Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is one of several bioactive phospholipids that exert profound mitogenic and morphogenic actions. Originally characterized as a second messenger, S1P is now recognized to achieve many of its effects through cell surface, G protein-coupled receptors. We used a subunit-selective [35S]GTPγS binding assay to investigate whether the variety of actions exerted through Edg-1, a recently identified receptor for S1P, might be achieved through multiple G proteins. We found, employing both Sf9 and HEK293 cells, that Edg-1 activates only members of the Gi family, and not Gs, Gq, G12, or G13. We additionally established that Edg-1 activates Gi in response not only to S1P but also sphingosylphosphorylcholine; no effects of lysophosphatidic acid through Edg-1 were evident. Our assays further revealed a receptor(s) for S1P endogenous to HEK293 cells that mediates activation of G13 as well as Gi. Because several of the biological actions of S1P are assumed to proceed through the ...
S1P3 Lysophospholipid Receptor Assay (S1P3R) from Innoprot provides the analysis of both signalling pathways involving S1P3R activation; G Protein by the analysis of Gi/Go activation and also β-arrestin recruitment using Nomad multiplex technology. When an agonist binds to S1P3R, it activates Gi/Go, which in turn, triggers a cellular response involving PKA activation. In this assay…. ...
This gene is a member of the endothelial differentiation, G-protein-coupled (EDG) receptor gene family. EDG receptors bind lysophospholipids or lysosphingolipids as ligands, and are involved in cell signalling in many different cell types. This EDG receptor gene is intronless and is specifically expressed in the lymphoid tissue.[1] ...
RecName: Full=Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3; Short=S1P receptor 3; Short=S1P3;AltName: Full=Endothelial differentiation G-protein coupled receptor 3;AltName: Full=Lysophospholipid receptor B3;AltName: Full=Sphingosine 1-phosphate rece ...
FUNCTION: This gene encodes a member of the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. The encoded protein is a receptor for the lysophospholipid sphingosine 1-phosphate. The gene product functions in endothelial cells and is involved in vascular and heart development. The gene product mediates HDL and HDL-associated lysophospholipid-induced vasorelaxation, and it coordinates with other lysophospholipid receptors in the process of angiogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010 ...
The EDG (endothelial differentiation gene) family of G protein coupled receptors consists of eight family members that bind lysophospholipid (LPL)…
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A synthetic chemistry focused on LPL receptors is currently underway, but there are very few defining ligands at present. For both LPA and S1P, the addition of a head group (e.g., choline) to form a phosphate diester or the replacement of the phosphate with an alcohol result in decreases in potency of several log orders (for review, seeLynch and Macdonald, 2001). Conversely, the degree of saturation of the alkyl moiety of either ligand has little effect on potency, that is dihydro S1P is equipotent to S1P and 16:0 LPA is equipotent to 18:1 LPA-with the important exception of the LPA3receptor, which has a pronounced preference for unsaturated LPAs (Bandoh et al., 1999; Im et al., 2000b). Recently, two LPA receptor antagonists have been described. The first is di-octyl glycerol pyrophosphate, which is a competitive antagonist of the LPA3 receptor with a reportedK i of 100 nM (Fisher et al., 2001). The second, which is an N-oleoyl ethanolamide phosphate that is substituted at the second carbon with ...
The TSRI team focused on a family of receptors for a fatty lipid molecule called sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) that is produced by platelets those flat, circulating, molecule-filled protoplasmic disks in the blood that are necessary for clotting and by a variety of tissue cells. Sphingosine 1-phosphate acts on a family of receptors called the S1P receptors or the edg receptors, originally defined as endothelial differentiation genes. S1P is produced by endothelial cells and other cells at sites in the body where there is inflammation and where there are inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha, for instance. S1P lipids activate the S1P receptors and regulate a range of physiological functions that include cardiovascular function and blood pressure. Rosen and his colleagues previously showed that S1P receptors can also control the recirculation of lymphocytes, a mechanism which was never understood before. Furthermore, they found that either S1P lipids or synthetic chemical ...
The TSRI team focused on a family of receptors for a fatty lipid molecule called sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) that is produced by platelets those flat, circulating, molecule-filled protoplasmic disks in the blood that are necessary for clotting and by a variety of tissue cells. Sphingosine 1-phosphate acts on a family of receptors called the S1P receptors or the edg receptors, originally defined as endothelial differentiation genes. S1P is produced by endothelial cells and other cells at sites in the body where there is inflammation and where there are inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha, for instance. S1P lipids activate the S1P receptors and regulate a range of physiological functions that include cardiovascular function and blood pressure. Rosen and his colleagues previously showed that S1P receptors can also control the recirculation of lymphocytes, a mechanism which was never understood before. Furthermore, they found that either S1P lipids or synthetic chemical ...
This gene is a member of the endothelial differentiation, G-protein-coupled (EDG)) receptor gene family. EDG receptors bind lysophospholipids or lysosphingolipids as liga
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The serum-derived lipid growth factors, lysophosphatidate (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), activate cells selectively through different members of a family of endothelial differentiation gene (EDG) receptors. Activation of EDG receptors by LPA and S1P provides a variety of signalling cascades depending upon the G-protein coupling of the different EDG receptors. This leads to chemotactic and mitogenic responses, which are important in wound healing. For example, LPA stimulates fibroblast division and S1P stimulates the chemotaxis and division of endothelial cells leading to angiogenesis. Counteracting these effects of LPA and S1P, are the actions of lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPP, or phosphatidate phosphohydrolases, Type 2). The isoform LPP-1 is expressed in the plasma membrane with its active site outside the cell. This enzyme is responsible for ecto-phosphatase activity leading to the degradation of exogenous lipid phosphate mediators, particularly LPA. Expression of LPP-1 ...
Looking for online definition of Endothelial differentiation G protein coupled receptor 6 in the Medical Dictionary? Endothelial differentiation G protein coupled receptor 6 explanation free. What is Endothelial differentiation G protein coupled receptor 6? Meaning of Endothelial differentiation G protein coupled receptor 6 medical term. What does Endothelial differentiation G protein coupled receptor 6 mean?
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P receptor 1 or S1P1), also known as endothelial differentiation gene 1 (EDG1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the S1PR1 gene. S1PR1 is a G-protein-coupled receptor which binds the bioactive signaling molecule sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). S1PR1 belongs to a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subfamily comprising five members (S1PR1-5). S1PR1 was originally identified as an abundant transcript in endothelial cells and it has an important role in regulating endothelial cell cytoskeletal structure, migration, capillary-like network formation and vascular maturation. In addition, S1PR1 signaling is important in the regulation of lymphocyte maturation, migration and trafficking. S1PR1 like the other members of the GPCR family is composed of seven-transmembrane helices arranged in a structurally conserved bundle. As well as the other GPCRs, in the extracellular region S1PR1 is composed of three loops: ECL1 between helices II and III, ECL2 between helices ...
NATURE MEDICINE VOLUME 10 | NUMBER 2 | FEBRUARY 2004 131 activator protein-1, leading to the expression of multiple inflammatory proteins that amplify the inflammatory response. In response to several stimuli, ceramide also induces apoptosis, apparently by activating caspases and inducing clustering of death receptors in the cell membrane5. As if that were not enough, ceramide also has a powerful metabolite, sphingosine 1phosphate (S1P)5. Within cells, S1P can mediate the actions of various intracellular kinases and phosphatases. Extracellular S1P can interact with endothelial differentiation gene Gprotein-coupled receptors, which are highly expressed on endothelial cells and activate multiple signal transduction pathways. S1P can also stimulate the release of PAF from endothelial cells6. Several studies implicate sphingomyelin hydrolysis in acute lung injury, as a mediator of stimulatory factors such as TNF-α, Fas/Apo ligand, acid and ionizing radiation. Lung cells express high levels of sphingolipid
J:165754 Watanabe T, Koibuchi N, Chin MT, Transcription factor CHF1/Hey2 regulates coronary vascular maturation. Mech Dev. 2010 Sep-Dec;127(9-12):418-27 ...
Amankwah EK, Kelemen LE, Wang Q, Song H, Chenevix-Trench G, Beesley J, Webb PM, Pearce CL, Wu AH, Pike MC et al.. 2011. Prostate cancer susceptibility polymorphism rs2660753 is not associated with invasive ovarian cancer.. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 20(5):1028-31. Abstract ...
Fingolimod (FTY720) is the first of a novel class: sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator and is currently in phase 3 clinical trials for multiple sclerosis (MS). FTY720 was first synthesized in 1992 by chemical modification of an immunosuppressive natural product, ISP-I (myriocin). ISP-I …
The induction of angiogenesis in solid tumors initiates with the stimulation of proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. A pivotal role has been implicated for VEGF and its receptors in these early stages of vascular sprouting (26) . However, recent studies suggested that the role of VEGF is not completed with the establishment of a primary endothelial plexus and the initiation of perfusion. In fact, VEGF is essential for maintaining the viability and functionality of endothelial cells in these immature vessels, and acute withdrawal of VEGF results in endothelial programmed cell death and vascular collapse, as reported previously (2 , 3 , 10 , 17) and shown here.. Stabilization of the vascular bed is achieved by recruitment of pericytes and smooth muscle cells. Vascular maturation has long been recognized as an integral component of angiogenesis (5 , 27) . Some of the molecular signals that can promote vascular maturation have been revealed recently. For example, platelet-derived growth ...
Akt kinases control essential cellular functions, including proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism and transcription, and have been proposed as promising targets for treatment of angiogenesis-dependent pathologies, such as cancer and ischemic injury. But their precise roles in neovascularization remai …
Bazongo Albert2017-10-262019-12-31http://edg3.lifeqode.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/edg3-logo-4.pngEDG3http://edg3.lifeqode.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/edg3-logo-4.png200px200px ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Ryanodine receptor S2808 phosphorylation in heart failure. T2 - Smoking gun or red herring. AU - Bers, Donald M. PY - 2012/3/16. Y1 - 2012/3/16. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84858652117&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84858652117&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.265579. DO - 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.265579. M3 - Article. C2 - 22427320. AN - SCOPUS:84858652117. VL - 110. SP - 796. EP - 799. JO - Circulation Research. JF - Circulation Research. SN - 0009-7330. IS - 6. ER - ...
Following the early release of the new NHS Steroid Emergency Card back in March to keep patients with Addisons or adrenal insufficiency safe during the COVID-19 crisis, the NHS steroid card has been updated and physical copies will be available to order from Tuesday 18th August 2020 for hospital teams!
Introduction: Fingolimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist, is used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and exerts anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties.. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor activation with fingolimod during circulatory arrest inhibits apoptosis and inflammation leading to increased myocardial and cerebral functions after reperfusion with extracorporeal life support (ECLS).. Methods and Results: Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced in male Wistar rats. After 10 min of untreated VF, veno-arterial ECLS was instituted for 60 minutes. At the beginning of ECLS animals randomly received fingolimod or saline (control). Restoration of spontaneus circulation and 24 hours survival were higher in rats that received fingolimod (p = 0.03). Fingolimod treatment activated the cardioprotective reperfusion injury salvage kinase and survivor activating factor enhancement pathways leading to decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and reduced ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Functional comparisons of the lysophosphatidic acid receptors, LP(A)1/VZG-1/EDG-2, LP(A)2/EDG-4, and LP(A)3/EDG-7 in neuronal cell lines using a retrovirus expression system. AU - Ishii, Isao. AU - Contos, James J.A.. AU - Fukushima, Nobuyuki. AU - Chun, Jerold. PY - 2000/1/1. Y1 - 2000/1/1. N2 - Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a potent lipid mediator with diverse physiological actions on a wide variety of cells and tissues. Three cognate G-protein-coupled receptors have been identified as mammalian LPA receptors: LP(A)1/VZG-1/EDG-2, LP(A)2/EDG-4, and LP(A)3/EDG-7. The mouse forms of these genes were analyzed in rodent cell lines derived from nervous system cells that can express these receptors functionally. An efficient retrovirus expression system was used, and each receptor was heterologously expressed in B103 rat neuroblastoma cells that neither express these receptors nor respond to LPA in all assays tested. Comparative analyses of signaling pathways that are activated ...
Background: Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) is a biophospholipid with antiapoptotic properties. Previous experiments suggest protective effects of S1P receptor (S1P-R) agonism against ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury in several organs, and also in cardiomyocyte cell culture. Fingolimod (FIN) is the only S1P-R agonist FDA-approved for clinical use in multiple sclerosis. The objective of our study was to determine if S1P-R activation by FIN during ischemia increases myocardial salvage, reduces myocardial infarction (MI) size, and mitigates left ventricular (LV) remodeling in a porcine model of I-R.. Methods: Acute MI was induced in 14 pigs by balloon occlusion of the proximal LAD for 60 min, followed by reperfusion. Animals randomly received FIN 15 minutes prior to reperfusion and then daily for the next 3 days, or saline for controls. Animals were evaluated with cardiac MRI and 3D-echo at 1 week and 1 month post MI. Histology and Western blot analysis were performed after 1 month.. Results: One ...
Acyltransferase which contributes to the regulation of free arachidonic acid (AA) in the cell through the remodeling of phospholipids. Mediates the conversion of lysophosphatidylinositol (1-acylglycerophosphatidylinositol or LPI) into phosphatidylinositol (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol or PI) (LPIAT activity). Prefers arachidonoyl-CoA as the acyl donor. Lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs) catalyze the reacylation step of the phospholipid remodeling pathway also known as the Lands cycle. Required for cortical lamination during brain development (By similarity).
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Autotaxin hydrolyzes sphingosylphosphorylcholine to produce the regulator of migration, sphingosine-1-phosphate. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
Reagents, Tools and Custom Services for molecular biology, specializing in the fields of Nano-Antibody development (nAb), Cellular Reprogramming (iPSC), Genome Editing, Fluorescent Proteins, RNAi, Viral Packaging and Protein expression.
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Researchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago report that adding a lysophospholipid form of EPA (LPC-EPA) to the diet can increase levels of EPA in the
TY - JOUR. T1 - Sphingosine 1-phosphate stimulation of the p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in airway smooth muscle. Role of endothelial differentiation gene 1, c-Src tyrosine kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. AU - Rakhit, S. AU - Conway, A M. AU - Tate, R. AU - Bower, T. AU - Pyne, N J. AU - Pyne, S. PY - 1999/3/15. Y1 - 1999/3/15. N2 - We report here that cultured airway smooth muscle cells contain transcripts of endothelial differentiation gene 1 (EDG-1), a prototypical orphan Gi-coupled receptor whose natural ligand is sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). This is consistent with data that showed that S1P activated both c-Src and p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p42/p44 MAPK) in a pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive manner in these cells. An essential role for c-Src was confirmed by using the c-Src inhibitor, PP1, which markedly decreased p42/p44 MAPK activation. We have also shown that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K) inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002) decreased p42/p44 ...
The budding yeast ALE1 gene encodes a lysophospholipid acyltransferase (LPLAT) with broad specificity. We show that yeast LPLAT (ScLPLAT) belongs to a distinct protein family that includes human MBOAT1, MBOAT2, MBOAT4, and several closely related proteins from other eukaryotes. We further show that two plant proteins within this family, the Arabidopsis proteins AtLPLAT1 and AtLPLAT2, possess lysophospholipid acyltransferase activities similar to ScLPLAT. We propose that other members of this protein family, which we refer to as the LPLAT family, also are likely to possess LPLAT activity. Finally, we show that ScLPLAT differs from the specific lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase that is encoded by SLC1 in that it cannot efficiently use lysophosphatidic acid produced by acylation of glycerol-3-phosphate in vitro.. ...
Description: Blood lymphocyte numbers, essential for the development of efficient immune responses, are maintained by recirculation through secondary lymphoid organs. We show that lymphocyte trafficking is altered by the lysophospholipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and by a phosphoryl metabolite of the immunosuppressive agent FTY720. Both species were high-affinity agonists of at least four of the five S1P receptors. These agonists produce lymphopenia in blood and thoracic duct lymph by sequestration of lymphocytes in lymph nodes, but not spleen. S1P receptor agonists induced emptying of lymphoid sinuses by retention of lymphocytes on the abluminal side of sinus-lining endothelium and inhibition of egress into lymph. Inhibition of lymphocyte recirculation by activation of S1P receptors may result in therapeutically useful immunosuppression. ...
Human neutrophils, when exposed to soluble stimuli, aggregate, release oxygenated products of arachidonic acid and generate active oxygen species. Sphingolipid-derived products such as sphingosine and lysosphingolipids have been shown to exert selective actions on a variety of cell types, including neutrophils. Therefore, to determine the structural basis for selective inhibition of neutrophil responses by naturally occurring sphingolipids, seven compounds were prepared by total organic synthesis, and their impact on neutrophils in suspension has been studied. The compounds synthesized included sphingosine, psychosine, lactosyl lysosphingolipid, globotriaosyl (Gb3) lysosphingolipid, galactosyl cerebroside, lactosyl ceramide and Gb3 ceramide. The neutrophil responses studied were aggregation, leukotriene generation and superoxide anion production. When exposed to non-cytotoxic levels of the synthetic compounds, as monitored by exclusion of Trypan Blue, none of the synthetic sphingolipids ...
Fingolimod, a novel sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist, is indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsing- remitting multiple sclerosis. In clinical trials, oral fingolimod was more...
This calculator will calculate the Density Altitude (DA) from the given weather conditions for your drag racing runs.. You can enter in the data manually if you have it ready, or you can choose the track and date of the drag racing ...
Displays acyl-CoA-dependent lysophospholipid acyltransferase activity with a subset of lysophospholipids as substrates; converts lysophosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine to phosphatidycholine, 1-alkenyl-lysophatidylethanolamine to 1-alkenyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylglycerol and alkyl-lysophosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylglycerol and alkyl-phosphatidylcholine, respectively. In contrast, has no lysophosphatidylinositol, glycerol-3-phosphate, diacylglycerol or lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase activity. Prefers long chain acyl-CoAs (C16, C18) as acyl donors ...
Related Transcriptional Enhancer Factor-1 (RTEF-1) has been suggested to induce angiogenesis through regulating target genes. Whether RTEF-1 has a direct role in angiogenesis and what specific genes are involved in RTEF-1 driven angiogenisis have not been elucidated. We found that over-expressing RTEF-1 in Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells-1 (HMEC-1) significantly increased endothelial cell aggregation, growth and migration while the processes were inhibited by siRNA of RTEF-1. In addition, we observed that Endothelial differentiation gene-1 (Edg-1) expression was up-regulated by RTEF-1 at the transcriptional level. RTEF-1 could bind to Edg-1 promoter and subsequently induce its activity. Edg-1 siRNA significantly blocked RTEF-1-driven increases in endothelial cell aggregation in a Matrigel assay and retarded RTEF-1-induced endothelial cell growth and migration. Pertussis Toxin (PTX), a Gi/Go protein sensitive inhibitor, was found to inhibit RTEF-1 driven endothelial cell aggregation ...
Sigma-1 receptors (S1Rs) are overexpressed in almost all human cancers, especially in breast cancers. 1-(4-Iodophenyl)-3-(2-adamantyl)guanidine (IPAG) is a
The lollipop plot above illustrates recurrent (observed in 3 or more out of 4440 TCGA tumor samples from 15 cancer types) and therefore potentially oncogenic missense mutations (click on Show Cancer Mutations). The bar plot below shows the proportion of tumor samples that have any kind of altering mutation(s) in the given protein. ...
Autotaxin, also known as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 (E-NPP 2), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ENPP2 gene. Autotaxin, also known as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 (NPP2 or ENPP2), is a secreted enzyme important for generating the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Autotaxin has lysophospholipase D activity that converts lysophosphatidylcholine into LPA. Autotaxin was originally identified as a tumor cell-motility-stimulating factor; later it was shown to be LPA (which signals through lysophospholipid receptors), the lipid product of the reaction catalyzed by autotaxin, which is responsible for its effects on cell-proliferation. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a phosphodiesterase. Autotaxin is secreted and further processed to make the biologically active form. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. Autotaxin is able to cleave the phosphodiester bond between ...
Displays acyl-CoA-dependent lysophospholipid acyltransferase activity with a subset of lysophospholipids as substrates; converts lysophosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylethanolamine, 1-alkenyl-lysophatidylethanolamine to 1-alkenyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylglycerol and alkyl-lysophosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylglycerol and alkyl-phosphatidylcholine, respectively. In contrast, has no lysophosphatidylinositol, glycerol-3-phosphate, diacylglycerol or lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase activity. Prefers long chain acyl-CoAs (C16, C18) as acyl donors (By similarity). Converts lysophosphatidylcholine to phosphatidycholine.
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Shaifta, Y., Snetkov, V. A., Prieto-Lloret, J., Knock, G. A., Smirnov, S. V., Aaronson, P. I. and Ward, J. P. T., 2015. Sphingosylphosphorylcholine potentiates vasoreactivity and voltage-gated Ca2+ entry via NOX1 and reactive oxygen species. Cardiovascular Research ...
Proposed function of afadin in the VEGF or S1P receptor signaling during AG. In HUVECs, activated Rap1 (by still unknown mechanism) binds and recruits afadin to
Sphingosine kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SPHK1 gene. Sphingosine kinase 1 phosphorylates sphingosine to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) SK1 is normally a cytosolic protein but is recruited to membranes rich in phosphatidate (PA), a product of Phospholipase D (PLD ...
A Spingosine-1-phosphate Receptor-2 (S1pr2) knockout mouse.. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a sphingolipid metabolite, activates cell signaling by interacting with a family of G-protein-coupled cell-surface S1P receptors that activate different and overlapping signaling pathways. Three S1P receptors (S1P1, S1P2 and S1P3) are abundant in embryonic endothelial cells. S1P1 knockouts are embryonic lethals because of hemorrhage. S1P2 null mice did not exhibit embryonic lethality or phenotypic abnormalities. However, double null embryos (S1P1 S1P2 and S1P2 S1P3), and triple null embryos (S1P1 S1P2 S1P3) displayed a more severe vascular phenotype than did S1P1 null embryos, suggesting cooperative functions of the three S1P receptors.. ...
Goetzl EJ, Dolezalova H, Kong Y et al. (1999). Distinctive expression and functions of the type 4 endothelial differentiation gene-encoded G protein-coupled receptor for lysophosphatidic acid in ovarian cancer.. Cancer Res. 59 (20): 5370-5. PMID 10537322. CS1 održavanje: Eksplicitna upotreba et al. (link) ...