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Zebrafish have the capacity to regenerate several organs, including the heart and fins. Fin regeneration is epimorphic, involving the formation at the amputation plane of a mass of undifferentiated, proliferating mesenchymal progenitor-like cells, called blastema. This tissue provides all the cell types that form the fin, so that after damage or amputation the fin pattern and structure are fully restored. How blastema cells remain in this progenitor-like state is poorly understood. Here, we show that the Notch pathway plays an essential role during fin regeneration. Notch signalling is activated during blastema formation and remains active throughout the regeneration process. Chemical inhibition or morpholino-mediated knockdown of Notch signalling impairs fin regeneration via decreased proliferation accompanied by reduced expression of Notch target genes in the blastema. Conversely, overexpression of a constitutively active form of the Notch1 receptor (N1ICD) in the regenerating fin leads to ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Trophic effect of transferrin on amphibian limb regeneration blastemas. AU - Mescher, Anthony. AU - Munaim, S. I.. PY - 1984. Y1 - 1984. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0021280796&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0021280796&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. VL - 230. SP - 485. EP - 490. JO - Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Comparative Experimental Biology. JF - Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Comparative Experimental Biology. SN - 0022-104X. IS - 3. ER - ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Development of dentin regeneration therapy: expression of type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase induced by CTGF in human cultured dental pulp.. AU - Nishida, Takashi. PY - 2002. Y1 - 2002. M3 - Article. VL - 11. SP - 62. EP - 67. JO - J Hard Tissue Biology. JF - J Hard Tissue Biology. ER - ...

Flowers of the Orchidaceae family are highly variable in shape, color and smell, which make orchids the most important cut flowers in the market. Among the orchid varieties, Dendrobium hybrids have high regards in the cut flower industry. This study was aimed at establishing a plant regeneration system of Dendrobium Serdang Beauty and the characterization of colchicine-induced mutation by RAPD. The first part of the study was to develop a plantlet regeneration system for D. Serdang Beauty. Callus was induced from protocorm- like bodies (plbs), and cultured on media supplemented with different auxins of various concentrations for plantlet regeneration. Highest fresh weight in callus induction and proliferation was obtained on MS medium containing 1.5 mg/L IBA. Calli proliferated on medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L IBA were used as explants for plantlet regeneration. The highest percentage of plantlet regeneration was obtained in treatments with 1 mg/L KIN and 1.5 mg/L NAA (90%). In the ...

One of the most remarkable properties of plants is their capacity to regenerate tissue structures and even whole organs to replace those damaged or lost through injury. Plants are able to do this thanks to high-level dedifferentiation, a process whereby mature cells withdraw from their specialized state and acquire proliferation ability and pluripotency, enabling them to develop anew into different cell types. While the knowledge and use of techniques for plant organ regeneration has a long history in horticulture, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying dedifferentiation.. To clarify these mechanisms, the researchers studied a common type of cell dedifferentiation induced by wounding, where its role in tissue and organ regeneration is critical to survival. In plants, this regeneration frequently occurs through the creation of masses of cells known as callus, which grow over the wound to protect it. Using data from earlier research, the researchers identified a gene in the ...

Many growing tissues display regenerative capability which allows them to pay cell loss and preserve tissue homeostasis. the loss of life program and produces the so-called undead cells, amplifies the proliferative response. Pseudouridine synthase depletion also causes lack of apicobasal polarity, disruption of adherens cell junctions and ectopic induction of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and Mmp1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1) activity, resulting in a substantial epithelial reorganization. Unexpectedly, cell-nonautonomous results, such as for example epithelial mesenchymal changeover in the contiguous unsilenced squamous epithelium, will also be advertised. Collectively, these data explain that cellCcell conversation and long-range signaling may 51022-70-9 IC50 take a relevant part in the response to pseudouridine synthase decrease. Considering that all of the affected pathways are extremely conserved throughout development, it really is plausible that this response to pseudouridine synthase ...

To investigate whether the uniqueness of proximal and distal limb regenerates could be attributed simply to differing blastemal growth characteristics, their increase in volume, cell number and cell-cycle times were determined. With respect to these parameters proximal and distal blastemas were identical and, furthermore, no evidence could be found for the existence of separate growth zones such as an apical proliferation centre or a progress zone within the blastema. It was therefore concluded that level-specific properties of the blastemal cells play the major role in determining the structure of the regenerate, not their growth characteristics. The only discernible difference was in the cell number within the two types of blastema at the onset of cartilage redifferentiation- proximal regenerates had 60 % more cells. Thus it seems that the larger the pattern to be regenerated (the more proximal the amputation plane), the larger the primordium within which that pattern first appears. These two ...

Plants were regenerated from leaf tissue of greenhouse-grown seedlings of Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.). Shoot regeneration was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 5 to 10 μm of BA. Up to 55% of the leaf explants formed shoots with an average of 2.4 shoots per explant. Addition of 2.5 or 5 μm of IBA failed to enhance regeneration. Thidiazuron at 0.5 or 1.0 μm also induced shoot regeneration, but the shoots failed to elongate as well as shoots regenerated from media containing BA. Incubation in darkness for 7, 14, or 21 d had little effect in promoting shoot regeneration, except that incubation for 21 d increased shoot regeneration on the medium with 5.0 μm BA. Genotypes differed in shoot regeneration potential, with regeneration frequencies ranging from 13% to 55%. Regenerated shoots were micropropagated on Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut medium. Ninety percent of microcuttings rooted directly in potting soil. This regeneration system will be valuable for genetic transformation ...

Zebrafish heart regeneration depends upon cardiac cell proliferation, epicardium activation and transient reparative cells deposition. inner damage zone. Based on this research, we postulate how the TGF- signaling pathway induces and coordinates development of the transient collagenous network that comprises fibril-forming Collagen I and fiber-associated Collagen XII, both which donate to the 1561178-17-3 supplier reparative matrix from the regenerating zebrafish center. Intro The zebrafish 1561178-17-3 supplier center provides a important vertebrate model for learning cardiac advancement, regeneration and disease [1C3]. In adult pets, this vital body organ can totally regenerate within 1 to three 1561178-17-3 supplier months either after removal as high as 20% from the ventricle, after cardiomyocyte-specific hereditary ablation that triggers the increased loss of as much as 60% from the myocardium, or after cryoinjury-induced cardiac infarction of 20C25% from the ventricle [4C6]. Among all of ...

Many planaria genes resemble those of humans, and also many genes specifically linked to planarian stem cell biology and regeneration are conserved in humans. Understanding planarian regeneration therefore promises to yield important insights into human regeneration and stem cell biology, the researchers are convinced. The researchers looked for small RNAs in stem cells as well as in the whole planarian organism. They discovered 60 new microRNA genes and could demonstrate that ten microRNAs are specifically linked to stem cell biology and may therefore play a role in regeneration. A few of these microRNAs also exist in humans. Furthermore, the researchers discovered millions of piRNAs. This is a group of just recently discovered small RNA molecules which are important for the stability of the genome. The researchers could demonstrate that piRNAs are highly represented in the planarian stem cells and likely function in a similar way as in mammals. ...

Following amputation, urodele salamander limbs reprogram somatic cells to form a blastema that self-organizes into the missing limb parts to restore the structure and function of the limb. To help understand the molecular basis of blastema formation, we used quantitative label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based methods to analyze changes in the proteome that occurred 1, 4 and 7 days post amputation (dpa) through the mid-tibia/fibula of axolotl hind limbs. We identified 309 unique proteins with significant fold change relative to controls (0 dpa), representing 10 biological process categories: (1) signaling, (2) Ca2+ binding and translocation, (3) transcription, (4) translation, (5) cytoskeleton, (6) extracellular matrix (ECM), (7) metabolism, (8) cell protection, (9) degradation, and (10) cell cycle. In all, 43 proteins exhibited exceptionally high fold changes. Of these, the ecotropic viral integrative factor 5 (EVI5), a cell cycle-related oncoprotein that

We are using genetics to identify genes specifically involved in hearing regeneration. In a large-scale genetic screening, we identified mgat5a, a gene in the N-glycosylation biosynthesis pathway whose activity negatively impacts hair cell regeneration. We used a combination of mutant analysis in zebrafish and a hair cell regeneration assay to phenotype the loss of Mgat5a activity in zebrafish. We used pharmacological inhibition of N-glycosylation by swansonine. We also used over-expression analysis by mRNA injections to demonstrate how changes in N-glycosylation can alter cell signaling. We found that mgat5a was expressed in multiple tissues during zebrafish embryo development, particularly enriched in neural tissues including the brain, retina, and lateral line neuromasts. An mgat5a insertional mutation and a CRISPR/Cas9-generated truncation mutation both caused an enhancement of hair cell regeneration which could be phenocopied by pharmacological inhibition with swansonine. In addition to hair cell

Amputation of the axolotl forelimb results in the formation of a blastema, a transient tissue where progenitor cells accumulate prior to limb regeneration. However, the molecular understanding of blastema formation had previously been hampered by the inability to identify and isolate blastema precur …

Significant research efforts have been undertaken in the last decade in the development of stem cell-based therapies for cartilage repair. Among the various stem cell sources, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) demonstrate great promise and clinical efficacy in cartilage regeneration. With a deeper understanding of stem cell biology, new therapeutics and new bioengineering approaches have emerged and showed potential for further developments. Of note, there has been a paradigm shift in applying MSCs for tissue regeneration from the use of stem cells for transplantation to the use of stem cell-derived matrix and secretome components as therapeutic tools and agents for cartilage regeneration. In this review, we will discuss the emerging role of MSCs in cartilage regeneration and the most recent advances in development of stem cell-based therapeutics for cartilage regeneration. ...

Regenerative Properties of Central Monoamine Neurons Studies in the Adult Rat Using Cerebral Iris Implants as Targets - 9783540072997 By A. Bjarklund, U. Stenevi, N. A. Svendgaard: Buy its Paperback Edition at lowest price online for Rs 1963 at BuyHatke.com.

TY - JOUR. T1 - The Drosophila Duox maturation factor is a key component of a positive feedback loop that sustains regeneration signaling. AU - Khan, Sumbul Jawed. AU - Abidi, Syeda Nayab Fatima. AU - Skinner, Andrea. AU - Tian, Yuan. AU - Smith-Bolton, Rachel K.. PY - 2017/7. Y1 - 2017/7. N2 - Regenerating tissue must initiate the signaling that drives regenerative growth, and sustain that signaling long enough for regeneration to complete. How these key signals are sustained is unclear. To gain a comprehensive view of the changes in gene expression that occur during regeneration, we performed whole-genome mRNAseq of actively regenerating tissue from damaged Drosophila wing imaginal discs. We used genetic tools to ablate the wing primordium to induce regeneration, and carried out transcriptional profiling of the regeneration blastema by fluorescently labeling and sorting the blastema cells, thus identifying differentially expressed genes. Importantly, by using genetic mutants of several of ...

We have previously reported that C3, a central component of the complement system, is expressed in the regenerating blastema of the amputated limb in axolotls. This finding suggested that complement may exert a novel, noninmmunologic role in complex developmental processes such as limb regeneration in urodeles. We have previously demonstrated by in situ hybridization that a newt blastema cell line expresses C3 mRNA, suggesting that these cells are actually synthesizing C3 locally (19). In the same report, we showed that C3 mRNA and protein were also expressed in the regenerating limb of another salamander species, the axolotl, which does not regenerate eye tissues. Extending this intriguing observation to another urodele species that possesses the remarkable capacity to regenerate several of its body parts, we investigated the involvement of complement in urodele regeneration in a more rigorous and systematic manner. In that respect, we focused on dissecting the role of two key components of the ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Oxidation and structural perturbation of redox-sensitive enzymes in injured skeletal muscle. AU - Pierce, Anson P.. AU - de Waal, Eric. AU - McManus, Linda M.. AU - Shireman, Paula K.. AU - Chaudhuri, Asish R.. PY - 2007/12/15. Y1 - 2007/12/15. N2 - Molecular events that control skeletal muscle injury and regeneration are poorly understood. However, inflammation associated with oxidative stress is considered a key player in modulating this process. To understand the consequences of oxidative stress associated with muscle injury, inflammation, and regeneration, hind-limb muscles of C57Bl/6J mice were studied after injection of cardiotoxin (CT). Within 1 day post-CT injection, polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte accumulation was extensive. Compared to baseline, tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was elevated eight- and fivefold at 1 and 7 days post-CT, respectively. Ubiquitinylated protein was elevated 1 day postinjury and returned to baseline by 21 days. Cysteine residues ...

Mature mammals exhibit very limited capacity for regeneration of auditory hair cells, while all non-mammalian vertebrates examined can regenerate them. In an effort to find therapeutic targets for deafness and balance disorders, scientists have examined gene expression patterns in auditory tissues under different developmental and experimental conditions. Microarray technology has allowed the large-scale study of gene expression profiles (transcriptomics) at whole-genome levels, but since mRNA expression does not necessarily correlate with protein expression, other methods, such as microRNA analysis and proteomics, are needed to better understand the process of hair cell regeneration. These technologies and some of the results of them are discussed in this review. Although there is a considerable amount of variability found between studies owing to different species, tissues and treatments, there is some concordance between cellular pathways important for hair cell regeneration. Since gene expression

Using our Illumina RNAseq approach, we identified hundreds of differentially regulated genes during different stages of head regeneration, and clustered them into groups according to their dynamic expression profiles (Figure 6c).. Among the genes that were strongly upregulated during the first few hours of regeneration were genes encoding putative homologues of mammalian inflammatory response genes. Gene_3164, for instance, encodes a putative tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated protein (TRAF). TRAFs interact with numerous members of the TNFR family and have a variety of tissue-specific functions. As TRAFs have been implicated in promoting the immune response after infections and wounding [42, 43], it is possible that similar proteins are also involved in the regulation of immune responses after decapitation in planarians. Reported RNAi phenotypes of putative TRAF-like genes in the planarian species D. japonica are pleiotropic [44]. Thus, the functions of putative planarian TRAFs, as ...

In response injury, intrinsic repair mechanisms are activated in skeletal muscle to replace the damaged muscle fibers with new muscle fibers. The regeneration process starts with the proliferation of satellite cells to give rise to myoblasts, which subsequently differentiate terminally into myofibers. Here, we investigated the promotion effect of pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) on muscle regeneration. We report that PEDF and a synthetic PEDF-derived short peptide (PSP; residues Ser93-Leu112) induce satellite cell proliferation in vitro and promote muscle regeneration in vivo. Extensively soleus muscle necrosis was induced in rats by bupivacaine and an injectable alginate gel was used to release the PSP in the injured muscle. PSP delivery was found to stimulate satellite cell proliferation in damaged muscle and enhance the growth of regenerating myofibers, with complete regeneration of normal muscle mass by 2 weeks. In cell culture, PEDF/PSP stimulated C2C12 myoblast proliferation, ...

This manuscript describes a detailed protocol to induce acute skeletal muscle regeneration in adult mice and subsequent manipulations...

Dentistry has become a driver of innovation in the field of regeneration and this is apparent with the FDAs first-of-its kind clearance of the LANAP protocol and device, said Robert H. Gregg II, DDS, co-founder of MDT, inventor of the LANAP protocol and co-developer of the PerioLase® MVP-7™ variable pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The mouth is an unforgiving environment and the fact that we can stimulate regeneration with the full functionality will advance a broader scientific understanding of the bodys regenerative capability.. The LANAP protocol is the result of three decades of research, development and clinical testing, including human histology. Periodontal educators in academic institutions across the county now include the protocol in post-graduate periodontal residency training programs, as it is the only scientifically proven methodology that results in true periodontal regeneration including new gum tissue and bone growth and the regeneration of tissue and bone to save otherwise ...

References Endometriosis-associated Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: A Hitherto Undescribed Entity and a Potential Diagnostic Pitfall. Colella R, (...)

TY - JOUR. T1 - Dynamic changes to lipid mediators support transitions among macrophage subtypes during muscle regeneration. AU - Giannakis, Nikolas. AU - Sansbury, Brian E.. AU - Patsalos, Andreas. AU - Hays, Tristan T.. AU - Riley, Colin O.. AU - Han, Xianlin. AU - Spite, Matthew. AU - Nagy, Laszlo. PY - 2019/5/1. Y1 - 2019/5/1. N2 - Muscle damage elicits a sterile immune response that facilitates complete regeneration. Here, we used mass spectrometry-based lipidomics to map the mediator lipidome during the transition from inflammation to resolution and regeneration in skeletal muscle injury. We observed temporal regulation of glycerophospholipids and production of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators (for example, leukotrienes and prostaglandins) and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (for example, resolvins and lipoxins) that were modulated by ibuprofen. These time-dependent profiles were recapitulated in sorted neutrophils and Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo muscle-infiltrating macrophages, with a ...

A major discovery of recent decades has been the existence of stem cells and their potential to repair many, if not most, tissues. With the aging population, many attempts have been made to use exogenous stem cells to promote tissue repair, so far with limited success. An alternative approach, which may be more effective and far less costly, is to promote tissue regeneration by targeting endogenous stem cells. However, ways of enhancing endogenous stem cell function remain poorly defined. Injury leads to the release of danger signals which are known to modulate the immune response, but their role in stem cell-mediated repair in vivo remains to be clarified. Here we show that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is released following fracture in both humans and mice, forms a heterocomplex with CXCL12, and acts via CXCR4 to accelerate skeletal, hematopoietic, and muscle regeneration in vivo. Pretreatment with HMGB1 2 wk before injury also accelerated tissue regeneration, indicating an acquired

In the heart of black cherrys native range, including a part of the Allegheny Hardwoods that bills itself as the Black Cherry Capital of the World, the trees regeneration, growth and survival have all been declining for more than a decade. In a new analysis, a team of USDA Forest Service and University of Missouri scientists identify likely factors behind the trees decline and, more significantly, conclude that black cherry may be the tip of the iceberg in terms of change in eastern deciduous forests.

Unlike adult mammals, which can repair but not regenerate new nephrons, fish generate nephrons de novo throughout life and after kidney injury. To explore mechanisms of kidney regeneration that could one day be applied to treat renal disease in humans, Diep et al. used the zebrafish as a model to identify and characterise progenitor cells responsible for nephron regeneration. Using transplantation experiments, they traced the source of new adult nephrons back to small aggregates of cells containing kidney progenitors. As previously found for mouse nephrons, individual zebrafish nephrons are derived from multiple nephron progenitors, which the authors suggest have self-renewing properties. Furthermore, gene-expression analyses indicated conservation between mammals and zebrafish with respect to the factors involved in renal development. These results provide hope that nephron progenitors with self-renewing potential might also be present in the human adult kidney and could be coaxed out of a ...

An estimated 10 million cosmetic and reconstructive procedures are performed over the world for cases of accidents, birth defects, burns and other mishaps. The increasing use of tissue engineering and organ regeneration will reduce the use of metals and alloys in the body that are in most cases toxic and have a very high rejection. Wound care will continue to be a major growth driver for this market along with orthopedics. Largest demands for organ transplants include kidney, liver and heart which if processed from the same individual will provide considerable less cost with reduced rejection rates. Dental and neurologic applications are also expected to create demand in the coming years. International activities such as competitions have encouraged the research and development initiatives over the world. In 2013, Methuselah Foundation which is a medical charity announced a million dollar New Organ Liver award to competitors for development over a five-year international competition to advance ...

Abstract. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is still associated with high morbidity and mortality incidence rates, and also bears an elevated risk of subsequent chronic kidney disease. Although the kidney has a remarkable capacity for regeneration after injury and may recover completely depending on the type of renal lesions, the options for clinical intervention are restricted to fluid management and extracorporeal kidney support. The development of novel therapies to prevent AKI, to improve renal regeneration capacity after AKI, and to preserve renal function is urgently needed. The Special Issue covers research articles that investigated the molecular mechanisms of inflammation and injury during different renal pathologies, renal regeneration, diagnostics using new biomarkers, and the effects of different stimuli like medication or bacterial components on isolated renal cells or in vivo models. The Special Issue contains important reviews that consider the current knowledge of cell death and ...

Bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are promising strategies for treating bone diseases and reconstructing bone defects. For many years research has been dedicated to understanding the biochemical environment that is required to encourage bone regeneration and the desired properties of biocompatible scaffold materials. These studies demonstrate the potential for stem cell based therapies for bone regeneration. However the field of tissue regeneration is faced with the specific challenge to develop novel tissue regeneration approaches to produce tissue that can simultaneously support loading, but is also porous to allow for cell migration and diffusion of nutrients into the regenerated tissue to maintain viability. Dr. McNamaras research group develop mechanobiology based approaches (compression, vibration, fluid flow and hydrostatic bioreactors) for bone tissue regeneration and apply these methods to overcome limitations of biomaterial based in vitro approaches for bone tissue ...

Peripheral nerves are essential connections between the brain and body. Peripheral nerve injury and neuropathies are severely debilitating, often resulting in paralysis or pain. Current therapies are largely ineffective in restoring functional recovery. Therefore, novel strategies for increased regeneration are needed. Our results identify a new and potent strategy for promoting the regrowth of injured peripheral nerve axons. We provide evidence that PTEN has ongoing expression in the peripheral nervous system, prominent in neurons but also present in SCs, key partners in the regenerative process. PTEN is therefore present at the right time and place to be involved in nerve regeneration. Our study highlights the following: (1) PTEN is present within peripheral neurons at the injury site, where it is poised to dampen regenerative activity; (2) inhibition of PTEN increases neurite outgrowth in vitro, with a particularly striking augmentation of the already heightened growth state of a ...

A method for providing disc regeneration that includes at least partially restoring disc height using a vertebral disc annular fibrosis tensioning and lengthening device, and then injecting a biologic substance, such as stem cells, into the disc that differentiate into chondrocytes and/or notochordal cells that facilitate disc regeneration. Once the biologic substance has regenerated the disc, it may be possible to remove the vertebral disc annular fibrosis tensioning and lengthening device.

BAR HARBOR, MAINE - Scientists at the MDI Biological Laboratory and the University of Maine have discovered that genetic material in the cell that was previously thought to be junk because of its apparent lack of function likely plays a part in regulating genetic circuits responsible for regeneration in highly regenerative animals.. Viravuth P. Yin, Ph.D., of the MDI Biological Laboratory and Benjamin L. King, Ph.D., of the University of Maine identified these long noncoding RNAs by studying genomic data from highly regenerative animals included in a RegenDbase (Comparative Models of Regeneration Database) developed by the MDI Biological Laboratory.. The discovery of these novel long noncoding RNAs and their role in regulating regeneration may lead to an answer to the paramount question that is being examined by scientists at the MDI Biological Laboratory: If highly regenerative animals such as zebrafish and salamanders can regenerate tissues and organs, why we cant we?. The answer could ...

The purpose of this study is to develop a method to control power-assist systems with an energy regeneration system that achieves the desired load-reductio

Zebrafish are capable of complete cardiac regeneration after resection of up to 20% of their apical myocardium or cryoinfarction throughout their whole life (Jopling et al, 2010). In contrast, mammals (the data are mainly from mice) can only effectively regenerate the heart during embryonic development or shortly after birth until P7, when myocyte proliferation ceases (Porrello et al, 2011). Indeed, the expression of cell cycle genes in the heart winds down within the first postnatal week, although transcriptional mechanisms of this phenomenon have remained elusive (Soonpaa et al, 1996). We demonstrated in this study that cardiac GATA4 becomes strongly downregulated at P7 and to a lesser extent also after cryoinjury in mice, whereas in zebrafish GATA4 expression is massively upregulated in cardiomyocytes in response to cardiac injury to enable regeneration.. GATA4 downregulation predisposes the neonatal mouse heart to defective regeneration as demonstrated by an increased scar size in the ...

Platelets are a vital part of wound healing processes. They can specifically secrete key growth factors at the site of the injury and therefore start the damaged tissues regeneration processes. In the latest study, which involved collaboration between the University Department of Surgery at the MedUni Vienna led by Patrick Starlinger and the Institute of Physiology led by Alice Assinger, scientists were able to demonstrate that the specific release of growth factors from the α granules was associated with post-operative liver regeneration.. The authors of this study demonstrated back in 2014 that serotonin stored in platelets can play a key role in post-operative liver regeneration. Serotonin is stored in the electron-dense granules (storage organelles) of platelets and is secreted after activation. As part of the platelet activation process, the contents of a second type of granule, known as the α granule, are also released. It has now been possible for the first time to prove a highly ...

Natural examples of regeneration, such as salamanders, may unravel novel strategies for cell replacement of damaged or lost tissues. We study regeneration mechanisms in an aquatic salamander, the newt, which has the widest repertoire of regenerative abilities among adult vertebrates.. Our group has two main interests. The first dimension of our research is to reveal how adult neurogenesis and brain regeneration takes place. Here we focus on dopamine neurons in the midbrain. In particular we focus on the role of neurotransmitter signaling in neurogenesis during normal physiological conditions and also after neuronal ablation.. The second dimension of our research is to understand how skeletal muscle contributes to new tissues during limb regeneration. We have identified a Pax7+ stem cell population in salamander skeletal muscle and we try to understand how these cells take part in limb regeneration. Salamander skeletal muscle may also undergo a unique dedifferentiation process during limb ...

LO1) Be able to critically reflect on the ways in which urban regeneration policy has developed, how this may differ from previous urban policy interventions and the rationale / drivers behind the variety of approaches adopted by the government;. (LO2) Assess the nature and importance of the differing components of regeneration, including financial and human resources, partnerships and agencies, and their relative influence in shaping effective processes of urban and regional regeneration. (LO3) Be able to apply their knowledge to understand the different spatial levels of regeneration policies and how and why such levels may be utilized in practice. (LO4) Have a critical understanding of the issues in urban regeneration policy and practice, including the evaluation and impact of regeneration programmes. (S1) Problem solving skills. (S2) Organisational skills. (S3) Communication, listening and questioning respecting others, contributing to discussions, communicating in a foreign language, ...

Directory of patents related to Regeneration Of Adsorbents (44 patents): Closed-loop thermal regeneration of adsorbents containing reactive adsorbates; Regeneration of adsorbents by low temperature hydrogen stripping; Regeneration of adsorbents; In place regeneration of adsorbents using microwaves; Regeneration of adsorbents

Application of Artificial Dermis to Periodontal Therapy. Epithelial Regeneration Responses After Collagen Matrix Implantation into Defects of the Palatal Gingiva in Rats.:Epithelial Regeneration Responses After Collagen Matrix Implantation into Defects of the Palatal Gingiva in Rats （1994 ...

The mammalian hair follicle is a complex mini-organ thought to form only during development; loss of an adult follicle is considered permanent. However, the possibility that hair follicles develop de novo following wounding was raised in studies on rabbits, mice and even humans fifty years ago. Su …

An experiment with different periods of treatment with 4.0 mg l(-1) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2.0 mg l thidiazuron revealed that the shoot regeneration rate varied tremendously between genotypes. In two genotypes a period of 8 weeks on medium with plant growth regulators was sufficient to induce shoot regeneration. In three other genotypes a longer induction period was not able to overcome low regeneration capacity. However an increase in shoot regeneration rate was observed after 16 - 32 weeks of induction ...

The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the main proteolytic system of cells. Recent evidence suggests that the UPS plays a regulatory role in regeneration processes. Here we explore the possibility that the UPS is involved during intestinal regeneration of the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima. These organisms can regenerate most of their digestive tract following a process of evisceration. Initially, we identified components of H. glaberrima UPS, including sequences for Rpn10, β3 and ubiquitin-RPL40. Predicted proteins from the mRNA sequences showed high degree of conservation that ranged from 60% (Rpn10) to 98% (Ub-RPL40). Microarrays and RT-PCR experiments showed that these genes were up-regulated during intestinal regeneration. In addition, we demonstrated expression of alpha 20S proteasome subunits and ubiquitinated proteins during intestinal regeneration and detected them in the epithelium and connective tissue of the regenerating intestine. Finally, the intestinal regeneration was ...

The intestinal epithelium has a remarkable capacity to regenerate after injury and DNA damage. Here, we show that the integrin effector protein Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is dispensable for normal intestinal homeostasis and DNA damage signaling, but is essential for intestinal regeneration following DNA damage. Given Wnt/c-Myc signaling is activated following intestinal regeneration, we investigated the functional importance of FAK following deletion of the Apc tumor suppressor protein within the intestinal epithelium. Following Apc loss, FAK expression increased in a c-Myc-dependent manner. Codeletion of Apc and Fak strongly reduced proliferation normally induced following Apc loss, and this was associated with reduced levels of phospho-Akt and suppression of intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc heterozygous mice. Thus, FAK is required downstream of Wnt Signaling, for Akt/mTOR activation, intestinal regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Importantly, this work suggests that FAK inhibitors may suppress ...

The ability to form a regeneration blastema, which leads to the epimorphic regeneration of complex body structures, is restricted to some amphibians and fish among vertebrates (Poss et al., 2003). A conundrum of regenerative biology is why mammals, with a few exceptions, do not form a blastema or a blastema-like structure despite the fact that they can functionally repair some tissues, such as skeletal muscle (Charge and Rudnicki, 2004) and liver (Fausto and Campbell, 2003). Of particular interest is whether the generation of progenitor cells during epimorphic regeneration in salamander and during mammalian tissue repair proceeds by the activation of different or overlapping mechanisms. A unique feature of blastema formation in salamanders is the process of dedifferentiation of stump tissues that follows appendage removal. The possibility to induce blastema formation and regeneration in mammals through the activation of a comparable dedifferentiation program has been proposed (Hughes, 2001; ...

1. TanakaEM, ReddienPW (2011) The cellular basis for animal regeneration. Dev Cell 21: 172-185.. 2. RinkJC (2013) Stem cell systems and regeneration in planaria. Dev Genes Evol 223: 67-84.. 3. WagnerDE, WangIE, ReddienPW (2011) Clonogenic neoblasts are pluripotent adult stem cells that underlie planarian regeneration. Science 332: 811-816.. 4. ReddienPW, OviedoNJ, JenningsJR, JenkinJC, Sánchez AlvaradoA (2005) SMEDWI-2 is a PIWI-like protein that regulates planarian stem cells. Science 310: 1327-1330.. 5. NewmarkPA, Sánchez AlvaradoA (2000) Bromodeoxyuridine specifically labels the regenerative stem cells of planarians. Dev Biol 220: 142-153.. 6. HayashiT, AsamiM, HiguchiS, ShibataN, AgataK (2006) Isolation of planarian X-ray-sensitive stem cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Dev Growth Differ 48: 371-380.. 7. WenemoserD, ReddienPW (2010) Planarian regeneration involves distinct stem cell responses to wounds and tissue absence. Dev Biol 344: 979-991.. 8. GuedelhoeferOCt, Sánchez ...

Freshwater planarians are an attractive model for regeneration and stem cell research and have become a promising tool in the field of regenerative medicine. With the availability of a sequenced planarian genome, the recent application of modern genetic and high-throughput tools has resulted in revitalized interest in these animals, long known for their amazing regenerative capabilities, which enable them to regrow even a new head after decapitation. However, a detailed description of the planarian transcriptome is essential for future investigation into regenerative processes using planarians as a model system. In order to complement and improve existing gene annotations, we used a 454 pyrosequencing approach to analyze the transcriptome of the planarian species Schmidtea mediterranea Altogether, 598,435 454-sequencing reads, with an average length of 327 bp, were assembled together with the ~10,000 sequences of the S. mediterranea UniGene set using different similarity cutoffs. The assembly was then

Freshwater planarians are an attractive model for regeneration and stem cell research and have become a promising tool in the field of regenerative medicine. With the availability of a sequenced planarian genome, the recent application of modern genetic and high-throughput tools has resulted in revitalized interest in these animals, long known for their amazing regenerative capabilities, which enable them to regrow even a new head after decapitation. However, a detailed description of the planarian transcriptome is essential for future investigation into regenerative processes using planarians as a model system. In order to complement and improve existing gene annotations, we used a 454 pyrosequencing approach to analyze the transcriptome of the planarian species Schmidtea mediterranea Altogether, 598,435 454-sequencing reads, with an average length of 327 bp, were assembled together with the ~10,000 sequences of the S. mediterranea UniGene set using different similarity cutoffs. The assembly was then

The native capacity of adult skeletal muscles to regenerate is vital to the recovery from physical injuries and dystrophic diseases. Currently, the development of therapeutic interventions has been hindered by the complex regulatory network underlying the process of muscle regeneration. Using a mouse model of skeletal muscle regeneration after injury, we identified hexamethylene bisacetamide inducible 1 (HEXIM1, also referred to as CLP-1), the inhibitory component of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) complex, as a pivotal regulator of skeletal muscle regeneration. Hexim1-haplodeficient muscles exhibited greater mass and preserved function compared with those of WT muscles after injury, as a result of enhanced expansion of satellite cells. Transplanted Hexim1-haplodeficient satellite cells expanded and improved muscle regeneration more effectively than WT satellite cells. Conversely, HEXIM1 overexpression restrained satellite cell proliferation and impeded muscle ...

TY - BOOK. T1 - Neural Regeneration. AU - So, Kwok Fai. AU - Xu, Xiao Ming. PY - 2015/2/6. Y1 - 2015/2/6. N2 - Neural Regeneration provides an overview of cutting-edge knowledge on a broad spectrum of neural regeneration, including: Neural regeneration in lower vertebrates Neural regeneration in the peripheral nervous system Neural regeneration in the central nervous system Transplantation-mediated neural regeneration Clinical and translational research on neural regeneration The contributors to this book are experts in their fields and work at distinguished institutions in the United States, Canada, Australia, and China. Nervous system injuries, including peripheral nerve injuries, brain and spinal cord injuries, and stroke affect millions of people worldwide every year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, neural regeneration and repair is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the new discoveries to promote structural and functional recoveries based on neural ...

Despite the ravages of long term denervation there is structural and ultrastructural evidence for survival of muscle fibers in mammals, with some fibers surviving at least ten months in rodents and 3-6 years in humans. Further, in rodents there is evidence that muscle fibers may regenerate even after repeated damage in the absence of the nerve, and that this potential is maintained for several months after denervation. While in animal models permanently denervated muscle sooner or later loses the ability to contract, the muscles may maintain their size and ability to function if electrically stimulated soon after denervation. Whether in mammals, humans included, this is a result of persistent de novo formation of muscle fibers is an open issue we would like to explore in this review. During the past decade, we have studied muscle biopsies from the quadriceps muscle of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) patients suffering with Conus and Cauda Equina syndrome, a condition that fully and irreversibly ...

Large-scale separation of substances present at low concentrations is readily performed by adsorption in packed beds that requires recurring energy-intensive regeneration of the adsorbent. The present work uses numerical simulations previously developed for industrial-scale packed-bed benzene sorption on activated carbon with temperature-swing regeneration by steam to investigate the influence of steam properties and regeneration strategy on total energy performance and breakthrough behaviour. It is shown that using saturated steam lowers both the steam mass and energy consumption during regeneration of a fixed amount of benzene, whereas using superheated steam returns the bed to a more fresh-like state after each regeneration stage. The most promising variation tried implies a 19% reduction in the energy consumption. Furthermore, the importance of accounting for the real industrial cycling conditions in the optimization of packed-bed adsorbers is highlighted. It is shown that the participation of

TY - JOUR. T1 - Induction of a noggin-like gene by ectopic DV interaction during planarian regeneration. AU - Ogawa, Kazuya. AU - Ishihara, Shogo. AU - Saito, Yumi. AU - Mineta, Katsuhiko. AU - Nakazawa, Masumi. AU - Ikeo, Kazuho. AU - Gojobori, Takashi. AU - Watanabe, Kenji. AU - Agata, Kiyokazu. PY - 2002/1/1. Y1 - 2002/1/1. N2 - In previous studies, we have shown that dorsoventral (DV) interaction evokes not only blastema formation, but also morphogenetic events similar to those that occur in regeneration. However, it is still unclear what kinds of signal molecules are involved in the DV interaction. To investigate the signal systems involved in the DV interaction, we focused on a noggin-like gene (Djnlg) identified by the planarian EST project. Djnlg is the first noggin homologue isolated from an invertebrate. In DjNLG, the positions of nine cysteine residues which may be essential for dimer formation were well conserved, but overall, the amino acid sequence of DjNLG did not show high ...

The identification and application of resident cardiac stem cells for regeneration of damaged myocardium challenges the previous dogma of a terminally differentiated, nonrepairable heart. Recent human phase I clinical trials in adult myocardial ischemic patients have demonstrated the beneficial regenerative abilities of 2 different resident cardiac stem cells: c-kit+ cardiac stem cells and cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs).1,2 C-kit+ cells, which express the surface receptor tyrosine kinase, are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent, with the ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscles, and endothelial cells.3,4 In the Cardiac Stem Cells in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (SCIPIO) trial, c-kit+ cell treatment in adult heart failure patients improved left ventricle function and reduced infarct size 12 months after treatment. On the other hand, CDCs contain a heterogeneous pool of differentiated and undifferentiated cells, which include c-kit+ cells.5 CDCs similarly ...

IntroductionTransplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from synovium is a promising therapy for cartilage regeneration. For clinical application, improvement of handling operation, enhancement of chondrogenic potential, and increase of MSCs adhesion efficiency are needed to achieve a more successful cartilage regeneration with a limited number of MSCs without scaffold. The use of aggregated MSCs may be one of the solutions. Here, we investigated the handling, properties and effectiveness of aggregated MSCs for cartilage regeneration.MethodsHuman and rabbit synovial MSCs were aggregated using the hanging drop technique. The gene expression changes after aggregation of synovial MSCs were analyzed by microarray and real time RT-PCR analyses. In vitro and in vivo chondrogenic potential of aggregates of synovial MSCs was examined.ResultsAggregates of MSCs cultured for three days became visible, approximately 1 mm in diameter and solid and durable by manipulation; most of the cells were viable.

Patient case studies of hair regeneration, a non-surgical hair loss treatment developed by Dr Amiya Prasad. Hair Regeneration treatment has appeared to be effective in 99% of male and female patients who undergo this treatment.

Regeneration is a feature of postnatal skeletal muscle and occurs to replace damaged myofibers following exercise or injury (Hawke and Garry, 2001; Huard et al., 2002; Chargé and Rudnicki, 2004). Regeneration of muscle is dependent on satellite cells, and can be divided into distinct phases, which include inflammation, tissue formation and tissue remodeling. During the inflammatory phase, the damaged muscle tissue is infiltrated by immune cells, and activated macrophages play a key role in the removal of necrotic tissue. This is followed by tissue formation that is dependent on the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells. Many growth factors and cytokines that are mitogenic for satellite cells have been implicated in this process (Husmann et al., 1996). The progeny of activated satellite cells are called muscle precursor cells and they undergo multiple rounds of proliferation, withdraw from the cell cycle and differentiate to form myotubes that are characterized by the presence of ...

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Skeletal muscle injuries are the most common sports-related injuries and present a challenge in primary care and sports medicine. Most types of muscle injuries would follow three stages: the acute inflammatory and degenerative phase, the repair phase and the remodeling phase. Present conservative treatment includes RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and physical therapy. However, if use improper, NSAIDs may suppress an essential inflammatory phase in the healing of injured skeletal muscle. Furthermore, it remains controversial whether or not they have adverse effects on the healing process or on the tensile strength. However, several growth factors might promote the regeneration of injured skeletal muscle, many novel treatments have involved on enhancing complete functional recovery. Exogenous growth factors have been shown to regulate satellite cell proliferation, differentiation and fusion in myotubes in vivo and in vitro, TGF-β1 antagonists behave

The liver is the only visceral organ that possesses the remarkable capacity to regenerate. The liver can regenerate after either surgical removal or after chemical injury. It is known that as little as 25% of the original liver mass can regenerate back to its full size. The process of regeneration in mammals is mainly compensatory growth because only the mass of the liver is replaced, not the shape. However, in lower species such as fish, both liver size and shape can be replaced. Liver regeneration involves replication of the liver cells, mainly hepatocytes, followed by other cells such as biliary epithelial cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells. Once cell proliferation is completed, the newly divided cells undergo restructuring, angiogenesis and reformation of extracellular matrix to complete the regeneration process. Interestingly, in most cases, liver function is only partially affected during liver regeneration. Whereas certain specialized functions such as drug metabolism decrease, many ...

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that inflammation might contribute to liver damage at an early injurious phase but facilitate liver regeneration at a late phase in APAP overdose. The major novel findings of this investigation are the following: (a) EP-treated mice demonstrate decreased serum ALT/AST and reduced necrosis at 24 hours; however, EP therapy shows increased serum AST and impaired liver regeneration at 48 hours; (b) the late detrimental effect is associated with a decreased serum TNF-α concentration; and (c) EP-treated mice demonstrate significantly reduced expression of cell cycle protein cyclin D1 in liver tissue.. EP-treated mice demonstrated decreased serum ALT/AST and reduced necrosis at 24 hours. This early protective effect was associated with significantly decreased hepatic MPO and a reduced number of infiltrating inflammatory cells in comparison with the saline-treated group. In this study, we also measured 24-hour and 48-hour hepatic MDA levels, a ...

Rajaram K, Harding RL, Hyde DR, Patton JG. miR-203 regulates progenitor cell proliferation during adult zebrafish retina regeneration. Dev Biol. 2014 May 20. p

The American Association of Endodontists and its AAE Foundation are seeking applications for up to $2.5 million in funding to support one or more research projects to investigate regenerative endodontic treatment.. Applications are due Aug. 1, 2013. Download guidelines and application from the AAE website.. AAE Foundation is the philanthropic arm of the AAE, based in Chicago. The foundations goal in seeking research projects to fund is to obtain reliable evidence about the conditions under which pulpal regeneration occurs in patients, according to an AAE press release.. The AAE/AAEF seek studies that will build the evidence base supporting regenerative endodontic therapy in clinical practice and that may also aid in the design of future clinical trials investigating the efficacy of pulpal regenerative treatments.. The AAE collects data on regenerative endodontics and maintains it through its Regenerative Endodontics Database. Practitioners may submit information related to revascularization ...

0077] Thus the working point of the regeneration at the mode change will shift from the continuous line to the broken line. In the example depicted, the working point of the regeneration changes from A to B in FIG. 5. As may be seen, this means that the regeneration rate will rise to a still higher level (at point B). Regeneration according to said second mode may then be maintained, step 605 in FIG. 6, until the filter temperature drops to T1, e.g. 300° C., at which the working point of the regeneration is thus at point C in the diagram, where switching back to the first mode takes place, back to step 602 in FIG. 6, and hence the continuous curve 501, at point D, in order to raise the filters temperature again to point A for another switch to said second mode, with consequent change to point B. The temperature T1 to which the filter is allowed to drop without reverting to said first mode may be any suitable temperature. It may for example be chosen such that switching between said modes, and ...

Adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) axons have very limited capacity of regrowth after injury. In recent years, advances in the field of axonal regeneration have proved that neurons do not regenerate, mainly because of the presence of inhibitory molecules. Myelin-associated proteins limit axonal outgrowth and their blockage improves the regeneration of damaged fiber tracts. Three of these proteins, Nogo, MAG and OMgp, share a common neuronal receptor (NgR), and together represent one of the main hindrances to neuronal regeneration. The recent molecular cloning of Nogo and its receptors opened a new door to the study of axon regeneration. However, many of the elements involved in the myelin inhibitory pathway are still unknown, and the preliminary experiments with knockout mice are rather contradictory. Because of this complexity, Nogo and NgR need to be characterized before precise strategies to promote axon regeneration in the CNS can be designed ...

Altogether, our data reveal roles for PTEN in the regulation of planarian stem cells that are strikingly conserved to mammalian models. In addition, our results implicate this protein in the control of stem cell maintenance during the regeneration of complex structures in planarians ...

From the abstract: Many developing tissues display regenerative capability that allows them to compensate cell loss and preserve tissue homeostasis. Because of their remarkable regenerative capability, Drosophila wing discs are extensively used for the study of regenerative phenomena. We thus used the developing wing to investigate the role played in tissue homeostasis by the evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein pseudouridine synthase. Here we show that localized depletion of this enzyme can act as an endogenous stimulus capable of triggering apoptosis-induced proliferation, and that context-dependent effects are elicited in different sub-populations of the silenced cells. In fact, some cells undergo apoptosis, whereas those surrounding the apoptotic foci, although identically depleted, overproliferate. ... Collectively, these data point out that cell-cell communication and long-range signaling can take a relevant role in the response to pseudouridine ...

Full Text - Inducing cardiomyocyte proliferation is a hopeful approach for cardiac regeneration following myocardial infarction. Previous studies have shown that p21 inhibits the cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration. Deacetylation of p21 by Sirt1 deacetylase may reduce p21 abundance and remove p21-induced cell cycle arrest. However, whether p21 deacetylation and Sirt1 deacetylate control cardiomyocyte proliferation is unclear. Here, we show that acetylation of p21 induces cardiomyocyte proliferation arrest, whereas blocking the acetylation of p21 increases cardiomyocyte proliferation. P21 can be acetylated by Sirt1, and Sirt1 activate p21 ubiquitination through deacetylation. Additionally, overexpression of Sirt1 induces EdU-, pH3-, and Aurora B-positive cardiomyocytes in neonatal and adult mice. In contrast, depletion of Sirt1 reduces cardiomyocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Sirt1 protects cardiac function, reduces cardiac remodeling, inhibits

Correction to Gurevich et al., Science 10.1126/science.aad9969 (2016). In the Research Article Asymmetric division of clonal muscle stem cells coordinates muscle regeneration in vivo, author Dhanushika Ratnayakes given name was incorrectly listed as Dhananjani in the First Release version. The authors name is correct in the 8 July 2016 published version of the paper, and the author list in the supplementary materials PDF has been corrected.. ...

REGENERATION VS CELL REPLACEMENT THERAPIES It seems to me that there is some confusion concerning spinal cord regeneration and cell replacement. Let me try to comment on these two goals and some therapies relevant to these goals of spinal cord injury research. I have written this fairly rapidly and ask forgiveness for typographical and grammatical errors. Regeneration Regeneration usually refers to regrowth of something that has been partially damaged. For example, when one talks

REGENERATION VS CELL REPLACEMENT THERAPIES It seems to me that there is some confusion concerning spinal cord regeneration and cell replacement. Let me try to comment on these two goals and some therapies relevant to these goals of spinal cord injury research. I have written this fairly rapidly and ask forgiveness for typographical and grammatical errors. Regeneration Regeneration usually refers to regrowth of something that has been partially damaged. For example, when one talks

Influence of bone morphogenetic protein on articular cartilage regeneration following periosteal grafting. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.

Regeneration (Biology). Regeneration (Biology) Scope Note See Also: Autotomy Narrower Term: Bone regeneration Narrower Term: Nervous system Regeneration Narrower Term: Regeneration (Botany) See Also: Wound healing ...

Striking transformations are taking place in the urban landscape. The regeneration of urban areas in the UK and around the world has become an increasingly important issue amongst governments and populations since the global economic downturn. This textbook provides an accessible and critical synthesis of urban regeneration in the UK, analyzing key policies, approaches, issues and debates. It places the historical and contemporary regeneration agenda in context. The second edition has been extensively revised and updated to incorporate advances in literature, policy and case study examples, as well as giving greater discussion to the New Labour period of urban policy, and the urban agenda and regeneration policies of the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition government elected in 2010. The book is divided into five sections, with Section I establishing the conceptual and political framework for urban regeneration in the UK. Section II traces policies that have been adopted by central ...

The process of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy is very complex and is associated with signalling cascades involving initiation signals, transcription factors, cytokines, growth factors, tissue remodelling and termination of growth related signals. To date the exact mechanism of liver regeneration remains poorly understood. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) acts as a sensor for immune signals and plays a critical role in host defence. It is known that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the ligands for TLR4. Binding of LPS to TLR4 leads to activation of transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) via the intracellular adaptor molecule, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), which in turn activates the production of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6. Evidence suggests that LPS/TLR4 signalling may be involved in liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy, as delayed liver regeneration and impaired cytokine responses were observed in C3H/HeJ mice, a mouse that is ...

This graph shows the total number of publications written about Plasma Skin Regeneration by people in this website by year, and whether Plasma Skin Regeneration was a major or minor topic of these publications ...

Alveolar epithelial regeneration is essential for recovery from devastating lung diseases. This process occurs when type II alveolar pneumocytes (AT2 cells) proliferate and transdifferentiate into type I alveolar pneumocytes (AT1 cells). We used genome-wide analysis of chromatin accessibility and gene expression following acute lung injury to elucidate repair mechanisms. AT2 chromatin accessibility changed substantially following injury to reveal STAT3 binding motifs adjacent to genes that regulate essential regenerative pathways. Single-cell transcriptome analysis identified brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) as a STAT3 target gene with newly accessible chromatin in a unique population of regenerating AT2 cells. Furthermore, the BDNF receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) was enriched on mesenchymal alveolar niche cells (MANCs). Loss or blockade of AT2-specific Stat3, Bdnf or mesenchyme-specific TrkB compromised repair and reduced Fgf7 expression by niche cells. A TrkB agonist improved

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Researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have discovered a novel combination of two classes of drugs that, together, cause the highest rate of proliferation ever observed in adult human beta cells-the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin-without harming most other cells in the body. The result is an important step toward a diabetes treatment that restores the bodys ability to produce insulin.. The finding involved one type of drug that is known to cause beta cells to proliferate and another that is already in widespread use in people with diabetes. Together, they caused the cells to proliferate at a rate of 5 to 6 percent per day. The study was published today in Science Translational Medicine online.. We are very excited about this new drug combination because for the first time ever, we are able to see rates of human beta-cell replication that are sufficient to replenish beta-cell mass in humans with diabetes, said Andrew Stewart, MD, Director of the Mount Sinai ...

Researchers at UC Irvine and the University of Pennsylvania have discovered a natural cellular regeneration process in mice that could one day result in scarless healing for humans.. In a study published last month in the journal Science, UCIs Maksim Plikus, a professor of developmental and cell biology, and Penns Dr. George Cotsarelis, a dermatologist, discovered how large wounds in mice regenerated normal-looking skin. The cellular and molecular process works because large skin wounds can generate new hair follicles. Haired wounds, in turn, regenerate new fat in response to signals from the follicles. Skin with hair and fat can then regenerate in the middle of the wound.. Plikus said the regeneration ability of large wounds may have evolved to help animals survive since development of hairless, fatless scars would lead to heat loss in the wild.. Its kind of a survival strategy, he said.. Plikus said the discovery, which researchers expect will work in humans, could revolutionize ...

Mice, like other mammals, do not show an innate capacity to regenerate retinal damage. Retinal damage in mammals instead typically results in gliosis and scar formation which interrupts normal retinal function. Previously, treating damaged eyes with epidermal growth factor induced Muller glia proliferation in the mouse eye, but neuron generation only occurred with concurrent overexpression of Ascl1.[9] More recently, robust Muller glia proliferation and subsequent neuronal differentiation has been seen using the alpha 7 nAChR agonist, PNU-282987.[10] More information on the signaling pathways involved is required before Muller glia mediated regeneration will be a viable treatment method for restoring vision in mammalian retinas. Other approaches to retinal regeneration involve cellular transplantation treatments. In findings presented in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in 2012, a Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology research team led by Dr Robert MacLaren from the ...

Deer antler velvet is first used in Chinese Medicine. It is amazingly discovered written on a Chinese scroll that is said to be more than 2000 years old. To them, it provides its users with energy, stamina and vitality. Deer antler velvet came from the velvet of antlers stag during their early-growth stage. This is when the velvet contains a type of cartilaginous tissue full of beneficial hormones for humans. New Zealand is the largest producer of this supplement, having more than 2,800 dear farms with a combined total of 1.1 million deer. Every year, they ship tens of millions of dollars worth of deer antler velvet spray to both Asia and the United States. The ultimate goal of body builders is larger muscles and greater strength. Deer antler spray helps them get both, the reason is because it contains IGF-1 or insulin growth-like factor, which is responsible for the development of the muscles.. They decided to make deer antler spray because aside from the fact that it is very easy to apply, it ...

Abstract Spontaneous scaffold based tissue regeneration may be a promising alternative to in vitro tissue engineered heart valve prostheses. Selective promotion of ingrowth of desired cells versus suppression of potentially harmful cell invasion would be a key principle of such an approach. We have begun to demonstrate the utility of hydrogels engineered with specific adhesive and degradation peptide sites towards achieving this long-term goal. Polyethylene glycol hydrogels that through Michaels addition chemistry allow for both polymerization via enzymatically (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)) degradable peptides and appendage of adhesive peptides were developed. Hydrogels were crosslinked with either a relatively enzymatically promiscuous peptide (MMP-pep) or sequences specifically degradable by either MMP-14 or MMP-9 (MMP-14pep, MMP-9pep). MMPs are of interest as there is evidence of cell specific expression. For example in vascular cells under physiological conditions MMP-9 is expressed at low levels

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Positional cloning of a temperature-sensitive mutant emmental reveals a role for Sly1 during cell proliferation in zebrafish fin regeneration. AU - Nechiporuk, Alex. AU - Poss, Kenneth D.. AU - Johnson, Stephen L.. AU - Keating, Mark T.. N1 - Funding Information: We are grateful to the members of Stephen Johnsons lab for technical advice during the mutagenesis screen. We thank Jennifer Sheppard, Janet Finney, Ann Hillam, Lindsay Wilson, Angela Sanchez, and Soo Kim for excellent fish care. We also thank the members of the Electron Microscopy core facilities at the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School for help with transmission electron microscopy. K.D.P. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Helen Hay Whitney Foundation. S.L.J. was supported by NIH PO1 Grant HD39952.. PY - 2003/6/15. Y1 - 2003/6/15. N2 - Here, we used classical genetics in zebrafish to identify temperature-sensitive mutants in caudal fin regeneration. Gross morphological, histological, ...

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Numerous smedwi-1+ cluster attributes indicate they result from clonal growth. smedwi-1+ clusters were preceded by isolated smedwi-1+ cells present 3 to 4 days after irradiation and typically displayed 3 to 10 cells after one week (Fig. 1, E and F). Based on the low proportion of animals with smedwi-1+ cells in close proximity 3 days post-irradiation with 1750 rad (fig. S2), it is improbable that clusters arose from multiple adjacent smedwi-1+ cells (P = 0.0138, two-tailed Fishers exact test). Cluster size increased dramatically over time, suggesting exponential growth and ultimately yielding hundreds of smedwi-1+ cells 14 to 18 days post-irradiation (Fig. 1, E and F). Consistent with clusters originating from pre-existing smedwi-1+ cells that survived irradiation, a cluster-location scatter plot resembled the normal smedwi-1+ expression pattern (Fig. 1D), and cluster frequency decreased with increasing irradiation doses (see below). Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) delivery labels smedwi-1-expressing ...