Summer rainfall seldom occurs in the south-west of Western Australia. Flora of the region has evolved under a Mediterranean climate having hot dry summers with rare thunder storms, and cool wet winters. The consequence of high summer rainfall is significant because the resulting conditions can favour an outbreak of the introduced soil pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi, to which many plant species in the south-west forests are susceptible.. A glasshouse experiment compared the response of drought stressed and non-stressed Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) plants when inoculated with P. cinnamomi after a simulated summer rainfall event. Clonal plants, resistant or susceptible to P. cinnamomi, were tested. The moisture content of the container substrate for inoculated and non-inoculated plants was either kept at container capacity or at a pre-determined level just above that of the wilting point of each plant for 3 weeks. Sudden restoration to container capacity simulated summer rainfall and plants were ...

There was a more effect of acid rain water in 0% and 8% as is basic Acid rain may cause the increase in breathing problems of adults and children. The United States and Canada begin study of cross-border acid rain transport. The term acid rain is actually somewhat misleading because even pure rainwater collected in areas remote from civilization is slightly acidic (pH ≈ 5.6) due to dissolved carbon dioxide, which reacts with water to give carbonic acid, a weak acid:. Generally rain water gets acidic because CO 2, SO 2 and NO 2 present in the atmosphere get dissolved in it forming carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3), sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and nitric acid (HNO 3) respectively. Dec 17, 2018 · Rain that has a higher hydrogen ion concentration than about 10-5 M is referred as acid rain. Essay on Acid Rain. Pollution, volcanic eruptions, power-generating plants, forest fires and even lightning bolts are some of the causes of acid rain. ACID RAIN Acid Rain Acid rain is defined by Kumar as a term used to de ...

Introduction. ACID RAIN An international concern Gursharn Sandhu 10CR Acid rain: I am for, the reduction of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, emissions, by 90% by the year 2010. We need to take drastic action because the effects on us are all very serious. We must protect ourselves and safeguard our future. Acid rain is the term used to describe one of the worst effects of nature. Acid rain is a mixture of sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, which are gasses being emitted into our atmosphere. These gases combine with water droplets in the atmosphere, to produce acid rain. These toxic gasses enter the clouds, so rain is highly acidic. As a result of acid rain, we suffer from terrible air pollution, so the government should recognize, this problem, and do something about it. Acid rain has a pH of about 2. This makes it very harmful, and dangerous. Acid rain is produced in countries with areas that are surrounded by industrialised buildings, such as coal fire power stations, working ...

The Climate Futures team held a workshop at UTAS Medical Sciences precinct, presenting the final analysis for the groups Compound Extreme Events project.. On 10 December 2019, the Climate Futures team held a workshop at UTAS Medical Sciences precinct presenting the final analysis for the groups Compound Extreme Events project. The project was funded by the Tasmanian Climate Change Office aiming to build our understanding of Tasmanias vulnerability to coincident extreme events and their impacts. The two compound event types selected for examination were rainfall onto a saturated catchment and lightening during flammable conditions.. Dr Tom Remenyi gave a 45 minute presentation before participants broke into groups, giving stakeholders the opportunity to provide feedback on the technical and summary reports. Attendees included personnel from the Tasmanian State Government, the SES, HydroTas, Parks and Wildlife, the Department of State Growth, Mineral Resources Tasmania and Hobart City ...

Downloadable! We provide, for the first time, comparative evidence of the impact of various types of extreme events - natural disasters, terrorism, and violent conflicts - on the perceptions of entrepreneurs concerning some key entrepreneurial issues - such as fear of failure in starting a business venture, whether individuals expect that good opportunities are likely to emerge in the next six months, and the expected level of competition stemming from creating new ventures. The occurrence of extreme events is likely to be exogenous to the perceptions affecting it so that we can identify a causal link from events to entrepreneurs and their perceptions. Using individual-level data from 43 countries from the period 2002 to 2005, we find that neither indicator of the intensity of extreme events has a significant impact on entrepreneurial activity, when country characteristics are not controlled for. Once invariant country characteristics are taken into account, we find that Terrorist Attacks have a

Acid Rain Free Essays, Acid Rain Papers. MOST POPULAR Acid Rain ESSAYS AND PAPERS at #1 Acid Rain ESSAYS COLLECTION ONLINE. Totally Free Acid Rain Essays, Acid Rain Research Papers, Acid Rain Term Papers, Acid Rain Courseworks

Acid rain is rain that contains nitric and sulfuric acid. Snow and fog can also contain nitric and sulfuric acid, and the dangerous effects are the same whether the acid is falling to the earth by rain or snow, or dancing in the air via fog. Any precipitation or dust particle that contains abnormal levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides is considered acid rain. Acid rain primarily affects the United States, Europe, and China. Acid rain directly affects the chemical and pH balances in ground water. The excess aluminum created by acid rain makes aquatic environments such as the sea, lakes, and streams, toxic. The animals that can withstand the imbalance of the waters natural minerals might survive, but quickly lose their food source as the weaker creatures die off. Animals that cannot withstand the chemical imbalances die, fail to reproduce, become deformed due to bone decalcification, or fail to grow normally. Algae growth is increased by acid rain, and rock scaling microbial and ...

There are many problems and effects caused by acid rain. Acid rain can cause buildings, statues and bridges to deteriorate faster than usual. another problem is it harms thousands of lakes, rivers, and streams worldwide. It disrupts lake ecosystems and kill wildlife in affected lakes, rivers and streams. Acid rain also damages soil and the tree roots in it. When soil is acidified, tree roots are damaged, leaving them not able to draw in enough nutrients to support the tree. When acid rain falls on trees, it makes their leaves turn brownish-yellow and the tree can no longer carry out photosynthesis properly. Another problem is it will harm people when they breathe in smog, acid rain in one of its many forms. Acid rain can also harm people in-directly. This happens when people eat fish caught in affected lakes or rivers. Also, if the water source is acidic enough, it will react with copper or lead pipes to harm humans. It also washes aluminum into the water supply. Birds can be harmed if they live ...

In some places in world the rain water has become so polluted with chemicals that it is like vinegar. This type of rain is called acid rain.. Pure water is neutral and has a pH of 7.. Natural rain water is slightly acidic mainly because of dissolved CO2 which produces carbonic acid or H2CO3. H2O(l) + CO2(g) H2CO3(aq). The pH of unpolluted rainwater ranges from pH 5 to 6.. Acid rain is rain water with a pH of less than 5. In some parts of the Northern Hemisphere the pH of the rain water has been as low as 2!. Acid rain is caused by caused by industrial pollutants.. The main industrial gases responsible are SO2 and NOx (a mixture of NO and NO2).. Major sources of industrial sulfur dioxide.. SO2(g) comes from mining smelters and the burning of coal.. ...

Acid rain is caused mostly by the combustion of fossil fuels containing sulfur and nitrogen. When sulphur and nitrogen are combusted, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are created and released into the atmosphere. Once these gases come in contact with water they become acids (Sulphuric acid and Nitric acid). This can happen either through wet deposition when rain, sleet or snow remove the gases from the air or through dry deposition when particles are deposited and absorbed into surfaces and later converted into acids when they come into contact with water. Coal power plants, electricity generation, driving a car, volcanoes and thunderstorms all contribute to acid rain. While there are natural causes of acid rain as mentioned, 90% of harmful emissions are a result of man-made sources. Acidity of rainwater is measured by the pH scale. It ranges from 0 which is highly acidic to 14 which is highly alkaline (basic). The scale point 7 is neutral. Clean rain measures at pH 5.6 while acid rain is ...

Q-Which spot in the nine-county Bay Area gets the most yearly average rainfall (and why) and which spot gets the least (and why)? And, of course, how much in each case?. Nearly all of the precipitation that we receive comes between November and April in the form of rain from moisture-bearing clouds off the Pacific. The San Francisco Bay area is well-known for its many micro-climates. Folks at the beach are freezing as the fog lingers in the Sunset District while others are sweltering in the bright sun in Livermore. The distribution and amount of rain is also all over this proverbial map.. At the Pt. Reyes Lighthouse, sticking way out into the ocean, you might expect rain to be plentiful. Wrong. Average rainfall there is only 15 inches. As storm clouds move inland and begin to rise up over the coastal mountains, the air cools. When air cools it cannot hold as much moisture and rain occurs. This is known as orographic precipitation and results in Kentfield getting 48 inches of rain per year from ...

Acid rain is created when rain mixes with pollution in the air. Pollution fills the air with an invisible gas called sulfur dioxide. (This gas is mainly a result of coal burning.) Sulfur dioxide combines with water in the air and sunlight to form a weak sulfuric acid that gives acid rain its bitter taste.. Acid rain can fall hundreds of miles from the nearest factory smokestacks. In cities, acid rain can cause damage and decay of buildings and statues. In rivers and lakes, it can kill fish, and on land, it can damage soil needed for the proper growth of plants.. Acid rain is a type of acid deposition, which can appear in many forms. Wet deposition is rain, sleet, snow, or fog that has become more acidic than normal. Dry deposition is another form of acid deposition, and this is when gases and dust particles become acidic.. Both wet and dry deposition can be carried by the wind, sometimes for very long distances. Acid deposition in dry form can be inhaled by people and can cause health problems ...

A rainwater tank (sometimes called a rain barrel in North America in reference to smaller tanks, or a water butt in the UK) is a water tank used to collect and store rain water runoff, typically from rooftops via pipes. A rainwater catchment or collection (also known as rainwater harvesting) system can yield 2358 litres (623 gal) of water from 2.54 cm (1 in) of rain on a 93 m2 (1,000 sq ft) roof. Rainwater tanks are devices for collecting and maintaining harvested rain. Rainwater tanks are installed to make use of rain water for later use, reduce mains water use for economic or environmental reasons, and aid self-sufficiency. Stored water may be used for watering gardens, agriculture, flushing toilets, in washing machines, washing cars, and also for drinking, especially when other water supplies are unavailable, expensive, or of poor quality, and when adequate care is taken that the water is not contaminated and is adequately filtered. Underground rainwater tanks can also be used for retention ...

The drought analysis is a prime component in the preparedness of drought and the water resources management. The status of drought in Jaffna was investigated using standardized precipitation index (SPI) at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months time scale using monthly rainfall (1985 - 2019) data of Thirunelvelli meteorological station. Results revealed that the annual rainfall has no trend in long term but there were seasonal and short term variations found. Around 29% of study period was under dry condition. October, November, December and January months can be recorded as rainy months. Higher number of wet events was recorded during January to March. The second inter monsoon and northeast monsoon received high amount of rainfall. The number of wet event increases with years in Yala and vice versa during Maha. That is there was some variation in the onset of rainfall in this region. Nine hydrological years 1988- 89, 1990-91, 1994-95, 2000-01, 2004-05, 2009-10, 2013-14, 2016-17 and 2018-19 as dry years and ...

Lakes and streams in North America and Europe are beginning to recover from the damage inflicted by acid rain, scientists report. The recovery is being attributed to the passage and enforcement of environmental regulations and international agreements that reduce the emissions that produce acid rain. Emissions from burning fossil fuels steadily increased from the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century until the 1970s. The sulfur and nitrates released into the atmosphere eventually return to the Earth as acid rain. This study provides the first conclusive evidence that international and regional agreements designed to reduce the emissions that cause acid rain, beginning with the United Nations First Sulphur Protocol in 1985, are working. Sulfur dioxide concentrations in north/central Europe air decreased by 63 percent between 1985 and 1996, according to the report. Sulfur dioxide is converted in the atmosphere to sulfuric acid, the main ingredient that produces acid rain. The ...

South Australia as a whole received 77% of the long term average rainfall throughout 2012 (i.e., 23% below normal), the lowest since 2006. While parts of the northeast pastoral received above average rainfall, totals for the year were below average across large areas of the agricultural districts.. The most significant rainfall event for the year was observed between the 27th of February and the 4th of March as a low pressure surface trough combined with a slow moving upper level trough and a moist tropical airmass over the northeast of the state. This system produced heavy rainfall with new daily and multi-day rainfall records at a number of locations across north-eastern districts. Marree (Mundowdna Station) received 125.6 mm on February 29, which was the wettest day of the year for any location in South Australia. Further details on this event are available in Special Climate Statement 39.. For cropping areas, April to October growing season rainfall averaged across the agricultural districts ...

The distinction between extreme weather events and extreme climate events-although often not clear nor consistent in the literature [1,6]-may be defined by the timescale of the event, with extreme weather events typically associated with changing weather patterns (from less than a day to a few weeks, e.g. heavy rains, unusually high or low temperatures) and extreme climate events occurring on longer timescales (from weeks to months, e.g. the number or fraction of cold/warm days/nights above or below a certain percentile with respect to a reference period). Extreme climate events may also be driven by the accumulation of several weather events (e.g. below-average rainy days over a season leading to a drought [9]).. From another point of view, extreme events may be defined in terms of extreme values of a continuous variable on the basis of the available climate record [9] (e.g. temperature, precipitation levels) or in the form of a discrete (point) perturbation, such as a hurricane or a heavy ...

Acid rain was a very common phenomenon before many governments stepped in to put an end to it. It is a term given to precipitation which contains various acids, but mostly sulfuric acid, which get formed when gases emitted by industry and vehicles combine with water droplets in the air. Acid rain is the most common term for this precipitation although it can also take the form of snow or fog depending on the climactic conditions of the place where it occurs. Acid rain or snow has a devastating effect on the land where it falls. It can destroy vegetation as well as animal life. Trees are stripped bare of their leaves when this rain falls on them. It can also damage the soil for good, making it unfit for cultivation. The negative results of acid rain do not stop at this. The acids wash into rivers and lakes where they kill fish and other marine life mercilessly. Certain places at high altitudes have suffered greatly as a result of these acids especially when trees in these places are surrounded by ...

While these two deserts both experience an arid climate, they also have many differences.. Area. The Sonoran Desert has an area of about 311,000 square kilometers (120,000 sq mi). The Chihuahuan Desert has an area of about 362,000 square kilometers (139,769 sq mi).. Elevation. The Sonoran Desert is lower in elevation that the Chihuahuan Desert, with some parts (in the USA) lying below sea level. The Chihuahuan Desert varies in elevation from 600-1675 m (1969-5495 ft).. Summer temperatures. The Sonoran Desert tends to have higher summer temperatures than the Chihuahuan Desert, though even in the Chihuahuan Desert, daytime temperatures in summer are usually between 35 and 40̊C (95-104̊F).. Seasonal rainfall patterns. The ratio of winter to summer rainfall decreases from west to east. Most of the Sonoran Desert (to the west) has a bimodal rainfall regime with spring and summer peaks. On the other hand, most of the limited rain that falls in the Chihuahuan Desert comes in late summer.. The ...

Although acid rain is made more acidic from the chemicals and pollution produced by human activity, some naturally occurring rain actually has acid content in it, up to a pH level of 5. However, alkaline materials in the air counteracts the acidity in naturally occurring acid rain.. Therefore, even if greenhouse gases are eliminated, there would still be naturally occurring acid rain, but not as damaging as acid rain caused by chemicals and pollution.. ...

The radar records of rain observed during 1980 by the weather radar facility of Spino dAdda in north Italy were used to generate a large data base composed of about 16,000 ground rain cells characterized by a reflectivity factor greater than 34 dBZ. This large sample of rain elements, collected at the low altitude of 1.5 km from the ground, was analyzed in order to supply the statistical information required for rain attenuation modeling. The point rainfall rate distribution calculated against this data base, as well as the cumulative distributions of maximum, mean, and root-mean-square of rain rate referred to an individual rain area (cell), were found to be power law functions of the rain rate. The study of the horizontal extent of cells, based on the entire cell collection, leads to the conclusion that the probability distribution of the linear extent D of a rain cell with a given rate intensity R exceeded over the cell is an exponential function of D, while a power law relates the ...

Acid rain is exactly what it suggests- rain that is acidic. The definition of acid rain is rain with a pH of below 5.6. Rain becomes acidic because of gases that dissolve in the rain. Approximately 70% of acid rain is a result of dissolved sulfur dio...

Pollution causes impurities to rain water and turning it to acidic substance. It is said that rain water contains many minerals and it is good for the skin and hair. However, due to the pollutants on it, it is not pure anymore. Acid rain can bring negative effects on plants, animals and even human beings. In this article, the causes of acid rain will be discussed as well as its effects on the life in the planet ...

acid rain Acid rain is perhaps the most well known and recognizable form of pollution that is affecting the world today. Acidity is measured using a pH scale, with 7 being neutral. So anything below 7 is considered to be acidic, but as far as acid rain goes, the baseline for identifying acid rain is generally below the pH level of 5.6. But there have been many debates over this value and many ...read more ...

Background. The extremely arid climate of the ABC islands makes it a surprising place to find Common Green Iguanas. The mean annual rainfall for Curaçao was 553 mm from 1971-2000. The islands have a distinct dry and wet season that peak between March-June and October-January, respectively. At the onset of the wet season, iguanas are in such a water deficit that they leave the safety of their perches and soak in the puddles. We began our fieldwork on Curaçao on the first days of rain for the season and witnessed the lethal consequences of iguanas soaking in the puddles that form in the road potholes. This was true for iguanas on the main highways, but also within the National Park.. Rainfall data from Curaçao, collected since 1830, shows a cyclic history of 2-4 year periods of extreme droughts every 12-15 years. During, or shortly after these periods, locals report seeing many emaciated and weak iguanas, including iguanas falling out of trees. Additionally, following the last two extreme ...

Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting: Berkeley averages roughly 20 inches of rain a year. That rainwater currently flows off your roof, into a stormdrain and out to the San Francisco Bay. Harvesting rainwater helps conserve water and can save you money on your water bill. Using rainwater to water your garden helps replenish local aquifers and reduces the amount of stormwater that drains into the Bay. The harvested water is low in sodium, and chloramine and fluoride free. Rainwater Catchment System Requirements: The easiest, most low-tech system is a rain barrel attached to your downspout that has a spigot and hose out to your garden; no water treatment is necessary. Most simple rainwater catchment systems will not require any permits. More complex systems can involve plumbing and electrical work, soil excavation or other structural work. For rainwater collection projects of this scale, consult a professional to review design, construction and safety considerations, and note the following review and ...

Rains in the southeast fall hard and fast. Runoff from roofs, lawns, and driveways may overload storm sewers, drainage ditches and streams. Overland flooding can often result, causing damage to homes and infrastructure. As this runoff enters the drainage network, it carries with it nutrients, sediment, oil, gas, heavy metals etc. Rain gardens help reduce the amount of potentially harmful materials that enter the water system and degrade water quality. Rain gardens also reduce the need for supplemental water on your lawn. They regenerate the groundwater by allowing water to soak into the soil, rather than run-off. Locate a rain garden to intercept runoff from roofs, yards, driveways, or streets. It should not be built within three meters (10ft) of foundation walls or on poorly drained sites. A rain garden should not be built over buried utilities and should not impede drivers vision. Do not construct a rain garden where prohibited by local bylaws or where subject to disturbance.. How a rain ...

On this, NiMet, by virtue of its mandate, is largely responsible for providing climate information and has established infrastructure delivering climate services in the country. The role of NiMet in these regards is therefore unequivocal and I assure Nigerians that the Federal Ministry of Aviation will continue to support NiMet to discharge this responsibility to the nation, the Minister said.. Some forcing functions have been observed to be likely responsible and will be monitored carefully and keep Nigerians informed. Farmers should therefore avoid early planting during this period to avoid losses the report revealed.. The Aviation Minister had in his keynote address stated that since inception of the President Muhammadu Buhari administration, the government has clearly stated Nigerias commitment to combat climate change. In keeping to this commitment, this country has been participating actively in the UNFCCC activities, including the adoption of the Paris Agreement, which has set the ...

Many parts of China, including Beijing, have had serious problems with acid rain. This is not surprising, as China is the worlds largest emitter of sulfur dioxide - a major contributor to acid rain pollution. The majority of Chinas sulfur dioxide emissions come from burning coal in electricity generating and industrial power plants. The acid rain that results has serious potential to damage crops, wildlife, and human health.. ...

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Bio: The son of British stage actor Frederick Rains, Claude Rains gave his first theatrical performance at age 11 in Nell of Old Drury. He learned the technical end of the business by working his way up from being a two-dollars-a-week page boy to stage manager. After making his first U.S. appearance in 1913, Rains returned to England, served in the Scottish regiment… More Bio: The son of British stage actor Frederick Rains, Claude Rains gave his first theatrical performance at age 11 in Nell of Old Drury. He learned the technical end of the business by working his way up from being a two-dollars-a-week page boy to stage manager. After making his first U.S. appearance in 1913, Rains returned to England, served in the Scottish regiment during WWI, then established himself as a leading actor in the postwar years. He was also featured in one obscure British silent film, Build Thy House. During the 1920s, Rains was a member of the teaching staff at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art; among his ...

Ansell TJ, Jones PD, Allan RJ, Lister D, Parker DE, BrunetM, Moberg A, Jacobeit J, Brohan P, Rayner NA, Aguilar E, Alexandersson H, Barriendos M, Brandsma T, Cox NJ, Della-Marta PM, Drebs A, Founda D, Gerstengarbe F, Hickey K, Jónsson T, Luterbacher J, Nordli Ø, Oesterle H, Petrakis M, Philipp A, Rodwell MJ, Saladie O, Sigro J, Slonosky V, Srnec L, Swail V, García-Suárez AM, Tuomenvirta H, Wang X, Wanner H, Werner P, Wheeler D, Xoplaki E. 2006. Daily mean sea level pressure reconstructions for the European-North Atlantic region for the period 1850-2003. Journal of Climate 19: 2717-2742 ...

Hot and semi-arid environments are characterised by having high temperatures , low precipitaion and sparse vegetation. An Arid environment has less than 250mm of annual rainfall, as a semi-arid environment has between 250-500mm of annual rainfall.(Aridity Index take into account evaporation and transpiration losses) Temperature- during the day under cloudless skies intense solar radiation heats the ground , which warms the air by conduction (transfer of heat loss or gain through direct contact) or convection (transfer of heat through conective air moments). At night under clear skies terrestial radiation (radiation emitted from earth) rapidly escapes and the ground cools , which then chills the air by conduction. The reason why the areas have high temperatures is because they are located at low latitudes , as here radiation is more concentrated and second the solar beam has a shorter distance to travel through the atmosphere and therefore is less diluted by reflection , scattering & absorption ...

We have identified that the extensive pollution haze emanating from Asia may be re-shaping rainfall patterns in northern Australia but we wonder what impact natural and human-generated aerosols are having across the rest of the country, Dr Rotstayn said. Aerosols are fine particles suspended in the atmosphere. Sources of human-generated aerosols include industry, motor vehicles and vegetation burning. Natural sources include volcanoes, dust storms and ocean plankton. Human-generated aerosols have long been known to exert a cooling effect on climate. This has partly masked the warming effect of increasing greenhouse gases. As aerosol pollution is predicted to decrease over the next few decades, unmasking of the greenhouse effect may lead to accelerated global warming.. However, in an address tomorrow to the International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography in Melbourne, Dr Rotstayn said aerosols are much more than a negative greenhouse gas because they can actively ...

Darwin has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw)[26][27] with distinct wet and dry seasons and the average maximum temperature is remarkably similar all year round. The dry season runs from about May to September, during which nearly every day is sunny, and afternoon humidity averages around 30%.[28]. The driest period of the year, seeing only approximately 5 mm (0.20 in) of monthly rainfall on average, is between May and September. In the coolest months of June and July, the daily minimum temperature may dip as low as 14 °C (57 °F), but very rarely lower, and a temperature lower than 10 °C (50 °F) has never been recorded in the city centre. Outer suburbs away from the coast, however, can occasionally record temperatures as low as 5 °C (41 °F) in the dry season. For an exceedingly lengthy 147‑day period during the 2012 dry season, from 5 May to 29 September, Darwin recorded no precipitation whatsoever. Prolonged periods of no precipitation are common in the dry season in Northern ...

Rainwater also contains more oxygen that tap water. You might think your plants are dangerously waterlogged as a result of excessive rain. Yet, whereas waterlogging may bring about anaerobic soil conditions and lead to root rot if you overwater your plants with tap water, the fact that rainwater is highly oxygenated may provide a margin of safety when soil is saturated after a downpour.. Carbon dioxide is also brought down to Earth to the benefit of plants when it rains. Carbon dioxide, when it combines with other minerals in the atmosphere, imparts to rainwater an acidic pH. When this acidic rainwater reaches the soil, it helps to release micronutrients such as zinc, manganese, copper and iron that are essential to plant growth but are mostly locked up in our local soil, which typically registers a neutral to alkaline pH. (Excessive pollutants in the air can produce so-called acid rain, which is harmful to plants, but is more of an issue in the Northeast than locally.). Another benefit of rain ...

Caused by air pollution, acid rains spread and damage involves weather, chemistry, soil, and the life cycles of plants and animals on the land and from acid rain in the water. Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is the major cause of acid rain.

Acid rain by Steven A. Heiskary; 2 editions; Subjects: Acid rain, Effect of water quality on, Environmental aspects of Acid rain, Fishes, Freshwater fishes, Lake ecology, Lakes, Measurement, Water quality; Places: Minnesota

I am pleased to announce today several steps being taken to ensure that the United States continues to work closely with the Canadian Government in determining and addressing the environmental effects of acid rain. These actions resulted from a review of this issue I directed my Domestic Policy Council to undertake, and are consistent with the recommendations made by the joint envoys on acid rain, Drew Lewis, of the United States, and William Davis, of Canada. Prime Minister Mulroney and I endorsed their recommendations in March 1986. This past year government-to-government coordination and research cooperation with Canada on acid rain problems have been substantially strengthened, as recommended by the envoys. The administration also has implemented the initial phase of the Department of Energy Clean Coal Technology Program and has completed an inventory of Federal, State, and private clean coal research and demonstration projects, which are expected to expend more than $6 billion by ...

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The news has been saturated (pun intended) with water-related headlines lately: last year, Toledos water was contaminated with toxic algae. Locally in central Ohio, weve experienced elevated nitrate levels and localized flooding from heavy rainfall and runoff.. Though compacted and paved suburban or urban landscapes are limited in their ability to absorb rainfall, the creative gardeners among us can capture their rainwater in a rain garden. Treating your own homes runoff is one way residents can protect our drinking water while decreasing harmful effects on waterways from flash flooding, erosion, and pollution.. Storing water temporarily in a rain garden allows it to draw down slowly, preventing the possibility that it will pick up pollutants and carry them to the nearest stream. Water is naturally filtered as well: gardens remove and degrade contaminants through microbial processes, plant uptake, exposure to sunlight, and absorption to soil particles. Properly designed rain gardens capture ...

TWENTIETH CENTURY IMPRESSION1 S OF SIAM 120 inches. May brings the south-west monsoon, with the first of the real rains, the average rainfall totalling 10 inches with a mean of fourteen days on which rain falls. From now on until the end of October the rains continue, the averages for June being 5*6, for July 4/1, for August 5-9, for September 13-9, and for October 8*1. During these wet months the mean temperature remains almost uniformly at about 85A F., the days are hot and moist, and the minimum temperature rarely falls below 75A F. The daily range, too, which is so extensive even during March and April, now amounts to about 15A. During November the rains cease and the north-east monsoon breaks in, commencing the cycle which has just been described. It will be noted, therefore, that the lowest mean temperature occurs in December, that April is the hottest month of the year, that the highest temperature has been recorded in Mayai.e., I04AF.aand the lowest in December and Januaryai.e., 56A ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Mathematical assessment of the role of temperature and rainfall on mosquito population dynamics. AU - Abdelrazec, Ahmed. AU - Gumel, Abba. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2017/5/1. Y1 - 2017/5/1. N2 - A new stage-structured model for the population dynamics of the mosquito (a major vector for numerous vector-borne diseases), which takes the form of a deterministic system of non-autonomous nonlinear differential equations, is designed and used to study the effect of variability in temperature and rainfall on mosquito abundance in a community. Two functional forms of eggs oviposition rate, namely the Verhulst-Pearl logistic and Maynard-Smith-Slatkin functions, are used. Rigorous analysis of the autonomous version of the model shows that, for any of the oviposition functions considered, the trivial equilibrium of the model is locally- and globally-asymptotically stable if a ...

Using autocorrelation analysis and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA)modelling, we analysed a time series of the monthly number of 1° grid squares infested with desert locust Schistocerca gregaria swarms throughout the geographical range of the species from 1930-1987. Statistically significant first- and higher-order autocorrelations were found in the series. Although endogenous components captured much of the variance, adding rainfall data improved endogenous ARIMA models and resulted in more realistic forecasts. Using a square-root transformation for the locust data improved the fit. The models were only partially successful when accounting for the dramatic changes in abundance which may occur during locust upsurges and declines, in some cases successfully predicting these phenomena but underestimating their severity. Better fitting models were also produced when rainfall data were added to models of an equivalent series for desert locust hoppers (nymphs) that incorporated ...

Most of Earths rain falls in the tropics, often in highly seasonal monsoon rains, which are thought to be coupled to the inter-hemispheric migrations of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone in response to the seasonal cycle of insolation. Yet characterization of tropical rainfall behaviour in the geologic past is poor. Here we combine new and existing hydroclimate records from six large-scale tropical regions with fully independent model-based rainfall reconstructions across the last interval of sustained warmth and ensuing climate cooling between 130 to 70 thousand years ago (Marine Isotope Stage 5). Our data-model approach reveals large-scale heterogeneous rainfall patterns in response to changes in climate. We note pervasive dipole-like tropical precipitation patterns, as well as different loci of pre- cipitation throughout Marine Isotope Stage 5 than recorded in the Holocene. These rainfall patterns cannot be solely attributed to meridional shifts in the Inter-Tropical Convergence ...

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite was launched back in November of 1997 to measure rainfall over the global Tropics but has proven itself to be instrumental in observing tropical cyclones. This first image was taken at 04:34 UTC (12:34 am EDT) on 25 August 2005 as Katrina was passing south of Grand Bahama Island. The image above displays the horizontal distribution of rain intensity within Katrina as obtained from TRMMs sensors. Rain rates in the center part of the swath are from the TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR), the only radar capable of measuring precipitation from space. The PR can provide fine resolution rainfall data and details on the vertical structure. Rain rates in the outer swath are from the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). The rain rates are overlaid on infrared (IR) data from the TRMM Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS). At the time of the image, Katrina was a tropical storm with maximum sustained winds reported at 45 knots (52 mph) by the National Hurricane Center ...

Many severe effects of air pollution on materials and structures come from acid rain. Acid rain dissolves limestone, marble, cement and sandstone. Acid rain stains and etches granite and corrodes metals like bronze. Acid rain damages structures such as the Taj Mahal and Thomas Jefferson Memorial.

Regarding extreme events, Dr. Wang s primary research interests are in transportation risk management, emergency logistic systems, and the evacuation planning and modeling. Dr. Wang s most recent project is to develop methods and procedures for the risk assessment and effective management of transportation systems under multiple hazard situations, including earthquakes, inclement weathers, major accidents, emergency evacuations, and combinations consisting of two or more such hazards. As the first stage of the project, the project team is developing a new evaluation procedure that assesses the impact of earthquakes on both people and goods movements. The associated module will be added to REDARS 2, a public-domain seismic risk analysis software package developed by MCEER. As an extension, the further tasks will focus on broadening the framework to consider different and multiple hazards and place the emphasis not only on risk assessment but also on risk management. ...

Aerosols influence clouds by changing their colour and their ability to form snow and rain. This interaction between aerosols and clouds is one of the immediate topics of weather and climate research. Cyprus is a unique place where this interaction can be studied especially well, because the island is influenced by a large variety of air pollutants, desert dust, and marine salt particles (See Fig. 1). Cyprus is located in an arid climate zone and, hence, on the edge between moderate mid-latitude and dry desert climate. Rain is vital for the island, but annual rainfall changes storngly between years. The eastern Mediterranean is a hot-spot area of climate change but direct measurements of aerosols, clouds and their dynamic interactions in this area are missing. The CyCARE campaign - a common initiative between the Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol and TROPOS - will fill a gap in the global understanding of aerosol-cloud interaction. The role of different aerosol types on cloud and rain ...

The formation of martian geologic features, including degraded impact craters, valley networks, and lakes, has been interpreted to require a continuously warm and wet Noachian climate, with above-freezing surface temperatures and rainfall. More specifically, it has been argued that a change in the nature of rainfall in the Noachian, from a diffusive rain splash-dominated erosional regime to an advective runoff-dominated erosional regime, is the best explanation for the observed temporal differences of erosion style: the degradation of craters has been interpreted to be due to rain splash throughout the Noachian, while the formation of valley networks and lakes has been interpreted to be due to more erosive activity and more abundant fluvial activity at the Noachian/Hesperian transition. However, the presence of a long-lived warm and wet climate with rainfall is difficult to reconcile with climate models which instead suggest that the long-lived climate may have been cold and icy, with ...

The Gulf Coast is preparing for the sort of rainstorm that is supposed to come only once in a lifetime.. …... As with virtually every weather event at this point, theres a clear link between Cindy and climate change. Since a warmer atmosphere can hold more water vapor (thanks to enhanced evaporation and other factors), rainfall rates during extreme events have become more intense. To prove the point, this morning, the atmosphere over New Orleans was the wettest it has ever been for the date. The one-in-200-year or one-in-500-year calculations include only historical rainfall data and dont take into account changing trends resulting from climate change. Weird rainstorms are happening more often now. ...

Air Pollution and Acid Rain. 012-10988 r1.04. Air Pollution and Acid Rain. 012-10750 r1.04. Air Pollution and Acid Rain. Introduction. Each page of this lab that contains the symbol Slideshow 1968273 by karis

Get information, facts, and pictures about acid rain at Encyclopedia.com. Make research projects and school reports about acid rain easy with credible articles from our FREE, online encyclopedia and dictionary.

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Although it is anecdotally well known that small animal fliers are able to fly even in high-intensity rain [5-7], the present study offers experimental evidence for only marginal effects of light-to-moderate precipitation on hovering flight performance, but also a dramatic effect of heavy precipitation on both kinematics and mechanical power expenditure in Annas hummingbirds. For birds, thermoregulatory effects owing to plumage wetting during light-to-moderate rain are expected to be minimal, because feathers are highly hydrophobic, are resistant to water penetration and offer effective thermal insulation [8,9,17]. Moreover, hummingbirds have the ability to perform rapid body shakes even in flight to remove almost completely any water adhered to the body [18]. Aerodynamic studies indicate a reduction of lift and an increase in airfoil drag as precipitation increases [1-3]. Such effects may characterize wetted hummingbird wings as well, but presumably are of less significance given ...

Now that Mount Auburn has replaced these barrels with a 30,000 gallon underground cistern, these barrels are available for free. You can retrofit them to collect water at your home. There are dozens of videos so the industrious home gardener or handy person can get started. If you are interested in taking home a rain barrel please contact Candace Currie, at [email protected] or 617 - 607 - 1910.. Helpful Links:. eHow: How to Build a Rain Barrel. This Old House: How to install Rainwater Collection [Video]. This Old House: 4 Rain Barrel Options. National Geographic - Green Living: How to Keep Plastic Rain Barrels from Freezing. Mount Auburns Green Team leader, Candace Currie has been using a rain barrel in her home for several years. She has found that the water pressure from the barrel is too low to run a drip-irrigation hose if the hose is placed upstream from the barrel even though it is still lower than the barrel; therefore, there are solar-powered options available to remedy the ...

The influence of rainstorm on soil respiration of a mixed forest in southern New England, USA was investigated with eddy covariance, rain simulation and laboratory incubation. Soil respiration is shown to respond rapidly and instantaneously to the onset of rain and return to the prerain rate shortly after the rain stops. The pulse-like flux, most likely caused by the decomposition of active carbon compounds in the litter layer, can amount to a loss of 0.18 t C ha−1 to the atmosphere in a single intensive storm, or 5-10% of the annual net ecosystem production of midlatitude forests. If precipitation becomes more variable in a future warmer world, the rain pulse should play an important part in the transient response of the ecosystem carbon balance to climate, particularly for ecosystems on ridge-tops with rapid water drainage.. ...

Understanding the degree to which plant communities are open to seedling recruitment is key to predicting how they will be impacted by climate change. We experimentally assessed whether communities assembled under colder climates were inherently more open to recruitment than warmer‐climate communities, after controlling for differences in the current climate under which the communities were growing. We then tested whether variation in openness to recruitment could be explained by community biomass or by the plant functional traits of the community. The study was conducted in a climate grid of twelve grassland sites across southern Norway, differing systematically in temperature and precipitation. Along a 2000 mm precipitation gradient, we transplanted turfs with intact plant communities from alpine and sub‐alpine sites into 2°C warmer sites, and measured natural seedling emergence in these transplanted turfs versus locally replanted control turfs at the transplant destination sites. Mixed ...

Barahona has a tropical wet and dry/savanna climate (Köppen climate classification : Aw).[5] The climate on the mountains of the Sierra de Baoruco, where there are some rainforests, is cooler and more wet. The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is 1,019 mm (40.1 in). Most rains fall during the end of summer. The month with the most precipitation on average is October with 185 mm (7.3 in) of rainfall, followed by May with 169 mm (6.7 in). The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is February with an average of 29 mm (1.1 in) and the second is January with 30 mm (1.2 in). Barahona is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is 26 °C (79 °F). The warmest months, on average, are July and August with an average temperature of 28 °C (82.4 °F). The coolest months on average are December, January and February, with an average temperature of 25 °C (77.0 °F). ...

By Ayodeji Alabi. Akure, Oct. 10, 2020 Heavy rainfall has disrupted the ongoing election process in Ijebu area of Owo Local Government of Ondo State, Naija247news reports.. Naija247news reports that the rain destroyed some election materials with the voting booths in some polling thoroughly soaked, while staff of INEC took refuge and struggled to secure the materials.. The voters also scampered to various directions to take shelter from the rain.. Naija247news reports that voting later commenced with security personnel keeping vigil at all polling units around the area.. At polling unit 002 in Ward 5, Ijebu-Owo area, Naija247news observed that voters wore their face masks, while INEC staff also made hand sanitizers and soap available for use.. Speaking with newsmen, Opeyemi Amadu, Presiding Officer, Ijebu 2 Unit 006 Ward 5, said that accreditation and voting would go on simultaneously.. She explained that the use of facemasks was compulsory while any voter showing symptoms of COVID-19, like ...

On October 29, 1999, the final Phase II stormwater regulations were signed into rule by EPA. The Phase II regulations expand the requirement for stormwater permits to small municipalities with MS4s located in urbanized areas, and to construction sites between one and five acres. The rule also requires an evaluation of cities outside of urbanized areas that have a population of 10,000 or more to determine if a permit is necessary for some or all of these cities. Under the new rule, more than ninety additional municipalities in Washington, were on the bubble as to whether they would be required to have a Phase II Stormwater permit. Some of these bubble cities are located in Eastern Washington where annual precipitation is very low and the likelihood of stormwater runoff is considered by many to be insignificant. As the DOE is the regulating authority for water quality permits, the director of Ecology made the decision to require all bubble cities to obtain and comply with Phase II Stormwater ...

Welcome to the Bureaus online home of the Australian Climate and Weather Extremes Monitoring System. This website provides comprehensive and timely information about climate and weather extremes of temperature and rainfall. Weather and climate extremes can have significant social, environmental and economic costs, with heat waves and floods prime examples. One of the greatest impacts of climate variability and climate change occurs through changes in the frequency and severity of extreme events. This system has been designed to provide a better basis for monitoring such changes, so that we will be better able to understand, prepare for and adapt to future changes in extreme events. ...

Bangladesh is one of the worlds most vulnerable countries for climate change. This observational study examined the association of temperature, humidity and rainfall with six common climate-sensitive infectious diseases in adults (malaria, diarrheal disease, enteric fever, encephalitis, pneumonia and bacterial meningitis) in northeastern Bangladesh. Subjects admitted to the adult medicine ward of a tertiary referral hospital in Sylhet, Bangladesh from 2008 to 2012 with a diagnosis of one of the six chosen climate-sensitive infectious diseases were enrolled in the study. Climate-related data were collected from the Bangladesh Meteorological Institute. Disease incidence was then analyzed against mean temperature, humidity and average rainfall for the Sylhet region. Statistical significance was determined using Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test and ANOVA testing. 5033 patients were enrolled (58% male, 42% female, ratio 1.3:1). All six diseases showed highly significant (p = 0.01) rises in incidence

GERICKE, OJ y DU PLESSIS, JA. Evaluation of critical storm duration rainfall estimates used in flood hydrology in South Africa. Water SA [online]. 2011, vol.37, n.4, pp.453-469. ISSN 1816-7950.. Design rainfall comprises of a depth and duration associated with a given probability of exceedance or return period. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the methods used in flood hydrology to estimate depth-duration-frequency (DDF) relationships of design rainfall in South Africa based on the critical storm duration or time of concentration (TC) of a catchment. The influence of the type of rainfall, areal and temporal distribution of rainfall were also investigated to establish if a relationship exists between the catchment area, TC and areal reduction factors (ARFs). The DDF relationships based on the least-square regression analyses of Log-Extreme Value Type 1 distributions, the modified Hershfield equation, the regionalised South African Weather Service (SAWS) n-day design rainfall ...

NASA. Tropical Depression Pewa dissipated in the northwestern Pacific Ocean early on Aug. 26, 2013. NASA satellite data on the previous day showed that rainfall had greatly diminished in the depression.. On Aug. 25, Tropical Depression Pewas circulation had expanded and the storm weakened. Forecasters at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center expected Pewa would dissipate over the next day. Earlier thoughts were that Pewa might hang together and become an extra-tropical storm, but it appears that the life is leaving the storm.. The Joint Typhoon Warning Centers official, final position for Pewa was noted on Aug. 25 at 0300 UTC/Aug. 24 at 11 p.m. EDT, when it was centered near 28.7 north and 166.5 east. It was about 552 nautical miles north of Wake Island and was moving west-northwest at 8 knots/9.2 mph/14.8 kph.. NASAs TRMM/Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite captured Pewas waning rainfall on Aug. 25 at 14:17 UTC/10:17 a.m. EDT. TRMMs precipitation radar data showed moderate rainfall in ...

DISCUSSION: In the wake of the incoming moisture plume linked to the current atmospheric river moving ashore into parts of the western United States, the threat for a high-impact heavy rainfall event remains an issue for many people across southern-to-central California and surrounding areas. As noted in the graphic above (courtesy of forecasters over at the National Weather Service office located in Oxnard, California), there will likely be a number of broken periods of moderate to heavy rainfall across many parts of the NWS Oxnard forecast coverage area. Therefore, if you or someone you know happens to live in this area or contacts you that they are near or approaching flooded roadways, be sure to urge them to remain cautious and avoid those roadways so as to avoid getting swept away in floodwaters. In addition to the heavy rainfall, there also is a legitimate concern for strong, gusty winds as the heart of the atmospheric river (and associated mid-level energy) moves further inland with ...

By Wednesday, high pressure departs. A wandering, elongated, slow area of low pressure arrives for the rest of the week, bringing decent chances of rain as early as Wednesday afternoon, but more likely Thursday and Friday.. Currently the most likely time period for rain and storms is Thursday night.. Cloud cover will cut temps a few degrees, but its still going to be very humid. Without high pressure there to prevent all that humidity from lifting and becoming rain or storms, we should expect downpours at times.. Models do not have a handle on specific timing, so Ill leave it to your crap app to do the irresponsible speculation and guesswork. WPCs how much we think it will rain from now until next Sunday morning has us down for total rainfall under 0.75″:. ...

History:. Coming Soon!. Type of Runoff Managed: This rain garden manages storm water from the Hurffville Elementary School parking lot and sidewalk. A stone-lined drainage ditch will be installed to direct the stormwater runoff into the rain garden. Installation: Master Gardeners, Rutgers Cooperative Extension faculty and staff, and approximately fifteen Hurfville Elementary School students and faculty volunteered their time to help with the installation of this rain garden. Plant List:. Coming Soon!. Maintenance: The rain garden is maintained by the faculty, staff, and students of Hurffville Elementary School.. ...

Day two of the Limerick racing festival has been cancelled following heavy rainfall last night and early this morning.. Horse Racing Ireland confirmed the news this morning following 18mm of rainfall and an inspection will take place ahead of day threes action at 8am tomorrow morning.. Racing at Leopardstown, meanwhile, was given the go-ahead today despite last nights wet weather.. In the UK, Chepstows Coral Welsh Grand National meeting was also abandoned today due to a waterlogged track.. Clerk of the course Libby OFlaherty inspected at 7.45am but was left with no choice but to call the meeting off.. Weve had another 27mm overnight and this morning, up to 7am when I was walking the track, said OFlaherty.. Its so annoying as theres just one area of false ground down the back straight and I was trying to find a way around it but there just isnt one.. Speaking later in the morning OFlaherty confirmed that the meeting would now be run on January 9.. Weve rescheduled for January 9. ...

This study examines how the Asian monsoon influences relationships between chlorophyll-a (Chl) and total phosphorus (TP), by means of a case study on Taechung Reservoir, Korea. A log-log regression model of Chl vs. TP was found to be quadratic relations, with Chl approaching an asymptote above 50 μg l-1 TP. This is similar to the pattern previously reported for temperate lakes in Europe and North America. However, viewing the data by season, a highly significant linear model was obtained during the pre- and post-monsoon periods (R2 ≥ 0.83), but not during the summer monsoon (R2 = 0.004). In the monsoon period, samples > 50 μg l-1 TP (23% of the total observations) had fourfold lower Chl yields per unit TP (average = 0.17) compared to samples from the same TP range in the other seasons (average = 0.76) and were strongly correlated (r = 0.97, n = 17) to non-volatile suspended solids (NVSS). Yield of Chl per unit TP also increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the mid- and down-lake zones, ...

What is acid rain? Acid rain is any form of precipitation with high levels of nitric and sulphuric acids. It can be caused by burning fossil fuels.

Acid rain forms when water vapor in the air reacts with certain chemical compounds. These compounds, including sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, come largely from the burning of coal, gasoline, and oil. Most automobiles, factories, and power plants burn such fuels for energy. Regions affected by acid rain include large parts of eastern North America, Scandinavia and central Europe ...

Halloween is just around the corner and one of Reeboks classic kicks is getting into the spirit of the holiday. The Kamikaze II Mid Acid Rain provides a spooky twist on the popular sneaker and will be arriving at BAIT on October 25. The entire side panel and tongue badge are given a luminous glow-in-the-dark treatment, creating a supernatural aura for the shoes. The heavy use of GITD is paired with an electric shade of yellow on the toebox, midsole, and lining, plus some good ol black for bold contrast. The shocking new colorway is a perfect pair of sneakers to rock with your Halloween costume, or just as a head-turning pair of kicks on a normal day. The Kamikaze II Mid Acid Rain will be available in limited quantities on October 25 at the flagship store and online at BAITme.com - retail is $100. Hit the jump for more pictures.. ...

Acid rain is a major problem today and YOU can help fix that! One way you can help control acid rain is by conserving energy. You can conserve energy in many different ways such as turning off lights, televisions, computers, and other electronic devices. You can also try to limit the amount of air conditioning you use or adjust the thermostat when you go on vacation. Biking or walking is always better than driving in cars or other vehicles because it causes less pollution. ﻽ ...

Winter wheat root growth was measured and modelled to improve site-specific soil and fertilizer management in commercial wheat fields. Field variations in root length densities were analysed at two contrasting sites in East-Germany during two vegetation seasons. A semi-automated root analysing method was developed to facilitate analyses of large numbers of samples. Influences of variations in soil water states, bulk densities and penetration resistances on spatial distributions of roots were quantified. Differences in soil characteristics were large between the two sites and affected root growth considerably. The same field data was used for validating the soil moisture and root growth calculations of the widely applied growth model CERES-Wheat. Simulations of root length densities, soil physical properties and soil water contents were inadequate. The effects of changes of rainfall variabilities on simulated root length densities and soil water contents were tested by uncertainty analysis but ...

The simplest way to collect rain water is to channel the water off your roof into gutters and down pipes that pour into a rain barrel.. Normally, this type of storage system is above ground and is gravity fed with a spigot at the bottom of the barrel to connect a water hose.. Harvested rainwater has many uses- from watering your garden and topping off your pond to washing your car or supplying drinking water for your livestock.. What if you had a large garden you wish to irrigate using harvested rainwater?. You may need more than one or two rain barrels.. Why not create a water storage system that would also add beauty to your yard?. The concept is the same; you collect rain from the gutter downspout just as you would for your rain barrel.. Water is then routed into an underground cistern you created by using liner, pump vault and eco-blox.. ...

Written for the Australia-Indonesia Centre. Small urban rain gardens are popping up all around Australia and Indonesia to keep waterways free from pollutants, stop flooding and erosion, and to grow food.. Although they may look similar to a normal garden, beneath the surface rain gardens are a sandwich of layers of sand, gravel, roots and microbes through which polluted water passes and clean water exits, which can then be used for irrigation or washing.. Rain gardens are one of the best landscaping design ideas to come out of Melbourne-they are easy to maintain and water saving, says Associate Professor David McCarthy from Monash Universitys Environmental and Public Health Microbiology Laboratory.. Supported by The Australia-Indonesia Centre, David is working with Professor Hadi Susilo Arifin of Bogor Agricultural University to bring rain garden technology to communities in Bogor, Indonesia.. Known as Indonesias rainy city, Bogor receives 3000 mm of rain per year. Colonial era irrigation ...

The main goal of this thesis was to investigate primary biogenic aerosol emission from the Amazon rain forest through measurements of vertical turbulent aerosol number fluxes. In addition, the particle dry deposition sink has been analysed and quantified, and is also compared with the dry deposition sink at a boreal forest site.. The total aerosol number flux of particles with diameter larger than 10 nm was dominated by downward fluxes at the rain forest site, even in the most pristine conditions in the wet season. This is an indication that the primary biogenic aerosol number source is small when considering the total particle size spectrum. However, size resolved aerosol number fluxes indicated net emission for particles with dry diameter 0.5-2.5 μm in clean conditions. These emission fluxes are likely explained by a primary biogenic aerosol source from the rain forest and seemed to be best correlated with horizontal wind speed, peaking during afternoon. Even though there are few particles in ...

We obtained monthly climate data for all meteorological stations in Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah that were listed with the Western Regional Climate Center (www.wrcc.dri.edu; Western U.S. Climate Historical Summaries, September 1, 2004-Decmber 14, 2004) and determined annual values for total precipitation, mean minimum temperature, and mean maximum temperature. We then identified 22 of those stations associated with piñon-juniper woodlands based on two criteria. First, stations were within 1,000 m of the piñon-juniper vegetation type where P. edulis was either the dominant or codominant plant species, as defined by the United States Geological Survey Gap Analysis Program (GAP) distribution map of dominant vegetation (scale of 1:100,000; www.gap.uidaho.edu). The GAP map is derived from satellite imagery combined with existing data, air and field study, and expert knowledge. Our second criterion was that the record of monthly precipitation and temperature for the drought intervals of ...

Samaná has a tropical wet climate (Köppen-Geiger classification: Af) with no dry or cold season as it is constantly moist (rainfalls during the whole year).[3] The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is 2,211.9 mm (87.1 in). The month with the most precipitation on average is November with 257.2 mm (10.1 in) of rainfall, followed by October with 246.9 mm (9.7 in). The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is February with an average of 109.5 mm (4.3 in) and the second is March with 116.6 mm (4.6 in). Samaná is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is 26.2 °C (79.2 °F). The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of 27.85 °C (82.1 °F). The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of 24.15 °C (75.5 °F). ...

Most of the public land held by the U.S. National Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management is in the Western states. Public lands account for 25 to 75 percent of the total land area in these states.[8]. As a generalization, the climate of the West can be described as semi-arid. However, parts of the West get extremely high amounts of rain or snow, and still other parts are true desert and get less than 5 inches (130 mm) of rain per year. Also, the climate of the West is quite unstable, as areas that are normally wet can be very dry for years and vice versa. The seasonal temperatures vary greatly throughout the West. Low elevations on the West Coast have warm summers and mild winters with little to no snow. The desert southwest has very hot summers and mild winters. While the mountains in the southwest receive generally large amounts of snow. The Inland Northwest has a continental climate of warm to hot summers and cold to bitter cold winters. Annual rainfall is greater in the eastern ...

Related to this article..Sandbag to stop leaking contaminated water outflowed due to typhoon rain [URL]. According to Tepco, the local dam of a tank area overflowed due to the rain related to Typhoon around 13:00 of 9/15/2013.. The tank area is located closer to the Pacific than the tank area that experienced 300m3 of leakage.. Tepco was preparing to clear the dam before it overflows due to the Typhoon related rain, but they were actually too late.. The radioactivity density in the overflowed water is still under analysis.. Contaminated water problem is literally overflowing due to the Typhoon related rain.. http://www.tepco.co.jp/cc/press/2013/1230584_5117.html. http://www.tepco.co.jp/nu/fukushima-np/roadmap/images/d130829_04-j.pdf. ...

The soils in the Red River Valley (RRV) are generally fine textured and drain very slowly. At the same time, the RRV also receives the lowest amount of annual rainfall compared to the rest of the state. That rainfall is not distributed evenly throughout the year, with excessive moisture commonly present during spring and less precipitation later during the growing season.. The focus of this project is to monitor water quality, water table level, and yield in the proposed subirrigated corn field. The field will be split into three different zones. Each zone will be managed differently in respect to controlled drainage and sub-irrigation management. Soil moisture sensors placed in the field, along with rain gauges will help determine the need for sub-irrigation. Zone one will be managed as a conventional tile system that is open all year and sub-irrigation will not be used. The water table on zones two and three will be managed at different heights throughout the growing season by changing the ...