2-Chlorophenyl Cyclopentyl Ketone is used as a reagent in the preparation of bicyclic. 2-Chlorophenyl Cyclopentyl Ketone is a pharmaceutical intermediate.

2-Chlorophenyl cyclopentyl ketone | C12H13ClO | CID 81223 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more.

In the heart, endogenous adenosine attenuates the beta-adrenergic-elicited increase in contractile performance via activation of adenosine A1 receptors. It has been recently reported that this function of adenosine becomes more pronounced with myocardial maturation. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether mature hearts possess a greater sensitivity than immature hearts to this antiadrenergic effect of adenosine. Isolated perfused hearts or atria from immature (ca. 23 days) and mature (ca. 80 days) rats were stimulated with isoproterenol (Iso), a beta-adrenergic agonist, at 10(-8) M and concomitantly exposed to increasing concentrations of 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), a highly selective and potent adenosine A1-receptor agonist, from 10(-12) to 10(-6) M. CCPA at 10(-10)-10(-6) M dose dependently reduced the Iso-elicited contractile response more in immature than in mature hearts or atria. At 10(-6) M, CCPA reduced the Iso-elicited contractile response by 103% in immature

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3-Chloro-N-[(1R,2S)-2-[[4-(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)benzoyl]amino]cyclopentyl]-1H-indole-6-carboxamide | C26H23ClN4O3 | CID 11784791 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more.

BACKGROUND: Increased sympathetic activity contributes to the progression of heart failure. Adenosine counteracts sympathetic activity by inhibition of presynaptic norepinephrine release and attenuation of the metabolic and contractile responses to beta-adrenergic stimulation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the adenosinergic effects (uptake blockade) of dipyridamole may retard the progression of pressure overload hypertrophy in the rat. METHODS AND RESULTS: To verify that the administration of dipyridamole increases myocardial adenosine levels in the rat, epicardial adenosine concentrations were measured from 12 isolated, perfused rat hearts exposed to 10(-7) and 10(-6) mol/l dipyridamole. Adenosine concentrations were increased with both doses of dipyridamole. Also, 9 weeks of dipyridamole treatment resulted in decreased sensitivity to the adenosine A1-receptor agonist, 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyl adenosine, suggesting that dipyridamole increases adenosine levels in the intact rat. In ...

Adenosine is an important mediator of the endogenous defense against ischemia-induced injury in the heart. Adenosine can achieve cardioprotection by mediating the effect of ischemic preconditioning and by protecting against myocyte injury when it is present during the infarct-producing ischemia. A novel adenosine A3 receptor can mediate this protective function. One approach to achieve cardioprotection is to enhance myocardial sensitivity to the endogenous adenosine by increasing the number of adenosine receptors instead of administering an adenosine receptor agonist. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether genetic manipulation of the cardiac myocyte, achieved by gene transfer and overexpression of the human A3 receptor cDNA, renders the myocytes resistant to the deleterious effect of ischemia. Prolonged hypoxia with glucose deprivation, causing myocyte injury and adenosine release, was used to simulate ischemia in cultured chick embryo ventricular myocytes. During simulated

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Adenosine mediates many physiological functions via activation of extracellular receptors. The modulation of cell growth by adenosine was found to be receptor-mediated. In A431 cells adenosine evoked a biphasic response in which a low concentration (~10 μM) produced inhibition of colony formation but at higher concentrations (up to 100 μM) this inhibition was progressively reversed. Evidence for the involvement of A1 (inhibitory) and A2 (stimulatory) adenosine receptors in regulating cell growth of these tumor cells was obtained through plating efficiency studies based on the relative potency of adenosine agonists and antagonists. When both A1 and A2 receptors were blocked, colony formation or growth was not inhibited at low concentrations of adenosine but was inhibited at high adenosine concentrations ...

Nature Chemical Biology, Published online: 02 December 2019; doi:10.1038/s41589-019-0407-2 A computational approach for designing GPCRs with new signaling functions including...

Cyclic 3, 5-[14C]AMP was measured in platelets that had first been incubated with [14C]adenine. Maximum increases of 2-4-fold were observed 0.5 min after addition of 10-40 µM adenosine. Smaller increases were obtained with higher concentrations of adenosine. In 0.5-min incubations 2-chloroadenosine was less effective than adenosine at concentrations below 20 µM and more effective at concentrations above 100 µM. Incorporation of 1-10 µM adenosine into platelets was inhibited at least 96% by p-nitrobenzylthioguanosine without any effect on the increase in cyclic [14C]AMP caused by these concentrations of adenosine, suggesting that adenosine acts at an extracellular site. With higher adenosine concentrations, p-nitrobenzylthioguanosine was less effective in inhibiting incorporation of adenosine but blocked the decline in cyclic [14C]AMP levels observed on increasing the adenosine concentration above 40 µM. This inhibitory effect of high adenosine concentrations on the accumulation of cyclic ...

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Synonyms for adenosine 5'-diphosphate in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for adenosine 5'-diphosphate. 1 synonym for adenosine diphosphate: ADP. What are synonyms for adenosine 5'-diphosphate?

The protein encoded by this gene is an adenosine receptor that belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. There are 3 types of adenosine receptors, each with a specific pattern of ligand binding and tissue distribution, and together they regulate…

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Breakdown of excessive amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy source of a cell, leads to the formation of extracellular adenosine, an important signaling molecule involved in multiple pathways that regulate neuronal and immunological function. Adenosine is either actively produced by certain cells or is released from damaged tissue, particularly when cells are starved of oxygen. Adenosine levels are tightly regulated at all points throughout its production, release, uptake and degradation, and disruptions in control that result in excessively high levels are associated with a number of human pathologies, including severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).. The diversity in the regulation and function of adenosine (both of which differ in a tissue- and cell-specific manner) means that it has been difficult to unravel its exact role at the molecular level. In addition, data obtained in vitro, or in tissue culture, might not be relevant to whole organisms, and mammalian model ...

Adenosine Sanolabor is a medicine available in a number of countries worldwide. A list of US medications equivalent to Adenosine Sanolabor is available on the Drugs.com website.

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duralone ATP injection(Adenosine Tri-Phosphate) is utilized in the Krebs Cycle - which physiologically is one of the key providers of duralone ATP

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Attenuation of chronic pulmonary inflammation in A2B adenosine receptor knockout mice. AU - Zaynagetdinov, Rinat. AU - Ryzhov, Sergey. AU - Goldstein, Anna E.. AU - Yin, Huiyong. AU - Novitskiy, Sergey V.. AU - Goleniewska, Kasia. AU - Polosukhin, Vasiliy V.. AU - Newcomb, Dawn C.. AU - Mitchell, Daphne. AU - Morschl, Eva. AU - Zhou, Yang. AU - Blackburn, Michael R.. AU - Peebles, R. Stokes. AU - Biaggioni, Italo. AU - Feoktistov, Igor. PY - 2010/5/1. Y1 - 2010/5/1. N2 - Pharmacologic evidence suggests that activation of A2B adenosine receptors results in proinflammatory effects relevant to the progression of asthma, a chronic lung disease associated with elevated interstitial adenosine concentrations in the lung. This concept has been challenged by the finding that genetic removal of A2B receptors leads to exaggerated responses in models of acute inflammation. Therefore, the goal of our study was to determine the effects of A2B receptor gene ablation in the context of ...

This study demonstrates that three structurally distinct A1 receptor antagonists increase extracellular adenosine levels in two different types of cardiovascular cells, i.e., cardiac fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells, and in two species, rats and humans. The extracellular adenosine responses to A1 receptor antagonists are concentration dependent, and are attenuated by pertussis toxin, a toxin that inactivates inhibitory G proteins, and by AMPCP, an inhibitor of ecto-5′-nucleotidase. This study also demonstrates that augmentation of extracellular adenosine levels attenuates the increase in extracellular adenosine induced by A1 receptor antagonists. Finally, this study shows that the effects of A1receptor antagonists on extracellular adenosine levels develop with a time lag of several hours.. Our working hypothesis is that high-affinity A1receptors detect elevated levels of adenosine in the biophase of the cell surface and engage a signal transduction process that ultimately decreases ...

A concise synthesis of a series of N6-substituted adenosines with bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-yl and polycyclic N6-substituents has been developed. The adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) affinity and potency of these compounds was initially assessed using competitive binding assays and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation assays in DDT1 MF-2 cells. The potency and receptor subtype selectivity of selected examples was further evaluated by measuring their effects on cAMP accumulation at all human adenosine receptor subtypes expressed in CHO cells. The results of these assays indicated that all of the synthesised N6-substituted adenosines are full agonists at A1R and activate this receptor selectively over the other adenosine receptor subtypes. The two standout compounds in terms of potency were N6-(3-thiabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-6-yl)adenosine and N6-(cubanylmethyl)adenosine with EC50 values at human A1R of 2.3 nM and 1.1 nM, respectively. The cubanylmethyl derivative in particular proved to be highly ...

In the present study, we have made some progress in understanding the extracellular adenosine involved in the LFS-induced depotentiation at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. There are four principal observations emerged from this work. First, the time-dependent reversal of LTP by LFS was mimicked by extracellular application of adenosine and was blocked by A1 adenosine receptor antagonist DPCPX but not by A2 receptor antagonist DMPX. Although transient extracellular application of 5-HT1A receptor agonist buspirone after LTP induction could also effectively reverse previously established LTP, 5-HT1A receptor antagonist NAN-190 did not affect the LFS-induced depotentiation. Second, the source of extracellular adenosine during LFS to exert depotentiation appeared to be attributable to the efflux of cAMP that is subsequently converted into adenosine by ecto-5′-nucleotidase. However, the extracellular conversion of ATP is not the major source of adenosine underlying the LFS-induced depotentiation. ...

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The effects of adenosine on inhibitory synaptic transmission in area CA1 were examined using the rat hippocampal slice preparation and intracellular recording. Adenosine did not change fast inhibitory synaptic potentials (IPSPs) but depressed late IPSPs evoked by direct activation of interneurons in the presence of 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX) and D,L-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV). Directly activated IPSPs were unchanged by the selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyltheophylline (CPT), but CPT reversed hyperpolarization and depression of late IPSPs produced by adenosine. These results indicate that adenosine depresses disynaptic IPSPs in area CA1 by decreasing synaptic activation of inhibitory neurons ...

Adenosine is a candidate sleep substance. It can be both a distress signal of importance in pathology and a physiological regulator. Key factors in determining which of these possibilities pertain are: (i) the number of receptors expressed, and (ii) the mechanisms that establish extracellular adenosine levels. The roles of adenosine are studied by means of antagonists and/or animals (mostly mice) with targeted deletions of receptors or enzymes involved in adenosine metabolism. Whereas adaptive changes in the genetically modified mice can occur for the physiologically important effects, such adaptive changes are less likely to occur in situations where adenosine acts as a distress signal. The relevance to sleep will be covered only in general terms in this review and will be covered in other contributions to this volume.

Intra- and extracellular adenosine levels rise in response to physiological stimuli and with metabolic/energetic perturbations, inflammatory challenge and tissue injury. Extracellular adenosine engages members of the G-protein coupled adenosine receptor (AR) family to mediate generally beneficial acute and adaptive responses within all constituent cells of the heart. In this way the four AR sub-types - A1, A2A, A2B, and A 3Rs - regulate myocardial contraction, heart rate and conduction, adrenergic control, coronary vascular tone, cardiac and vascular growth, inflammatory-vascular cell interactions, and cellular stress-resistance, injury and death. The AR sub-types exert both distinct and overlapping effects, and may interact in mediating these cardiovascular responses. The roles of the ARs in beneficial modulation of cardiac and vascular function, growth and stress-resistance render them attractive therapeutic targets. However, interactions between ARs and with other receptors, and their ubiquitous

Adenosine mediates its pysiological effects through four G protein-coupled receptors (A1, A2A, A2B and A3). A large number of agonists with high affinity at A1, A2A, A3 adenosine receptors and moderate affinity at A2B receptor have been developed over the years. Many compounds originally thought to be selective for the A1 or A2A subtypes later turned to be also potent agonists at more recently discovered A3 receptor. Owing to he great interest in A1 agonists as neuroprotective, antilipolytic, antiarrhythmic, and antinociceptive agents, there is a need for novel agonists with high potency and selectivity at this receptor subtype to avoid side effects due to the stimulation of the other subtypes. We discovered that the substitution of the hydrogen in 2-position of the ribose moiety of the A1 selective agonist CCPA with a methyl group (2-Me-CCPA) reduces the affinity at human A2A and A3 receptors, thus increasing the selectivity for A1 subtype [1]. In this communication we report on the affinity ...

The adenosine A2A receptor, also known as ADORA2A, is an adenosine receptor, and also denotes the human gene encoding it. This protein is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family which possess seven transmembrane alpha helices. The crystallographic structure of the adenosine A2A receptor reveals a ligand binding pocket distinct from that of other structurally determined GPCRs (i.e., the beta-2 adrenergic receptor and rhodopsin). The actions of the A2A receptor are complicated by the fact that a variety of functional heteromers composed of a mixture of A2A subunits with subunits from other unrelated G-protein coupled receptors have been found in the brain, adding a further degree of complexity to the role of adenosine in modulation of neuronal activity. Heteromers consisting of adenosine A1/A2A, dopamine D2/A2A and D3/A2A, glutamate mGluR5/A2A and cannabinoid CB1/A2A have all been observed, as well as CB1/A2A/D2 heterotrimers, and the functional significance and endogenous role of ...

In this study and previously (24), we have demonstrated that blockade of the A2AAR with an A2A-specific AR antagonist protected mice from EAE by hindering lymphocyte entry into the brain and spinal cord of wild-type mice. This finding was unexpected, as this function of adenosine, that is, mediating lymphocyte migration into the CNS, was previously unknown. Furthermore, the facts that adenosine suppresses the immune response and resolves inflammation (2) are at odds with the finding that blockade of the A2AAR, which mediates the preponderance of adenosines suppressive and anti-inflammatory functions (2), protects mice from EAE (24). The purpose of this study was to delineate adenosines role in the immune response from its function in mediating immune cell migration into the CNS via the A2A receptor.. We show that A2AAR−/− mice developed more severe EAE than did their wild-type counterparts. This severe disease was characterized in the CNS by increased numbers of lymphocytes and activated ...

Synonyms for adenosine triphosphatase test in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for adenosine triphosphatase test. 2 words related to adenosine: biochemistry, nucleoside. What are synonyms for adenosine triphosphatase test?

Action adenosinergic funds due to a direct interaction with adenozinovymi (purine) receptors and indirect effect on the disintegration and accumulation of adenosine (one of the purine neuromodulators). Specialized purine receptors (post - and presynaptic), divided into the P1 receptors (highly sensitive to adenosine) and P2 receptors (more sensitive to ATP). Both types are found in the Central nervous system, cardiovascular and respiratory system, lymph and platelets, etc.. It is known that adenosine has mainly cardiovascular effects, manifested by vasodilatation (with improvement of microcirculation and reduction of platelet aggregation) and negative Ino-, Chrono and dromotropony effects on the heart associated with inhibition of intracellular transport of calcium ions. A number of drugs (dipyridamole, papaverine, etc.) affect the metabolism of adenosine, contribute to its accumulation in the myocardium or potentiate the effect; used as koronarolitikov the disease ...

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A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.

Orthoplex Adenosine 60 Tablets contains 100mg of adenosine. Orthoplex Adenosine plays a major role in the production of cellular energy ATP

Adenosine myoview stress test - How much does adenosine nuclear stress test cost? Adenosine stress $$$. The cost depends on where you live and whether test is being done in a hospital facility or cardiologist office the cost can vary from 800$ to 2000$.

The data presented in this study demonstrate that activation of PKC-ε on stimulation of the A1R in the rat or mouse heart elicits the translocation of the kinase to a RACK2 protein of the cardiomyocyte. Previously, we reported A1R activation promotes the translocation of PKC-ε, but not PKC-δ, to the t-tubules of the cardiomyocyte (30). The present data indicate that RACK2 was the target protein for this translocation. Our present observations include the measurement of contractile activity of isolated cardiomyocytes and the visualization with imaging (rat) and coimmunoprecipitation of the kinase and RACK2 (rat and mouse). Translocation of PKC-ε to RACK2 occurred whether the PKC-ε was activated nonspecifically by a phorbol ester, or by A1R activation with PIA, or with the selective agonist CCPA. The action induced by CCPA was selective for the A1R, as indicated by the inhibition elicited by the A1R antagonist DPCPX. Furthermore, PKC-ε translocation most likely results from an A1R-induced ...

Adenosine is a ubiquitous signaling molecule whose physiological functions are mediated by its interaction with four G-protein-coupled receptor subtypes, termed A(1), A(2A), A(2B) and A(3). As a result of increased metabolic rates, this nucleoside is released from a variety of cells throughout the b …

Definition of adenosine triphosphate, with etymology, pronunciation (phonetic and audio), synonyms, antonyms, derived terms and more about the word adenosine triphosphate.

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Adenosine is so readily formed in the brain that for some time its quantity there was overestimated by a factor of 20 or more (Berne et al. 1974; Newman and McIlwain, 1977). Now, rapid fixation...

Author: Allen Loyd V Jr, Year: 2013, Abstract: A formulation for preparing Adenosine 3-mg/mL Injection. Includes ingredients, method of preparation, discussion, and references for the compounding pharmacist.

You are viewing an interactive 3D depiction of the molecule 5-o-(4,6-dihydroxy-2,4,6-trioxido-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphinan-2-yl)adenosine (C10H14N5O12P3) from the PQR.

View mouse Adora1 Chr1:134199225-134235431 with: phenotypes, sequences, polymorphisms, proteins, references, function, expression

View mouse Adora2a Chr10:75316877-75334784 with: phenotypes, sequences, polymorphisms, proteins, references, function, expression

Traditionally given via stopcock with immediate flush secondary to very short half life. Newer study showing that you may be able to mix with normal saline and give as single push, however further evidence is still needed[1] ...

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Genetic information processingProtein synthesistRNA and rRNA base modificationtRNA threonylcarbamoyl adenosine modification protein YeaZ (TIGR03725; HMM-score: 178.6) ...

AKI 1 is an adenosine regulating agent. It was undergoing preclinical studies in the USA with Gensia Sicor for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, however