Rainfall pattern effect on soil erosion in soils with different texture and mineralogy. No significant main or interaction effects on soil erosion were observed (Table 3). Nevertheless, IR treatment caused higher soil erosion than SR. Soil erosion was higher in SCL compared to SL. Equally, kaolinitic soils eroded more than quartz-dominated soils.. Rainfall pattern effect on steady-state infiltration rate in soils with different texture and mineralogy. The SSIR was 10.57 mm.h-1 in SCL kaolinitic soils under IR compared to 4.68 mm.h-1 in SL kaolinitic soils. However, under the same rainfall pattern, SSIR was 2.99 mm.h-1 in SCL and 2.87 mm.h-1 in SL in quartz-dominated soils. Moreover, the dominance of quartz resulted in lower SSIR than for kaolinitic soil within the same rainfall pattern and texture class. In the SR treatment, SSIR was 5.79 mm-h-1 in kaolinitic SCL soils compared to 3.67 mm.h-1 in quartz-dominated SCL soils. Therefore, both IR and SR rainfall patterns reduced SSIR in SCL and SL ...

Trend and climate change were studied in annual rainfall data for the period of 62 years (1949-2010) of Sagar and 65 years (1945-2010) of Damoh districts of Bundelkhand region of central India. The analysis of weekly rainfall probability was also carried out at both the locations for field operations and crop planning in rainfed agricultural system for improving the farmers livelihood. Mean annual rainfall was 1233.8 mm with 32.6% variability for Sagar and 1225.1 mm with 30.3% variability for Damoh region. Sagar and Damoh region exhibited significant decreasing trend in the total amount of annual rainfall in the last 15 years (1996 to 2010). Also, both locations showed significant long-term decreasing trend in annual rainfall. Climate of both the regions have changed as in the recent 15 years annual rainfall had decreased by 156.4 and 310.7 mm at Sagar and Damoh from their long period average (LPA), respectively. The Initial and conditional rainfall probability analysis at Damoh reinforced

Although desert soils support functionally important microbial communities that affect plant growth and influence many biogeochemical processes, the impact of future changes in precipitation patterns on the microbiota and their activities is largely unknown. We performed in-situ experiments to investigate the effect of simulated rainfall on bacterial communities associated with the widespread perennial shrub, Rhazya stricta in Arabian desert soils. The bacterial community composition was distinct between three different soil compartments: surface biological crust, root-attached, and the broader rhizosphere. Simulated rainfall had no significant effect on the overall bacterial community composition, but some population-level responses were observed, especially in soil crusts where Betaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteria, and Bacilli became more abundant. Bacterial biomass in the nutrient-rich crust increased three-fold one week after watering, whereas it did not change in the rhizosphere, despite its ...

Your mind and your experience call to me You have lived and your intelligence is sexy I want to know what you got to say I want to know what you got to say I want to know what you got to say I can tell you taste like the sky cause you look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You think like a whip on a horses back Stretched out to the limit you make it crack Send that horse round and round the track I want to know what you got to say I want to know what you got to say I want to know what you got to say I can tell you taste like the sky cause you look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You look like rain You

Frequency of power outages associated with extreme events. There were fifty two reports of power outages across nineteen countries caused by extreme events during the first three months of 2013. Overall, the results from the bulletins search gave an impression of how frequent and widespread power outages are during extreme events. The events and outages occurred in both economically developed and less developed nations and in island and mainland state settings. It is interesting to note that none of the media reports contained any reference to health impacts.. The surprisingly high number of power outages reported in the PHE Extreme Events Bulletin is likely to be an under-representation of worldwide power outages. This is despite the news articles included in the PHE Extreme Events Bulletin being collected from several international media sources. These media sources include Google News, BBC, UK broadsheets and international webpages including PreventionWeb, UNISDR and ReliefWeb. While this ...

Understanding the role of different rainfall scenarios on faecal indicator organism (FIO) dynamics under variable field conditions is important to strengthen the evidence base on which regulators and land managers can base informed decisions regarding diffuse microbial pollution risks. We sought to investigate the impact of low intensity summer rainfall on Escherichia coli-discharge (Q) patterns at the headwater catchment scale in order to provide new empirical data on FIO concentrations observed during baseflow conditions. In addition, we evaluated the potential impact of using automatic samplers to collect and store freshwater samples for subsequent microbial analysis during summer storm sampling campaigns. The temporal variation of E. coli concentrations with Q was captured during six events throughout a relatively dry summer in central Scotland. The relationship between E. coli concentration and Q was complex with no discernible patterns of cell emergence with Q that were repeated across all ...

Climate variability is an important stress factor for rural livelihoods in most developing countries where households have been adapting to environmental shocks for decades. Climate change results in increased variability and poses new challenges for rural livelihoods, as well as for policymakers in adjusting policies to changing conditions. This paper examines the potential relationships between rainfall data and household self-reported harvest shocks and local (spatial) variability of harvest shocks and coping strategies based on a survey of 2,700 rural households in the Kagera region of northern Tanzania. The results show that rainfall patterns in the region are very location-specific and that the distribution of household reported harvest shocks differs significantly between districts and correspond to the observed variability in local climate patterns. Coping strategies are focused on spreading risks and include reduced consumption, casual employment, new crops, external support and the ...

Extreme events, such as severe droughts, flooding, and disease nepidemics, are known to result in major social, economic, political, andn environmental transformations. The effects may include new constraints non land use and livelihood patterns, altered access to crucial nresources, impacts on biodiversity, and long term public health nproblems. Cumulatively, there are often far-reaching consequences for nlocal and national economies. However, outcomes vary from case to case nand surprisingly little is known about why some extreme events result inn societal transformation while others of similar magnitude do not. In nthis project, a team of anthropologists asks the question: Under what nconditions do transformations occur as a result of an extreme event?Thisn research focuses on the response of Maasai communities in northern nTanzania to the devastating drought of 2008-2009. The local people claimn this drought to be the worst in living memory, stimulating massive nmigration of livestock and ...

Many engineering, natural, human, and social phenomena are dominated by extreme events, which might not always be conveniently characterized by the extreme value theory. There are methods such as the generalized Pareto and extreme distribution function theories are derived from the extreme value theory that can be used to describe most extreme events. However, recent researches show that the extreme value theories do not work well for some extreme events especially at the tails of the events, which can be rather well described by the Dragon Kings theories. Furthermore, there are other extreme cases which intrinsically lay at the very tails of the events in the regions of ...

Rainfall has been extensively considered as one of the initial point towards the apprehension of climate change courses. Bangladesh is recently experiencing climate change impact related to hazards like cyclone, rainfall, flood, draught etc. Climate variable like rainfall is the most important parameter which is linked with agricultural aspects too for this country. Most of the rain occurred during monsoon period in Bangladesh. This study investigates temporal variability of rainfall and liner trend models on the North-West part of Bangladesh over the period of 1975-2014 using data from the Bangladesh Meteorological Department. We computed and analyzed the linear trend models by using least square estimation. We estimated mean with standard deviation, cross-correlation and linear trends of annual and monsoon rainfall using MS Excel and SPSS v21. The variability of rainfall between the stations was measured by correlation test. The annual and monsoon rainfall has been found in decreasing trends in recent

The field of extreme event attribution has burgeoned since the seminal work of Stott et al. (1). In that time, numerous event attribution frameworks have been developed (2). Although there is heterogeneity in the design of these frameworks, most use a combination of instrumental observations and climate model simulations to quantify the influence of historical anthropogenic climate forcing on the probability and/or severity of individual events. The purpose of this study is to examine whether independent out-of-sample observations can be used to assess the accuracy of changes in extreme event return intervals that are either explicitly or implicitly predicted by attribution frameworks.. Since Stott et al. (1), attribution analyses have been published for many types of events (2), including heatwaves [e.g., (3-8)], cold snaps [e.g., (3, 5, 9)], heavy rainfall [e.g., (3-6, 10)], floods [e.g., (11)], droughts [e.g., (12)], tropical cyclone precipitation [e.g., (13, 14)], storm surge flooding ...

CIMMYT annually distributes improved germplasm developed by its researchers and partners in international nurseries trials and experiments. The High Rainfall Wheat Yield Trial (HRWYT) contains very top-yielding advance lines of spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) germplasm adapted to high rainfall, Wheat Mega-environment 2 (ME2HR).

The meteorological station at our Wallingford, Oxfordshire site has been measuring local weather conditions, including daily rainfall, sunshine and temperature parameters, since 1962. Observations are also made of cloud cover, present weather and visibility.Daily dataThese graphs display the data manually recorded from the met site over the last six months. Latest values are

Lee, Y.G.; Kim, S.; Jeong, D.U.; Kim, J.K., and Woo, H.J., 2013. Effects of heavy rainfall on sedimentation in the tidal salt marsh of Suncheon Bay, South Korea.. Tide observations, geographic surveys, sediment composition, and sediment accretion rate monitoring were conducted to investigate the relationship between general pattern changes and control factors of the accretion rate at 10 localities of the tidal salt marsh of Suncheon Bay over 2 years (June 2007-May 2009). The substrate sediments of the tidal salt marshes that are distributed between the mean sea level and the high water of ordinary spring tide are mainly composed of silt (37.98%) and clay (60.45%) and have a high average annual accretion rate of 28.88 mm/y. The high substrate sedimentation of tidal salt marshes is caused by: (1) a high concentrated suspended sediment supply from the tidal flat; (2) considerable marsh grass vegetation; (3) undeveloped tidal salt marsh creek; and (4) marsh elevation distributed between the mean sea ...

The calibration procedure will automatically perform calibration at four points of rainfall intensity typically in the range 40-80mm/hr.. This allows the company to offer users more detailed technical information on the product and improved service levels.. All gauges will now be supplied with a printed multi-point calibration certificate, essential for traceability of data and product performance auditing.. Gauges are accurate to A correction algorithm is now also provided as standard, allowing users to undertake correction of rainfall data at extremely high rainfall densities if required ( With correction, all tipping buckets provide intensity errors of In addition to the calibration improvements, the funnel outlet diameter on the 0.2mm- and 0.5mm-capacity buckets have been increased to remove funnel back-up effects, reducing cost of ownership and the need for service visits in the field.. All Casella tipping bucket rain gauges are WMO and BMO compliant and calibrated in full compliance with ...

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frequency of 6 to 12 events per year. In its active phase, the MJO is associated with convection and rainfall. There is evidence to suggest that the MJO is closely correlated with rainfall events of northern Australia. The project investigates the spatial extent, and seeks to better define the influence of the MJO on rainfall in Queensland. Queensland rainfall data was analysed for underlying spatial and temporal patterns, utilising the Real-Time Multivariate MJO Index developed by the Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre. Correlations were identified between rainfall events in Queensland and the location of the active phase of the Madden Julian Oscillation, as defined by the Real-Time Multivariate MJO Index.. ...

The depth-duration-frequency (DDF) model developed as part of the Flood Estimation Handbook (FEH) enables estimates of design rainfall to be made at any location in the UK. This study presents a shortcut method for estimating seasonal design rainfall for a summer and winter season, respectively, using a simple seasonal correction factor in combination with the FEH DDF estimate of design rainfall. The seasonal correction factors were derived for the summer and winter season for a range of durations. The observed correction factors were linked to standard average annual rainfall available from the FEH CD-ROM, thereby enabling the use of this method at any location in the UK. The results obtained in this study are shown to correspond well to the summary statistics on seasonal rainfall presented in the Flood Studies Report.. ...

Abstract. Sampling along a precipitation gradient in tropical South America extending from ca. 0.8 to 2.0 m a−1, savanna soils had consistently lower exchangeable cation concentrations and higher C / N ratios than nearby forest plots. These soil differences were also reflected in canopy averaged leaf traits with savanna trees typically having higher leaf mass per unit area but lower mass-based nitrogen (Nm) and potassium (Km). Both Nm and Km also increased with declining mean annual precipitation (PA), but most area-based leaf traits such as leaf photosynthetic capacity showed no systematic variation with PA or vegetation type. Despite this invariance, when taken in conjunction with other measures such as mean canopy height, area-based soil exchangeable potassium content, [K]sa , proved to be an excellent predictor of several photosynthetic properties (including 13C isotope discrimination). Moreover, when considered in a multivariate context with PA and soil plant available water storage ...

The west basin of Lake Erie has been seriously impacted by rain water runoff which carries contaminants and phosphorous which in turn fuels large blooms of toxic algae. To mitigate this a simple green infrastructure project, to be designed and tested is the installation of rain gardens. Rain gardens are constructed around drains and catch basins to collect rainwater before it goes into the subsurface system. The rain gardens will have native plants chosen for their ability to filter contaminants and having high uptakes for phosphorous. The first flush of rain is often the most contaminated so even small rain events can be detrimental to water quality and with a rain garden should greatly reduce that water from ever reaching the storm drains.. Our rain garden project is supporting the work that the Essex Region Conservation Authority does and will be constructed as a pilot project in the Town of Harrow, at the arena adjacent the Harrow High School where stormwater from the municipal parking lots ...

California is divided into six hydrologic regions (fig. 1). The regression equations developed for these regions are for estimating peak discharges (QT) having recurrence intervals T that range from 2 to 100 years. The explanatory basin variables used in the equations are drainage area (A), in square miles; mean annual precipitation (P), in inches; and an altitude index (H), which is the average of altitudes in thousands of feet at points along the main channel at 10 percent, and 85 percent of the distances from the site to the divide. The variables A and H may be measured from topographic maps. Mean annual precipitation (P) is determined from a map in Rantz (1969). The regression equations were developed from peak-discharge records of 10 years or longer, available as of 1975, at more than 700 gaging stations throughout the State. The regression equations are applicable to unregulated streams but are not applicable to some parts of the State (see fig. 1). The standard errors of estimate for the ...

The prolonged dry spell is expected to continue in different parts of the country with no chances of any rain by the end of December, according to reports by the Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD).. Met Office Forecasting Division Deputy Director Aleemul Hassan has said that the rainless winter season would continue for the next two weeks while there are chances of partly cloudy weather conditions and light rain in some parts.. He said the reason of delay in winters first significant rain this year like the previous year is the climate change and the developing stage of El Nino in the Pacific Ocean.. Hassan said the weekend has passed without any rain despite forecast of rain by the weather experts. No favourable condition is expected for rain during the next few days, he added.. RAIN STARVED WHEAT CROP:. The official said that the prolonged dry spell has also affected agriculture besides causing seasonal diseases.. The dry spell has affected badly wheat crop in barani areas as the crop ...

Abstract. This study presents past and projected temporal changes in mean temperature and rainfall around the Marsabit Forest Reserve (MFR), a sub-humid montane forest in Kenya. Rainfall data for the period 1961-2014 and temperature data for the period 1972-2011 were acquired from the Marsabit meteorological station. Future projections (2006-2100) were based on data from five models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. Climate simulations for the 2071-2100 period were compared to the 1961-1990 IPCC baseline period to establish significant change. The MFR recorded a mean rainfall of 784 mm which declined annually at a rate of 6 mm over the period of the study. The long rains (March-May) recorded a mean of 379 mm and decreased annually by 10 mm while the short rains (October-December) recorded a mean of 269 mm and decreased annually by 2 mm between 1961 and 2014, with no statistically ...

Rapid estimation of national rainwater yield for low and high performance scenarios is derived using Taylors Hyetal Index (THI). Stochastic representations of the modes of failure of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems is the foundation of THI. THI holds a strong regression to RWH performance for 7,000 variations in the national residential built environment (r2 = 0.96). A small subset of 34 variations is presented in this summary paper. THI is based on inspecting daily rainfall data from the Bureau of Meteorology, which enables rapid and accurate rainwater yield estimation at potentially any location throughout Australia. A review of the Queensland RWH mandate, using THI, has demonstrated many locations can achieve or are close to achieving their water saving targets. The worst performing region is South East Queensland, which is also an area of high population and municipal water demand. This region is also able to significantly exceed their water saving target, when adopting a RWH system ...

Identification of rain can help to better understand the impact of geophysical effects associated with rain on scatterometer wind quality, and to develop an improved QC approach for scatterometer data processing. In the first part of this report, an image processing method, known as singularity analysis (SA), is used to detect the geophysical effects associated with rain. The performance of SA for rain detection is validated using ASCAT Level-2 data collocated with satellite radiometer rain data. The rain probability as a function of SA-derived singularity exponent (SE) parameter is calculated and compared with other rain-sensitive parameters, such as the MLE. The results indicate that the SA is effective in detecting the presence of rain in ASCAT wind vector cells (WVCs). Moreover, SA is a complementary rain indicator to the MLE parameter, thus showing great potential for an improved scatterometer QC ...

Climate change, air pollution and extreme events leading to increasing prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases - up-to-the-minute news and headlines. 7thSpace is a online portal covering topics such as Family, Business, Entertainment, Headlines, Recipes and more. A place for the whole family featuring many different sections to chose from.

Abstract. The present study aimed to develop a hybrid model to predict the rainfall time series of Urmia Lake watershed. For this purpose, a model based on dis

The fine particulate matter produced by car exhaust and other human sources of pollution forms cloud condensation nuclei, leads to the production of clouds and increases the likelihood of rain. As commuters and commercial traffic cause pollution to build up over the course of the week, the likelihood of rain increases: it peaks by Saturday, after five days of weekday pollution has been built up. In heavily populated areas that are near the coast, such as the United States Eastern Seaboard, the effect can be dramatic: there is a 22% higher chance of rain on Saturdays than on Mondays.[61] The urban heat island effect warms cities 0.6 to 5.6 °C (1.1 to 10.1 °F) above surrounding suburbs and rural areas. This extra heat leads to greater upward motion, which can induce additional shower and thunderstorm activity. Rainfall rates downwind of cities are increased between 48% and 116%. Partly as a result of this warming, monthly rainfall is about 28% greater between 32 to 64 km (20 to 40 mi) downwind ...

The fine particulate matter produced by car exhaust and other human sources of pollution forms cloud condensation nuclei, leads to the production of clouds and increases the likelihood of rain. As commuters and commercial traffic cause pollution to build up over the course of the week, the likelihood of rain increases: it peaks by Saturday, after five days of weekday pollution has been built up. In heavily populated areas that are near the coast, such as the United States Eastern Seaboard, the effect can be dramatic: there is a 22% higher chance of rain on Saturdays than on Mondays.[61] The urban heat island effect warms cities 0.6 to 5.6 °C (1.1 to 10.1 °F) above surrounding suburbs and rural areas. This extra heat leads to greater upward motion, which can induce additional shower and thunderstorm activity. Rainfall rates downwind of cities are increased between 48% and 116%. Partly as a result of this warming, monthly rainfall is about 28% greater between 32 to 64 km (20 to 40 mi) downwind ...

A maritime climate maintains relatively temperate, wet conditions. Average high temperatures at sea level vary seasonally from the 30s in January to the 60s in July. In contrast, monthly rainfall totals, averaging 4 to 6 inches in Kodiak, show little seasonal variation. Some lowlands along the east side of Kodiak Island receive more than twice the amount of total annual rainfall as lowlands along the islands westside due to storm travel patterns coupled with the rain shadow effect of mountains. Some mountains receive substantial snowfall and small glaciers ring the shadowed sides of tallest peaks. ...

Welcome to The Rain Run, presented by GORE-TEX®! This boutique half marathon is a great way start off the year. January in the Pacific Northwest is typically wet but mild, which we think makes for fun running weather. At the Rain Run, we believe it\s better to be running and wet, than sitting and dry. So get out your rain gear and join us for a 13.1 mile romp through the rain, and go home feeling like you rocked the grey weather, it didn\t rock you! ​​Join us for this awesome run on January 21st, 2017 and you\ll get: - Chip-timed half marathon entry.- Bling! Your huge, shiny finisher\s medal will put an exclamation point or two on your \kick butt in the rain\ moment!- NEW!! To celebrate our fifth year, we\re giving every finisher a cozy Rain Run blanket to snuggle up in after the race!- Finish line food, including cupcakes with, what else SPRINKLES!- Chance for random prize give-aways from our sponsors.- Bragging rights that you kicked butt in the rain. The half

MIT engineers have created an algorithm that can pinpoint the underlying patterns leading up to real world 'extreme events,' in hopes develop ways to prevent them.

2008 ). It may be that the SST-forced variation in Sahel rainfall is controlled by different mechanisms, and other forcing besides SST (e.g., land surface processes) could play a role in controlling the rainfall variability ( Biasutti et al. 2008 ). Figure 2. The correlation coefficients of detrended SST at each grid point in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans during (a) spring and (b) summer with detrended time series of summer rainfall area averaged over the Sahel from 1982 to 2006. The contour is. ...

Geochemical, isotope and clay mineralogical analyses of the palaeosols indicate a range in soil alkalinity and amount of water logging. Estimates of mean annual rainfall from palaeosol compositions are 1000-1500 mm per year. The high mean annual rainfall and variable soil alkalinities contrast markedly with dry periods that developed deep penetrating cracks and evaporite deposits. It is concluded that during the early Carboniferous, this region experienced a sharply contrasting seasonal climate and that the floodplain hosted a mosaic of closely juxtaposed but distinct habitats in which the tetrapods lived. The diversification of coastal floodplain environments identified here may link to the evolution and movement of tetrapods into the terrestrial realm ...

Changes in the hydrological characteristics have an impact on the environment. The reasons for the impact in the Bregalnica river basin are heavy rains and long

Using a network of a newly introduced type of rain gauge that can measure rainfall with drop-by-drop precision, KAUST researchers have developed a high-frequency rainfall model to improve understanding of rainfall/runoff dynamics, such as flash flooding and hydrodynamics in small watersheds.. Rainfall modeling is one of the core aspects of weather forecasting and is often used to predict other weather parameters, such as wind and solar irradiance. Yet the power and insight of such models are limited by the data used to construct them. When it comes to precipitation, this means that modelers have to rely on sparse recordings of rainfall at 6-15-minute intervals at best, but more often hourly intervals. This leads to a smoothing of rainfall over time and a loss of information about how much rain falls during each rainfall event, which is a problem, according to Ph.D. student Yuxiao Li.. This assumption is not appropriate for modeling precipitation at high frequency because large quantities of ...

Estimates of the mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), soil moisture, and soil carbon at 30 arc second resolution were obtained from the WorldClim database (www.worldclim.org). Estimates of potential evapotranspiration (PET) and net primary productivity (NPP) at 30 arc minute resolution were obtained from the Atlas of the Biosphere (www.sage.wisc.edu/atlas/maps.php). Variation coefficients for MAT and MAP were computed based on the average monthly values to represent seasonality of temperature and precipitation. We also calculated the difference of MAP to PET in order to evaluate the effect of rainfall surplus or deficit. On the basis of vegetation type and geographical distribution, sites were categorized into biogeographic regions and biomes following the classification of the World Wildlife Foundation (http://worldwildlife.org) with a few exceptions: (i) temperate deciduous forests in the Northern and Southern hemispheres were treated separately; (ii) tropical ...

A searing heat wave rare even for the Desert Southwest sent temperatures soaring to record levels on Monday, with Needles, California, tying its record high for the date of 118 °F (47.8 °C). The temperature might have gone higher in Needles, but a thunderstorm rolled in at 3:20 p.m., and by 3:56 p.m. PDT, rain began falling at a temperature of 115 °F (46.1 °C). Most of the rain evaporated, since the humidity was only 11%, and only a trace of precipitation was recorded in the rain gauge. Nevertheless, Mondays rain at 115 °F in Needles sets a new world record for the hottest rain in world history. I dont think many people were outside to experience to experience the feeling of rain falling at 115 °F, but if they were, it must have been an uncomfortable, sauna-like experience! Thanks go to Dr. Warren Blier of the NWS Monterey office for pointing out this remarkable event to me. ...

A rain garden is a garden of native shrubs, perennials, and flowers planted in a small depression, which is generally formed on a natural slope. It is designed to temporarily hold and soak in rain water runoff that flows from roofs, driveways, patios or lawns. Rain gardens are effective in removing up to 90% of nutrients and chemicals and up to 80% of sediments from the rainwater runoff. Compared to a conventional lawn, rain gardens allow for 30% more water to soak into the ground. It is not a pond or wetland, but is dry most of the time and typically holds water during and following a rainfall event.

So...my previous post concerned the horrific drought we are facing here in California, with a third straight year of below average rainfall, less than half of normal in many places. And yet, one place in California has been hit this weekend with way more of the wet stuff than they need, with serious consequences: Death Valley.. Death Valley National Park (the climate station at Furnace Creek anyway) is recognized as the driest place in the United States, with an overall average rainfall of 1.92 inches a year (a bit more in the last 30 years, about 2.54 inches). So how many places in the world can you think of that can get half of a years average precipitation in one day? That happened yesterday at Death Valley, as they got 0.96 inches (on top of about 0.20 inches the previous day). And two more storms are due this week.. That doesnt sound like very much to anyone who lives in a more humid climate, but in a desert, nothing holds the water back...no soils to speak of, no plants. Gullies and ...

Those of us in the Bay Area are looking out our windows right now and seeing the wind and rain. Only the hard core ducks as I call those who come out in this weather, are shopping for plants or tending to their gardens in this weather. Im not one of those. If its raining or has just rained, Im staying inside and pining for clear skies. That said, have you noticed that after a rain our gardens seem to positively glow? More so than if we watered the garden by hand. The rain doesnt just clean the air, a good thing in itself. No I believe that rain is a much healthier way for our gardens to receive moisture. Call it prana if you will or the fact that Mother Nature just does everything better. Of course when we get a lot of rain, like in these series of storms, the rain is soaking deeper into the ground than is usually the case when we hand water the garden. That means it gets to plants with deeper root systems ...

Daily rainfall for the current day is the 24-hour total rainfall from 9am (local time) the day before, to 9am of the current day. Each day at about 1:30pm AEST, rainfall values from up to 3000 sites across the country are analysed onto 0.25x0.25 and 0.05x0.05 degree grids with limited quality control. Monthly analyses are carried out on the last day of the month, across a similar number of sites, using accumulated daily rainfall data for the month.. The national map shown on the web is based on the 0.05x0.05 degree grid, sub-sampled at every fifth point to give an effective resolution of 0.25x0.25 degrees. The regional maps are based directly on the 0.05x0.05 degree grids, so there may be some differences in the fine detail between the national map and the regional maps.. All analyses and maps are progressively updated over the following twelve months, as new data become available and as the data in the climate database are improved through quality control. The schedule of updates provides an ...

The Collective Prevention Services (CPS), a government department under the Ministry of Public Health, Social Development and Labour, is reminding the community to remain proactive in removing mosquito breeding habitats in and around your yard or place of business after any rainfall event ...

After rain: the blue that is left over, that lingers, that breathes anew.. After rain: the sky in the rear view mirror, the little moments, Stairway to Heaven playing on the radio, the crescendo, the birds, and why.. After rain: the so-much that is blue, so far, so unreachable, so present, its flickering noticed only via distance.. After rain: the crisp air that taints my lungs with blue, that lies beneath, that immovable, impassive sheet.. After rain: you, alone, you, here.. After rain: the impenetrable sadness of all this.. That is, Im driving in the car, singing to Nashvilles Nothing in the World Will Ever Break My Heart Again, and Im crying though Im not sure why, and somehow it seems that all of the sadness of my entire existence, all of the sadness of the phantom individuals that have dipped in and out of my life, all of the sadness of my mother, the sky, the world, it has all caught up to me in this moment and the harder I cry, the more I cant stop singing, and the harder I sing, ...

Focus On The Family spokesman STUART SHEPARD, speaking four years ago today: Would it be wrong to ask people to pray? Would it be wrong if we asked people to pray for rain? O.K., not just rain, abundant rain. Torrential rain. Urban and small stream flood advisory rain. Would it be wrong if we prayed for rain on, say, a particular night at, say, a particular location? Ah, say the evening of August 28th, right here at Mile High Stadium here in Denver. During the prime time t.v. hour when a certain presumptive nominee is set to give a certain acceptance speech at a certain Democratic National Convention?. Im talkin umbrella aint gonna help ya rain. Not flood people out of their houses rain, just good old swamp the intersections rain. Were not asking for hail the size of canned hams, or lightening bolts to set the bunting on fire. Just rain. Beautiful rain. Network cameras cant see the podium rain. Attendees cant walk to the indoor arena without wishing for hip waders rain.. I know you ...

On Monday, Delhi witnessed uninterrupted overnight rain that led to waterlogging in various parts of the city.. As per reports, the national capital recorded nearly 70mm rainfall in the past 24 hours. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) predicted light to moderate intensity rain in Delhi and NCR throughout the day.. India Meteorological Department (IMD) stared that rainfall below 15 mm rainfall is considered light, between 15 and 64.5 mm is moderate, between 64.5 mm and 115.5 mm is heavy and between 115.6 mm and 204.4 mm is very heavy. Rainfall recorded above 204.4 mm is very heavy and more than 204.4 mm is extremely heavy.. The weather department issued an advisory notifying slippery roads and traffic disruption caused due to thunderstorm and rain.. Further, the department also warned against partial damage to plantation, horticulture, standing crops, vulnerable structures, huts and kutcha houses in the view of rains and strong winds. It added that moderate to heavy ...

Equation 5) The dependency on rainfall P(R) is based on mosquito density surveys. In a rural town in western Kenya, the average number of blood fed An. Gambiae and funestus mosquitos per house was measured (per month) between October and May 2000 (Okara 2010). The data suggest an approximately linear relationship between mosquito population and rainfall level. Hydrologic studies suggest rainfall leads to increases in standing water necessary for larval growth. We model P(R) with a simple linear approximation: P(R) = R(t, r) (Equation 6) where R(t, r) is the monthly average rainfall (mm) at location r and time t. The vegetation factor P(V) is based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The NDVI algorithm used in the TERRA/MODIS mission is described in detail by (Huete et al. 1999). The NDVI scale ranges between -0.1 and 0.9 where -0.1 represent bodies of water; values close to 0 correspond to sand, rock, desert or snow; and values between 0.2 and 0.4 represent shrubs and ...

Equation 5) The dependency on rainfall P(R) is based on mosquito density surveys. In a rural town in western Kenya, the average number of blood fed An. Gambiae and funestus mosquitos per house was measured (per month) between October and May 2000 (Okara 2010). The data suggest an approximately linear relationship between mosquito population and rainfall level. Hydrologic studies suggest rainfall leads to increases in standing water necessary for larval growth. We model P(R) with a simple linear approximation: P(R) = R(t, r) (Equation 6) where R(t, r) is the monthly average rainfall (mm) at location r and time t. The vegetation factor P(V) is based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The NDVI algorithm used in the TERRA/MODIS mission is described in detail by (Huete et al. 1999). The NDVI scale ranges between -0.1 and 0.9 where -0.1 represent bodies of water; values close to 0 correspond to sand, rock, desert or snow; and values between 0.2 and 0.4 represent shrubs and ...

Summer rainfall seldom occurs in the south-west of Western Australia. Flora of the region has evolved under a Mediterranean climate having hot dry summers with rare thunder storms, and cool wet winters. The consequence of high summer rainfall is significant because the resulting conditions can favour an outbreak of the introduced soil pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi, to which many plant species in the south-west forests are susceptible.. A glasshouse experiment compared the response of drought stressed and non-stressed Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) plants when inoculated with P. cinnamomi after a simulated summer rainfall event. Clonal plants, resistant or susceptible to P. cinnamomi, were tested. The moisture content of the container substrate for inoculated and non-inoculated plants was either kept at container capacity or at a pre-determined level just above that of the wilting point of each plant for 3 weeks. Sudden restoration to container capacity simulated summer rainfall and plants were ...

There was a more effect of acid rain water in 0% and 8% as is basic Acid rain may cause the increase in breathing problems of adults and children. The United States and Canada begin study of cross-border acid rain transport. The term acid rain is actually somewhat misleading because even pure rainwater collected in areas remote from civilization is slightly acidic (pH ≈ 5.6) due to dissolved carbon dioxide, which reacts with water to give carbonic acid, a weak acid:. Generally rain water gets acidic because CO 2, SO 2 and NO 2 present in the atmosphere get dissolved in it forming carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3), sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and nitric acid (HNO 3) respectively. Dec 17, 2018 · Rain that has a higher hydrogen ion concentration than about 10-5 M is referred as acid rain. Essay on Acid Rain. Pollution, volcanic eruptions, power-generating plants, forest fires and even lightning bolts are some of the causes of acid rain. ACID RAIN Acid Rain Acid rain is defined by Kumar as a term used to de ...

Introduction. ACID RAIN An international concern Gursharn Sandhu 10CR Acid rain: I am for, the reduction of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, emissions, by 90% by the year 2010. We need to take drastic action because the effects on us are all very serious. We must protect ourselves and safeguard our future. Acid rain is the term used to describe one of the worst effects of nature. Acid rain is a mixture of sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, which are gasses being emitted into our atmosphere. These gases combine with water droplets in the atmosphere, to produce acid rain. These toxic gasses enter the clouds, so rain is highly acidic. As a result of acid rain, we suffer from terrible air pollution, so the government should recognize, this problem, and do something about it. Acid rain has a pH of about 2. This makes it very harmful, and dangerous. Acid rain is produced in countries with areas that are surrounded by industrialised buildings, such as coal fire power stations, working ...

The Climate Futures team held a workshop at UTAS Medical Sciences precinct, presenting the final analysis for the groups Compound Extreme Events project.. On 10 December 2019, the Climate Futures team held a workshop at UTAS Medical Sciences precinct presenting the final analysis for the groups Compound Extreme Events project. The project was funded by the Tasmanian Climate Change Office aiming to build our understanding of Tasmanias vulnerability to coincident extreme events and their impacts. The two compound event types selected for examination were rainfall onto a saturated catchment and lightening during flammable conditions.. Dr Tom Remenyi gave a 45 minute presentation before participants broke into groups, giving stakeholders the opportunity to provide feedback on the technical and summary reports. Attendees included personnel from the Tasmanian State Government, the SES, HydroTas, Parks and Wildlife, the Department of State Growth, Mineral Resources Tasmania and Hobart City ...

Downloadable! We provide, for the first time, comparative evidence of the impact of various types of extreme events - natural disasters, terrorism, and violent conflicts - on the perceptions of entrepreneurs concerning some key entrepreneurial issues - such as fear of failure in starting a business venture, whether individuals expect that good opportunities are likely to emerge in the next six months, and the expected level of competition stemming from creating new ventures. The occurrence of extreme events is likely to be exogenous to the perceptions affecting it so that we can identify a causal link from events to entrepreneurs and their perceptions. Using individual-level data from 43 countries from the period 2002 to 2005, we find that neither indicator of the intensity of extreme events has a significant impact on entrepreneurial activity, when country characteristics are not controlled for. Once invariant country characteristics are taken into account, we find that Terrorist Attacks have a

Acid Rain Free Essays, Acid Rain Papers. MOST POPULAR Acid Rain ESSAYS AND PAPERS at #1 Acid Rain ESSAYS COLLECTION ONLINE. Totally Free Acid Rain Essays, Acid Rain Research Papers, Acid Rain Term Papers, Acid Rain Courseworks

Acid rain is rain that contains nitric and sulfuric acid. Snow and fog can also contain nitric and sulfuric acid, and the dangerous effects are the same whether the acid is falling to the earth by rain or snow, or dancing in the air via fog. Any precipitation or dust particle that contains abnormal levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides is considered acid rain. Acid rain primarily affects the United States, Europe, and China. Acid rain directly affects the chemical and pH balances in ground water. The excess aluminum created by acid rain makes aquatic environments such as the sea, lakes, and streams, toxic. The animals that can withstand the imbalance of the waters natural minerals might survive, but quickly lose their food source as the weaker creatures die off. Animals that cannot withstand the chemical imbalances die, fail to reproduce, become deformed due to bone decalcification, or fail to grow normally. Algae growth is increased by acid rain, and rock scaling microbial and ...

There are many problems and effects caused by acid rain. Acid rain can cause buildings, statues and bridges to deteriorate faster than usual. another problem is it harms thousands of lakes, rivers, and streams worldwide. It disrupts lake ecosystems and kill wildlife in affected lakes, rivers and streams. Acid rain also damages soil and the tree roots in it. When soil is acidified, tree roots are damaged, leaving them not able to draw in enough nutrients to support the tree. When acid rain falls on trees, it makes their leaves turn brownish-yellow and the tree can no longer carry out photosynthesis properly. Another problem is it will harm people when they breathe in smog, acid rain in one of its many forms. Acid rain can also harm people in-directly. This happens when people eat fish caught in affected lakes or rivers. Also, if the water source is acidic enough, it will react with copper or lead pipes to harm humans. It also washes aluminum into the water supply. Birds can be harmed if they live ...

In some places in world the rain water has become so polluted with chemicals that it is like vinegar. This type of rain is called acid rain.. Pure water is neutral and has a pH of 7.. Natural rain water is slightly acidic mainly because of dissolved CO2 which produces carbonic acid or H2CO3. H2O(l) + CO2(g) H2CO3(aq). The pH of unpolluted rainwater ranges from pH 5 to 6.. Acid rain is rain water with a pH of less than 5. In some parts of the Northern Hemisphere the pH of the rain water has been as low as 2!. Acid rain is caused by caused by industrial pollutants.. The main industrial gases responsible are SO2 and NOx (a mixture of NO and NO2).. Major sources of industrial sulfur dioxide.. SO2(g) comes from mining smelters and the burning of coal.. ...

Acid rain is caused mostly by the combustion of fossil fuels containing sulfur and nitrogen. When sulphur and nitrogen are combusted, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are created and released into the atmosphere. Once these gases come in contact with water they become acids (Sulphuric acid and Nitric acid). This can happen either through wet deposition when rain, sleet or snow remove the gases from the air or through dry deposition when particles are deposited and absorbed into surfaces and later converted into acids when they come into contact with water. Coal power plants, electricity generation, driving a car, volcanoes and thunderstorms all contribute to acid rain. While there are natural causes of acid rain as mentioned, 90% of harmful emissions are a result of man-made sources. Acidity of rainwater is measured by the pH scale. It ranges from 0 which is highly acidic to 14 which is highly alkaline (basic). The scale point 7 is neutral. Clean rain measures at pH 5.6 while acid rain is ...

Q-Which spot in the nine-county Bay Area gets the most yearly average rainfall (and why) and which spot gets the least (and why)? And, of course, how much in each case?. Nearly all of the precipitation that we receive comes between November and April in the form of rain from moisture-bearing clouds off the Pacific. The San Francisco Bay area is well-known for its many micro-climates. Folks at the beach are freezing as the fog lingers in the Sunset District while others are sweltering in the bright sun in Livermore. The distribution and amount of rain is also all over this proverbial map.. At the Pt. Reyes Lighthouse, sticking way out into the ocean, you might expect rain to be plentiful. Wrong. Average rainfall there is only 15 inches. As storm clouds move inland and begin to rise up over the coastal mountains, the air cools. When air cools it cannot hold as much moisture and rain occurs. This is known as orographic precipitation and results in Kentfield getting 48 inches of rain per year from ...

Acid rain is created when rain mixes with pollution in the air. Pollution fills the air with an invisible gas called sulfur dioxide. (This gas is mainly a result of coal burning.) Sulfur dioxide combines with water in the air and sunlight to form a weak sulfuric acid that gives acid rain its bitter taste.. Acid rain can fall hundreds of miles from the nearest factory smokestacks. In cities, acid rain can cause damage and decay of buildings and statues. In rivers and lakes, it can kill fish, and on land, it can damage soil needed for the proper growth of plants.. Acid rain is a type of acid deposition, which can appear in many forms. Wet deposition is rain, sleet, snow, or fog that has become more acidic than normal. Dry deposition is another form of acid deposition, and this is when gases and dust particles become acidic.. Both wet and dry deposition can be carried by the wind, sometimes for very long distances. Acid deposition in dry form can be inhaled by people and can cause health problems ...

A rainwater tank (sometimes called a rain barrel in North America in reference to smaller tanks, or a water butt in the UK) is a water tank used to collect and store rain water runoff, typically from rooftops via pipes. A rainwater catchment or collection (also known as rainwater harvesting) system can yield 2358 litres (623 gal) of water from 2.54 cm (1 in) of rain on a 93 m2 (1,000 sq ft) roof. Rainwater tanks are devices for collecting and maintaining harvested rain. Rainwater tanks are installed to make use of rain water for later use, reduce mains water use for economic or environmental reasons, and aid self-sufficiency. Stored water may be used for watering gardens, agriculture, flushing toilets, in washing machines, washing cars, and also for drinking, especially when other water supplies are unavailable, expensive, or of poor quality, and when adequate care is taken that the water is not contaminated and is adequately filtered. Underground rainwater tanks can also be used for retention ...

The drought analysis is a prime component in the preparedness of drought and the water resources management. The status of drought in Jaffna was investigated using standardized precipitation index (SPI) at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months time scale using monthly rainfall (1985 - 2019) data of Thirunelvelli meteorological station. Results revealed that the annual rainfall has no trend in long term but there were seasonal and short term variations found. Around 29% of study period was under dry condition. October, November, December and January months can be recorded as rainy months. Higher number of wet events was recorded during January to March. The second inter monsoon and northeast monsoon received high amount of rainfall. The number of wet event increases with years in Yala and vice versa during Maha. That is there was some variation in the onset of rainfall in this region. Nine hydrological years 1988- 89, 1990-91, 1994-95, 2000-01, 2004-05, 2009-10, 2013-14, 2016-17 and 2018-19 as dry years and ...

Lakes and streams in North America and Europe are beginning to recover from the damage inflicted by acid rain, scientists report. The recovery is being attributed to the passage and enforcement of environmental regulations and international agreements that reduce the emissions that produce acid rain. Emissions from burning fossil fuels steadily increased from the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century until the 1970s. The sulfur and nitrates released into the atmosphere eventually return to the Earth as acid rain. This study provides the first conclusive evidence that international and regional agreements designed to reduce the emissions that cause acid rain, beginning with the United Nations First Sulphur Protocol in 1985, are working. Sulfur dioxide concentrations in north/central Europe air decreased by 63 percent between 1985 and 1996, according to the report. Sulfur dioxide is converted in the atmosphere to sulfuric acid, the main ingredient that produces acid rain. The ...

South Australia as a whole received 77% of the long term average rainfall throughout 2012 (i.e., 23% below normal), the lowest since 2006. While parts of the northeast pastoral received above average rainfall, totals for the year were below average across large areas of the agricultural districts.. The most significant rainfall event for the year was observed between the 27th of February and the 4th of March as a low pressure surface trough combined with a slow moving upper level trough and a moist tropical airmass over the northeast of the state. This system produced heavy rainfall with new daily and multi-day rainfall records at a number of locations across north-eastern districts. Marree (Mundowdna Station) received 125.6 mm on February 29, which was the wettest day of the year for any location in South Australia. Further details on this event are available in Special Climate Statement 39.. For cropping areas, April to October growing season rainfall averaged across the agricultural districts ...

The distinction between extreme weather events and extreme climate events-although often not clear nor consistent in the literature [1,6]-may be defined by the timescale of the event, with extreme weather events typically associated with changing weather patterns (from less than a day to a few weeks, e.g. heavy rains, unusually high or low temperatures) and extreme climate events occurring on longer timescales (from weeks to months, e.g. the number or fraction of cold/warm days/nights above or below a certain percentile with respect to a reference period). Extreme climate events may also be driven by the accumulation of several weather events (e.g. below-average rainy days over a season leading to a drought [9]).. From another point of view, extreme events may be defined in terms of extreme values of a continuous variable on the basis of the available climate record [9] (e.g. temperature, precipitation levels) or in the form of a discrete (point) perturbation, such as a hurricane or a heavy ...

Acid rain was a very common phenomenon before many governments stepped in to put an end to it. It is a term given to precipitation which contains various acids, but mostly sulfuric acid, which get formed when gases emitted by industry and vehicles combine with water droplets in the air. Acid rain is the most common term for this precipitation although it can also take the form of snow or fog depending on the climactic conditions of the place where it occurs. Acid rain or snow has a devastating effect on the land where it falls. It can destroy vegetation as well as animal life. Trees are stripped bare of their leaves when this rain falls on them. It can also damage the soil for good, making it unfit for cultivation. The negative results of acid rain do not stop at this. The acids wash into rivers and lakes where they kill fish and other marine life mercilessly. Certain places at high altitudes have suffered greatly as a result of these acids especially when trees in these places are surrounded by ...

While these two deserts both experience an arid climate, they also have many differences.. Area. The Sonoran Desert has an area of about 311,000 square kilometers (120,000 sq mi). The Chihuahuan Desert has an area of about 362,000 square kilometers (139,769 sq mi).. Elevation. The Sonoran Desert is lower in elevation that the Chihuahuan Desert, with some parts (in the USA) lying below sea level. The Chihuahuan Desert varies in elevation from 600-1675 m (1969-5495 ft).. Summer temperatures. The Sonoran Desert tends to have higher summer temperatures than the Chihuahuan Desert, though even in the Chihuahuan Desert, daytime temperatures in summer are usually between 35 and 40̊C (95-104̊F).. Seasonal rainfall patterns. The ratio of winter to summer rainfall decreases from west to east. Most of the Sonoran Desert (to the west) has a bimodal rainfall regime with spring and summer peaks. On the other hand, most of the limited rain that falls in the Chihuahuan Desert comes in late summer.. The ...

Although acid rain is made more acidic from the chemicals and pollution produced by human activity, some naturally occurring rain actually has acid content in it, up to a pH level of 5. However, alkaline materials in the air counteracts the acidity in naturally occurring acid rain.. Therefore, even if greenhouse gases are eliminated, there would still be naturally occurring acid rain, but not as damaging as acid rain caused by chemicals and pollution.. ...

The radar records of rain observed during 1980 by the weather radar facility of Spino dAdda in north Italy were used to generate a large data base composed of about 16,000 ground rain cells characterized by a reflectivity factor greater than 34 dBZ. This large sample of rain elements, collected at the low altitude of 1.5 km from the ground, was analyzed in order to supply the statistical information required for rain attenuation modeling. The point rainfall rate distribution calculated against this data base, as well as the cumulative distributions of maximum, mean, and root-mean-square of rain rate referred to an individual rain area (cell), were found to be power law functions of the rain rate. The study of the horizontal extent of cells, based on the entire cell collection, leads to the conclusion that the probability distribution of the linear extent D of a rain cell with a given rate intensity R exceeded over the cell is an exponential function of D, while a power law relates the ...

Acid rain is exactly what it suggests- rain that is acidic. The definition of acid rain is rain with a pH of below 5.6. Rain becomes acidic because of gases that dissolve in the rain. Approximately 70% of acid rain is a result of dissolved sulfur dio...

Pollution causes impurities to rain water and turning it to acidic substance. It is said that rain water contains many minerals and it is good for the skin and hair. However, due to the pollutants on it, it is not pure anymore. Acid rain can bring negative effects on plants, animals and even human beings. In this article, the causes of acid rain will be discussed as well as its effects on the life in the planet ...

acid rain Acid rain is perhaps the most well known and recognizable form of pollution that is affecting the world today. Acidity is measured using a pH scale, with 7 being neutral. So anything below 7 is considered to be acidic, but as far as acid rain goes, the baseline for identifying acid rain is generally below the pH level of 5.6. But there have been many debates over this value and many ...read more ...

Background. The extremely arid climate of the ABC islands makes it a surprising place to find Common Green Iguanas. The mean annual rainfall for Curaçao was 553 mm from 1971-2000. The islands have a distinct dry and wet season that peak between March-June and October-January, respectively. At the onset of the wet season, iguanas are in such a water deficit that they leave the safety of their perches and soak in the puddles. We began our fieldwork on Curaçao on the first days of rain for the season and witnessed the lethal consequences of iguanas soaking in the puddles that form in the road potholes. This was true for iguanas on the main highways, but also within the National Park.. Rainfall data from Curaçao, collected since 1830, shows a cyclic history of 2-4 year periods of extreme droughts every 12-15 years. During, or shortly after these periods, locals report seeing many emaciated and weak iguanas, including iguanas falling out of trees. Additionally, following the last two extreme ...

Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting: Berkeley averages roughly 20 inches of rain a year. That rainwater currently flows off your roof, into a stormdrain and out to the San Francisco Bay. Harvesting rainwater helps conserve water and can save you money on your water bill. Using rainwater to water your garden helps replenish local aquifers and reduces the amount of stormwater that drains into the Bay. The harvested water is low in sodium, and chloramine and fluoride free. Rainwater Catchment System Requirements: The easiest, most low-tech system is a rain barrel attached to your downspout that has a spigot and hose out to your garden; no water treatment is necessary. Most simple rainwater catchment systems will not require any permits. More complex systems can involve plumbing and electrical work, soil excavation or other structural work. For rainwater collection projects of this scale, consult a professional to review design, construction and safety considerations, and note the following review and ...

Rains in the southeast fall hard and fast. Runoff from roofs, lawns, and driveways may overload storm sewers, drainage ditches and streams. Overland flooding can often result, causing damage to homes and infrastructure. As this runoff enters the drainage network, it carries with it nutrients, sediment, oil, gas, heavy metals etc. Rain gardens help reduce the amount of potentially harmful materials that enter the water system and degrade water quality. Rain gardens also reduce the need for supplemental water on your lawn. They regenerate the groundwater by allowing water to soak into the soil, rather than run-off. Locate a rain garden to intercept runoff from roofs, yards, driveways, or streets. It should not be built within three meters (10ft) of foundation walls or on poorly drained sites. A rain garden should not be built over buried utilities and should not impede drivers vision. Do not construct a rain garden where prohibited by local bylaws or where subject to disturbance.. How a rain ...

On this, NiMet, by virtue of its mandate, is largely responsible for providing climate information and has established infrastructure delivering climate services in the country. The role of NiMet in these regards is therefore unequivocal and I assure Nigerians that the Federal Ministry of Aviation will continue to support NiMet to discharge this responsibility to the nation, the Minister said.. Some forcing functions have been observed to be likely responsible and will be monitored carefully and keep Nigerians informed. Farmers should therefore avoid early planting during this period to avoid losses the report revealed.. The Aviation Minister had in his keynote address stated that since inception of the President Muhammadu Buhari administration, the government has clearly stated Nigerias commitment to combat climate change. In keeping to this commitment, this country has been participating actively in the UNFCCC activities, including the adoption of the Paris Agreement, which has set the ...

Many parts of China, including Beijing, have had serious problems with acid rain. This is not surprising, as China is the worlds largest emitter of sulfur dioxide - a major contributor to acid rain pollution. The majority of Chinas sulfur dioxide emissions come from burning coal in electricity generating and industrial power plants. The acid rain that results has serious potential to damage crops, wildlife, and human health.. ...

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Bio: The son of British stage actor Frederick Rains, Claude Rains gave his first theatrical performance at age 11 in Nell of Old Drury. He learned the technical end of the business by working his way up from being a two-dollars-a-week page boy to stage manager. After making his first U.S. appearance in 1913, Rains returned to England, served in the Scottish regiment… More Bio: The son of British stage actor Frederick Rains, Claude Rains gave his first theatrical performance at age 11 in Nell of Old Drury. He learned the technical end of the business by working his way up from being a two-dollars-a-week page boy to stage manager. After making his first U.S. appearance in 1913, Rains returned to England, served in the Scottish regiment during WWI, then established himself as a leading actor in the postwar years. He was also featured in one obscure British silent film, Build Thy House. During the 1920s, Rains was a member of the teaching staff at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art; among his ...

Ansell TJ, Jones PD, Allan RJ, Lister D, Parker DE, BrunetM, Moberg A, Jacobeit J, Brohan P, Rayner NA, Aguilar E, Alexandersson H, Barriendos M, Brandsma T, Cox NJ, Della-Marta PM, Drebs A, Founda D, Gerstengarbe F, Hickey K, Jónsson T, Luterbacher J, Nordli Ø, Oesterle H, Petrakis M, Philipp A, Rodwell MJ, Saladie O, Sigro J, Slonosky V, Srnec L, Swail V, García-Suárez AM, Tuomenvirta H, Wang X, Wanner H, Werner P, Wheeler D, Xoplaki E. 2006. Daily mean sea level pressure reconstructions for the European-North Atlantic region for the period 1850-2003. Journal of Climate 19: 2717-2742 ...

Hot and semi-arid environments are characterised by having high temperatures , low precipitaion and sparse vegetation. An Arid environment has less than 250mm of annual rainfall, as a semi-arid environment has between 250-500mm of annual rainfall.(Aridity Index take into account evaporation and transpiration losses) Temperature- during the day under cloudless skies intense solar radiation heats the ground , which warms the air by conduction (transfer of heat loss or gain through direct contact) or convection (transfer of heat through conective air moments). At night under clear skies terrestial radiation (radiation emitted from earth) rapidly escapes and the ground cools , which then chills the air by conduction. The reason why the areas have high temperatures is because they are located at low latitudes , as here radiation is more concentrated and second the solar beam has a shorter distance to travel through the atmosphere and therefore is less diluted by reflection , scattering & absorption ...

We have identified that the extensive pollution haze emanating from Asia may be re-shaping rainfall patterns in northern Australia but we wonder what impact natural and human-generated aerosols are having across the rest of the country, Dr Rotstayn said. Aerosols are fine particles suspended in the atmosphere. Sources of human-generated aerosols include industry, motor vehicles and vegetation burning. Natural sources include volcanoes, dust storms and ocean plankton. Human-generated aerosols have long been known to exert a cooling effect on climate. This has partly masked the warming effect of increasing greenhouse gases. As aerosol pollution is predicted to decrease over the next few decades, unmasking of the greenhouse effect may lead to accelerated global warming.. However, in an address tomorrow to the International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography in Melbourne, Dr Rotstayn said aerosols are much more than a negative greenhouse gas because they can actively ...

Rainwater also contains more oxygen that tap water. You might think your plants are dangerously waterlogged as a result of excessive rain. Yet, whereas waterlogging may bring about anaerobic soil conditions and lead to root rot if you overwater your plants with tap water, the fact that rainwater is highly oxygenated may provide a margin of safety when soil is saturated after a downpour.. Carbon dioxide is also brought down to Earth to the benefit of plants when it rains. Carbon dioxide, when it combines with other minerals in the atmosphere, imparts to rainwater an acidic pH. When this acidic rainwater reaches the soil, it helps to release micronutrients such as zinc, manganese, copper and iron that are essential to plant growth but are mostly locked up in our local soil, which typically registers a neutral to alkaline pH. (Excessive pollutants in the air can produce so-called acid rain, which is harmful to plants, but is more of an issue in the Northeast than locally.). Another benefit of rain ...

Caused by air pollution, acid rains spread and damage involves weather, chemistry, soil, and the life cycles of plants and animals on the land and from acid rain in the water. Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is the major cause of acid rain.

Acid rain by Steven A. Heiskary; 2 editions; Subjects: Acid rain, Effect of water quality on, Environmental aspects of Acid rain, Fishes, Freshwater fishes, Lake ecology, Lakes, Measurement, Water quality; Places: Minnesota

I am pleased to announce today several steps being taken to ensure that the United States continues to work closely with the Canadian Government in determining and addressing the environmental effects of acid rain. These actions resulted from a review of this issue I directed my Domestic Policy Council to undertake, and are consistent with the recommendations made by the joint envoys on acid rain, Drew Lewis, of the United States, and William Davis, of Canada. Prime Minister Mulroney and I endorsed their recommendations in March 1986. This past year government-to-government coordination and research cooperation with Canada on acid rain problems have been substantially strengthened, as recommended by the envoys. The administration also has implemented the initial phase of the Department of Energy Clean Coal Technology Program and has completed an inventory of Federal, State, and private clean coal research and demonstration projects, which are expected to expend more than $6 billion by ...

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The news has been saturated (pun intended) with water-related headlines lately: last year, Toledos water was contaminated with toxic algae. Locally in central Ohio, weve experienced elevated nitrate levels and localized flooding from heavy rainfall and runoff.. Though compacted and paved suburban or urban landscapes are limited in their ability to absorb rainfall, the creative gardeners among us can capture their rainwater in a rain garden. Treating your own homes runoff is one way residents can protect our drinking water while decreasing harmful effects on waterways from flash flooding, erosion, and pollution.. Storing water temporarily in a rain garden allows it to draw down slowly, preventing the possibility that it will pick up pollutants and carry them to the nearest stream. Water is naturally filtered as well: gardens remove and degrade contaminants through microbial processes, plant uptake, exposure to sunlight, and absorption to soil particles. Properly designed rain gardens capture ...

TWENTIETH CENTURY IMPRESSION1 S OF SIAM 120 inches. May brings the south-west monsoon, with the first of the real rains, the average rainfall totalling 10 inches with a mean of fourteen days on which rain falls. From now on until the end of October the rains continue, the averages for June being 5*6, for July 4/1, for August 5-9, for September 13-9, and for October 8*1. During these wet months the mean temperature remains almost uniformly at about 85A F., the days are hot and moist, and the minimum temperature rarely falls below 75A F. The daily range, too, which is so extensive even during March and April, now amounts to about 15A. During November the rains cease and the north-east monsoon breaks in, commencing the cycle which has just been described. It will be noted, therefore, that the lowest mean temperature occurs in December, that April is the hottest month of the year, that the highest temperature has been recorded in Mayai.e., I04AF.aand the lowest in December and Januaryai.e., 56A ...