We used transcript-specific oligonucleotides to examine the localization in the rat nervous system of the corresponding mRNAs for the two P2X purinoceptor genes cloned recently from the rat vas deferens and PC12 cells. PC12 P2X purinoceptor mRNA was labeled in the olfactory tubercle, striatum, hypothalamus, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, amygdala, cortex, and cerebellum, whereas the vas deferens P2X purinoceptor-specific probes labeled the cerebellum and, at lower levels of expression, the striatum, hippocampus, and cortex. Both types of P2X purinoceptor transcript were found on cell bodies in the nodose and superior cervical ganglia. The presence of these two purinoceptor transcripts in the brain was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Two partial cDNAs, identical to sections of the PC12 or vas deferens P2X purinoceptor coding sequences, were amplified from neonatal brain and cerebellum poly(A)+ RNA, respectively. These findings are in broad agreement with earlier Northern blot studies on the ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Cannabinoids and psychotic symptoms. T2 - A potential role for a genetic variant in the P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2RX7) gene. AU - Boks, Marco P. AU - He, Yujie. AU - Schubart, Chris D. AU - van Gastel, Willemijn. AU - Elkrief, Laurent. AU - Huguet, Guillaume. AU - van Eijk, Kristel. AU - Vinkers, Christiaan H. AU - Kahn, René S. AU - Paus, Tomás. AU - Conrod, Patricia. AU - Hol, Elly M. AU - de Witte, Lot D. N1 - Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.. PY - 2020. Y1 - 2020. N2 - To investigate the biological mechanisms underlying the higher risk for psychosis in those that use cannabis, we conducted a genome-wide environment-interaction study (GWEIS). In a sample of individuals without a psychiatric disorder (N=1262), we analyzed the interactions between regular cannabis use and genotype with psychotic-like experiences (PLE) as outcome. PLE were measured using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE). The sample was enriched for those at the extremes of both ...

P2X purinoceptors, also known as the ATP-gated P2X receptor cation channel family, consist of cation-permeable ligand gated ion channels that open in response to the binding of extracellular ATP.

Receptor for ATP that acts as a ligand-gated ion channel. This receptor is insensitive to the antagonists PPADS and suramin (By similarity).

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Natural products have reemerged in traditional medicine as a potential source of new molecules or phytomedicines to help with health disorders. It has been established that members of the P2X subfamily, ATP-gated ion channels, are crucial to the inflammatory process and pain signalization. As such, several preclinical studies have demonstrated that P2X2R, P2X3R, P2X4R and P2X7R are promising pharmacological targets to control inflammatory and pain disorders. Several studies have indicated that natural products could be a good source of the new specific molecules needed for the treatment of diseases linked to inflammation and pain disorders through the regulation of these receptors. Herein, we discuss and give an overview of the applicability of natural products as a source to obtain P2X receptors (P2XR) selective antagonists for use in clinical treatment, which require further investigation.

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 1 Result of calcification and healing Severity of the Calcification Run Cornea Type of calci- occurred Healing no. no. exposure fication (≧1) [%] 1 HH1 medium 1 yes 49.7 1 HH2 phosphate- 0 no 89.8 free 1 HH3 phosphate- 4 yes 22 containing 2 HH7 medium 4 yes 97.8 2 HH8 phosphate- 0 no 100 free 2 HH9 phosphate- 3 yes 92 containing 3 HH13 medium 3 yes n.d. 3 HH16 phosphate- 4 yes n.d. free 3 HH17 phosphate- 0 no 94.8 containing Explanation of the table: 1 n.d.: not determined. 2 The details of the healing in % indicates the size of the healed area relative to the original area of the corneal injury. 3 The strength of the calcification was indicated by means of the value numbers 1 to 5, the assessment taking place with the naked eye and the value numbers standing for the following assessments: 0: no sclerotic phenomena 1: first scleroses are discernible with the naked eye 2: slight sclerosis 3: medium severe sclerosis 4: severe sclerosis 5: complete sclerosis ...

The P2X(7) receptor (P2X(7)R) is an ATP-gated ion channel expressed by monocytes and macrophages. To directly address the role of this receptor in interleukin (IL)-1 beta post-translational processing, we have generated a P2X(7)R-deficient mouse line. P2X(7)R(-/-) macrophages respond to lipopolysaccharide and produce levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and pro-IL-1 beta comparable with those generated by wild-type cells. In response to ATP, however, pro-IL-1 beta produced by the P2X(7)R(-/-) cells is not externalized or activated by caspase-1. Nigericin, an alternate secretion stimulus, promotes release of 17-kDa IL-1 beta from P2X(7)R(-/-) macrophages. In response to in vivo lipopolysaccharide injection, both wild-type and P2X(7)R(-/-) animals display increases in peritoneal lavage IL-6 levels but no detectable IL-1. Subsequent ATP injection to wild-type animals promotes an increase in IL-1, which in turn leads to additional IL-6 production; similar increases did not occur in ATP-treated, LPS-primed ...