researched, and why the research will be undertaken in their chosen way. Presented as a set of core principles and a conceptual framework, its practical application is illustrated through the authors experience of mixing methods in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). The synergistic approach discussed in this article offers researchers an alternative mixed methods research approach.

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FDA Anti-Infective Drugs Advisory Committee. Design Issues in ABS Trials: Surrogates Endpoints & Non-Inferiority Trials October 29, 2003 Thomas R. Fleming, Ph.D. Professor and Chair of Biostatistics University of Washington. Design Issues in ABS Trials. Criteria for Study Endpoints Slideshow 6407475 by kamal-huff

|p||i|BMC Medical Research Methodology|/i| is an open access journal publishing original peer-reviewed research articles in methodological approaches to healthcare research. Articles on the methodology of epidemiological research, clinical trials and meta-analysis/systematic review are particularly encouraged, as are empirical studies of the associations between choice of methodology and study outcomes. |i|BMC Medical Research Methodology|/i| does not aim to publish articles describing scientific methods or techniques: these should be directed to the BMC journal covering the relevant biomedical subject area.|/p||p||i|BMC Medical Research Methodology|/i| is part of the |i|BMC|/i| series which publishes subject-specific journals focused on the needs of individual research communities across all areas of biology and medicine. We do not make editorial decisions on the basis of the interest of a study or its likely impact. Studies must be scientifically valid; for research articles this includes a

Sample size requirements are generally stated in regulatory standards. A guideline to consider is three test article and one reference (control) for hydrodynamic and durability assessment per size. Durability testing however is extended to 5 test article and one reference to fill a tester and is recommended to increase confidence. Other considerations and recommended for percutaneous valves are geometry, compliance, and deployment. We work closely with regulatory bodies to stay abreast of the latest concern so we can recommend the best matrix of test conditions.. ...

|p||i|BMC Medical Research Methodology|/i| is an open access journal publishing original peer-reviewed research articles in methodological approaches to healthcare research. Articles on the methodology of epidemiological research, clinical trials and meta-analysis/systematic review are particularly encouraged, as are empirical studies of the associations between choice of methodology and study outcomes. |i|BMC Medical Research Methodology|/i| does not aim to publish articles describing scientific methods or techniques: these should be directed to the BMC journal covering the relevant biomedical subject area.|/p||p||i|BMC Medical Research Methodology|/i| is part of the |i|BMC|/i| series which publishes subject-specific journals focused on the needs of individual research communities across all areas of biology and medicine. We do not make editorial decisions on the basis of the interest of a study or its likely impact. Studies must be scientifically valid; for research articles this includes a

Multiple Tests, Multivariable Decision Rules, and Studies of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. Chapter 8 - Multiple Tests and Multivariable Decision Rules Chapter 5 - Studies of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. Michael A. Kohn, MD, MPP 10/19/2006. Outline of Topics. Slideshow 3340964 by bebe

Selection of target sample size is a critical factor in the design of any randomized trial. Although calculations are straightforward, the underlying assumptions are frequently based on incomplete data. Relatively small errors in the assumptions can design a trial that is either substantially under- or overpowered.. One of the more rapidly evolving clinical trial methodological areas is that of adaptive clinical trials, where the study design is adjusted based on data collected as part of the initial conduct of the trial. Methods for adaptive trials are sometimes confused with the much more mature methodological area of group sequential trials.7-9 Shih eloquently relates that group sequential trial methodology has the goal of saving lives or saving resources whereas the adaptive clinical trial approach has the goal of saving the study.10. There are 2 approaches of adaptive trial methodology. The first examines estimates of parameters that were assumed during the design phase of the project ...

We identified a high frequency of unacknowledged discrepancies and poor reporting of sample size calculations and data analysis methods in an unselected cohort of randomised trials. To our knowledge, this is the largest review of sample size calculations and statistical methods described in trial publications compared with protocols. We reviewed key methodological information that can introduce bias if misrepresented or altered retrospectively. Our broad sample of protocols is a key strength, as unrestricted access to such documents is often very difficult to obtain.11 Previous comparisons have been limited to case reports,6 small samples,12 13 specific specialty fields,14 and specific journals.15 Other reviews of reports submitted to drug licensing agencies did not have access to protocols.4 16 17. One limitation is that our cohort may not reflect recent protocols and publications, as this type of review can be done only several years after protocol submission to allow time for publication. ...

Sample size calculations are central to the design of health research trials. To ensure that the trial provides good evidence to answer the trials research question, the target effect size (difference in means or proportions, odds ratio, relative risk or hazard ratio between trial arms) must be specified under the conventional approach to determining the sample size. However, until now, there has not been comprehensive guidance on how to specify this effect. This is a commentary on a collection of papers from two important projects, DELTA (Difference ELicitation in TriAls) and DELTA2 that aim to provide evidence-based guidance on systematically determining the target effect size, or difference and the resultant sample sizes for trials. In addition to surveying methods that researchers are using in practice, the research team met with various experts (statisticians, methodologists, clinicians and funders); reviewed guidelines from funding agencies; and reviewed recent methodological literature. The

Semantic Scholar extracted view of [Androgen binding proteins in human prostatic hyperplasis. Methodological aspects]. by J Y Dubé et al.

In this paper some methodological problems particularly relevant to case-control studies of injury are illustrated by reference to previous childhood injury case-control studies. In contrast to studies of disease, where person time constitutes the observational experience of interest, in injury studies person time engaged in a particular activity to often more appropriate. The implications for the definition of the study base are discussed. The potential for hospital admission bias in injury case-control studies is considered along with potential strategies for avoiding it. The importance of errors in exposure measurement, including those arising from inappropriate induction time assumptions, are illustrated. Finally, the potential for bias resulting from the combination of etiologically unrelated injury outcomes into a single outcome measure is illustrated and discussed. ...

If you have a question about this talk, please contact Professor John Rust.. Optimal design allows for estimating parameters of statistical models according to important optimality criteria, e. g., minimizing standard errors of estimators. Thus, optimal designs may considerably reduce the number of experimental units, such as respondents or items in empirical studies. For a long time, optimal design has not received much attention within psychology, but meanwhile interest for this subject is rapidly increasing as such designs are needed, e. g., in large scale assessment, adaptive testing or automatic item generation. In this presentation, first, fundamental principles of optimal design are introduced using well-known linear models, e. g. analysis of variance or simple regression. The rationale of adaptive, Bayesian, and minimax designs needed for nonlinear models will then be outlined. Such designs are presented for Item Response Theory (IRT) models, e.g., 1Pl and 2PL model or linear logistic ...

Peter Cronholm, MD, MSCE, FAAFP, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health. His research interests have focused on health services regarding: 1) integration of trauma-informed care and primary prevention strategies into systems of primary care; and 2) developing novel mixed methodologies and patient-centered outcomes into research paradigms. Dr. Cronholm serves as the Co-Director of the Mixed Methods Research Lab (MMRL: http://www.med.upenn.edu/mmrl/). The goal of the MMRL is to foster the use of qualitative and mixed methods research methodologies with a focus on integrating key stakeholder perspectives and goals into research designs. The MMRL is a University of Pennsylvania Service Center that supports investigators in the development of conceptual and methodological approaches for community-based and clinical research questions. Qualitative, mixed methods and action research are uniquely suited to capture the contextual, socio-cultural, and ...

At lastùa lucid, comprehensive, and integrated approach to using quantitative methods in the social sciences. Author Thomas R. Blacks method focuses on designing and executing research so that issues such as planning, sampling, designing measurement instruments, choosing statistical tests, and interpreting results are integrated into the research process. Blacks how-to approach guides the student and researcher through the minefield of issues they are confronted with when doing research, as well as setting it apart from other books that focus on either research design and measurement issues or statistical methods. Written in a lively, accessible style, the student is introduced to research design issues along with statistical procedures necessary for data analysis that develops the students analytical skills and decision-making powers. An ideal textbook for students across the social sciences, Doing Quantitative Research in the Social Sciences includes a wide range of examples and activities ...

This paper concerns design considerations (kinetics and hydraulic criteria) for a biological nitrification-denitrification attached culture process for sewage treatment.. The treatment system is composed of two submerged filters. The first one, an anoxic reactor, denitrifies and retains wastewater suspended solids. The second one oxidizes organic carbon and ammonia nitrogen.. It was found that the main parameter for the system is the recycle ratio since it sets the real hydraulic detention time in reactors and determines the quantity of nitrogen available to the denitrification process. ...

This collection of papers from Tourism Geographies emphasizes new and emerging research paradigms in the geographic study of tourism. The papers included in thi

This conference brings together key themes explored in the previous NCRM workshops on the methodological challenges to ageing cohort studies (http://www.methods.manchester.ac.uk/ageingcohort/). The focus of this conference will be innovative solutions that have been developed by researchers to deal with problems associated with ageing cohort studies. In particular, some solutions to challenges related to attrition, missingness, comparability across cohorts and over time, and data collection will be highlighted over two days. The first day will feature presentations and where appropriate, a demonstration of syntax programming for statistical packages. The second day will feature practical sessions in a computer lab using statistical software packages ...

This function provides detailed sample size estimation information to determine the number of subjects that are required to test the hypothesis H_0: κ = κ_0 vs. H_1: κ = κ_1, at two-sided significance level α, with power, 1 - β. This version assumes that the outcome is multinomial with five levels.

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In the common linear regression model the problem of determining optimal designs for least squares estimation is considered in the case where the observations are correlated. A necessary condition for the optimality of a given design is provided, which extends the classical equivalence theory for optimal designs in models with uncorrelated errors to the case of dependent data. If the regression functions are eigenfunctions of an integral operator defined by the covariance kernel, it is shown that the corresponding measure defines a universally optimal design. For several models universally optimal designs can be identified explicitly. In particular, it is proved that the uniform distribution is universally optimal for a class of trigonometric regression models with a broad class of covariance kernels and that the arcsine distribution is universally optimal for the polynomial regression model with correlation structure defined by the logarithmic potential. To the best knowledge of the authors ...

In the common linear regression model the problem of determining optimal designs for least squares estimation is considered in the case where the observations are correlated. A necessary condition for the optimality of a given design is provided, which extends the classical equivalence theory for optimal designs in models with uncorrelated errors to the case of dependent data. If the regression functions are eigenfunctions of an integral operator defined by the covariance kernel, it is shown that the corresponding measure defines a universally optimal design. For several models universally optimal designs can be identified explicitly. In particular, it is proved that the uniform distribution is universally optimal for a class of trigonometric regression models with a broad class of covariance kernels and that the arcsine distribution is universally optimal for the polynomial regression model with correlation structure defined by the logarithmic potential. To the best knowledge of the authors ...

Optimal design is useful in improving the efficiencies of experiments with respect to a specified optimality criterion, which is often related to one or more statistical models assumed. In particular, sometimes chemical and biological studies could involve multiple experimental factors. Often, it is convenient to fit a nonlinear model in these factors. This nonlinear model can be either mechanistic or empirical, as long as it describes the unknown mechanism behind the response surface. In this thesis, our main interest is in exact optimal design of experiments for nonlinear multifactor models. In order to search for optimal designs, we can use the conventional point or coordinate exchange approach, which however can incorporate a new continuous optimisation method. On the basis of this idea, we further develop and implement a multistage hybrid method to construct local and (pseudo-)Bayesian optimal designs. The recommended hybrid exchange algorithm overcomes the shortcomings of the modified ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Optimal designs for asymmetric sigmoidal response curves in bioassays and immunoassays. AU - Hyun, Seung Won. AU - Wong, Weng Kee. AU - Yang, Yarong. PY - 2020/2/1. Y1 - 2020/2/1. N2 - The 5-parameter logistic (5PL) model is frequently used to model and analyze responses from bioassays and immunoassays which can be skewed. Various types of optimal experimental designs for 2, 3 and 4-parameter logistic models have been reported but not for the more complicated 5PL model. We construct different types of optimal designs for studying various features of the 5PL model and show that commonly used designs in bioassays and immunoassays are generally inefficient for statistical inference. To facilitate use of such designs in practice, we create a user-friendly software package to generate various tailor-made optimal designs for the 5PL model and evaluate robustness properties of a design under a variation of criteria, model forms and misspecification in the nominal values of the model ...

The most difficult and most important considerations in planning the protocol of a case-control study are ascertainment of cases, selection of controls and the quality of the exposure measurement. Plans to ensure careful field work are equally important; without attention to data collection, the protocol will be meaningless. In most case-control studies, the measurement problem is magnified because one cannot implement the collection of exposure information at the beginning of follow-up, and instead must rely on interviews, existing records or extrapolation into the past. Consideration of a case-control study as an efficient way to study a cohort helps to resolve some design issues.

In the last two years, Family Medicine and Community Health (FMCH) has made significant stride in its pursuit of promoting and advancing primary care research globally since its inception, and is indexed in PubMed Central, Medline, and ESCI database. FMCH is planning a special issue on Methods and Methodology in Primary Care Research that will be published in summer 2021.. This call for papers seeks high-quality methodology papers, which is case-based, and detail innovative, rigorous or pragmatic primary care methodologies used to answer specific research questions. We especially welcome papers involving complexity science, systematic science, mixed methods research(MMR), and practice-based research network(PBRN).. The theme of this special issue is endorsed by the FMCH Editorial Board that recognizes the vital importance of innovative and rigorous research methods and methodology in advancing the field of family medicine and community health.. The closing date for submissions to the special ...

In recent years, the use of adaptive design methods in clinical research and development based on accrued data has become very popular due to its flexibility and efficiency. Based on adaptations applied, adaptive designs can be classified into three categories: prospective, concurrent (ad hoc), and …

How to Write a Methodology Section for Case Study A Guide to Writing a Case Study Research Methodology Case study system is famous as an exploration technique in various fields of science: brain research, human science, training, human sciences, law, social work, clinical science, political theory, business, and regulatory science. That is the reason understudies who take classes in those sciences are regularly appointed to compose Case studies. Composing a contextual analysis is a difficult and tedious procedure. You need to structure a decent contextual analysis, assemble important data and later, present your data and break down them reasonably. Furthermore,…

By using an imaging device (30), it is possible to determine the concentration of flourescent pigments contained in a target sample (1). The imaging device has a plurality of detection wavelength bands. There are prepared a plurality of reference samples, each containing each of the flourescent pigments in a predetermined unit concentration, so as to obtain measurement intensity of flourescent light emitted from each reference sample at each detection wavelength band. The flourescent image of the target sample is imaged at each detection wavelength band by using the imaging device. By using the flourescent intensities obtained from the reference sample and the target sample, calculation is executed so as to obtain the concentration of each of the flourescent pigments in the target sample.

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered: Allergies Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully. Children Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of Epiduo® in children younger than 9 years of age. Safety and efficacy have not been established. Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of Epiduo® Forte in children younger than 12 years of age. Safety and efficacy have not been established. Older adults Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated ...

This module aims to provide an overview of the range of qualitative and quantitative research methods that are available in business and management...

This paper presents a pilot study rationale and research methodology using a mixed media visualisation (3D printing and Augmented Reality simulation) learning intervention to help students in an ICT degree represent theoretical complex multi-step problems without a corresponding real world physical analog model. This is important because these concepts are difficult to visualise without a corresponding mental model. The proposed intervention uses an augmented reality application programmed with free commercially available tools, tested through an action research methodology, to evaluate the effectiveness of the mixed media visualisation techniques to teach ICT students networking. Specifically, 3D models of network equipment will be placed in a field and then the augmented reality app can be used to observe packet traversal and routing between the different devices as data travels from the source to the destination. Outcomes are expected to be an overall improvement in final skill level for all students

A course dedicated to educating the next generation of oncologists about the essentials of clinical trial design, implementation, and analysis, will b

Quantitative and statistical research methods from hypothesis to results pdf - Re-define research questions → hypotheses times and the results are forming the sample data. hashimototorii.org [online;. Quantitative and Statistical Research Methods: From Hypothesis to Results (​Research Methods for the Social Sciences Book 42) - Kindle edition by Martin.

Since the advent of computers, scientists who study how people learn have been utilizing technology to uncover the cognitive and neural mechanisms of learning. Recent technological advances have allowed learning scientists to move their research out of the lab and into the wild, to investigate how students learn in real-world environments. However, the move from the lab to the classroom involves a significant shift in strategy, requiring consideration of factors varying from the design of mobile (vs. lab-based) technology to the recruitment of participants, as well as the contextual variables to account for in the less-controlled environment of schools. Here I discuss the learnings our group has gleaned from a research program involving over a thousand elementary and middle school students in a longitudinal, multi-year design that involves technologies for assessment and improving learning in schools.

Download free ebook: Clinical Trials Design in Operative and Non Operative Invasive Procedures. 2017 ; ISBN-10: 3319538764 ; 520 Pages ; EPUB . download ebook - Home,Science,Medicine, pdf

Around 90% of drugs in trials dont make it to the market. Optimizing clinical trial design and reducing late stage failures are key priority for drug developers.

/PRNewswire/ -- The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson announced today the launch of the next evolution of digital clinical trial design...

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

This article focuses on a fundamental question: which types of health care studies are most trustworthy? That is, which study designs are most immune to the many biases and alternative explanations that may produce unreliable results. The article is available to read in free full text at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.150187. Soumerai SB, Starr D, Majumdar SR. (2015). How Do You Know Which Health Care Effectiveness Research You Can Trust? A Guide to Study Design for the Perplexed. Preventing Chronic Disease, 12:150187.. ...

This article focuses on a fundamental question: which types of health care studies are most trustworthy? That is, which study designs are most immune to the many biases and alternative explanations that may produce unreliable results. The article is available to read in free full text at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.150187. Soumerai SB, Starr D, Majumdar SR. (2015). How Do You Know Which Health Care Effectiveness Research You Can Trust? A Guide to Study Design for the Perplexed. Preventing Chronic Disease, 12:150187.. ...

Find out how The Centre for Ethnic Health Research can offer support with the recruitment of participants for your research projects.

At the International Indian Statistical Association Conference, held at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, participants focused on advancements in theory

This practical book shows practicing social scientists and graduate students how to account for cultural factors when developing and evaluating psychological and educational interventions using mixed methods research. Providing a methodological basis for handling cultural influences when engaged in intervention and/or evaluation work, the book covers a range of topics, including mixed methods research, program evaluation, ethnography, and intervention design. Throughout the book, the authors integrate illustrative examples to make more abstract content accessible. Mixed Methods Research and Culture-Specific Interventions is Volume 2 in the SAGE Mixed Methods Research Series. To learn more about each text in the series, please visit www.sagepub.com/mmrs. ...

Patient recruitment and up-front enrollment planning are critical to drug development programs. Patient recruitment, if not adequately planned for, can extend your development timeline by a number of years. Retention of patients throughout the life of a clinical trial is essential in order to have complete data sets for your analysis and subsequent filings. In order to optimize both, you have to have a plan and it should take into account all stakeholders from senior management at the sponsor company and the CRO partners, to the sites and investigators and study volunteers. Cambridge Healthtech Institutes Tenth Annual Enrollment Planning and Patient Recruitment conference will cover the topics one should consider when drafting and strategically implementing a patient recruitment plan for a clinical development program.. ,p justify;\=,. ...

What is research, and what is qualitative versus quantitative research? What is mixed methods research? Many different homework assignments ask the student to locate qualitative research or quantitative research articles. See https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/communityengagement/pce_program_methods.html for some definitions. The British Library has a site describing qualitative research. Also, the US PubMed Central data source has an article describing qualitative research. Mixed methods research, a combination of different types of research, can be studied at a US National Institutes of Health information source here. Different governmental entities describe and support qualitative and quantitative research, including Australia, as described in their National Health and Medical Research Council site, here. Many resources throughout the world concern themselves with ethical research conduct, including how to carefully manage individuals who are the subject of research and clinical trials (see NIH ...

Enhanced capability design-rule halos for use in Computer Aided Design (CAD) software programs are described. Such enhanced halos, created around a design feature at the design rule distance from that feature, have the following characteristics: beveled corners for closer placement of adjacent non-parallel and/or non-perpendicular design features, level-to-level design rule halos, following a bend or turn in a design feature, the design rule halo automatically adapts to bends or turns in the design feature and associated changes in the design feature following the bend, following a bend or turn in a design feature, the design feature and the design rule halo automatically snap back, as required, to avoid a design rule violation with respect to an adjacent design feature, and the design-rule halo is prevented from extending closer to an adjacent design feature than the design rule distance. These actions are performed real-time and interactively.

Defining a sound strategy for patient recruitment is the primary theme of this, the tenth book in an evolving series of pragmatic texts written for the clinical trials professional. Because patient recruitment problems are the most important reason for the failure of clinical trials, a strong need exists for a source that gathers numerous ideas for patient recruitment. The authors provide examples of letters, brochures, announcements, and campaigns that can be sculpted to reach intended study populations. Another strength is the checklist-oriented tables and study-specific figures that are based on current clinical trials ...

Applied Statistics in Biomedicine and Clinical Trials Design : This volume is a unique combination of papers that cover critical topics in biostatistics from academic, government, and industry perspectives. The 6 sections cover Bayesian methods in biomedical research; Diagnostic medicine and classification; Innovative Clinical Trials Design; Modelling and Data Analysis; Personalized Medicine; and Statistical Genomics. The real world applications are in

The standard non-parametric test for paired ordinal data is the Wilcoxon, which is sort of an augmented sign test. I dont know of a formula for power analysis for the Wilcoxon, but you can certainly get power analyses for the sign test (there are various resources listed in my question here: Free or downloadable resources for sample size calculations). Note that (as @Glen_b notes in the comment below), this would assume that there are no ties. If you expect there will be some proportion of ties, the power analysis for the sign test would give you the requisite $N$ excluding the ties, so you would inflate that estimate by multiplying it by the reciprocal of the proportion of untied data you expect to have (e.g., if you thought you might have $20\%$ tied data, and the test required $N=100$, then youd multiply $100$ by $1/.8$ to get $125$). Unless you need the minimum $N$ to achieve a specified power, that should work for you. For example, when running power calculations for more complicated ...

A total of 9 trials (13%) switched from superiority to noninferiority. Among them, 5 trials (7%) conducted noninferiority analyses without prespecified margins. The margins were specified after the analysis of superiority had been conducted (4 trials) or after the start of patient enrollment (1 trial). The other 4 trials (6%) had a prespecified plan of switching from superiority to noninferiority. Three of the 4 trials adjusted for multiplicity by the Bonferroni method, the Hochberg method, or the closed testing procedure.. More than half of the 72 trials accrued 500 patients or more in total, and most had apparent statistical power of 80% or more. However, 11 trials (15%) calculated the sample size as a superiority trial, and 9 trials (13%) calculated it as a noninferiority trial under alternative hypotheses of superiority, that is, that the experimental treatment was slightly better than the control, suggesting potential under power for testing the noninferiority hypothesis.. Alpha error rates ...

Objective: A large number of tools for assessing the quality of randomized controlled trials are available; however, users have little guidance as to whether a given score represents high or low validity. The purpose of this study is to explore the use of studies identified as having high-internal validity, referred to as the standard studies, to interpret internal validity scores from studies with unknown internal validity. Methods: The standard studies were identified by locating 6 candidate studies reporting the findings of randomized controlled trials from the Journal of American Medicine Association or the New England Journal of Medicine and scoring the studies using 2 scales, the Jadad scale (high score = 5; low = 0) and an internal validity information scale (IVI; high score = 70; low = 0). The 2 studies with the highest average rank were chosen as the standard studies. To determine if the standard studies facilitate interpretation of internal validity scores, 11 randomized controlled ...

Research Methodology multiple choice questions and answers on Research Methodology MCQ questions quiz on Research Methodology objectives questions. Page 20

In cancer clinical proteomics, MALDI and SELDI profiling are used to search for biomarkers of potentially curable early-stage disease. A given number of samples must be analysed in order to detect clinically relevant differences between cancers and controls, with adequate statistical power. From clinical proteomic profiling studies, expression data for each peak (protein or peptide) from two or more clinically defined groups of subjects are typically available. Typically, both exposure and confounder information on each subject are also available, and usually the samples are not from randomized subjects. Moreover, the data is usually available in replicate. At the design stage, however, covariates are not typically available and are often ignored in sample size calculations. This leads to the use of insufficient numbers of samples and reduced power when there are imbalances in the numbers of subjects between different phenotypic groups. A method is proposed for accommodating information on covariates,

Chronic tinnitus is a common condition with a high burden of disease. While many different treatments are used in clinical practice, the evidence for the efficacy of these treatments is low and the variance of treatment response between individuals is high. This is most likely due to the great heterogeneity of tinnitus with respect to clinical features as well as underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. There is a clear need to find effective treatment options in tinnitus, however, clinical trials differ substantially with respect to methodological quality and design. Consequently, the conclusions that can be derived from these studies are limited and jeopardize comparison between studies. Here, we discuss our view of the most important aspects of trial design in clinical studies in tinnitus and make suggestions for an international methodological standard in tinnitus trials. We hope that the proposed methodological standard will stimulate scientific discussion and will help to improve the ...

9 search for chromosomal regions harboring disease genes with sparsely spaced microsatellite markers, SNPs are far more abundant and highly informative for genetic association studies [7]. Table 2: Distribution of DNA Samples by the CHS Cohort and Race/Ethnicity CHS Cohort Race/Ethnicity Total w/ DNA % All Children Candidate Gene Association NHW HW Af Am As Am Other Study GWAS A 278 102 10 18 26 434 46.3% X - B 342 108 21 29 39 539 57.5% X X C 733 281 41 51 69 1175 65.1% X X D 802 473 73 72 78 1498 72.0% X X E 1299 2142 115 135 396 4087 72.6% - X Total 3454 3106 260 305 608 7733 67.9% , 3,000 , 2,600 Note: NHW = non-Hispanic whites, HW = Hispanic whites, Af Am = African American, As Am = Asian American. Note: CHS = Children Health Study; GWAS = genome-wide association study; dash (-) = not done. In the CHS, buccal cell samples were collected as a source of genomic DNA from over 7,700 CHS participants since the beginning of 1998. Table 2 presents the frequency of genotyped children in each of the ...

Authentication systems based on biometric features (e.g., fingerprint impressions, iris scans, human face images, etc.) are increasingly gaining widespread

Welcome to Loughborough Universitys webpages for Research Staff.. At Loughborough University, we are committed to providing our Research Staff with high quality training and career development opportunities, supporting them in their roles and in engaging our research staff community. As a research-led institution we recognise that Research Staff are central to our success.. These pages are intended to provide you with a range of resources and information about the support that is available to you, but please contact us if there is anything you would like discuss. ...

On April 8, 2008, a meeting on Study Designs and Analytic Strategies for Environmental and Policy Research on Obesity, Physical Activity, and Diet brought together staff from multiple funding agencies and investigators from diverse fields to identify research priorities based on gaps in the literature and public health needs.. The meeting was successful in soliciting input from participants to identify study designs, analytic strategies, and needed measures for the next generation of environment and policy studies that can inform improved obesity prevention. The meeting emphasized improving the quality of evidence from the current reliance on cross-sectional studies to prospective and intervention trials that can be more readily translated into changes in policy and practice.. For more information, view the Agenda, Participant List, and Full Report of the meetings proceedings.. Sponsored by:. ...

For my power analysis prior to conducting my Facebook study, I examined how many people I would need to find an R-squared of 0.05 or greater (up to 0.50 - and I knew it was unlikely Id find an R-squared that high). I also included the following assumptions when I conducted the power analysis: my alpha would be 0.05 (Type I error rate), my power would be at least 0.80 (so beta, Type II error rate, of 0.20 or less), and my control variables would explain about 0.25 of the variance. Using a program called PASS (Power Analysis for the Social Sciences), I was able to generate a table and a graph of target sample sizes for each R-squared from 0.05 to 0.50 ...

In the current study, a 20-year span of 80 issues of articles (N = 196) in Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly (APAQ) were examined. The authors sought to determine whether quantitative research published in APAQ, based on sample size, was underpowered, leading to the potential for false-positive results and findings that may not be reproducible. The median sample size, also known as the N-Pact Factor (NF), for all quantitative research published in APAQ was coded for correlational-type, quasi-experimental, and experimental research. The overall median sample size over the 20-year period examined was as follows: correlational type, NF = 112; quasi-experimental, NF = 40; and experimental, NF = 48. Four 5-year blocks were also analyzed to show historical trends. As the authors show, these results suggest that much of the quantitative research published in APAQ over the last 20 years was underpowered to detect small to moderate population effect sizes. ...

This article presents advances in optimal experiment design, which are intended to improve the parameter identiï¬ cation of nonlinear state space models. Instead of using a sequence of samples from one or just a few coherent sequences, the idea of identifying nonlinear dynamic models at distinct points in the state space is considered. In this way, the placement of the experiment points is fully flexible with respect to the set of reachable points. Also, a method for model-based generation of prediction errors is proposed, which is used to compute an a-priori estimate of the sample covariance of the prediction error. This covariance matrix may be used to approximate the Fisher information matrix a-priori. The availability of the Fisher matrix a-priori is a prerequisite for experiment optimization with respect to covariance in the parameter estimates. This work is driven by the problem of parameter identiï¬ - cation of hydraulic models. There are methods for hydraulic systems regarding ...

The sparse grid-based experiment design algorithm sequentially selects an experimental design point to discriminate between hypotheses for given experiment

In the current study, a 20-year span of 80 issues of articles (N = 196) in Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly (APAQ) were examined. The authors sought to determine whether quantitative research published in APAQ, based on sample size, was underpowered, leading to the potential for false-positive results and findings that may not be reproducible. The median sample size, also known as the N-Pact Factor (NF), for all quantitative research published in APAQ was coded for correlational-type, quasi-experimental, and experimental research. The overall median sample size over the 20-year period examined was as follows: correlational type, NF = 112; quasi-experimental, NF = 40; and experimental, NF = 48. Four 5-year blocks were also analyzed to show historical trends. As the authors show, these results suggest that much of the quantitative research published in APAQ over the last 20 years was underpowered to detect small to moderate population effect sizes. ...

Remarks books were documents kept on board British naval vessels from the mid 18th century and into the 20th century. They were an addition to the officers logbook or the ships logbook and intended to record hydrographic information, that would then be used by the Admiralty Hydrographic Department to create and update charts. By the early 19th century, some officers were recording meterological and oceanographic observations in the remarks book, and by the 1860s this became an almost universal practice. In 2008, a research team examined the c.6K remark books held at the UK Hydrographic Office covering the years 1800 to 1910, and made an inventory of those containing instrumental meteorological observations. This current project will now image and catalogue those remark books.. ...

Listings in Marketing Communications, Data Collection/Processing, Quantitative Research, Event/Experiential Marketing Consultants, Education/Career Tr...

Listings in Marketing Communications, Data Collection/Processing, Quantitative Research, Event/Experiential Marketing Consultants, Education/Career Tr...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Qualitative research methodology in program as assessment. T2 - A longitudinal case study. AU - Klein, Charles H.. AU - Lawver, David. AU - Ulmer, John. AU - Meyers, Courtney. AU - Laverie, Debbie. PY - 2013/6. Y1 - 2013/6. KW - Assessment. KW - Case study. KW - Qualitative methodology. KW - Service-learning. KW - Study abroad. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84883784062&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. AN - SCOPUS:84883784062. VL - 20. SP - 210. EP - 212. JO - Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education. JF - Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education. SN - 1077-0755. IS - 2. ER - ...

The involvement of the right and left hemispheres in mediating language functions has been measured in a variety of ways over the centuries since the relative dominance of the left hemisphere was first known. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) presents a useful non-invasive method of assessing lateralisation that is being increasingly used in clinical practice and research. However, the methods used in the fMRI laterality literature currently are highly variable, making systematic comparisons across studies difficult. Here we consider the different methods of quantifying and classifying laterality that have been used in fMRI studies since 2000, with the aim of determining which give the most robust and reliable measurement. Recommendations are made with a view to informing future research to increase standardisation in fMRI laterality protocols. In particular, the findings reinforce the importance of threshold-independent methods for calculating laterality indices, and the benefits of

Video created by University of California, Davis for the course Quantitative Research. In this module, you will be able to identify the business objectives and assess the suitability for quantitative research. You will be able to build on ...

This study describes the implementation of minimal sufficient balance randomization, a covariate adaptive randomization strategy, in the ESCAPE trial. Our results demonstrate that overall group balance was achieved in dynamically allocating subjects to treatment arms in the ESCAPE trial both at the time of the interim analysis and at the time that the trial was stopped. This suggests that this covariate adaptive randomization strategy can assist data and safety monitoring boards to make reliable decisions about futility or efficacy in a randomized controlled trial.. Similar to all adaptive trial design approaches, the integrity of this approach relies upon the immediate availability and accuracy of data used, and, in this case, data on the covariates used to implement the randomized minimization approach. Because of the nature of stroke treatment, fast treatment decisions are necessarily taken without certainty on all preclinical data. For example, a patients age might be determined just upon ...

Thus, for certain disease states there is a shift away from designating a single endpoint as the primary outcome of a clinical trial. When the disease condition can be represented by multiple endpoints, allowing conclusions to be dictated by a significance test on one of these alone is inadequate. This dilemma is more acute when the statistical power endowed by endpoints is inversely proportional to their importance. For example, in heart failure trials, the clinical outcomes with low incidence (such as mortality) yield impractical sample sizes, yet a sensitive biomarker which provides sufficient power remains a surrogate outcome. Therefore, combining endpoints to form a univariate outcome that measures total benefit has been the trend. Potentially, this composite endpoint offers reasonable statistical power while tracking the treatment response across a constellation of symptoms and obviating the normal issues that arise from multiple testing i.e. an inflated alpha. ...

Using sensitivity of the CTE to calculate sample size, the planned sample size for this study is 163 subjects. The study will be powered at 80% to demonstrate that the lower radiation CTE (ASIR and MBIR) is non-inferior (type I error rate of 2.5%, one sided) to the standard CTE. The sensitivity of the standard CTE is assumed to be 0.77 based on a pooled estimate [7]. 0.1 is chosen as the non-inferiority margin. The correlation between the two procedures is considered in the sample size calculation. We assume that the prevalence of Crohns Disease is 80% among the target population.. Using the nQuery statistical program, with the assumption that the proportion of discordant examinations is 0.15(or the conditional probability of positive finding in standard CTE is 0.90 if given a positive finding on the ASIR or MBIR CTE), the sample size needed to detect no more than 0.1 difference in sensitivity of the two procedures for patients with disease is 118, with a 80% power and a type I error of 0.025, ...

BACKGROUND: Improving upper limb (UL) motor recovery after stroke represents a major clinical and scientific goal. We aim to complete three systematic

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The aim is to to investigate photo-supported conversations about well-being by the intervention Be WellTM in addition to care as usual within primary care, compared to a control group, for patients with stress-related diagnosis. The intention is to examine the outcomes measures regarding exhaustion, balance of activities in everyday life, client satisfaction, depression and anxiety quality of life, sense of coherence and work ability. The study has been approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board.. The project has a quasi-experimental design using mixed methods. A total of 50 patients (25 to the intervention group and 25 to the control group) will be included. Inclusion criteria are patients with stress-related disorder in primary care, aged 20-67 years, who are on sick leave or risk being on sick leave. Exclusion criteria are severe somatic disorders, neuropsychiatric diagnosis, psychosis and language or cognitive problems that implies difficulties to answer questionnaires.. After informed ...

Review the latest Complementary Therapies research at Sutter Healths world-class research institutes. See current studies, clinical trials, publications and more.

|i|Systematic Reviews|/i| encompasses all aspects of the design, conduct and reporting of systematic reviews. The journal publishes high quality systematic review products including systematic review protocols, systematic reviews related to a very broad definition of health, rapid reviews, updates of already completed systematic reviews, and methods research related to the science of systematic reviews, such as decision modeling. The journal is indexed in DOAJ, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, PubMed Central and Scopus.

|i|Systematic Reviews|/i| encompasses all aspects of the design, conduct and reporting of systematic reviews. The journal publishes high quality systematic review products including systematic review protocols, systematic reviews related to a very broad definition of health, rapid reviews, updates of already completed systematic reviews, and methods research related to the science of systematic reviews, such as decision modeling. The journal is indexed in DOAJ, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, PubMed Central and Scopus.

Citation Machine™ helps students and professionals properly credit the information that they use. Cite your bible in Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology format for free.

Surveillance is recommended for various GI cancers, and substantial resources are invested. However, little is known about the effect of surveillance, neither for good, nor for bad. Most evidence stems from observational studies, but observational studies of surveillance can be subject to various bi …

The CURIA app aims to create a new world of possibilities for patient participation and research. At its core it is designed to provide patients with vital information to help them manage their disease and make the important decisions about their treatment journey. Patients also have access to services such as a second opinion, the ability to be matched with the most similar patient in the app to share experiences, and other in-app offerings.. Now comes the crux of how this patient ecosystem can revolutionise cancer research. Researchers can submit studies, surveys or questionnaires to the app, in which patients can choose to participate. Information collected may include blood reports, pathology reports, doctors letter, or researchers may be looking to ask more qualitative questions - for example, regarding quality of life. The data patients share is licensed out to researchers securely over blockchain, meaning patients always remain in control. Furthermore, patients are rewarded for their ...