TY - JOUR. T1 - [ 123I]Epidepride neuroimaging of dopamine D 2/D 3 receptor in chronic MK-801-induced rat schizophrenia model. AU - Huang, Yuan Ruei. AU - Shih, Jun Ming. AU - Chang, Kang Wei. AU - Huang, Chieh. AU - Wu, Yu Lung. AU - Chen, Chia Chieh. PY - 2012/8/1. Y1 - 2012/8/1. N2 - Purpose: [ 123I]Epidepride is a radio-tracer with very high affinity for dopamine D 2/D 3 receptors in brain. The importance of alteration in dopamine D 2/D 3 receptor binding condition has been wildly verified in schizophrenia. In the present study we set up a rat schizophrenia model by chronic injection of a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, to examine if [ 123I]epidepride could be used to evaluate the alterations of dopamine D 2/D 3 receptor binding condition in specific brain regions. Method: Rats were given repeated injection of MK-801 (dissolved in saline, 0.3mg/kg) or saline for 1month. Afterwards, total distance traveled (cm) and social interaction changes were recorded. Radiochemical ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - D2-like dopamine receptors promote interactions between calcium and chloride channels that diminish rod synaptic transfer in the salamander retina. AU - Thoreson, Wallace B.. AU - Stella, Salvatore L.. AU - Bryson, Eric J.. AU - Clements, John. AU - Witkovsky, Paul. PY - 2002/5/1. Y1 - 2002/5/1. N2 - Activation of D2-like dopamine receptors in rods with quinpirole stimulates L-type calcium currents (ICa). This result appears inconsistent with studies showing that D2-like dopamine receptor activation diminishes rod signals in second-order retinal neurons. Since small reductions in [Cl-]i can inhibit photoreceptor ICa, we tested the hypothesis that enhancement of ICa, with the D2/D4 receptor agonist, quinpirole, increases calcium-activated chloride currents (ICl(Ca)) causing an efflux of Cl- from rods that would provide a negative feedback inhibition of ICa. In agreement with studies from Xenopus, quinpirole reduced rod input to second-order neurons of tiger salamander retina ...

In membrane preparations from rat striatum, where adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors are coexpressed, stimulation of adenosine A2A receptors was found to decrease the affinity of dopamine D2 receptors for dopamine agonists. We now demonstrate the existence of this antagonistic interaction in a fibroblast cell line (Ltk-) stably transfected with the human dopamine D2 (long-form) receptor and the dog adenosine A2A receptor cDNAs (A2A-D2 cells). In A2A-D2 cells, but not in control cells only containing dopamine D2 receptors (D2 cells), the selective adenosine A2A agonist 2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)-phenethylamino]-5-N-ethyl-carboxamido adenosine (CGS 21680) induced a 2-3-fold decrease in the affinity of dopamine D2 receptors for dopamine, as shown in competition experiments with dopamine versus the selective dopamine D2 antagonist [3H]raclopride. By contrast, activation of the constitutively expressed adenosine A2B receptors with 5-N-ethyl-carboxamidoadenosine (NECA) did not modify dopamine D2 ...

Dopamine D1-D5 receptor protein immunoreactivity was investigated in different sized pial, renal and mesenteric artery branches using immunohistochemical techniques and anti-dopamine D1-D5 receptor protein antibodies. Faint dopamine D1 receptor protein immunoreactivity was observed in smooth muscle of tunica media of pial, renal and mesenteric artery branches. Dopamine D2 receptor protein immunoreactivity was located in the adventitia and adventitia-media border of pial and renal artery branches and to a lesser extent of mesenteric artery branches. No dopamine D3 receptor protein immunoreactivity was observed in pial and mesenteric arteries. In renal arteries a moderate dopamine D3 receptor immunoreactivity was detectable in the adventitia and adventitia-media border. A strong dopamine D4 receptor protein immunoreactivity displaying the same localization of dopamine D2 receptor protein was observed in pial and mesenteric arteries, but not in renal artery branches. Moderate dopamine D5 receptor ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Application of quantitative RT-PCR to the analysis of dopamine receptor mRNA levels in rat striatum. AU - Vrana, Sheila L.. AU - Kluttz, Bryan W.. AU - Vrana, Kent E.. N1 - Funding Information: discussion. This work was supported by USPHS grants DA06634 (K.E.V.), T32DA-07246 (S.L.V.) and DA00230 (S.L.V.).. PY - 1995/12/1. Y1 - 1995/12/1. N2 - A quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedure has been developed which selectively amplifies and quantifies the two isoforms of the dopamine D2 receptor. Variability is corrected by the inclusion of a D2 dopamine receptor mRNA standard within each reaction. The internal standard was generated by introducing a point mutation within a D2 cDNA clone that created a unique restriction site within the amplified region. An in vitro transcribed RNA for the internal mutant control is added to the RNA isolated from brain tissue and the mixture is subjected to RT-PCR, digestion with the restriction enzyme, separation ...

A number of genetic polymorphisms are related to individual differences in cognitive performance. Striatal dopamine (DA) functions, associated with cognitive performance, are linked to the TaqIA polymorphism of the DRD2/ANKK1 gene. In humans, presence of an A1 allele of the DRD2/ANKK1-TaqIA polymorphism is related to reduced density of striatal DA D2 receptors. The resource-modulation hypothesis assumes that aging-related losses of neurochemical and structural brain resources modulate the extent to which genetic variations affect cognitive functioning. Here, we tested this hypothesis using functional MRI during long-term memory (LTM) updating in younger and older carriers and noncarriers of the A1-allele of the TaqIa polymorphism. We demonstrate that older A1-carriers have worse memory performance, specifically during LTM updating, compared to noncarriers. Moreover, A1-carriers exhibited less blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation in left caudate nucleus, a region critical to updating. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Novel interaction of the dopamine D2 receptor and the Ca 2+ binding protein S100B. T2 - Role in D2 receptor function. AU - Liu, Yong. AU - Buck, David C.. AU - Neve, Kim A.. PY - 2008/8/1. Y1 - 2008/8/1. N2 - S100B is a calcium-binding protein with both extracellular and intracellular regulatory activities in the mammalian brain. We have identified a novel interaction between S100B and the dopamine D2 receptor. Our results also suggest that the binding of S100B to the dopamine D2 receptor enhances receptor signaling. This conclusion is based on the following observations: 1) S100B and the third cytoplasmic loop of the dopamine D 2 receptor interact in a bacterial two-hybrid system and in a poly-histidine pull-down assay; 2) immunoprecipitation of the D2 receptor also precipitates FLAG-S100B from human embryonic kidney 293 cell homogenates and endogenous S100B from rat neostriatal homogenates; 3) S100B immuno-reactivity was detected in cultured neostriatal neurons expressing the ...

The selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist [3H](+)S 14297 ((+)-[7-(N,N-dipropylamino)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphtho(2,3b)dihydro,2,3- furane]), labelled to high specific activity (145 Ci/mmol), bound to cloned human dopamine D3 receptors but displayed negligible binding to cloned human D2 receptors. [3H](+)S 14297 exhibited rapid association and dissociation, high affinity saturable binding (Kd = 7.0 nM) and a competition binding profile highly correlated with that of [125I]iodosulpride (r = 0.98).. ...

RESULTS: T lymphocytes expressed all the five subtypes of dopamine receptor mRNAs, i.e., D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 receptors. SKF38393, an agonist of dopamine D1-like receptors (D1 and D5 receptors) only reduced the IFN-γ production, but did not significantly affect the proliferative response, IL-4 production, cAMP content or CREB activation of the lymphocytes. The SKF38393-induced decrease in IFN-γ level was blocked by the D1-like receptor antagonist SCH23390. Quinpirole, an agonist of dopamine D2-like receptors (D2, D3 and D4 receptors) attenuated the lymphocyte proliferation to Con A, and decreased the IFN-γ but increased the IL-4 production. Meanwhile, the quinpirole diminished the cAMP content and the phosphorylated CREB level in the lymphocytes. All the quinpirole-induced changes were reversed by dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist haloperidol ...

Human dopamine D3 receptor is a protein that is encoded by the dopamine receptor gene (DRD3).[2] The DRD3 gene codes for the D3 dopamine receptor that inhibits adenylyl cyclase through inhibitory G-proteins. G-protein coupled receptors are a family of transmembrane proteins that transmit chemical signals from outside the cell to cause changes inside of the cell. Adenylate cyclase is part of the G-protein receptors signaling and catalyze the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP).[3] The D3 receptor is located in the brain, suggesting that it plays a role in cognitive and emotional functions.[4] The human dopamine D3 receptor is membrane-bound and scattered in the cytoplasm. Receptor stimulation causes internalization of the receptors at the perinuclear areas. This is followed by the spreading of the receptors to the membrane. DRD3 is also contained in lipid rafts of renal proximal tubule cells.[5] ...

Increase the Dopamine D4 receptor density - posted in Brain Health: Ive read alot about how one can increase the Dopamine receptor density or activity (D2 and D3 mainly), but almost nothing about the Dopamine D4 receptor,,the thing is thats interesting to me is that the D4 receptor is said to be involved in higher cognitive processes, and that responsiveness to methylphenidate is dependant on D4 receptor density/function.So what i have in mind to ask is; Is it possible to increas...

Buy our Human Dopamine D2 Receptor peptide. Ab32347 is a blocking peptide for ab30743 and has been validated in BL. Abcam provides free protocols, tips and…

Companies active in research and development (those that paid for or performed R&D) employed 1.5 million R&D workers in the United States in 2013, according to the Business R&D and Innovation Survey (BRDIS). R&D employees are defined in BRDIS as all employees who work on R&D or who provide direct support to R&D. Although these R&D workers account for just over 1% of total business employment in the United States, they play a vital role in creating the new ideas and technologies that keep companies competitive, create new markets, and spur economic growth.

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Alterations in the dopamine system have been hypothesized as a predisposing factor in alcoholism. The presence of the TaqI A1 and B1 alleles adjacent to the dopamine D 2-receptor gene (DRD2) was studied in Scandinavian alcoholic inpatients (n = 74), alcoholics autopsied at a forensic clinic (n = 19) and controls (n = 81). There were no significant differences between controls and the alcoholics, but a tendency of increased DRD2 TaqI A1 or B1 allele frequencies in alcoholic groups selected for severity (i.e. severity according to DSM-III-R criteria, early onset or severe medical complications due to alcohol abuse) and decreased frequencies in the corresponding less severe alcoholic group. The present study does not yield evidence for the hypothesis of an association between the DRD2 TaqI A1 or B1 alleles and alcoholism ...

As shown in Figure 1, the key Smart R&D decision phases fall into five key areas: portfolio creation, portfolio management, core capability strategy, partner strategy and innovation balance. None of these concepts are new; the essence of Smart R&D is the use of these concepts in a concerted sequence on the path to market to drive principle-based decisions. I also include a decision to invest in Smart Lab technology - modeling, simulation and high throughput technology - in this set as it is a key approach to reducing the capacity imbalance.. It all begins where business strategy meets R&D strategy in portfolio creation and management (PCM). Poor PCM choices lead to many of the ills that can befall commercial R&D. This is where project creep happens and R&D organisations find themselves stretched beyond their capability and capacity to develop significant innovation. Creation must focus on value and risk/return balance but many issues come in disciplined choices of what not to work on and in ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Live and Let Die. T2 - A Survival Analysis of Foreign R&D Units in Swedish MNEs. AU - Håkanson, Lars. AU - Kappen, Philip. PY - 2016/12. Y1 - 2016/12. N2 - This paper develops and tests a set of hypotheses regarding factors that influenced the longevity of foreign research and development units in Swedish multinational enterprises over the period 1992-2012. The results reveal an underexplored aspect of the R&D internationalization-the volatility of foreign R&D laboratories. During the investigated period, more than 40% of the R&D units in the sample had been terminated. The results substantiate earlier research regarding the negative effects of mergers and acquisitions on R&D in acquired units but show that these effects are not immediate. They appear - if at all - with a time lag of several years. The hazard of closure for an individual unit seems to be more strongly related to its role and position within the MNE than to local country characteristics. It was smaller for ...

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Pharmacotherapeutic group: Psycholeptics, other antipsychotics, ATC code: N05AX12. Mechanism of action. It has been proposed that aripiprazoles efficacy in schizophrenia and Bipolar I Disorder is mediated through a combination of partial agonism at dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors and antagonism of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Aripiprazole exhibited antagonist properties in animal models of dopaminergic hyperactivity and agonist properties in animal models of dopaminergic hypoactivity. Aripiprazole exhibited high binding affinity in vitro for dopamine D2 and D3, serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors and moderate affinity for dopamine D4, serotonin 5-HT2C and 5-HT7, alpha-1 adrenergic and histamine H1 receptors. Aripiprazole also exhibited moderate binding affinity for the serotonin reuptake site and no appreciable affinity for muscarinic receptors. Interaction with receptors other than dopamine and serotonin subtypes may explain some of the other clinical effects of ...

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Stimulation of dopamine D2/D3 but not D1 receptors in the central amygdala decreases cocaine-seeking behavior. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Dopamine D3 receptor antagonists: The quest for a potentially selective PET ligand. Part two: Lead optimization. AU - Micheli, Fabrizio. AU - Holmes, Ian Peter. AU - Arista, Luca. AU - Bonanomi, Giorgio. AU - Braggio, Simone. AU - Cardullo, Francesca. AU - Di Fabio, Romano. AU - Donati, Daniele. AU - Gentile, Gabriella. AU - Hamprecht, Dieter. AU - Terreni, Silvia. AU - Heidbreder, Christian. AU - Savoia, Chiara. AU - Griffante, Cristiana. AU - Worby, Angela. PY - 2009. Y1 - 2009. UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TF9-4WHFD49-7&_user=542840&_origUdi=B6TF9-4WHMMF7-1&_fmt=high&_coverDate=08%2F01%2F2009&_r8. M3 - Article. VL - 19. SP - 4011. EP - 4013. JO - Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters. JF - Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters. SN - 0960-894X. IS - 15. ER - ...

We are completely invested in the success of our clients. A Partnership without limits or boundaries. ​. Our R&D division at BBB Labs is led by Zachary Spaw, who has over 15 years of experience in R&D and Product Development. Partnering with experts in relevant fields, he works to produce superior innovation across various industries that help shape the future of your product needs. Our end to end hemp production is a perfect fit for our customers needs or desires. Our expertise in hemp allows us to incorporate CBD in almost any form or product successfully.. Whether its new product formulation, cost analysis, consulting, reverse engineering formulas, or anything in between our complete end to end R&D experience will bring your concepts to reality.. ​. R&D Portfolio. ​. We currently develop products across four industries: food & beverage, cosmetics, pet, and nutraceuticals/wellness. For each, our in-house experts have developed a portfolio of CBD-infused products:. ...

In this paper, the effectiveness of the Fama and French three factor model and the Al-Horani R&D model are compared under two different portfolio sets for two different testing periods. The two portfolio sets are 9 size & book to market portfolios and 15 industry portfolios respectively. The two testing periods are July 1996-June 2008( 144 months) and July 2002-June 2008 (72 months) respectively. Both time series regressions and Cross sectional regressions are conducted to test whether one model always works better than the other model. A few previous literatures confirmed that adding additional R&D factor to the Fama and French model will improve the explanatory power and the R&D model is better than the Fama and French three factor model. However, the result in this paper show there are portfolio specific and period specific characteristics in these two models, therefore, it cannot be concluded that the R&D model always works better than the Fama and French three factor model.. ...

Lab Reagents Duoset Elisa Laboratories manufactures the r&d il_1b duoset elisa reagents distributed by Genprice. The R&D Il_1B Duoset Elisa reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. To purchase these products, for the MSDS, Data Sheet, protocol, storage conditions/temperature or for the concentration, please contact duoset elisa. Other R&D products are available in stock. Specificity: R&D Category: Il_1B Group: Duoset Elisa. Duoset Elisa information ...

As cerebral neurons express the dopamine D1 receptor positively coupled with adenylyl cyclase, together with the D3 receptor, we have investigated in a heterologous cell expression system the relationships of cyclic AMP with D3 receptor signaling pathways. In NG108-15 cells transfected with the huma …

BioAssay record AID 229630 submitted by ChEMBL: Selectivity ratio for serotonin 5-HT2A to that of dopamine D2 receptors was determined; ND=No data.

BioAssay record AID 61480 submitted by ChEMBL: Binding affinity was measured at cloned mammalian dopamine D2 receptor expressed in CHO-K1 cells (using [3H]U-86,170); NA means Inactive.

FINANCIAL REPORTING - Are tax incentives determinant and relevant for capitalizing R&D expenditures? Evidence from Europe ( Using a sample of European listed companies between 2014 and 2017, we ex-a¬mine accounting factors that lead management to capitalize R&D costs, with a specific focus on the tax incentives in the form of government grants. In our analysis, we distinguish between companies which capitalize R&D costs (

First, we are committed to deploying the full force of our R&D effort to meet our clients most pressing needs and focus our efforts on the most pressing challenges facing communities in the context of COVID-19. Second, we have restructured our R&D action plans to identify and develop solutions to the emerging questions and priorities that we anticipate and are hearing from our clients. Shortly after the initial outbreak, we invited and requested your input and collaboration to make the most of our R&D investments within the 5 areas of research. The following posts posed questions worth examining and a few immediately planned actions to shift our focus. ...

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R&D Retic is a tri-level whole blood reticulocyte control for manual and automated reticulocytes counting methods. Assay values are provided for the manual method and manual with Miller ocular. The target values for the levels are : Level 1 - 1.0%; Level 2 - 5.0% and Level 3 - 10.0%. R&D Retic has 75-day closed vial stability with 14-day open vial stability. Each new lot is shipped every 2 months. R&D Retic exists in 1.5 mL screw cap vial.. ...

Confronting a much more competitive global economy, the United States needs to coordinate an effective basic to the commercial R&D conversion process.

DISCLAIMER: This website is owned and operated by The Innovate Research and Development LP (Innovate R&D). All references herein to Innovate R&D shall be deemed to include any subsidiary, affiliate, associate or successor corporation of Innovate R&D. By entering and using this site, you agree to the Terms of Usefor this website. If you do not agree to these terms and conditions then exit from this site immediately. Although Innovate R&D updates this website regularly with material believed to be accurate at the time of posting, Innovate R&D does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, timeliness or currency of the material and consequently Innovate R&D expressly disclaims any liability for errors or omissions in the material contained in the website. The Innovate R&D website and all contents are provided as-is, and all representations and warranties, express or implied, relating to the website or the content are disclaimed, including any implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a ...

DISCLAIMER: This website is owned and operated by The Innovate Research and Development LP (Innovate R&D). All references herein to Innovate R&D shall be deemed to include any subsidiary, affiliate, associate or successor corporation of Innovate R&D. By entering and using this site, you agree to the Terms of Usefor this website. If you do not agree to these terms and conditions then exit from this site immediately. Although Innovate R&D updates this website regularly with material believed to be accurate at the time of posting, Innovate R&D does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, timeliness or currency of the material and consequently Innovate R&D expressly disclaims any liability for errors or omissions in the material contained in the website. The Innovate R&D website and all contents are provided as-is, and all representations and warranties, express or implied, relating to the website or the content are disclaimed, including any implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a ...

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Map of R Ds, CO with distance, driving directions and estimated driving time from neary any location. The starting point for directions can be a city or town, an intersection or a specific street address. The diretions to R Ds include intermediate detailed maps of each turn on the way.

We are pleased to announce the opening of the new Research & Development (R&D) center building, RD1 on 11 April 2017. Its primary function is to provide a facility that will ensure more efficient operations and R&D functions and deliver innovative products in a timely manner. Within the new building will be a showroom for guests from all over the world and a symposium facility that can accommodate 400 people allowing us to enhance our innovation progress ...

Rød bedelys fra IB Laursen. Lekre å dekorere med . Mål: H: 11 Ø: 2,2 Materiale: Paraffin Brenntid: 4 t Prisen er per stk Farge: Rød Det kan forekomme variasjon i fargen på lysene

The purpose of this study was to measure dopamine D2/3 receptor occupancy (RO) as a marker of the clinical efficacy of ropinirole in rats via positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F-fallypride as the radiotracer and to explore the relationship between dopamine RO and the plasma concentration of ropinirole via pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling. Plasma was collected from 16 rats treated with one of four doses of ropinirole. For the time-dependent study, the data of 16 rats in the 15 mg/kg dose group at four time points were averaged, and another 24 rats were divided into three dose groups (5 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg) for the dose-dependent study; the animals were assessed via 18F-fallypride PET scans ...

In a randomized controlled trial we tested the role of genetic differences in explaining variability in intervention effects on child externalizing behavior. One hundred fifty-seven families with 1- to 3-year-old children screened for their relatively high levels of externalizing behavior participat …

Tezin Türü: Yüksek Lisans. Tezin Yürütüldüğü Kurum: Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyolojik Bilimler Bölümü, Türkiye. Tezin Onay Tarihi: 2013. Öğrenci: SELİN AKKUZU. Danışman: ÇAĞDAŞ DEVRİM SON. ...

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* Net cash used in operating and investing activities was $18.7 million in the second quarter and $41.9 million for the first six months of 2020; quarter-end cash and restricted cash position of $336.6 million provides funding to advance a broad pipeline DUBLIN, Ireland, Aug. 06, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Prothena Corporation plc (NASDAQ:PRTA), a clinical-stage company with expertise in protein dysregulation and a diverse pipeline of investigational therapeutics for neurodegenerative and rare peripheral amyloid diseases, today reported financial results for the second quarter and first six months of 2020. In addition, the Company provided an update on its R&D programs.

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Regeneron had a big year in 2012, and R&D head George Yancopoulos won big kudos for it. He also nabbed a special stock award-500,000 shares-worth $57 million. Now, Yancopoulos has put those shares in his pocket, thanks to their vesting last year. Value now? $193 million.

The R&D laboratory in Arnhem, The Netherlands, provides specialist development and validation for phase separation and related processes.

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journalists track important R&D policy news across the globe - including the EU Horizon programme, COVID-19, AI and climate. Get the twice-weekly newsletter. Register now!. ...