In this study, we provide biological mechanisms implicated in LTB4-mediated antiviral activity against in vivo as well as in vitro infection with influenza virus. We also demonstrate the potential implication of neutrophil secretion of antimicrobial peptides such as β-defensins, mEARs and CRAMP in a mouse model of infection and human LL-37 and EDN in such activity. These LTB4-mediated neutrophil activities also involve the high-affinity LTB4 receptor, BLT1.. This study clearly shows that administration of leukotriene B4 in mice infected with influenza virus helps controlling viral infection via the triggering of BLT1R receptor. The antiviral action mediated by LTB4 seems to involve the secretion of antimicrobial peptides in lung tissue. We demonstrated that neutrophils leave the bloodstream to mobilize in the infected tissue (in this case the lung) following LTB4 administration. These neutrophils are believed to secrete peptides known to possess antiviral properties such as defensins, CRAMP, ...

In this study, we provide biological mechanisms implicated in LTB4-mediated antiviral activity against in vivo as well as in vitro infection with influenza virus. We also demonstrate the potential implication of neutrophil secretion of antimicrobial peptides such as β-defensins, mEARs and CRAMP in a mouse model of infection and human LL-37 and EDN in such activity. These LTB4-mediated neutrophil activities also involve the high-affinity LTB4 receptor, BLT1.. This study clearly shows that administration of leukotriene B4 in mice infected with influenza virus helps controlling viral infection via the triggering of BLT1R receptor. The antiviral action mediated by LTB4 seems to involve the secretion of antimicrobial peptides in lung tissue. We demonstrated that neutrophils leave the bloodstream to mobilize in the infected tissue (in this case the lung) following LTB4 administration. These neutrophils are believed to secrete peptides known to possess antiviral properties such as defensins, CRAMP, ...

As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Generation of leukotriene B4 and C4 from granulocytes of normal controls, allergic rhinitis, and asthmatic subjects. AU - Kohi, F.. AU - Miyagawa, H.. AU - Agrawal, Devendra K.. AU - Bewtra, Againdra K.. AU - Townley, R. G.. PY - 1990. Y1 - 1990. N2 - We determined the relationship of allergic disease to the number and activity of eosinophils and their production of leukotriene B4 and leukotriene C4 (leukotriene D4 equivalents). Granulocytes from allergic rhinitis (AR) subjects and asthmatics release more LTC4 than normals. Furthermore, eosinophils of astmatics generate more LTC4 than those of AR subjects.. AB - We determined the relationship of allergic disease to the number and activity of eosinophils and their production of leukotriene B4 and leukotriene C4 (leukotriene D4 equivalents). Granulocytes from allergic rhinitis (AR) subjects and asthmatics release more LTC4 than normals. Furthermore, eosinophils of astmatics generate more LTC4 than those of AR subjects.. UR - ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Generation of leukotriene B4 and C4 from granulocytes of normal controls, allergic rhinitis, and asthmatic subjects. AU - Kohi, F.. AU - Miyagawa, H.. AU - Agrawal, D. K.. AU - Bewtra, A. K.. AU - Townley, R. G.. PY - 1990/1/1. Y1 - 1990/1/1. N2 - We determined the relationship of allergic disease to the number and activity of eosinophils and their production of leukotriene B4 and leukotriene C4 (leukotriene D4 equivalents). Granulocytes from allergic rhinitis (AR) subjects and asthmatics release more LTC4 than normals. Furthermore, eosinophils of astmatics generate more LTC4 than those of AR subjects.. AB - We determined the relationship of allergic disease to the number and activity of eosinophils and their production of leukotriene B4 and leukotriene C4 (leukotriene D4 equivalents). Granulocytes from allergic rhinitis (AR) subjects and asthmatics release more LTC4 than normals. Furthermore, eosinophils of astmatics generate more LTC4 than those of AR subjects.. UR - ...

BioAssay record AID 102295 submitted by ChEMBL: Inhibition of [3H]LTB4 binding to Leukotriene B4 receptor in the guinea pig spleen membranes at a dose of 10 uM.

leukotriene B4 71160-24-2 MSDS report, leukotriene B4 MSDS safety technical specifications search, leukotriene B4 safety information specifications ect.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Role of the BLT2, a leukotriene B4 receptor, in Ras transformation. AU - Yoo, Min Hyuk. AU - Song, Haiwon. AU - Woo, Chang Hoon. AU - Kim, HeungGyu. AU - Kim, Jae-Hong. PY - 2004/12/9. Y1 - 2004/12/9. N2 - Oncogenic Ras is known to drive both the Rac and Raf-MAP-kinase pathways, which act in concert to cause cell transformation. Unlike the Raf-MAP-kinase cascade, however, the downstream elements of Rac pathway are not fully understood. Previously, we showed that cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and subsequent metabolism of arachidonic acid act downstream of Rac to mediate the transformation signaling induced by Ha-RasV12. In the present study, we observed that leukotriene B4 (LTB 4) and its synthetic enzymes as well as BLT2, the low-affinity LTB4 receptor, are all elevated in Ha-RasV12-transformed cells. In addition, the malignant phenotypes of Ras-transformed cells were markedly inhibited by BLT2 blockade, as was their tumorigenicity in vivo. Finally, in situ hybridization ...

Of the three types of leukocytes recruited, neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages, the most striking difference between BLTR−/− and wild-type mice occurred in eosinophil recruitment (Fig. 5 A). Neither group had substantial numbers of peritoneal eosinophils at baseline or 4 h after thioglycollate instillation. Peak numbers of eosinophils were seen in both groups at 48 h, but BLTR−/− mice recruited only 33% as many eosinophils to the inflamed peritoneum as wild-type mice at this time point (P , 0.005). Numbers of peritoneal eosinophils declined in both groups at 96 h, but BLTR−/− mice continued to have significantly fewer of these cells. At 96 h, BLTR−/− mice had only 20% as many eosinophils recovered from the peritoneal cavity as wild-type mice (P , 0.01).. Although the numbers of peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages appeared lower in the BLTR−/− mice at some time points, the differences from wild type did not reach statistical significance for either of these cell ...

LTB4R2 - LTB4R2 (GFP-tagged) - Human leukotriene B4 receptor 2 (LTB4R2), transcript variant 2 available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.

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SWISS-MODEL Template Library (SMTL) entry for 2y05.2. Crystal structure of human leukotriene B4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase in complex with NADP and raloxifene

Fig. 4 Enhanced phosphorylation of BLT1 by sequential exposure to increasing concentrations of LTB4.. (A) Intracellular [Ca2+] in HeLa cells expressing HA-BLT1/0N that were pretreated with 10 nM LTB4 or vehicle before being stimulated with 100 nM LTB4. The response to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was included as a positive control. (B) HeLa cells expressing HA-BLT1/0N were stimulated with LTB4 as indicated. Membrane fractions were subjected to Phos-tag SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting for HA. WCLs were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting for ERK1/2 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2). β-Actin is an experimental and loading control. (C) RBL-2H3, CHO-K1, and Ba/F3 cells expressing HA-BLT1/0N were stimulated with LTB4 as indicated. Membrane fractions were separated by Phos-tag SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted for HA. (D) HeLa cells expressing HA-BLT1/0N were stimulated with LTB4 in the presence or absence of 100 nM CP105696 (CP) or ZK158252 (ZK). Membrane fractions were separated by Phos-tag SDS-PAGE ...

TSPO (Translocator 18KDa; tryptophan-rich sensory protein oxygen sensor) is a constitutive outer mitochondrial membrane protein overexpressed in inflammatory cells during local or systemic processes. Despite its expression is characterized, role of TSPO in inflammation remains elusive. For this study, we investigated the role of TSPO ligands on neutrophil functions elicited by two different inflammatory pathways. Peritoneal neutrophils were isolated from male Balb-C mice, treated with TSPO ligand diazepam, Ro5-4864 or PK11195 (1,100 or 1000nM; 2 hours) and further stimulated with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli (LPS), a binding for Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR4), or leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) ligand. LPS treatment did not lead to overexpression of TSPO on neutrophils, and pre-treatment with any TSPO ligand did not alter cytokine expression, adhesion molecule expression, or the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species caused by LPS stimulation. Conversely,

Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)

The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990 ...

Blt_Tree(3) Blt Library Procedures Blt_Tree(3) ______________________________________________________________________________ NAME Blt_Tree - Tree data object. SYNOPSIS #include ,bltTree.h, struct Blt_Tree { Tcl_Alloc(size) Tcl_Free(ptr) char * Tcl_Realloc(ptr, size) ARGUMENTS int size (in) Size in bytes of the memory block to allocate. char *ptr (in) Pointer to memory block to free or realloc. _________________________________________________________________ DESCRIPTION These procedures provide a platform and compiler independent interface for memory allocation. Programs that need to transfer ownership of memory blocks between Tcl and other modules should use these routines rather than the native malloc() and free() routines provided by the C run-time library. Tcl_Alloc returns a pointer to a block of at least size bytes suitably aligned for any use. Tcl_Free makes the space referred to by ptr available for further allo- cation. Tcl_Realloc changes the size of the block pointed to by ptr to ...

BLT System - Wholesale Blood Lab Testing Service -Website Terms and Conditions of Use. Updated November 1, 2015. Terms of Use and Legal Restrictions. Welcome to the BLT System - Wholesale Blood Lab Testing Service website located at http://www.mcssl.com/store/bltsystem (website or site) an online information and communications service owned and provided by BLT System and Healing Choices Inc. (BLT System or We or Us). Use of this website and all sites linked to http://www.mcssl.com/store/bltsystem is subject to your agreement with all of these terms and conditions (agreement, terms and conditions, terms of use). BLT System may modify these terms and conditions at any time in its sole discretion, and such modifications shall be effective immediately upon posting the modified terms and conditions on the site. You agree to review the agreement periodically to be aware of such modifications. Accessing or using the site constitutes your acceptance of the agreement as it appears at the ...

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BioAssay record AID 101434 submitted by ChEMBL: Inhibition of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) binding to its receptor on intact human neutrophils.

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate inhibits binding of leukotriene B4 and platelet-activating factor and the responses they induce in neutrophils: site of action. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Aug; 86(15):5791-4 ...

Homozygous mice for this leukotriene B4 receptor (|i|Ltb4r1|/i|, commonly referred to as BLTR) knock-out exhibit substantially diminished recruitment of eosinophils, effector T cells, and neutrophil; and may be useful for studying leukocyte function in inflammation, as well as the role of the LTB4-BLT1 pathway linking early immune system activation and multiple classes of acquired immune effector cells.

Spurred in part by the recommendation of a professor when working as an obstetrician and gynecologist, Prof. Yokomizo started research under Prof. Takao Shimizu, a leading expert in prostaglandin research. Initially his research focused on lipid metabolizing enzymes and then progressed to the mechanism of action of bioactive lipids. He then decided to challenge himself to do research into receptors during the preparation period for his overseas study. Since the research was to be done in such a short time before his overseas study, he attempted cloning of BLT1 cDNA using an unconventional method, a cDNA subtraction, and as a result, he discovered the gene for the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor(1). LTB4 had been known to act as a potent chemotactic factor for neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages, but nobody had succeeded in identifying its receptor until his discovery. During a bacterial infection, neutrophils usually gather at the site of infection (known as swarming). Knocking out BLT1 ...

Leukotriene B4 production by blood neutrophils in allergic rhinitis-effects of cetirizine (pages 729-736). S. CHERIA-SAMMARI, R. ALOUI, F. GORMAND, B. CHABANNES, H. GALLET, M. GROSCLAUDE, M. MELAC, J. P. RIHOUX, M. PERRIN-FAYOLLE, M. LAGARDE and Y. PACHECO. Version of Record online: 27 APR 2006 , DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb00010.x. ...

Calories in Wawa Cold Shortis Toasted Blt Roll based on the calories, fat, protein, carbs and other nutrition information submitted for Wawa Cold Shortis Toasted Blt Roll.

Summary of LTB4R (BLTR, CMKRL1, GPR16, LTB4R1, P2RY7, P2Y7) expression in human tissue. Membranous and cytoplasmic expression in immune cells in several tissues.

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This series of Zener diodes is offered in the convenient, surface mount plastic SOT-23 package. These devices are designed to provide voltage regulation with

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Free Essay: Marxism Within Black Theology of Liberation. This study seeks to expose the ways in which Black Theology of Liberation was shaped by Marxism...

The regulation of CD11b integrin levels on human blood leukocytes and leukotriene B4-stimulated skin by a specific leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist (LY293111 ...

The early signalling events that may ultimately contribute to the assembly and subsequent activation of the NADPH oxidase in guinea-pig peritoneal eosinophils were investigated in response to leukotriene B4 (LTB4). LTB4 promoted a rapid, transient and receptor-mediated increase in the rate of H2O2 generation that was potentiated by R 59 022, a diradylglycerol (DRG) kinase inhibitor, implicating protein kinase C (PKC) in the genesis of this response. This conclusion was supported by the finding that the PKC inhibitor, Ro 31-8220, attenuated (by about 30%) the peak rate of LTB4-induced H2O2 generation under conditions where the same response evoked by 4 beta-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) was inhibited by more than 90%. Paradoxically, Ro 31-8220 doubled the amount of H2O2 produced by LTB4 which may relate to the ability of PKC to inhibit cell signalling through phospholipase C (PLC). Indeed, Ro 31-8220 significantly enhanced LTB4-induced Ins(1,4,5)P3 accumulation and the duration of the Ca2+ ...

These findings point to a role of LTB4 in atherosclerosis and intimal hyperplasia, by identifying the vascular SMC as targets for this potent chemotactic molecule. The expression of the human BLT1 receptor on vascular SMC was demonstrated by immunohistochemical stainings of arterial samples, as well as in cultured human coronary SMC by Western blotting and RT-PCR. Together, these findings provide evidence that human vascular SMC express BLT1 receptors in vivo as well as in vitro, and they suggest that these cells may represent an additional target for LTB4.. Patch-clamp analysis and functional studies of SMC clarified that BLT1 receptors transduce a signal that leads to important functional responses in human vascular SMC. Membrane currents in human coronary artery SMC were increased significantly in the presence of either LTB4 or the selective BLT1 receptor partial agonist U75302. Also, another characteristic pharmacological feature of the BLT1 receptor (namely, its rapid desensitization by an ...

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on ether bonds (ether hydrolases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-(5S,6S)-5,6-epoxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoate hydrolase. Other names in common use include LTA4 hydrolase, LTA4H, and leukotriene A4 hydrolase. This enzyme participates in arachidonic acid metabolism. ...

Periodontal disease is a local inflammatory disease initiated by bacteria characterized by neutrophil-mediated tissue injury followed by development of a chronic immune lesion. In this study, we report the treatment of established periodontitis using RvE1 as a monotherapy in rabbits compared with structurally related lipids PGE(2) and leukotriene B(4). PGE(2) and leukotriene B(4) each enhanced development of periodontitis and worsened the severity of disease ...

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.

leukotriene: Any of several lipid compounds that contain 20 carbon atoms, are related to prostaglandins, and mediate the inflammatory response.

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Expression of LTB4R (BLTR, CMKRL1, GPR16, LTB4R1, P2RY7, P2Y7) in oral mucosa tissue. Antibody staining with HPA003873 in immunohistochemistry.

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Leukotrienes (LTs) exist as two distinct classes, hydroxyacids (such as LTB4), and cysteinyl leukotrienes (such as LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4). Leukotriene receptors have been classified into BLT and CysLT types to signify this basic level of selectivity, but there is also heterogeneity within both classes. Thus, there are two subtypes of both BLT, termed BLT1 and BLT2, and CysLT, termed CysLT1 and CysLT2. There may also be further subdivision of CysLT receptors, but this remains to be confirmed. The classification into types and subtypes of LT receptor was based initially on functional data, using the natural agonists and a wide range of antagonists. While LTB4 may be regarded as a selective agonist at BLT receptors, and cysteinyl LTs are selective agonists at CysLT receptors, no subtype-selective agonist has been reported for BLT1 or either CysLT receptor. Furthermore, despite the availability of a plethora of antagonists at both BLT receptors and CysLT1 receptors, no selective antagonist has yet ...

5-oxo-6-trans-leukotriene B4 is the metabolite of lipid omega-oxidation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4). LTB4 is the major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Omega-oxidation is the major pathway for the catabolism of leukotriene B4 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Leukotrienes are metabolites of arachidonic acid derived from the action of 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase). The immediate product of 5-LO is LTA4 (leukotriene A4), which is enzymatically converted into either LTB4 (leukotriene B4) by LTA4 hydrolase or LTC4 (leukotriene C4) by LTC4 synthase. The regulation of leukotriene production occurs at various levels, including expression of 5-LO, translocation of 5-LO to the perinuclear region and phosphorylation to either enhance or inhibit the activity of 5-LO. Biologically active LTB4 is metabolized by w-oxidation carried out by specific cytochrome P450s (CYP4F) followed by beta-oxidation from the w-carboxy position and after CoA ester formation. (PMID: 7649996 , 17623009 , 2853166 , ...

Leukotriene A4 (LTA4) hydrolase [(7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-(5S,6S)-5,6-epoxyicosa-7, 9,11,14-tetraenoate hydrolase; EC 3.3.2.6] is a bifunctional zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of the potent chemotactic agent leukotriene B4 (LTB4). LTA4 hydrolase/aminopeptidase is suicide inactivated during catalysis via an apparently mechanism-based irreversible binding of LTA4 to the protein in a 1:1 stoichiometry. Previously, we have identified a henicosapeptide, encompassing residues Leu-365 to Lys-385 in human LTA4 hydrolase, which contains a site involved in the covalent binding of LTA4 to the native enzyme. To investigate the role of Tyr-378, a potential candidate for this binding site, we exchanged Tyr for Phe or Gln in two separate mutants. In addition, each of two adjacent and potentially reactive residues, Ser-379 and Ser-380, were exchanged for Ala. The mutated enzymes were expressed as (His)6-tagged fusion proteins in Escherichia coli, purified to apparent homogeneity, and

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Deregulation of the oxidative cascade of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been associated with several cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a metabolite of arachidonic acid (AA), is produced by B-CLL and contributes to their survival. The aim of the present study was to analyze the activity of the oxidative cascade of PUFAs in B-CLL. Purified B cells from patients and normal B CD5 positive cells were subjected to flow cytometry, Western-blot and RT-qPCR analyses. LTB4 plasma and intracellular concentrations were determined by ELISA. Our results showed that aggressive B-CLL tumor cells, i.e. cells with an annual proliferation index above 2, over-expressed calcium-dependent and calcium-independent phospholipases A2 (cPLA2-alpha and iPLA2-beta, respectively), 5-lipoxygenase (5LOX) and leukotriene A4 hydroxylase (LTA4H). Intracellular LTB4 levels were lower in the most aggressive cells than in cells with a smaller proliferation index, despite equivalent

LEUKOTRIENE A-4 HYDROLASE1h-indol-5-ol2-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-butyrylamino)-4-methyl-pentanoic Acid5-hydroxyindoleBestatinImidazoleYtterbium (iii) IonZinc Ion

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BLT-1 Purity & Documentation Hondrial range for cmVHL / hearts (Fig. 2S). cmVHL / mice build malignant cardiac tumors, a HIF1 -dependent phenotype. When

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