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The CPIP uniquely integrates complementary training experiences at the Psychiatry Department's Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families (VCCYF) and the Psychology Department's Behavior Therapy and Psychotherapy Center (BTPC). At the VCCYF, interns receive advanced training in the application of evidence-based interventions from the family perspective, directly addressing both child and parent emotional and behavioral strengths and difficulties. In the framework of the Vermont Family Based Approach, interns apply health promotion, prevention, and intervention to help the well families remain well, prevent at-risk children from developing emotional and behavioral problems, and intervene comprehensively with children and families challenged by psychopathology. At the VCCYF, interns collaborate with professionals in psychiatry, psychology, social work, nursing, and genetics. At the BTPC, interns receive advanced training in culturally competent, evidence-based treatment of torture survivors ...

Welcome to Your Pediatric Psychologist. As a committed and expert in pediatric psychology, my mission is to help children with medical conditions and their families succeed and restore normality by elevating psychological care beyond the expected

Local resource for applied behavior analysis therapists in Glendale. Includes detailed information on local businesses that provide access to applied behavior analysis therapy, applied behavior analysis clinics, applied behavior analysis specialists, autism therapy, autism treatments, autism clinics, and applied behavior analysis support, as well as advice and content on autism support groups and autism societies.

The activity of lipoamide dehydorgenase (E.C.1.6.4.3) was measured in arterial homogenates from very young pigeons (5-8 weeks old) known to differ in their susceptibility to atherosclerosis. The activity of the arterial enzyme was significantly lower in the atherosclerosis-susceptible White Carneau pigeons than it was in the atherosclerosis-resistant Show Racer pigeons. Lipoamide dehydrogenase is a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate multienzyme complexes. The first complex catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate via acetyl-CoA, and this reaction represents a crucial link between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. The second complex is essential for the oxidative breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids via the Krebs cycle. Reduced activity of these complexes, resulting from low activity of lipoamide dehydrogenase, favors reduction of pyruvate to lactate and a shift to glycolysis. This situation is in accord with other results obtained in avian and ...

Homing pigeon is a variety of domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) derived from the rock pigeon, selectively bred to find its way home over extremely long distances (up to 1,800 km). The wild rock pigeon has an innate homing ability, meaning that it will generally return to its nest and mate. Their average flying speed over moderate distances is around 80 km/h (50 miles per hour) but speeds of up to 140 km/h (90 miles per hour) have been observed in top racers for short distances. Homing pigeons are called messenger or carrier pigeons when they are used to carry messages. Pigeons can find their way back from distant places they have never visited before. Most researchers believe that homing ability is based on a "map and compass" model, with the compass feature allowing birds to orient and the map feature allowing birds to determine their location relative to a goal site (home loft). While the compass mechanism appears to rely on the sun, some researchers believe that the map mechanism ...

In a recent theoretical account of persecutory delusions, it is suggested that anxiety and worry are important factors in paranoid experience [Freeman, D., Garety, P. A., Kuipers, E., Fowler, D., & Bebbington, P. E. (2002). A cognitive model of persecutory delusions. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41(4), 331-347]. In emotional disorders worry has been understood in terms of catastrophising. In the current study, the concept of catastrophising is applied for the first time with persecutory delusions. Thirty individuals with current persecutory delusions and 30 non-clinical controls participated in a cross-sectional study. The group with persecutory delusions was also followed up at 3 months to assess predictors of delusion persistence. At its most severe, 21% of individuals with persecutory delusions had clinical worry, 68% had levels of worry comparable with treatment seeking GAD patients. Further, high levels of anxiety, worry and catastrophising were associated with high levels of persecutory

TY - JOUR. T1 - Assessing women's sexual arousal in the context of sexual assault history and acute alcohol intoxication. AU - Gilmore, Amanda K.. AU - Schacht, Rebecca L.. AU - George, William H.. AU - Otto, Jacqueline M.. AU - Davis, Kelly Cue. AU - Heiman, Julia R.. AU - Norris, Jeanette. AU - Kajumulo, Kelly F.. N1 - Funding Information: This article was completed by the first author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master's in Science in clinical psychology under the supervision of Dr. George. This research was funded through a grant from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA13565) to Dr. George. Thanks to Dr. Lori Zoellner for her helpful comments. Portions of this manuscript were presented in November 2009 at the annual meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. PY - 2010/6. Y1 - 2010/6. N2 - Introduction.: Few studies have examined differences in women's sexual arousal based on sexual assault history ...

Remember • Operant conditioning extinction differs from classical conditioning extinction • Responds decreases to near zero for both • Operant conditioning: - Transient increase - Extinction induced aggression Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect: PREE • Extinction occurs at different rates depending on the schedule: - Continuous reinforcement: FAST extinction - Partial reinforcement schedules: SLOWER extinction - Variable schedules show slower extinction than fixed (rate or time) schedules. • PREE used to describe greater persistence in instrumental responding during extinction after partial (or intermittent) reinforcement training - Faster extinction after continuous reinforcement training. • Partial reinforcement schedules show RESISTANCE TO EXTINCTION Other Extinction Effects • magnitude reinforcement extinction effect - Less persistence of instrumental behavior in extinction following training with a large reinforcer - More persistance of responding with a small or moderate ...

This would be made widespread when more becomes concerned with hythloday's educational psychology research paper to the paragraph, and the environment that he would like hythloday to read it over and correct any insights that appear in the sex. Awards can be played even especially as 20 cultures a educational psychology research paper.

CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): We propose a reconfigurable fault-tolerant deflection routing algorithm (FTDR) based on reinforcement learning for NoC. The algorithm reconfigures the routing table through a kind of reinforcement learning-Q-learning using 2-hop fault information. It is topology-agnostic and insensitive to the shape of the fault region. In order to reduce the routing table size, we also propose a hierarchical Q-learning based deflection routing algorithm (FTDR-H) with area reduction up to 27 % for a switch in an 8 × 8 mesh compared to the original FTDR. Experimental results show that in the presence of faults, FTDR and FTDR-H are better than other fault-tolerant deflection routing algorithms and a turn model based fault-tolerant routing algorithm.

About the Author:. Dr. David Stein is a pediatric psychologist specializing in neuropsychological testing, assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders, and behavioral and cognitive behavioral therapy. Dr. Stein is the founder of New England Neurodevelopment, LLC, in Concord, MA. He was on the faculty of Boston Children's Hospital and an Instructor at Harvard Medical School from 2010 to 2016. Dr. Stein has spoken nationally and internationally regarding neurodevelopment and related disorders. He is the author of several scholarly articles, chapters, and this book.. Dr. Stein is a graduate of Tufts University and William James College. He completed his APA Internship in Child Psychology at Harvard Medical School/The Cambridge Hospital and his post-doctoral fellowship in Pediatric Psychology at Boston Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School.. ...

CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): This paper surveys the field of reinforcement learning from a computer-science perspective. It is written to be accessible to researchers familiar with machine learning. Both the historical basis of the field and a broad selection of current work are summarized. Reinforcement learning is the problem faced by an agent that learns behavior through trial-and-error interactions with a dynamic environment. The work described here has a resemblance to work in psychology, but differs considerably in the details and in the use of the word 'reinforcement.' The paper discusses central issues of reinforcement learning, including trading off exploration and exploitation, establishing the foundations of the field via Markov decision theory, learning from delayed reinforcement, constructing empirical models to accelerate learning, making use of generalization and hierarchy, and coping with hidden state. It concludes with a survey of some

Through the Loyola Clinical Centers (LCC), psychology students in the master's and doctoral program are able to hone their skills while providing services to those who couldn't typically afford it.

The present study examined in 8-hour sessions the effects of d-amphetamine (1.0, 5.6, and 10 mg/kg) on the acquisition of lever-press responding by rats exposed to procedures in which water delivery was delayed by 0, 8, or 16 seconds relative to the response that produced it. Although neither shaping nor autoshaping occurred, substantial levels of operative-lever responding developed whenever responses produced water. Rats that did not receive water and yoked-control rats that received response-independent water emitted relatively few responses. The lowest dose (1.0 mg/kg) of d-amphetamine either had no effect on or enhanced rates of operative-lever pressing, whereas higher doses typically produced an initial reduction in lever pressing. Nonetheless, overall rates of operative-lever pressing at these doses were as high as, or higher than, those observed with vehicle. Thus, response acquisition was observed under all reinforcement procedures at all drug doses. In the absence of drug, stimulus control of

TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of opioid agonists selective for mu, kappa and delta opioid receptors on schedule-controlled responding in rhesus monkeys. T2 - Antagonism by quadazocine. AU - Negus, S. S.. AU - Burke, T. F.. AU - Medzihradsky, F.. AU - Woods, J. H.. PY - 1993. Y1 - 1993. N2 - Rhesus monkeys were trained to respond under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule of food reinforcement. The mu opioid agonists alfentanil and fentanyl, the kappa opioid agonists ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) and U69,593, the delta opioid agonist BW373U86 {(±)-4-((R*)-a-((2S*5R*)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1- piperazinal)-3-hydroxy-benzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide dihydrochloride} and the nonopioid, noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist ketamine all produced a dose-dependent decrease in rates of responding. Quadazocine (0.1- 10 mg/kg) antagonized the rate-decreasing effects of all the opioid agonists, but not of ketamine. The in vivo apparent pA2 values (95% CL) for quadazocine in combination with each agonist were: alfentanil, ...

The International Student Support Program (ISSP) has been put together by the UQ School of Psychology to assist our international students with settling into university in Australia - academically, culturally and socially.. All of our international psychology students are invited to take advantage of the different sessions and activities on offer so that they can get the best out of their studies at UQ.. By participating in this program, students will meet and get to know other students (both Australian and international from a range of different countries), as well as academic and professional staff, the Psychology Students' Association (PSA) and the Psychology Student Support Tutors (PSST). The sessions are an opportunity to make life-long friends, and to quickly learn the important differences between studying in Australia and another country. All the sessions in the program are designed to set our international students up for success in their studies and beyond ...

The professional practice of behavior analysis is one domain of behavior analysis: the others being radical behaviorism, experimental analysis of behavior and applied behavior analysis. The professional practice of behavior analysis is the delivery of interventions to consumers that are guided by the principles of behaviorism and the research of both the experimental analysis of behavior and applied behavior analysis. Professional practice seeks maximum precision to change behavior most effectively in specific instances. Behavior analysts are mental health professionals and, in some states, may hold a license, certificate or registration as a behavior analyst. In other states, there are no laws governing their practice and, as such, the practice may be prohibited as falling under the practice definition of other mental health professionals. This is rapidly changing as Behavior Analysts are becoming more and more common. The professional practice of behavior analysis is a hybrid discipline with ...

Patients at the NJ Craniofacial Center of Morristown benefit from the multidisciplinary expertise of surgical and medical pediatric specialists who share a commitment to using new technology and medical advances for patients and education and support for their families. We offer specialized programs in patients with moderate to severe craniofacial disorders and also mild craniofacial disorders, plagiocephaly and/ or torticollis.. At our Comprehensive Team Meeting, all members of the craniofacial team meet to evaluate a child with moderate to severe craniofacial disorders. We are proud to have a Pediatric Psychologist as part of our team. The craniofacial team's psychologist will assess your child's development and will offer support and treatment to both you and your child. As your child ages, craniofacial disorders will have a varying impact on his or her life as well as the life of your family. For younger children, our psychologist will assess your child's developmental level, refer you for ...

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NEW YORK - Children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety or tic disorders are being treated in a new specialized outpatient clinic at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center - one of the only programs of its kind in the New York metro area.. In addition to a clinic in Manhattan, the Pediatric OCD, Anxiety and Tic Disorders (POCAT) program will offer a unique, day camp-style intensive summer treatment program situated in White Plains, N.Y., at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Westchester Division. The POCAT program is co-led by pediatric psychologist Dr. Shannon M. Bennett and psychiatrist Dr. Justin Mohatt.. "Anxiety is a normal part of growing up, but when it interferes with school, friendships or family life, we recommend parents seek treatment for their child. If a family is going to extreme measures to accommodate their child's anxiety, or if their child has a problem with involuntary movements or vocalizations, we can offer help," says Dr. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Once is too much. T2 - Conditioned aversion develops immediately and predicts future cocaine self-administration behavior in rats. AU - Colechio, Elizabeth M.. AU - Imperio, Caesar G.. AU - Grigson, Patricia S.. PY - 2014/4/1. Y1 - 2014/4/1. N2 - Rats emit aversive taste reactivity (TR) behavior (i.e., gapes) following intraoral delivery of a cocainepaired taste cue and greater conditioned aversive TR at the end of training predicts greater drug-seeking and taking. Here, we examined the development of this conditioned aversive TR behavior on a trial-by-trial basis in an effort to determine when the change in behavior occurs and whether early changes in this behavior can be used to predict later drug taking. The results show that conditioned aversive TR to a cocaine-paired cue occurs very early in training (i.e., following as few as 1-2 taste-drug pairings) and, importantly, that it can be used to predict later drug seeking and drug taking in rats.. AB - Rats emit aversive taste ...

Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) Tier System: As the leader in Applied Behavior Analysis … to $54.00 per hour Experience: Applied Behavior Analysis: 2 years (Required) Education: Bachelor's (Required) License: Board Certified Behavior Analyst or BCaBA…. 741 Applied Behavior Analysis jobs available in Texas on Indeed.com. 670 Behavior Analyst Salaries in Texas provided anonymously by employees. How Can I Protect my Child with Autism from Bullying? Wages above this are outliers. Salary information comes from 2,903 data points collected directly from employees, users, and past and present job … Initial Selection Criteria: - Graduation from an accredited college or university with a bachelor's degree in psychology, social work, counseling, education, or applied behavior analysis, or a related discipline. The average Registered Behavior Technician-Applied Behavior Analysis salary in Texas is $35,831 as of December 28, 2020, but the range typically falls between $31,944 and $40,820. ...

Hiatal hernias are repaired laparoscopically with increasing use of reinforcement material. Both synthetic and biologically derived materials reduce the recurrence rate compared to primary crural repair. Synthetic mesh introduces complications, such as mesh erosion, fibrosis, and infection. Urinary bladder matrix (UBM) represents a biologically derived material for use in hiatal hernia repair reinforcement with the potential to improve durability of repair without incurring the risks of other reinforcement materials. Methods: The 15 cases presented involved hiatal hernia repair with primary crural repair with UBM reinforcement and fundoplication. Patients were followed for an average of 3 years, and were assessed with upper gastrointestinal (GI) series, endoscopy, and assessments of subjective symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Results: Hernia diameters averaged 6 cm. Each repair was successful and completed laparoscopically. UBM exhibited favorable handling characteristics when ...

This 6-day modular programme will be of interest to practitioners from coaching, coaching psychology, HR, management and allied fields interested in learning more about Positive Psychology and Positive Psychology Coaching. The programme introduces the theory, research and practice of positive psychology coaching with a particular focus on facilitating positive transitions and developing resilience. Positive psychology models of PERMA, RAW and INSIGHT will be covered.. It is recommended that Learners who have no prior experience of coaching initially attend the 5-day TILM approved Coaching Development Programme.. CONTENTS ...

The Global Acetabular Reinforcements Market Research Report 2020 mainly revolves around the global Acetabular Reinforcements industry size, share, trends, and sales volume, and product demand as these have been considered as the most significant factors in the industry. These factors lead to influence, revenue generation, and economic structure on the regional and global levels. Thus, the report aims to formulate a proficient forecast analysis for these and other influential Acetabular Reinforcements market elements.. The central aim of this Market Research Store report is to present updates and information linked to the Acetabular Reinforcements market in addition to perceive all the avenues for Acetabular Reinforcements market expansion. The report, to begin with, comprises a market summary and offers a definition and synopsis of the Acetabular Reinforcements market. The synopsis section includes Acetabular Reinforcements market dynamics including opportunities, market trends, drivers, and ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Self-administration of cocaine increases the release of acetylcholine to a greater extent than response-independent cocaine in the nucleus accumbens of rats. AU - Mark, Gregory. AU - Hajnal, Andras. AU - Kinney, Anthony E.. AU - Keys, Alan S.. PY - 1999. Y1 - 1999. N2 - Rationale: The neurochemical effects of psychostimulant exposure may depend on how these drugs are encountered. A useful method for examining this issue is to compare neurotransmitter release following response-dependent, or self-administered, drug exposure and response-independent exposure. Objectives: This experiment examined the effect of active and passive cocaine administration on acetylcholine (ACh) efflux in the shell region of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in rats. Methods: One group of rats (CSA: cocaine self-administration) was trained to lever-press for intravenous infusions of cocaine (0.42 mg/kg per infusion) on a fixed-ratio-1 schedule of reinforcement. Cocaine infusions were accompanied by the onset ...

Another type of doctoral program is the doctor of psychology (PsyD) program. Students in PsyD programs will learn the tenets of how to create, conduct and analyze data. They will learn to become informed and skilled consumers of modern findings, but there is a much lighter focus on the detailed ways in which to conduct research. These programs are geared towards students who plan to work directly with clients, rather than teach or do research.. Research is a major part of the curriculum for most graduate level psychology degree programs. At the master's level students receive formal training so they can better understand the scientific method and how to apply it to psychological research. At the doctoral level there is a divide in how much emphasis is placed on conducting research. While both types of programs teach students about the how and why, the PhD program will more strongly highlight the mechanics of how psychological research is conducted. PsyD programs will give more of an overview so ...

The School of Psychology at Bangor brings together a large group of outstanding scientists with international research reputations in clinical psychology, neuropsychology and clinical and cognitive neuroscience. A number of staff also hold appointments as consultant psychologists or medical consultants with the NHS and contribute to clinical practice as well as to the training of clinical psychologists, medical students and NHS staff. The School runs its own clinical psychology training programme, leading to the Doctorate in Clinical Psychology.. Key research strengths within the clinical psychology domain include dementia, neuropsychology and rehabilitation, learning disability, developmental disorders, addictions, and cognitive-behavioural approaches. Close links with other departments and with NHS services produce tremendous opportunities for collaborative clinical psychology research. The School supports the practical implementation of research findings to improve patient care with close ...

Dr. Derek Reed is a Licensed Behavior Analyst in the State of Kansas and an Associate Professor in the Department of Applied Behavioral Science at the University of Kansas where he directs the Applied Behavioral Economics Laboratory. Derek received his Bachelor's degree in Psychology from Illinois State University and his Masters and Ph.D. in School Psychology from Syracuse University. He has served as Associate Editor for Behavior Analysis in Practice and The Psychological Record, and guest Associate Editor for The Behavior Analyst, Journal of Behavioral Education, and Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. He serves as a reviewer on the editorial boards of The Behavior Analyst, Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, and Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Derek has published over 90 peer reviewed papers and book chapters, coauthored three edited books, and was the 2016 recipient of the American Psychological Association Division 25 B. F. Skinner Foundation New Applied Researcher ...

A. All the time, and a lot of them get relief from it. The one I send them to most often happens to be a doctor who got into acupuncture later. There's a large Asian population in the Berkeley area, so there are many acupuncturists to choose from. But the results are variable. Some people get really good results from acupuncture or acupressure, and others find it's a waste of time. So it's something to have in your therapeutic armamentarium. Particularly if nothing else is working, give it a try!. Q. What about the "psychosocial factors" involved in low back pain?. A. That's a tough one, because as soon as doctors say "psychosocial factors," patients wonder, "do you think this is all in my head, doc?" But it is nonetheless true that pain and psychosocial factors are hard to uncouple. For example, I see a lot of patients who have repetitive strain injuries, and any time you have a chronic injury, there's the possibility that it will be linked with either depression or stress. And what caused what ...

The self-administration of cocaine was compared with that of bupropion, 1-(2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine, mazindol, methylphenidate and nomifensine, drugs that displace [3H]cocaine from its binding sites and have monoamine uptake inhibiting effects in common with those of cocaine. Squirrel monkeys responded under a second-order fixed-interval schedule of consequent i.v. drug injection, and dose-effect curves were established by determining stable rates of responding maintained by saline and a range of doses of each drug. Cocaine (0.01-0.56 mg/kg/injection), bupropion (0.1-3.0 mg/kg/injection), 1-(2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl)-4-(3- phenylpropyl)piperazine-(0.03-1.0 mg/kg/injection), methylphenidate (0.01-0.3 mg/kg/injection) and nomifensine (0.01-0.3 mg/kg) maintained comparable rates and patterns of responding in all subjects, whereas mazindol (0.03-0.3 mg/kg) maintained self-administration behavior in only half the monkeys studied. The present results ...

Three experiments compared various ways of examining food preferences in the common brushtail possum (Trischosurus vulpecula). The first experiment compared the preferences obtained between four foods using paired-stimulus (PS) and multiple-stimulus without-replacement (MSWO) assessments. The ranked orders identified by the two methods produced similar orders in individual possums, but were idiosyncratic across possums. Following this, Experiment 2 involved a progressive-ratio (PR) reinforcer assessment with all four foods used in the preference assessments of Experiment 1. For each possum, each of the four foods functioned as reinforcers when presented in a single-schedule arrangement, including those foods identified as less preferred. Experiment 3 used concurrent-schedules, with a PR schedule on one alternative and fixed-ratio (FR) on the other. It was found that higher break points and response rates, as well as flatter demand functions were found for the same food in both Experiment 2 and ...

Thomas Swales, PhD, ABPP, has been elected president of the Ohio Psychological Association (OPA).. Dr. Swales specializes in independent psychological, neuropsychological and forensic evaluations. He received his PhD in clinical psychology in the health psychology/pediatric psychology track from the University of Miami. He completed an internship in clinical psychology at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and fellowship in clinical neuropsychology at the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute. He is board certified in clinical neuropsychology by the American Board of Professional Psychology. For more than 20 years, Dr. Swales has provided psychological and neuropsychological consultations to patients with a wide variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders. He has a wealth of clinical experience with both children and adults. He has also served extensively as an expert witness and consultant. Dr. Swales also has extensive academic experience in education and training, research and ...

Shoulder pain is a common secondary condition in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) that often results in loss of function and of independence and imposes limitations on self-care, work, and leisure activities, and leads to decreased quality of life. More than 40% of individuals with SCI report shoulder pain at the beginning of inpatient rehabilitation; this number increases to 50% at hospital discharge. The onset of shoulder pain within the first year after injury may lead to lifelong chronic shoulder pain. Although information is known about shoulder pain in patients with long-term SCI, little is known about the beginning of shoulder problems and how they progress early after the injury. In addition to physical problems, psychosocial factors are also associated with chronic pain.. This study will investigate the progression of musculoskeletal (shoulder muscle flexibility, muscle strength, movement coordination, and rotator cuff health) and psychosocial (fear of movement, pain ...

2015) Learning ecology: YouTubing and content creation. In: Unlocking borders in education: proceedings of the 3rd Pre-University Conference, 6 September 2014, Bandar Sunway. Proceedings of the Sunway Academic Conference (2014). Sunway College Kuala Lumpur, Bandar Sunway, pp. 5-8. ISBN 978-967-13697-0-8 Soo, Shen Hin and Tan, Madeline Tanamal Ka Yen and Ho, Ju Yi and Low, Wen Ling and Maryam Muhammad Yahya, and Ho, Jessica Sze Yin * ...

The striosome compartment within the dorsal striatum has been implicated in reinforcement learning and regulation of motivation, but how striosomal neurons contribute to these functions remains elusive. Here, we show that a genetically identified striosomal population, which expresses the Teashirt family zinc finger 1 (Tshz1) and belongs to the direct pathway, drives negative reinforcement and is essential for aversive learning in mice. Contrasting a "conventional" striosomal direct pathway, the Tshz1 neurons cause aversion, movement suppression, and negative reinforcement once activated, and they receive a distinct set of synaptic inputs. These neurons are predominantly excited by punishment rather than reward and represent the anticipation of punishment or the motivation for avoidance. Furthermore, inhibiting these neurons impairs punishment-based learning without affecting reward learning or movement. These results establish a major role of striosomal neurons in behaviors reinforced by ...

Victoria Clarke is a senior lecturer in social psychology at the University of the West of England, Bristol, UK. She has published a number of papers on lesbian and gay parenting, same-sex relationships, the history of LGBTQ psychologies, and qualitative methods in journals such as Sexualities, British Journal of Social Psychology, Qualitative Research in Psychology and Lesbian & Gay Psychology Review. She has edited (with Sara-Jane Finlay and Sue Wilkinson) two special issues of Feminism & Psychology on marriage, and edited (with Elizabeth Peel) special issues of Feminism & Psychology, Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy, Lesbian & Gay Psychology Review and Psychology of Women Section Review on LGBTQ psychologies. She is also the editor with Elizabeth Peel and Jack Drescher of British LGB Psychologies: Theory, research and practice (Haworth Press, 2007). She is a member of the British Psychological Society's Lesbian & Gay Psychology Section and Qualitative Methods in Psychology Section. She ...

Research examining food selectivity supports the use of various reinforcement procedures combined with extinction to increase the consumption of non-preferred foods. A multiple baseline across participants design was used to evaluate an intervention consisting of a token economy and escape extinction to increase consumption of non-preferred foods for three students with autism who demonstrated food selectivity. This multi-component intervention examined the effects of back-up reinforcers as an alternative to contingent escape from meals. Specifically, the number of bites taken and the frequency of challenging behavior were measured. During the intervention phase, participants were reinforced with tokens for taking a bite of non-preferred foods and for the absence of challenging behavior. All participants increased in the number of bites taken of non-preferred foods while challenging behavior decreased during the intervention phase and following maintenance probes. The study provides evidence that a

I attended a very good lecture last week on contemporary views of countertransference. It inspired me to write a brief overview of the concept here, with more to follow.. To understand countertransference, it helps to tackle transference first. Transference was a word coined by Sigmund Freud to label the way patients "transfer" feelings from important persons in their early lives, onto the psychoanalyst or therapist. Psychoanalysis was specifically designed to encourage transference. Intentional opacity and non-disclosure by the therapist promotes transference; the patient naturally makes assumptions about the therapist's likes and dislikes, attitude toward the patient, life outside the office, and so forth. These assumptions are based on the patient's experiences with, and assumptions regarding, other important relationships, such as childhood relations with parents. In this way the patient's formative dynamics are re-created in the therapy office for both participants to observe. Patients ...

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Introduction. Behaviourism originated with the work of John B. Watson from 1913. Behaviourism is based on the following sets of claims: (1) Psychology is the study of behaviour. Psychology is not the science of mind. This statement also forms a type of behaviourism: 'Methodological' behaviourism claims that psychology should concern itself with the behaviour of organisms (human and non-human). Psychology should not concern itself with mental states or events or with constructing internal information processing accounts of behaviour. In its historical foundations, methodological behaviourism shares with analytical behaviourism the influence of positivism. One of the goals of positivism was to unify psychology with natural science. Methodological behaviourism is a dominant theme in the writings of John Watson. John Broadus Watson was one of the most prominent psychologist scientists of his era, writing on applied psychology for academic journals, business publications, and popular magazines and is ...

Expert: Dr. Brian Iwata received his Ph.D. in psychology from Florida State University and subsequently held positions at Western Michigan University and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He is Distinguished Professor in Psychology and Psychiatry at the University of Florida, where he also has directed the Florida Center on Self-Injury and the Prader-Willi Syndrome Program. Brian is the former chief editor of the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis and former president of the Association for Behavior Analysis, the Society for the Advancement of Behavior Analysis, the Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, Division 33 of the American Psychological Association, and the Florida Association for Behavior Analysis. His primary areas of interest are disorders of learning and behavior and research methodology. He has published over 240 articles and chapters on these topics, and he has received $7 million in research grants to support that work. Much of Dr. Iwata's research ...

The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test: A Portuguese version of the adults' test. O Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test: Uma versão portuguesa do teste para adultos. José Pestana*1, Sofia Menéres*2, Maria João Gouveia2, Rui Filipe Oliveira3. 1ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal. 2ISPA - Instituto Universitário, APPsyCI-Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, Lisboa, Portugal. 3Departamento de Biociências, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal / Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Lisboa, Portugal / Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Neurosciences, Lisboa, Portugal. Correspondência. ABSTRACT. The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) is a Theory of Mind task that assesses the ability to understand others' mental states in both healthy and clinical populations. The goal of the present study was to translate the revised version of the adults' RMET to the Portuguese (European) language, investigate item validity for this version and differences ...

Experimental psychology emerged as a modern academic discipline in the 19th century when Wilhelm Wundt introduced a mathematical and experimental approach to the field.Introduction to Experimental Psychology Consciousness (Chapter 3 in Myers) Consciousness as a process: The study of consciousness has a frustratingly long history in.Introduction to Educational Psychology What is Educational Psychology.Experimental psychology is an approach to psychology that treats it as one of the natural sciences, and therefore assumes that it is susceptible to the experimental.. The birth of experimental psychology as a discipline in its own right is often dated from the appearance of Wilhelm Wundt's great handbook, the Grundzüge der...Introduction to the basic topics of psychology, including learning, motivation, cognition, development, abnormal, physiological, social, and personality ...

Fig. 1 Prior alcohol use enhances persistence, motivation, and compulsivity for cocaine self-administration.. (A) Drug treatment paradigm to study alcohol and cocaine coadministration. Access to voluntary alcohol (10% alcohol, 2 hours per day) and voluntary cocaine (self-administration, 0.8 mg/kg per injection) was restricted to 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. and 11 a.m. to 2 p.m., respectively, to avoid metabolic interaction between the two drugs. (B) Alcohol self-administration. Animals in the alcohol-primed group began drinking alcohol on day 1 of the paradigm; animals in the alcohol-concurrent group began drinking on day 11. All groups start cocaine self-administration (0.8 mg/kg per infusion) on day 11. The average alcohol intake during the alcohol-priming period was 1 g/kg during the first 5 days, increasing to 1.2 g/kg during the second 5 days. Alcohol intake was similar in the alcohol-primed versus alcohol-concurrent groups from days 11 to 32 [two-way repeated-measures (RM) analysis of variance ...

The Department of Psychology at the University of the Free State (UFS) presented an international conference entitled: Teaching of Psychology in South Africa on the Main Campus in Bloemfontein. The conference aimed to stimulate dialogue and debate about Psychology teaching at higher education institutions in South Africa, particularly in the areas of teaching research and critical thinking. Attending the conference were, from the left: Ms Melanie Winter (student in the Department of Psychology at the UFS), Prof. Dap Louw (Departmental Chairperson in the Department of Psychology at the UFS), Prof. Dave Myers (Head of the Department of Psychology at the Hope College in Michigan, United States of America and co-ordinator of the conference), and Ms Melody Mentz (Junior Lecturer in the Department of Psychology at the UFS ...

Background: Researchers and practitioners have developed numerous online interventions that encourage people to reduce their drinking, increase their exercise, and better manage their weight. Motivations to develop eHealth interventions may be driven by the Internet’s reach, interactivity, cost-effectiveness, and studies that show online interventions work. However, when designing online interventions suitable for public campaigns, there are few evidence-based guidelines, taxonomies are difficult to apply, many studies lack impact data, and prior meta-analyses are not applicable to large-scale public campaigns targeting voluntary behavioral change. Objectives: This meta-analysis assessed online intervention design features in order to inform the development of online campaigns, such as those employed by social marketers, that seek to encourage voluntary health behavior change. A further objective was to increase understanding of the relationships between intervention adherence, study adherence,

Russ noted that African American and Native American communities have been especially hard-hit by menthol cigarettes.. On Friday, Courtney Clark, a public health and psychology student at the University of Minnesota Duluth, took part in an American Lung Association press conference designed to draw public attention to the issue.. In a statement, Clark said: "Menthol has been marketed to the African-American community for over 50 years, and as a result, nearly 90 percent of African-American smokers use menthol products. We can sit idly by and hope this malicious targeting by Big Tobacco ends, or we can take initiative to make sure that kids don't have easy access to these deadly products.". Russ said she shares the concern that minority populations have been subjected to targeted menthol cigarette marketing campaigns, but she stressed the proposed ordinance is not intended to be a paternalistic measure. Russ noted that both the Duluth Human Rights Commission and the Indigenous Commission have ...

Five male Long-Evans rats, maintained at 80% of their free-feeding weight, were trained to bar-press for food reward on a one-minute fixed-interval (FI1) schedule of reinforcement. Once stable FI1 baseline response rates were established, dose-response functions were generated for Chlordiazepoxide HC1 (CDZ). Subsequent treatments with CDZ were followed by 30 min. pulsed microwave radiation (MWR) and FI1 behavioral assessment. Pulsed MWR exposures were in the far zone of an anechoic chamber at an averaged incident power density of 1 mW/sq cm (PRF = 300/sec, 3 usec pulse width). After 2 replications of the combined treatments another CDZ dose-response function was generated. This was followed by 3 more CDZ and MWR replications the first of which was carried out at an averaged incident power density of 1 mW/ sq cm2 Increased rates of response for the CDZ and 1 mW/sq cm MWR treatment were demonstrated relative to initial CDZ dose-response functions in 4 of 5 rats tested. However, the dose-response functions